I'm a bit confused, I think, about the relative time of the perfect participle. Mounce only says its time is the same as its indicative use (completed action with effects still ongoing), but this says nothing about its relative time. Dana-Mantey and Wallace say it denotes action prior to the time of its verb that it modifies, just as the aorist does, but this doesn't address the completed action, ongoing effects element of them.
So if I put these elements together, does the perfect participle indicate action that was completed before the time of its verb, with its effect still ongoing at the time of the verb?
perfect participles
Re: perfect participles
If you are referring to a participle used adverbially, my simple answer is yes, the event is past with respect to the main verb and results in a present state with respect to the main verb. And I think we don't really have a way to convey the difference between the aorist and perfect adverbial participles in English. The nearest to either seems to be the same "having done something, ..." The only examples of the active perfect adverbial participle in the new testament are Luke 1:3, John 4:6,45, 6:19, 7:15, 12:37, 13:2, 18:18, Acts 16:24,34, 25:7, Eph 4:19, 1 Pet 1:22, 2 Pet 2:6, according to my search, but usually the aorist participle and not the perfect participle is used. The passive perfect participles are more common, such as in Matt 27:17, Luke 6:40, 11:21, 16:20, 18:14. Were you referring to any particular instance?Jesse Goulet wrote:I'm a bit confused, I think, about the relative time of the perfect participle. Mounce only says its time is the same as its indicative use (completed action with effects still ongoing), but this says nothing about its relative time. Dana-Mantey and Wallace say it denotes action prior to the time of its verb that it modifies, just as the aorist does, but this doesn't address the completed action, ongoing effects element of them.
So if I put these elements together, does the perfect participle indicate action that was completed before the time of its verb, with its effect still ongoing at the time of the verb?
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Re: perfect participles
Yes, I think a particular example would clarify the discussion.
Stephen C. Carlson, Ph.D.
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Melbourne, Australia
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Re: perfect participles
No example in particular. I'm just trying to get the generic jist of how its relative time works when it's being used adverbially.
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Re: perfect participles
It's relative time would be previous to the main verb, of course. What other time do you think it could take on?Jesse Goulet wrote:No example in particular. I'm just trying to get the generic jist of how its relative time works when it's being used adverbially.
Jason A. Hare
The Hebrew Café
Tel Aviv, Israel
The Hebrew Café
Tel Aviv, Israel
Re: perfect participles
One fact that should be born in mind, since we're talking about perfect participles without indicating any particular instances, is that the perfect participle often functions with an auxiliary in a periphrastic construction that is equivalent to a finite verb, e.g.
Eph. 2:8 Τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως = σέσῳσθε (= pf. indic.)
Μκ. 1:6 καὶ ἦν ὁ Ἰωάννης ἐνδεδυμένος τρίχας καμήλου = ἐνεδέδυτο (= plupf. indic.)
Eph. 2:8 Τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως = σέσῳσθε (= pf. indic.)
Μκ. 1:6 καὶ ἦν ὁ Ἰωάννης ἐνδεδυμένος τρίχας καμήλου = ἐνεδέδυτο (= plupf. indic.)
οὔτοι ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς πάντα θεοὶ θνητοῖς ὑπέδειξαν,
ἀλλὰ χρόνῳ ζητέοντες ἐφευρίσκουσιν ἄμεινον. (Xenophanes, Fragment 16)
Carl W. Conrad
Department of Classics, Washington University (Retired)
ἀλλὰ χρόνῳ ζητέοντες ἐφευρίσκουσιν ἄμεινον. (Xenophanes, Fragment 16)
Carl W. Conrad
Department of Classics, Washington University (Retired)
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Re: perfect participles
I meant the element about the continuing effect of the action. With perfect indicatives, the ongoing action is felt at the present time of the author. But for perfect participles, is the ongoing effect felt at the time of its head verb, or the author, or both?Jason Hare wrote:It's relative time would be previous to the main verb, of course. What other time do you think it could take on?Jesse Goulet wrote:No example in particular. I'm just trying to get the generic jist of how its relative time works when it's being used adverbially.
Re: perfect participles
With perfect indicatives, the effect of the past event is "felt" by the subject and the direct object (if any) at their "present time"; it is not an ongoing action nor is it "felt" by the author. Likewise for adverbial perfect participles, the effect of the past event describes the state of the subject and object in which the main verb occurs, not the state of the author. I think that the examples I mentioned show that. (I accidentally included Acts 25:7 in which the perfect participle is not an adverbial.)Jesse Goulet wrote:I meant the element about the continuing effect of the action. With perfect indicatives, the ongoing action is felt at the present time of the author. But for perfect participles, is the ongoing effect felt at the time of its head verb, or the author, or both?Jason Hare wrote:It's relative time would be previous to the main verb, of course. What other time do you think it could take on?Jesse Goulet wrote:No example in particular. I'm just trying to get the generic jist of how its relative time works when it's being used adverbially.
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