Isaiah Chapter 3

This is a B-Greek reading Group for the LXX Isaiah. This reading group is going through two chapters of the LXX Isaiah per week. Ken Penner, the B-Greek moderator for the "Septuagint and Pseudepigrapha Forum" is writing a commentary on the LXX Isaiah and is sharing his notes with those who wish to read the Isaiah LXX. Dive in, if you dare!
Post Reply
Ken M. Penner
Posts: 881
Joined: May 12th, 2011, 7:50 am
Location: Antigonish, NS, Canada
Contact:

Isaiah Chapter 3

Post by Ken M. Penner »

16. Lord Sabaoth removes Judea’s leadership (3:1–5)
3 1 Ἰδοὺ δὴ ὁ δεσπότης Κύριος σαβαωθ ἀφελεῖ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἰσχύοντα καὶ ἰσχύουσαν, ἰσχὺν ἄρτου καὶ ἰσχὺν ὕδατος, 2 γίγαντα καὶ ἄνθρωπον πολεμιστὴν καὶ δικαστὴν καὶ προφήτην καὶ στοχαστὴν καὶ πρεσβύτερον 3 καὶ πεντηκόνταρχον καὶ θαυμαστὸν σύμβουλον καὶ σοφὸν ἀρχιτέκτονα.

Καὶ συνετὸν ἀκροατήν 4 καὶ ἐπιστήσω νεανίσκους ἄρχοντας αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐμπαῖκται κυριεύσουσιν αὐτῶν. 5 καὶ συμπεσεῖται ὁ λαός, ἄνθρωπος πρὸς ἄνθρωπον καὶ ἄνθρωπος πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ· προσκόψει τὸ παιδίον πρὸς τὸν πρεσβύτην, ὁ ἄτιμος πρὸς τὸν ἔντιμον.

17. Judaea desperate for leaders (3:6–9)
6 Ὅτι ἐπιλήμψεται ἄνθρωπος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ἢ τοῦ οἰκείου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ λέγων Ἱμάτιον ἔχεις, ἀρχηγὸς ἡμῶν γενοῦ, καὶ τὸ βρῶμα τὸ ἐμὸν ὑπὸ σὲ ἔστω.
7 Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ἐρεῖ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ Οὐκ ἔσομαί σου ἀρχηγός· οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ μου ἄρτος οὐδὲ ἱμάτιον· οὐκ ἔσομαι ἀρχηγὸς τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου.

8 Ὅτι ἀνεῖται Ιερουσαλημ, καὶ ἡ Ιουδαία συμπέπτωκεν, καὶ αἱ γλῶσσαι αὐτῶν μετὰ ἀνομίας, τὰ πρὸς κύριον ἀπειθοῦντες.

Διότι νῦν ἐταπεινώθη ἡ δόξα αὐτῶν, 9 καὶ ἡ αἰσχύνη τοῦ προσώπου αὐτῶν ἀντέστη αὐτοῖς· τὴν δὲ ἁμαρτίαν αὐτῶν ὡς Σοδομων ἀνήγγειλαν καὶ ἐνεφάνισαν.

18. Woe to lawbreakers (3:9–11)
Οὐαὶ τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτῶν, διότι βεβούλευνται βουλὴν πονηρὰν καθ’ ἑαυτῶν 10 εἰπόντες Δήσωμεν τὸν δίκαιον, ὅτι δύσχρηστος ἡμῖν ἐστιν· τοίνυν τὰ γενήματα τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν φάγονται.

11 Οὐαὶ τῷ ἀνόμῳ· πονηρὰ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ συμβήσεται αὐτῷ.

19. Time for justice (3:12–15)
12 Λαός μου, οἱ πράκτορες ὑμῶν καλαμῶνται ὑμᾶς, καὶ οἱ ἀπαιτοῦντες κυριεύουσιν ὑμῶν· λαός μου, οἱ μακαρίζοντες ὑμᾶς πλανῶσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ τὴν τρίβον τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν ταράσσουσιν.

13 Ἀλλὰ νῦν καταστήσεται εἰς κρίσιν κύριος καὶ στήσει εἰς κρίσιν τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ, 14 αὐτὸς κύριος εἰς κρίσιν ἥξει μετὰ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ μετὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων αὐτοῦ Ὑμεῖς δὲ τί ἐνεπυρίσατε τὸν ἀμπελῶνά μου καὶ ἡ ἁρπαγὴ τοῦ πτωχοῦ ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις ὑμῶν; 15 τί ὑμεῖς ἀδικεῖτε τὸν λαόν μου καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον τῶν πτωχῶν καταισχύνετε;

20. Women of luxury will be humbled (3:16-26)
16 Τάδε λέγε Κύριος Ἀνθ ὧν ὑψώθησαν αἱ θυγατέρες Σιὼν καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ὑψηλῷ τραχήλῳ καὶ νεύμασιν ὀφθαλμῶν καὶ τῇ πορείᾳ τῶν ποδῶν ἅμα σύρουσαι τοὺς κιτῶνας καὶ τοῖς ποσὶν ἅμα παίζουσαι, 17 καὶ ταπεινώσει ὁ θεὸς ἀρχούσας θυγατέρας Σιὼν, καὶ Κύριος ἀνακαλύψει τὸ σχῆμα αὐτῶν 18 ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ καὶ ἀφελεῖ Κύριος τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἱματισμοῦ αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς κόσμους αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ἐμπλόκια καὶ τοὺς κοσύμβους καὶ τοὺς μηνίσκους 19 καὶ τὸ κάθεμα καὶ τὸν κόσμον τοῦ προσώπου αὐτῶν 20 καὶ τὴν σύνθεσιν τοῦ κόσμου τῆς δόξης αὐτῶν.

Καὶ τοὺς χλιδῶνας καὶ τὰ ἐνώτια.

21 Καὶ τὰ περιπόρφυρα καὶ τὰ μεσοπόρφυρα 22 καὶ τὰ ἐπιβλήματα τὰ κατὰ τὴν οἰκίαν καὶ τὰ διαφανῆ Λακωνικὰ 23 καὶ τὰ βύσσινα καὶ τὰ ὑακίνθινα καὶ τὰ κόκκινα καὶ τὴν βύσσον, σὺν χρυσίῳ καὶ ὑακίνθῳ συγκαθυφασμένα καὶ θέριστρα καὶ τὰ κατάκλειστα. 24 καὶ ἔσται ἀντὶ ὀσμῆς ἡδείας κονιορτός, καὶ ἀντὶ ζώνης σχοινίον ζώσῃ καὶ ἀντὶ τοῦ κόσμου τῆς κεφαλῆς τοῦ χρυσίου φαλάκρωμα ἕξεις διὰ τὰ ἔργα σου καὶ ἀντὶ τοῦ κιτῶνος τοῦ μεσοπορφύρου περιζώσῃ σάκκον. 25 καὶ ὁ υἱός σου ὁ κάλλιστος, ὃν ἀγαπᾷς, μαχαίρᾳ πεσεῖται, καὶ οἱ ἰσχύοντες ὑμῶν μαχαίρᾳ πεσοῦνται.

26 Καὶ ταπεινωθήσονται καὶ πενθήσουσιν αἱ θῆκαι τοῦ κόσμου ὑμῶν, καὶ καταλειφθήσῃ μόνη καὶ εἰς τὴν γῆν ἐδαφισθήσῃ.
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Ken M. Penner
Posts: 881
Joined: May 12th, 2011, 7:50 am
Location: Antigonish, NS, Canada
Contact:

Notes on Isaiah 3:1-5

Post by Ken M. Penner »

16. Lord Sabaoth removes Judea’s leadership (3:1–5)
3.1 Ἰδοὺ δὴ ὁ δεσπότης Κύριος Σαβαὼθ ἀφελεῖ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἰσχύοντα καὶ ἰσχύουσαν, ἰσχὺν ἄρτου καὶ ἰσχὺν ὕδατος, 2 γίγαντα καὶ ἄνθρωπον πολεμιστὴν καὶ δικαστὴν καὶ προφήτην καὶ στοχαστὴν καὶ πρεσβύτερον 3 καὶ πεντηκόνταρχον καὶ θαυμαστὸν σύμβουλον καὶ σοφὸν ἀρχιτέκτονα.

Καὶ συνετὸν ἀκροατήν 4 καὶ ἐπιστήσω νεανίσκους ἄρχοντας αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐμπαῖκται κυριεύσουσιν αὐτῶν. 5 καὶ συμπεσεῖται ὁ λαός, ἄνθρωπος πρὸς ἄνθρωπον καὶ ἄνθρωπος πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ· προσκόψει τὸ παιδίον πρὸς τὸν πρεσβύτην, ὁ ἄτιμος πρὸς τὸν ἔντιμον.
Ἰδοὺ] standard translation of הנה
δὴ] particles are not common in G; δή appears most in Judges-4Kingdoms, and the minor prophets. The standard equivalent of נא.
ἀφελεῖ] future of ἀφαιρέω, here from the Hifil participle of סר.
ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ] these two nouns are reversed in Swete.
ἰσχὺν ἄρτου καὶ ἰσχὺν ὕδατος] Cyprian (Ad Quirinium 1.22) interpreted this to mean that “the Jews would lose while we should receive the bread and the cup of Christ.”
γίγαντα] Silva has “mighty one” with a footnote: “Or giant.”
καὶ ἄνθρωπον πολεμιστὴν] ἄνθρωπον is present because the Hebrew has איש מלחמה. Correctors ca and cb2 precede this by και ισχυοντα in the bottom margin, which the other uncials and editions also have.
στοχαστὴν] diviner (of the future, in Josephus, War 4.289).
θαυμαστὸν σύμβουλον] In the MT, these are two people separated by a disjunctive accent: וּנְשׂ֣וּא פָנִ֑ים וְיוֹעֵ֛ץ as one amazing counsellor. But note different Greek words are used for the “wonderful counsellor” פֶּלֶא יוֹעֵץ of 9:5(6), which becomes Μεγάλης βουλῆς.
συνετὸν ἀκροατήν] “intelligent student” (“hearer” in James 1:23-25); G apparently was at a loss for לחש (it does not appear in the Pentateuch); the two other times he has to deal with it he leaves it out (3:20), and takes it as an adjective μικρός (26:16). The paragraphing in S requires that καὶ συνετὸν ἀκροατήν be construed with what follows rather than with what precedes.
ἐμπαῖκται] ἐμπαίκτης is a noun related to ἐμπαίζω “ridicule,” but תַּעֲלוּלִים is an abstract noun “wantonness.” G is consistent in his rendering: 66:4 has ἐμπαίγματα for תעלול.
προσκόψει] προσκόπτω carries physical and figurative senses: stumbling against, and feeling or giving offense.
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Ken M. Penner
Posts: 881
Joined: May 12th, 2011, 7:50 am
Location: Antigonish, NS, Canada
Contact:

Notes on Isaiah 3:6-9

Post by Ken M. Penner »

17. Judaea desperate for leaders (3:6–9)
6 Ὅτι ἐπιλήμψεται ἄνθρωπος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ἢ τοῦ οἰκείου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ λέγων Ἱμάτιον ἔχεις, ἀρχηγὸς ἡμῶν γενοῦ, καὶ τὸ βρῶμα τὸ ἐμὸν ὑπὸ σὲ ἔστω.

7 Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ἐρεῖ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ Οὐκ ἔσομαί σου ἀρχηγός· οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ μου ἄρτος οὐδὲ ἱμάτιον· οὐκ ἔσομαι ἀρχηγὸς τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου.

8 Ὅτι ἀνεῖται Ἰερουσαλὴμ, καὶ ἡ Ἰουδαία συμπέπτωκεν, καὶ αἱ γλῶσσαι αὐτῶν μετὰ ἀνομίας, τὰ πρὸς Κύριον ἀπειθοῦντες.

Διότι νῦν ἐταπεινώθη ἡ δόξα αὐτῶν, 9 καὶ ἡ αἰσχύνη τοῦ προσώπου αὐτῶν ἀντέστη αὐτοῖς· τὴν δὲ ἁμαρτίαν αὐτῶν ὡς Σοδόμων ἀνήγγειλαν καὶ ἐνεφάνισαν.
ἐπιλήμψεται] ἐπιλαμβάνω “lay hold of” takes its object in the genitive.
Ἱμάτιον ἔχεις] just as unexpected in Hebrew as in Greek.
ὑπὸ] Silva has “under” (because σὲ is in the accusative, and ὑπό can carry the sense of “under the control of”) with a note: “Or supplied by.”
τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ] that is, when Lord Sabaoth removes the leadership (3:1).
The poverty is such that even those begged to be leaders have no food or clothing.
αἱ γλῶσσαι αὐτῶν μετὰ ἀνομίας] Silva has “their tongues are joined with lawlessness”; Ottley has “their tongues (are) with transgression.” The Hebrew behind μετὰ ἀνομίας is ומעלליהם “and their deeds,” from the same root as תַּעֲלוּלִים in section 16 above. ἀνομία is a favourite of G when at a loss.
τὰ πρὸς κύριον] Since G interpreted ומעלליהם with the previous clause, he now had to insert τά. The church fathers do not comment on what these might be.
ἀπειθοῦντες] ἀπειθέω appears 13 times in Isaiah, translating מרה 3 times, מאס 2x, סרר 2x, איב 1x, יסר 1x, סיג 1x, סרה1x. It is the most common translation of מרה in the Pentateuch, especially Deut. Possibly G read the samek in סרר יסר and סרה as a mem.
νῦν ἐταπεινώθη] Notice the aorist indicative with a present adverb, translating עני as if from ענה “humble” rather than the MT’s עֵנֵי “eyes”.
ἀντέστη] This form of ἀνθίστημι “set against” sounds like its Hebrew counterpart עָנְתָה, from עָנָה “answer.”
Σοδομων] notice the plural ending; Σόδομα is neuter plural.
ἐνεφάνισαν] from ἐμφανίζω, “they made evident” is an appropriate paraphrase of לֹא כִחֵדוּ “they did not hide.”
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Ken M. Penner
Posts: 881
Joined: May 12th, 2011, 7:50 am
Location: Antigonish, NS, Canada
Contact:

Notes on Isaiah 3:9-11

Post by Ken M. Penner »

18. Woe to lawbreakers (3:9–11)
Οὐαὶ τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτῶν, διότι βεβούλευνται βουλὴν πονηρὰν καθ’ ἑαυτῶν 10 εἰπόντες Δήσωμεν τὸν δίκαιον, ὅτι δύσχρηστος ἡμῖν ἐστιν· τοίνυν τὰ γενήματα τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν φάγονται.

11 Οὐαὶ τῷ ἀνόμῳ· πονηρὰ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ συμβήσεται αὐτῷ.
καθ’ ἑαυτῶν] Silva has “against them”
Δήσωμεν τὸν δίκαιον] masculine. Hegesippus may have applied this to James “the Just;” Eusebius (Hist. eccl. 2.23.13) considers the martyrdom of James fulfillment of this verse. Instead of δήσωμεν, Eusebius has αρωμεν, as does Justin Martyr Dialogue with Trypho 136. But Justin Martyr quotes 3:9-15 as a curse on the Jews for doing “such things” against Christ (Dialogue with Trypho 133), “publishing throughout all the land bitter and dark and unjust things against the only blameless and righteous Light sent by God” (Dialogue with Trypho 17). In these other two cases, Justin reads δήσωμεν, with G.
δύσχρηστος] G changes the subject, but appears to retain the meaning: the MT has טוב “it is good”; G could be understood as “he is inconvenient.”
τοίνυν] This particle appears in G four times, more than any other translated book of the Greek Bible (it is common in 4 Macc).
γενήματα] γένημα translates פרי “product, fruit,” which in the Pentateuch tends to be rendered καρπος, but is so rendered in G only at 37:30.
φάγονται] The subject must still be Ioudaia, from 3:8.
ἀνόμῳ] A favourite of G when at a loss, this word does not appear in the Pentateuch. Its twenty instances in G translate 14 different Hebrew words.
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Ken M. Penner
Posts: 881
Joined: May 12th, 2011, 7:50 am
Location: Antigonish, NS, Canada
Contact:

Notes on Isaiah 3:12-15

Post by Ken M. Penner »

19. Time for justice (3:12–15)
12 Λαός μου, οἱ πράκτορες ὑμῶν καλαμῶνται ὑμᾶς, καὶ οἱ ἀπαιτοῦντες κυριεύουσιν ὑμῶν· λαός μου, οἱ μακαρίζοντες ὑμᾶς πλανῶσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ τὴν τρίβον τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν ταράσσουσιν.

13 Ἀλλὰ νῦν καταστήσεται εἰς κρίσιν Κύριος καὶ στήσει εἰς κρίσιν τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ, 14 αὐτὸς κύριος εἰς κρίσιν ἥξει μετὰ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ μετὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων αὐτοῦ. ὑμεῖς δὲ τί ἐνεπυρίσατε τὸν ἀμπελῶνά μου καὶ ἡ ἁρπαγὴ τοῦ πτωχοῦ ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις ὑμῶν; 15 τί ὑμεῖς ἀδικεῖτε τὸν λαόν μου καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον τῶν πτωχῶν καταισχύνετε;
πράκτορες] A πράκτωρ is a court official responsible for collecting debts.
καλαμῶνται] There are two meanings for the Hebrew root עול behind מעולל: suckle or act wrongly. G chose neither of these, deriving it from עלל “glean.”
ἀπαιτοῦντες] G understood ונשים “and women” as נגשים, i.e., the πράκτορες who demanded repayment.
τὴν τρίβον] with A, followed by Ziegler. Rahlfs and Swete have τὸν τρίβον, following B. Normally τρίβος is feminine, but LSJ provide some examples of masculine forms in Euripides and Plutarch.
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Ken M. Penner
Posts: 881
Joined: May 12th, 2011, 7:50 am
Location: Antigonish, NS, Canada
Contact:

Notes on Isaiah 3:16-26

Post by Ken M. Penner »

20. Women of luxury will be humbled (3:16-26)
16 Τάδε λέγε Κύριος Ἀνθ ὧν ὑψώθησαν αἱ θυγατέρες Σειών, καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ὑψηλῷ τραχήλῳ καὶ νεύμασιν ὀφθαλμῶν καὶ τῇ πορείᾳ τῶν ποδῶν ἅμα σύρουσαι τοὺς κιτῶνας καὶ τοῖς ποσὶν ἅμα παίζουσαι, 17 καὶ ταπεινώσει ὁ θεὸς ἀρχούσας θυγατέρας Σειών, καὶ Κύριος ἀνακαλύψει τὸ σχῆμα αὐτῶν 18 ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ καὶ ἀφελεῖ Κύριος τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἱματισμοῦ αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς κόσμους αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ἐμπλόκια καὶ τοὺς κοσύμβους καὶ τοὺς μηνίσκους 19 καὶ τὸ κάθεμα καὶ τὸν κόσμον τοῦ προσώπου αὐτῶν 20 καὶ τὴν σύνθεσιν τοῦ κόσμου τῆς δόξης αὐτῶν.

Καὶ τοὺς χλιδῶνας καὶ τὰ ἐνώτια.

21 Καὶ τὰ περιπόρφυρα καὶ τὰ μεσοπόρφυρα 22 καὶ τὰ ἐπιβλήματα τὰ κατὰ τὴν οἰκίαν καὶ τὰ διαφανῆ Λακωνικὰ 23 καὶ τὰ βύσσινα καὶ τὰ ὑακίνθινα καὶ τὰ κόκκινα καὶ τὴν βύσσον, σὺν χρυσίῳ καὶ ὑακίνθῳ συγκαθυφασμένα καὶ θέριστρα καὶ τὰ κατάκλειστα. 24 καὶ ἔσται ἀντὶ ὀσμῆς ἡδείας κονιορτός, καὶ ἀντὶ ζώνης σχοινίον ζώσῃ καὶ ἀντὶ τοῦ κόσμου τῆς κεφαλῆς τοῦ χρυσίου φαλάκρωμα ἕξεις διὰ τὰ ἔργα σου καὶ ἀντὶ τοῦ κιτῶνος τοῦ μεσοπορφύρου περιζώσῃ σάκκον. 25 καὶ ὁ υἱός σου ὁ κάλλιστος, ὃν ἀγαπᾷς, μαχαίρᾳ πεσεῖται, καὶ οἱ ἰσχύοντες ὑμῶν μαχαίρᾳ πεσοῦνται.

26 Καὶ ταπεινωθήσονται καὶ πενθήσουσιν αἱ θῆκαι τοῦ κόσμου ὑμῶν, καὶ καταλειφθήσῃ μόνη καὶ εἰς τὴν γῆν ἐδαφισθήσῃ.
This section contains many expressions with no basis in the Hebrew.
16
λέγει] The form in S is the imperative λέγε, and no corrector changed it. It is impossible to take Κ̅Σ̅ as a nominative unless the verb is indicative. Alternatively, the nominative form is being used with a vocative function.
νεύμασιν] νεῦμα is a sign which can be done in time to music, or as a command. Probably “nod,” but Silva uses “wink.” B, Swete, and Rahlfs precede νεύμασιν by ἐν, but Ziegler follows A and S.
πορείᾳ] is a way of going (cf. πορεύομαι).
κιτῶνας] This Doric form of χιτῶνας (as spelled in the editions) is also attested in POxy.1269.30.
παίζουσαι] παίζω is actively amuse. We might say “play around” or “have fun.” Silva has “being playful.”
17
ἀνακαλύψει] also in B and Swete. Rahlfs and Ziegler follow A’s ἀποκαλύψει.
σχῆμα ] Often used for the outward appearance (rather than reality), which as the object of ἀποκαλύπτω, would mean the women's figures would be exposed. But σχῆμα could also mean the character or characteristic property of the women.
ὑψηλῷ … παίζουσαι] As Ottley notes, satire is achieved simply by listing the various cosmetic devices, and the exact nature of each one is of minor importance. Therefore G can be forgiven for adding a couple of items to the Hebrew list, and perhaps guessing at some of the more obscure vocabulary.
18
καὶ τοὺς κόσμους αὐτῶν καὶ] omitted by B (Swete).
ἐμπλόκια ] “Hair-clasp,” attested in Egypt and Athens in the 3rd century BCE (LSJ).
κοσύμβους ] LSJ refers only to this instance, giving the meaning “hair-net,” which seems to me far from certain. Related words κοσύμβη and κοσυμβωτός tend to indicate “fringe.”
μηνίσκους ] moon-shaped, i.e., crescent.
κάθεμα ] appears around one’s neck in Ezek 16:11.
20
σύνθεσιν ] a combination, in this case of clothes, i.e., a suit or wardrobe
δόξης αὐτῶν] with A. Corrector cb2 deleted αὐτῶν, in agreement with B (and Swete and Rahlfs).
Καὶ τοὺς χλιδῶνας καὶ τὰ ἐνώτια] This phrase appears in S* as a paragraph on its own. The absence of a verb, along with the accusative case yields a phrase that cannot stand on its own. Correctors ca and cb3 add καὶ τὰ ψέλια καὶ τὸ ἐμπλόκιον καὶ τὰ περιδέξια καὶ τοὺς δακτυλίους, which matches the other uncials (except Θ) and editions, except that B (Swete) has καὶ τοὺς δακτυλίους before καὶ τὰ περιδέξια. Likely the list was accidentally shortened because of the repeated καὶ τὰ. But this does not solve the problem of the missing verb. This example indicates that the paragraph divisions must not be adhered to rigidly.
22
τὰ διαφανῆ Λακωνικὰ] The nature of these transparent Spartan things is unclear.
23
τὰ κόκκινα] τὰ is lacking in B (Swete).
χρυσίῳ] B (Swete) has χρυσῷ.
συγκαθυφασμένα] S’s spelling συνκατυφασμενα is close to that of B (Swete): συνκαθυφασμένα.
καὶ τὰ κατάκλειστα] S* had κατακλιστρα, a non-existent word corrected to κατάκλιστα by cb2 and cb3. B (Rahlfs and Swete) has κατάκλιτα. In LSJ, κατακλειστος is glossed “shut up.” Corrector cb2 deleted καὶ τὰ, which is also lacking in the other uncials and editions.
24
σχοινίον] Other uncials and editions have σχοινίῳ.
ζώσῃ] from ζώννυμαι “belt up.” The second person form appears unexpectedly. In the Hebrew, the second person pronoun appears at the beginning of verse 25, but as a possessive suffix.
κιτῶνος] see note on 2:16.
25-26
καὶ ταπεινωθήσονται] Rahlfs puts this phrase at the beginning of verse 26; Swete and Ziegler at the end of 25.
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Ken M. Penner
Posts: 881
Joined: May 12th, 2011, 7:50 am
Location: Antigonish, NS, Canada
Contact:

Isaiah Chapter 3 Translation

Post by Ken M. Penner »

16. Lord Sabaoth removes Judea’s leadership (3:1–5)
3 1 Look now, the master, Lord Sabaoth, will take away from Ioudaia and from Jerusalem a powerful man and a powerful woman, power of bread and power of water, 2 a giant and a warrior person and a judge and a prophet and a diviner and an old man 3 and a commander of fifty men and an admirable counsellor and a skilled designer

And an intelligent student 4 I will also establish, youths as their rulers, and mockers will rule them. 5 And the people will clash, person against person, and a person will strike against his neighbour, the child against the old woman, the dishonoured against the honoured.

17. Judaea desperate for leaders (3:6–9)

6 Because a person will lay hold of his brother or of the relative of his father saying, You have a garment; become our leader, and let my food be under you.

7 And, answering, he will say in that day, I will not be your leader, for there is in my house no bread or garment; I will not be leader of this people.

8 Because Jerusalem is ruined, and Ioudaia has collapsed, and their tongues are in the company of lawlessness, not abiding by the things regarding Lord, since now their glory has been humbled. 9 And the shame of their face stands against them, and they have publicized and exhibited their sin like Sodoma.

18. Woe to lawbreakers (3:9–11)
Woe to their soul, since they have plotted an evil plot against themselves, 10saying, Let us bind the righteous, because he is inconvenient to us; therefore they will eat the products of their actions.

11 Woe to a lawbreaker; grievous things will happen to him according to the deeds of his hand.

19. Time for justice (3:12–15)

12 My people, your exactors are gathering you up, and those demanding payback are lording it over you; my people, those who bless you are deceiving you, and they are disturbing the path of your feet.

13 But now Lord will stand for judgment, and he will make his people stand for judgment. 14 Lord himself will come for judgment with the elders of the people and with its rulers. But as for you, why did you burn my vineyard? And why is the robbery of the poor in your houses? 15 Why do you do wrong to my people and why do you disgrace the face of the poor?

20. Women of luxury will be humbled (3:16-26)
16 Thus says Lord: Instead of which things the daughters of Seion were exalted and they went with a high neck and with winks of the eyes and with the gait of the feet, trailing their shirts and at the same time playing amorously with their feet. 17 And God will humble the leading daughters of Sion, and Lord will expose their shape. 18 In that day Lord also will take away the glory of their clothing and their cosmetics and hair clasps and fringes and pendants 19 and necklace and the makeup of their face 20 and the set of cosmetics of their splendour.

And the bracelets and the earrings.

21 And the purple-edged garments and the purple-decorated garments 22 and the shawls according to the house and the transparent Laconian garments 23 and the purple and blue and scarlet and those woven with linen along with gold and blue and light summer garments and the precious things. 24 And instead of a sweet scent there will be a cloud of dust, and instead of a belt, you will be girded with a rope, and instead of the ornamentation of your head with gold, you will have baldness because of your works; and instead of the purple-decorated shirt, you will wear sackcloth. 25 And your most precious son, whom you love, will fall by a sword, and your strong men will fall by a sword.

26 And your boxes of cosmetics will be lowered and they will mourn, and you will be left alone, and you will be dashed to the earth.
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Post Reply

Return to “Series on Isaiah”