Excellent - very helpful.Paul-Nitz wrote:Here's a list I created that is related to asking why:
How to answer “why?”(the cause) in Ancient Greek:
When the answer to “why?” is a sentence (clause), use:
When the answer to “why?” is a single thing (such as a noun), use:
- ὅτι (διοτι, διὰ τοῦτο ὅτι, καθοτι) - because (literally “that”)
James 4:3 αἰτεῖτε καὶ οὐ λαμβάνετε διότι κακῶς αἰτεῖσθε… You ask and do not have because you ask badly.
ἐπεί (ἐπειδη, επειδηπερ) – since, seeing that (literally? “on that”)
John 13:29 τινὲς γὰρ ἐδόκουν, ἐπεὶ τὸ γλωσσόκομον εἶχεν Ἰούδας, ὅτι λέγει αὐτῷ [ὁ] Ἰησοῦς… Some were thinking, seeing that Judas had the purse, that he Jesus said to him…
γαρ – for (In the sense of “I hit him for he hit me first,” not “I did it for him”).
Colossians 3:20 Τὰ τέκνα, ὑπακούετε τοῖς γονεῦσιν κατὰ πάντα, τοῦτο γὰρ εὐάρεστόν ἐστιν ἐνκυρίῳ. Children, obey parents in everything, for this is pleasing to the Lord.
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- διά τινα – because (literally “through”)
Matthew 6:25 Διὰ τοῦτο λέγω ὑμῖν· μὴ μεριμνᾶτε Because of this I tell you, do not worry…
ἐπί τινι – because (literally “on”)
Matthew 7:28 ἐξεπλήσσοντο οἱ ὄχλοι ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ· The crowds, being amazed because of his teaching.
ἀπό τινος – because (literally “from”)
Matthew 10:28 καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτεννόντων τὸ σῶμα… Do not be afraid because of those who kill the body..
ἕνεκεν τινος – because (literally? “in that”)
Matthew 10:39 ὁ ἀπολέσας τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ εὑρήσει αὐτήν. The one who loses his life because of me will find it.
κατὰ τινα - according to (literaly “down”)
Matthew 19:3 εἰ ἔξεστιν ἀνθρώπῳ ἀπολῦσαι τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ κατὰ πᾶσαν αἰτίαν; [they asked] if it is permitted for a man to let loose his wife because of every reason (for any reason).
ὑπὲρ τινος – because (literally “over”)
Acts 21:13 ἀποθανεῖν εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἑτοίμως ἔχω ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ. I am ready to die in Jerusalem because of the name of the Lord Jesus.
Use of the interrogative pronoun
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Re: Use of the interrogative pronoun
ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες καὶ διηποροῦντο, ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλον λέγοντες, τί θέλει τοῦτο εἶναι;
http://jonathanrobie.biblicalhumanities.org/
http://jonathanrobie.biblicalhumanities.org/
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Re: Use of the interrogative pronoun
The preposition ἀπό is being conditioned by the verb. One would not use it for giving a reason.ἀπό τινος – because (literally “from”)
Matthew 10:28 καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτεννόντων τὸ σῶμα… Do not be afraid because of those who kill the body..
Actually, I wouldn't really recommend using ἀπό with φοβεῖσθαι, since the two together feel like good Hebrew more than good Greek.