I'm not arguing for this translation, and I don't know of any translation that uses "even" here.Jonathan Robie wrote:I'm not sure what "even his image", etc. means in your translation. What do you mean by this, and what's your argument for translating it this way? Does any translation use 'even' here?Mike Burke wrote:Thank you, but I'm more interested in the latter two occurrences of "kai" in that verse.David Lim wrote:...In the case of Rev 14:6-9, the syntax indicates that it asserts all three statements to be true: "I saw [a] messenger ...", "another second messenger followed ..." and "another messenger, [a] third, followed them ...". Hope this helps!
...εἴ τις προσκυνεῖ τὸ θηρίον καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα αὐτοῦ καὶ λαμβάνει χάραγμα ἐπὶ τοῦ μετώπου αὐτοῦ ἢ ἐπὶ τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ
Could it be translated something like "if any man worship the beast, even his image, even receiving his mark etc"?
I'd just like to know if there's anything in the grammar or syntax of this verse that can determine whether "kai" has an additive or explanatory connotation.
Does it mean plus or equals?
Could it be paraphrased "if any man worship the beast (i.e. his image, i.e, receive his mark in his forehead or his hand)"?
Is it possible to tell whether the meaning of "kai" is additive (invitation plus tuxedo) or explanatory (a tuxedo is an invitation, or anyone wearing a tuxedo is invited)?