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γενναω

Posted: February 14th, 2017, 12:28 pm
by Michael Sharpnack
I'm having a hard time translating γενναω. Specifically, what's the difference between it and γινομαι? In the lexicon it says "be born, beget, or bring forth" but how would you translate it in the passive voice?

An example:
Matt. 6:10 "...γενηθητω το θελημα σου..."
-I think the idea is "let your will come about" but I don't quite get why.
-What would be the difference if it said γινεσθω instead?

Re: γενναω

Posted: February 14th, 2017, 12:33 pm
by Michael Sharpnack
Another example would be in John 3, where it's used mostly in the passive voice. Why not the active? If the active means to be born?

Re: γενναω

Posted: February 14th, 2017, 12:57 pm
by Jonathan Robie
What lexicon are you using? Here is Abbott-Smith:
Abbott-Smith wrote:γεννάω, -ῶ (< γέννα, poët. for γένος), [in LXX chiefly for ילד ;]

1. of the father, to beget: c. acc., Mt 1:1-16, Ac 7:8, 29; seq. ἐκ, Mt 1:3, 5, 6.
2. Of the mother, to bring forth, bear: Lk 1:13, 57 23:29, Jo 16:21; εἰς δουλείαν, Ga 4:24.

Pass.
(1) to be begotten: Mt 1:20;
(2) to be born: Mt 2:1, 4 19:12 26:24, Mk 14:21, Lk 1:35, Jo 3:4, Ac 7:20, Ro 9:11, He 11:23; seq. εἰς, Jo 16:21 18:37, II Pe 2:12; ἐν, Ac 2:8 22:3, (ἁμαρτίαις), Jo 9:34; ἀπό, He 11:12 (WH, mg., ἐγεν-); ἐκ, Jo 1:13 3:6 8:41; c. adj., τυφλὸς γ., Jo 9:2; [Ῥωμαῖος ], Ac 22:28; κατὰ σάρκα: κ. πνεῦμα: Ga 4:29. Metaph.; μάχας, II Ti 2:23; ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα, I Co 4:15, (ὅν), Phm 10; in quotation, Ps 2:7 (LXX), Ac 13:33, He 1:5 5:5; of Christians as begotten of God, born again: Jo 1:13 3:3, 5-8, I Jo 2:29 3:9 4:7 5:1, 4, 18 (cf. ἀνα-γεννάω); (Cremer, 146).

Re: γενναω

Posted: February 14th, 2017, 2:01 pm
by timothy_p_mcmahon
A couple of notes:

1) γενηθητω is a form of γινομαι, not γενναω.

2) Can you cite any instances where the active form of γενναω means 'be born'? In the examples I see, the active form means 'beget/bear' and the passive form means 'be born'. The two voices appear in contrast in Matthew 1:16, Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσὴφ τὸν ἄνδρα Μαρίας, ἐξ ἧς ἐγεννήθη Ἰησοῦς ὁ λεγόμενος χριστός.

Re: γενναω

Posted: February 14th, 2017, 2:30 pm
by Eeli Kaikkonen
Michael Sharpnack wrote:Another example would be in John 3, where it's used mostly in the passive voice. Why not the active? If the active means to be born?
Koine Greek has active/mediopassive distinction where active is the default voice, not marked, and mediopassive is marked for subject-affectedness. The mediopassive can be used only when there is subject-affectedness while the active can be used in all situations. Mediopassive has two forms, the traditional "medium" morphology and the traditional "passive" morphology. But the distinction doesn't necessarily mean semantic medium/passive distinction. The passive forms are more often used for prototypical passive situations where there are the agent which is the grammatical subject and the patient which is the grammatical object, and the verb is transitive. But the passive forms are also used to mark other kinds of subject-affectedness, just like the medium forms. "To be born" is a subject-affected event. Therefore mediopassive is natural for it.

Why not the active - it can be used for subject-affected situation, after all? Just because. We don't know the reason why with a certain word mediopassive is used instead of active (while active could basically be used with a subject-affected verb), or why active is used instead of mediopassive (while the mediopassive could naturally be used with a subject-affected verb). You just have to learn it when you learn the word. In this situation the active form clearly means something like "give birth" so the mediopassive naturally means that being born happens to someone, i.e. that someone - the subject - is affected by the situation.

Re: γενναω

Posted: February 14th, 2017, 5:47 pm
by Michael Sharpnack
Jonathan Robie wrote:What lexicon are you using? Here is Abbott-Smith:
Well, actually that was the definition in my vocab list from my textbook. That entry from Abbott-Smith helps.
timothy_p_mcmahon wrote: 1) γενηθητω is a form of γινομαι, not γενναω.
Oh, hmm. I guess γενναω would have the double nu? Would that be the only difference? That explains part of my problem.
timothy_p_mcmahon wrote: 2) Can you cite any instances where the active form of γενναω means 'be born'? In the examples I see, the active form means 'beget/bear' and the passive form means 'be born'. The two voices appear in contrast in Matthew 1:16, Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσὴφ τὸν ἄνδρα Μαρίας, ἐξ ἧς ἐγεννήθη Ἰησοῦς ὁ λεγόμενος χριστός.
Looking at all the posts, I think the translation of the active as "be born" from the textbook was my problem. If I take it to mean beget/bear/bring forth in the active, and be born/be begotten in the passive, it makes more sense to me.

Re: γενναω

Posted: February 14th, 2017, 7:52 pm
by timothy_p_mcmahon
Michael Sharpnack wrote:Oh, hmm. I guess γενναω would have the double nu? Would that be the only difference? That explains part of my problem.
Yes. The corresponding γενναω form would be γεννηθητω.

Considering the affinity in both phonology and meaning, me wonders whether these two verbs spring from a common root.

Re: γενναω

Posted: February 15th, 2017, 1:17 am
by Stephen Carlson
timothy_p_mcmahon wrote:Considering the affinity in both phonology and meaning, me wonders whether these two verbs spring from a common root.
Most etymologists think so. γεννᾶν has some derivational suffix that irregularly doubled the consonant.