Isaiah Chapter 24

This is a B-Greek reading Group for the LXX Isaiah. This reading group is going through two chapters of the LXX Isaiah per week. Ken Penner, the B-Greek moderator for the "Septuagint and Pseudepigrapha Forum" is writing a commentary on the LXX Isaiah and is sharing his notes with those who wish to read the Isaiah LXX. Dive in, if you dare!
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Isaiah Chapter 24

Post by Ken M. Penner »

133. Lord will desolate the world (24:1-3)
24.1 Ἰδοὺ Κύριος καταφθείρει τὴν οἰκουμένην καὶ ἐρημώσει αὐτὴν καὶ ἀνακαλύψει τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς καὶ διασπερεῖ τοὺς πάντας ἐνοικοῦντας ἐν αὐτῇ. 2 καὶ ἔσται ὁ λαὸς ὡς ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ὁ παῖς ὡς ὁ κύριος καὶ ἡ θεράπαινα ὡς ἡ κυρία, καὶ ἔσται ὁ ἀγοράζων ὡς ὁ πωλῶν καὶ ὁ δανείζων ὡς ὁ δανειζόμενος καὶ ὁ ὀφείλων ᾧ ὀφείλει. 3 φθορᾷ φθαρήσεται ἡ γῆ, καὶ προνομῇ προνομευθήσεται ἡ γῆ· τὸ γὰρ στόμα Κυρίου ἐλάλησεν ταῦτα.

134. The land acted lawlessly (24:4-6)
4 Ἐπένθησεν ἡ γῆ, καὶ ἐφθάρη ἡ οἰκουμένη, ἐπένθησαν οἱ ὑψηλοὶ τῆς γῆς. 5 καὶ ἡ γῆ ἠνόμησεν διὰ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας αὐτήν, διότι παρήλθοσαν τὸν νόμον καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὰ προστάγματα, διεσκέδασαν διαθήκην αἰώνιον. 6 διὰ τοῦτο ἀρὰ ἔδεται τὴν γῆν, ὅτι ἡμάρτοσαν οἱ κατοικοῦντες αὐτήν· διὰ τοῦτο πτωχοὶ ἔσονται οἱ ἐνοικοῦντες ἐν τῇ γῇ, καὶ καταλειφθήσονται ἄνθρωποι ὀλίγοι.
135. Cheer has ceased (24:7-10)
7 πενθήσει οἶνος, πενθήσει ἄμπελος, στενάξουσιν πάντες οἱ εὐφραινόμενοι τὴν ψυχήν. 8 πέπαυται εὐφροσύνη τυμπάνων, πέπαυται αὐθάδεια καὶ πλοῦτος ἀσεβῶν, πέπαυται φωνὴ κιθάρας. 9 ᾐσχύνθησαν, οὐκ ἔπιον οἶνον, πικρὸν ἐγένετο τὸ σίκερα τοῖς πίνουσιν. 10 ἠρημώθη ὅλη ἡ γῆ, πᾶσα πόλις κλείσει οἰκίαν τοῦ μὴ εἰσελθεῖν.

136. Remnant cheered by Lord’s glory (24:11-15)
11 Ὀλολύζετε περὶ τοῦ οἴνου πανταχῇ· πέπαυται πᾶσα εὐφροσύνη τῆς γῆς. 12 καὶ καταλειφθήσονται πόλεις ἔρημοι, καὶ οἶκοι ἐγκαταλελειμμένοι ἀπολοῦνται. 13 ταῦτα πάντα ἔσται ἐν τῇ γῇ ἐν μέσῳ τῶν ἐθνῶν, ὃν τρόπον ἐάν τις καλαμᾶται ἐλαίαν, οὕτως καλαμήσονται αὐτούς,
καὶ ἐὰν παύσηται ὁ τρύγητος. 14 οὗτοι φωνῇ βοήσονται, οἱ δὲ καταλειφθέντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς εὐφρανθήσονται ἅμα τῇ δόξῃ Κυρίου. ταραχθήσεται τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς θαλάσσης· 15 διὰ τοῦτο ἡ δόξα Κυρίου ἐν ταῖς νήσοις ἔσται τῆς θαλάσσης, τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου ἔνδοξον ἔσται.
137. No escape for the lawless (24:15-18)
Κύριε ὁ θεὸς Ἰσραήλ. 16 ἀπὸ τῶν πτερύγων τῆς γῆς τέρατα ἠκούσαμεν Ἐλπὶς τῷ εὐσεβεῖ. καὶ ἐροῦσιν Οὐαὶ τοῖς ἀθετοῦσιν, οἱ ἀθοῦντες τὸν νόμον. 17 φόβος καὶ βόθυνος καὶ παγὶς ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν τῇ γῇ· 18 καὶ ἔσται ὁ φεύγων τὸν φόβον ἐμπεσεῖται εἰς τὸν βόθυνον, ὁ δὲ ἐκβαίνων ἐκ τοῦ βοθύνου ἁλώσεται ὑπὸ τῆς παγίδος, ὅτι θυρίδες ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἠνεῴχθησαν, καὶ σεισθήσεται τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς.
138. The land troubled by lawlessness (24:19-20)
19 ταράχθῇ ταραχθήσεται ἡ γῆ, καὶ ἀπορίᾳ ἀπορηθήσεται ἡ γῆ· 20 ἔκλινεν καὶ σεισθήσεται ἡ γῆ, ἔκλινεν καὶ σεισθήσεται ὡς ὀπωροφυλάκιον ἡ γῆ ὡς ὁ μεθύων καὶ ὁ κραιπαλῶν καὶ πεσεῖται καὶ οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἀναστῆναι, κατίσχυσεν γὰρ ἐπʼ αὐτῆς ἡ ἀνομία. καὶ πεσεῖται καὶ οὐ μὴ δύνηται στῆναι.

139. Lord will reign in Jerusalem (24:21-23)
21 Καὶ ἐπάξει ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ τὸν κόσμον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὴν χεῖρα καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς· 22 καὶ συνάξουσιν καὶ ἀποκλείσουσιν εἰς ὀχύρωμα καὶ εἰς δεσμωτήριον, διὰ πολλῶν γενεῶν ἐπισκοπὴ ἔσται αὐτῶν. 23 καὶ τακήσεται ἡ πλίνθος, καὶ πεσεῖται τὸ τεῖχος, καὶ ἐντραπήσεται ἡ σελήνη · καὶ αἰσχυνθήσεται ὁ ἥλιος, ὅτι βασιλεύσει Κύριος ἐν Σιὼν καὶ ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ καὶ ἐνώπιον τῶν πρεσβυτέρων δοξασθήσεται.
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
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Notes on Isaiah 24:1-3

Post by Ken M. Penner »

133. Lord will desolate the world (24:1-3)
24.1 Ἰδοὺ Κύριος καταφθείρει τὴν οἰκουμένην καὶ ἐρημώσει αὐτὴν καὶ ἀνακαλύψει τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς καὶ διασπερεῖ τοὺς πάντας ἐνοικοῦντας ἐν αὐτῇ. 2 καὶ ἔσται ὁ λαὸς ὡς ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ὁ παῖς ὡς ὁ κύριος καὶ ἡ θεράπαινα ὡς ἡ κυρία, καὶ ἔσται ὁ ἀγοράζων ὡς ὁ πωλῶν καὶ ὁ δανείζων ὡς ὁ δανειζόμενος καὶ ὁ ὀφείλων ᾧ ὀφείλει. 3 φθορᾷ φθαρήσεται ἡ γῆ, καὶ προνομῇ προνομευθήσεται ἡ γῆ· τὸ γὰρ στόμα Κυρίου ἐλάλησεν ταῦτα.
1
καταφθείρει] “ruins” present tense, reflecting the Hebrew participle בוקק.
ἐρημώσει] the tense shift to the future, although the Hebrew is still a participle ובולקה.
ἀνακαλύψει] recalls 20:4; 22:8-9, 14. The subject is still Lord.
αὐτῆς] referring to the inhabited world
διασπερεῖ] future of διασπείρω, “scatter.”
πάντας] lacking in B (Rahlfs, Ziegler), with no difference in meaning.
2
θεράπαινα] female slave
καὶ ἔσται ὁ ἀγοράζων] ἔσται ὁ ἀγοράζων
δανίζων] the Hellenistic spelling (see BDF §23), with Swete; Rahlfs, Ziegler spell it δανείζων. Lend money.
δανιζόμενος] with Swete; Rahlfs, Ziegler spell it δανειζόμενος. In the middle voice, means “borrow.”
ὀφείλων] with Rahlfs, Ziegler; Swete spells it ὀφίλων
ὀφείλει] with Rahlfs, Ziegler; Swete spells it ὀφίλει
3
φθορᾷ φθαρήσεται] cognate dative, and both words are cognate with καταφθείρει in 23:1.
προνομῇ προνομευθήσεται] another cognate dative

Reception
24:2 is quoted by Gregory Nazianzen, in these words: “Nor indeed is there any distinction between the state of the people and that of the priesthood: but it seems to me to be a simple fulfilment of the ancient curse, “As with the people so with the priest” (Oration 2.82).
Jerome, Letter 128.4 quotes the same verse to make the point that priests should care for their flock.
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Ken M. Penner
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Notes on Isaiah 24:4-6

Post by Ken M. Penner »

134. The land acted lawlessly (24:4-6)
4 Ἐπένθησεν ἡ γῆ, καὶ ἐφθάρη ἡ οἰκουμένη, ἐπένθησαν οἱ ὑψηλοὶ τῆς γῆς. 5 καὶ ἡ γῆ ἠνόμησεν διὰ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας αὐτήν, διότι παρήλθοσαν τὸν νόμον καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὰ προστάγματα, διεσκέδασαν διαθήκην αἰώνιον. 6 διὰ τοῦτο ἀρὰ ἔδεται τὴν γῆν, ὅτι ἡμάρτοσαν οἱ κατοικοῦντες αὐτήν· διὰ τοῦτο πτωχοὶ ἔσονται οἱ ἐνοικοῦντες ἐν τῇ γῇ, καὶ καταλειφθήσονται ἄνθρωποι ὀλίγοι.
4
Ἐπένθησεν] aorist of πενθέω, to respond with sadness
ἐφθάρη] fulfils the expectation set up in 24:1.
ὑψηλοὶ] the condemnation (including that of 24:2) is against those with high status
5
καὶ ἡ] ἡ δὲ
ἠνόμησεν] aorist of ἀνομέω. The subject is not personal; it is the land.
παρήλθοσαν] from παρέρχομαι, with B; Rahlfs, Ziegler have παρέβησαν, from παραβαίνω, the more common word for transgressing the law.
ἤλλαξαν] aorist of ἀλλάσσω, change.
διεσκέδασαν] lacking in B (Swete, Ziegler). Not the similarity to the beginning of διαθήκην, which leads me to believe διεσκέδασαν is original, and dropped out because of parablepsis due to homoiarchon. The Hebrew has here הפרו, frustrate, split.
6
ἀρά] not the particle ἄρα, but the noun “curse,” translating אלה.
ἔδεται] future of ἐσθίω
ἡμάρτοσαν] Second aorist third person plural of ἁμαρτάνω (the same ending as on παρήλθοσαν in 24:5).
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Ken M. Penner
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Notes on Isaiah 24:7-10

Post by Ken M. Penner »

135. Cheer has ceased (24:7-10)
7 πενθήσει οἶνος, πενθήσει ἄμπελος, στενάξουσιν πάντες οἱ εὐφραινόμενοι τὴν ψυχήν. 8 πέπαυται εὐφροσύνη τυμπάνων, πέπαυται αὐθάδεια καὶ πλοῦτος ἀσεβῶν, πέπαυται φωνὴ κιθάρας. 9 ᾐσχύνθησαν, οὐκ ἔπιον οἶνον, πικρὸν ἐγένετο τὸ σίκερα τοῖς πίνουσιν. 10 ἠρημώθη ὅλη ἡ γῆ, πᾶσα πόλις κλείσει οἰκίαν τοῦ μὴ εἰσελθεῖν.
7
πενθήσει] the subjects again are impersonal, “wine,” “vine.”
8
εὐφροσύνη] cognate with the verb “cheering” in the preceding verse.
αὐθάδεια] Swete spells it αὐθαδία. Egotism, including arrogance and selfishness.
9
ᾐσχύνθησαν] aorist passive of αἰσχύνω
ἔπιον] in this context, the form must be third person plural.
σίκερα] transliteration of Hebrew שכר, which was an alcoholic drink other than wine. Because the word is transliterated rather than translated into Greek, it is appropriate to do the same in the English translation.
10
ἠρημώθη] recalls the expectation set up by 24:1’s ἐρημώσει αὐτὴν
ὅλη ἡ γῆ] lacking
κλείσει οἰκίαν] the awkwardness of this expression in Greek, comes from the Hebrew, which in the MT is סגר כל בית “close every house.” In G, the “every” is moved to modify “city.”
τοῦ μὴ εἰσελθεῖν] gives the purpose: so that the house cannot be entered.
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Ken M. Penner
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Notes on Isaiah 24:11-15

Post by Ken M. Penner »

136. Remnant cheered by Lord’s glory (24:11-15)
11 Ὀλολύζετε περὶ τοῦ οἴνου πανταχῇ· πέπαυται πᾶσα εὐφροσύνη τῆς γῆς. 12 καὶ καταλειφθήσονται πόλεις ἔρημοι, καὶ οἶκοι ἐγκαταλελειμμένοι ἀπολοῦνται. 13 ταῦτα πάντα ἔσται ἐν τῇ γῇ ἐν μέσῳ τῶν ἐθνῶν, ὃν τρόπον ἐάν τις καλαμᾶται ἐλαίαν, οὕτως καλαμήσονται αὐτούς.

Καὶ ἐὰν παύσηται ὁ τρύγητος, 14 οὗτοι φωνῇ βοήσονται, οἱ δὲ καταλειφθέντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς εὐφρανθήσονται ἅμα τῇ δόξῃ Κυρίου. ταραχθήσεται τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς θαλάσσης· 15 διὰ τοῦτο ἡ δόξα Κυρίου ἐν ταῖς νήσοις ἔσται τῆς θαλάσσης, τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου ἔνδοξον ἔσται.
11
Ὀλολύζετε] changed by cb3 to Ὀλολύζεται, which would than have πᾶσα πόλις as subject.
πανταχῇ] adverb of ubiquity: “everywhere”
πέπαυται] some verbal repetition from 24:8. The perfect tense reflects the Hebrew qatal form.
τῆς γῆς] lacking in B (Rahlfs, Ziegler)
12
καταλειφθήσονται] recalls 24:6. The future form, with καὶ indicates G read ונשׁאר, whereas the MT has only נשׁאר.
καὶ] with Rahlfs, Ziegler; lacking in B
ἐγκαταλελειμμένοι] with Rahlfs, Ziegler; Swete spells it ἐγκαταλελιμμένοι
13
ταῦτα πάντα] referring to all the preceding future clauses.
ἔσται] with Rahlfs, Ziegler; B has ἔσονται
καλαμᾶται] present passive; B (Rahlfs, Ziegler) has the future passive καλαμήσηται. Recalls 3:12, where the addressees were “gleaned.”
Καὶ ἐὰν παύσηται] S begins a new paragraph with these words.
τρύγητος] Swete accents it as τρυγητός
14
φωνῇ βοήσονται] with Rahlfs, Ziegler; B has βοῇ φωνήσουσιν; the meaning is the same.
καταλειφθέντες] recalling the cities in 24:12.
εὐφρανθήσονται] reversing the cessation of cheer in 24:7-10
τῇ δόξῃ] the dative provides the reason for the cheer
ταραχθήσεται τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς θαλάσσης] normally ταράσσω carries an undesriable connotation: that it is stirred up and confused, disturbed, agitated. Since it the sea is experiencing the emotion opposite from the remnant, it seems that in this verse the sea is presented as the enemy of God’s people.
15
διὰ τοῦτο ἡ δόξα Κυρίου ἐν ταῖς νήσοις ἔσται τῆς θαλάσσης] the logical connection created by διὰ τοῦτο makes little sense. Why should the troubling of the sea cause Lord’s glory to be in the sea’s islands? G misunderstood the imperative כבדו “glorify” as a noun “glory,” at least in the first clause of this verse. In the second clause, G has double-translated כבדו, this time with a meaning that better fits the preceding verse: ἔνδοξον ἔσται, “will be glorified.”
Κύριε ὁ θεὸς Ἰσραήλ] Rahlfs puts these words in verse 15; Swete and Ziegler put them in verse 16. In S the paragraph begins before these words, agreeing with Swete and Ziegler.
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Ken M. Penner
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Notes on Isaiah 24:16-18

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137. No escape for the lawless (24:16-18)
16 Κύριε ὁ θεὸς Ἰσραήλ, ἀπὸ τῶν πτερύγων τῆς γῆς τέρατα ἠκούσαμεν Ἐλπὶς τῷ εὐσεβεῖ. καὶ ἐροῦσιν Οὐαὶ τοῖς ἀθετοῦσιν, οἱ ἀθοῦντες τὸν νόμον. 17 φόβος καὶ βόθυνος καὶ παγὶς ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν τῇ γῇ· 18 καὶ ἔσται ὁ φεύγων τὸν φόβον ἐμπεσεῖται εἰς τὸν βόθυνον, ὁ δὲ ἐκβαίνων ἐκ τοῦ βοθύνου ἁλώσεται ὑπὸ τῆς παγίδος, ὅτι θυρίδες ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἠνεῴχθησαν, καὶ σεισθήσεται τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς.
16
Κύριε ὁ θεὸς Ἰσραήλ] Rahlfs puts these words in verse 15; Swete and Ziegler put them in verse 16. In S the paragraph begins before these words, agreeing with Swete and Ziegler.
πτερύγων] “wings” appeared in 6:2
ἀθοῦντες] ἀθετοῦντες
17
ἡμᾶς] B (Rahlfs, Ziegler) has ὑμᾶς
κατοικοῦντας ἐν τῇ γῇ] B (Rahlfs, Ziegler) has ἐνοικοῦντας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς
18
ὁ δὲ] with Rahlfs, Ziegler; B has καὶ ὁ
ἠνεῴχθησαν] with Rahlfs, Ziegler; B has ἀνεῴχθησαν
Reception
The Vulgate version of 24:16, “My secret is for Me and for Mine,” is quoted by Jerome in Ep. 48.13 and Theodoret, in Ecclesiastical History 1.3
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
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Notes on Isaiah 24:19-20

Post by Ken M. Penner »

138. The land troubled by lawlessness (24:19-20)
19 ταράχθῇ ταραχθήσεται ἡ γῆ, καὶ ἀπορίᾳ ἀπορηθήσεται ἡ γῆ· 20 ἔκλινεν καὶ σεισθήσεται ἡ γῆ, ἔκλινεν καὶ σεισθήσεται ὡς ὀπωροφυλάκιον ἡ γῆ ὡς ὁ μεθύων καὶ ὁ κραιπαλῶν καὶ πεσεῖται καὶ οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἀναστῆναι, κατίσχυσεν γὰρ ἐπʼ αὐτῆς ἡ ἀνομία. καὶ πεσεῖται καὶ οὐ μὴ δύνηται στῆναι.
19
ταράχθῇ] B (Rahlfs, Ziegler) has ταραχῇ
20
ἔκλινεν καὶ σεισθήσεται ἡ γῆ, ἔκλινεν] B has ἔκλινεν ὡς ὁ μεθύων καὶ κραιπαλῶν Rahlfs has ἔκλινεν; Ziegler has ἔκλινε;
ὀπωροφυλάκιον] recalls 1:8
ὡς ὁ μεθύων καὶ ὁ κραιπαλῶν καὶ πεσεῖται καὶ οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἀναστῆναι] with Rahlfs, Ziegler; lacking in B
καὶ πεσεῖται καὶ οὐ μὴ δύνηται στῆναι] B has καὶ πεσεῖται καὶ οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἀναστῆναι; lacking in Rahlfs, Ziegler

Reception
The image of the ὀπωροφυλάκιον from 24:20 appears in Testament of Joseph 19.7 in the A text (19.12) (see also Isa 1:8)
Chrysostom, Theod. laps. 1.12 paraphrases 24:19-22.
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Ken M. Penner
Posts: 881
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Notes on Isaiah 24:21-23

Post by Ken M. Penner »

139. Lord will reign in Jerusalem (24:21-23)
21 Καὶ ἐπάξει ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ τὸν κόσμον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὴν χεῖρα καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς· 22 καὶ συνάξουσιν καὶ ἀποκλείσουσιν εἰς ὀχύρωμα καὶ εἰς δεσμωτήριον, διὰ πολλῶν γενεῶν ἐπισκοπὴ ἔσται αὐτῶν. 23 καὶ τακήσεται ἡ πλίνθος, καὶ πεσεῖται τὸ τεῖχος, καὶ ἐντραπήσεται ἡ σελήνη· καὶ αἰσχυνθήσεται ὁ ἥλιος, ὅτι βασιλεύσει Κύριος ἐν Σιὼν καὶ ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ καὶ ἐνώπιον τῶν πρεσβυτέρων δοξασθήσεται.
22
συνάξουσιν] B has συνάξουσιν συναγωγὴν αὐτῆς εἰς δεσμωτήριον
καὶ εἰς δεσμωτήριον] lacking in B
23
καὶ ἐντραπήσεται ἡ σελήνη• καὶ αἰσχυνθήσεται ὁ ἥλιος] lacking
ἐν Σιὼν] with Rahlfs; B has ἐκ Σειὼν; Ziegler has ἐκ Σιων
ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ] B has εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ

Reception
24:21 is used by Jerome, Adv. Pelag. 2.24
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
Ken M. Penner
Posts: 881
Joined: May 12th, 2011, 7:50 am
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Isaiah Chapter 24 translation

Post by Ken M. Penner »

133. Lord will desolate the world (24:1-3)
24.1 Look, Lord is destroying the inhabited world, and will desolate it, and he will uncover its face and scatter all those living in it. 2 And the people will be like the priest, and the servant like the lord, and the maid like the lady, and the buyer will be like the seller; and the lender like the borrower, and the debtor him to whom he owes. 3 The land will be ruined with ruin and the land will be plundered with plundering, for the mouth of Lord has spoken these things.

134. The land acted lawlessly (24:4-6)
4 The land mourned, and the inhabited world was ruined; the exalted of the land mourned. 5 And the land acted lawlessly because of those inhabiting it, because they ignored the law and changed the ordinances, they dissolved an eternal testament. 6 Because of this, a curse will devour the land, because those inhabiting it sinned; because of this, those living in the land will be poor and few people will be left.
135. Cheer has ceased (24:7-10)
7 Wine will mourn; a vine will mourn; all those cheering the soul will groan. 8 The cheer of drums has ceased; the stubbornness and wealth of impious people has ceased; the sound of the lyre has ceased. 9 They were ashamed; they did not drink wine; the sikera became bitter to those drinking it. 10 The whole land is desolated; every city will close a house so as not to enter it.

136. Remnant cheered by Lord’s glory (24:11-15)
11 Wail about the wine everywhere; all the land’s happiness has ceased 12 and deserted cities will be left behind and abandoned houses will be destroyed. 13 All these things will be in the land, in the midst of the nations; in the same way that someone gleans an olive tree, so will they glean them.

And if the harvest has ceased, 14 these people will cry out with their voice, but those left behind on the land will be cheered at the same time by the glory of Lord. The water of the sea will be troubled. 15 Because of this, the glory of Lord will be in the islands of the sea; the name of Lord will be esteemed.

137. No escape for the lawless (24:16-18)
16 O Lord, god of Israel, from the wings of the land we heard wonders: Hope for the pious one! And they will say, Woe to those who reject—you who set aside the law! 17 Fear and pit and trap are upon us who inhabit the land. 18 And this will happen: the one who flees the fear will fall into the pit, and the one who steps out of the pit will be caught by the snare, because windows from the sky were opened, and the foundations of the land were shaken.
138. The land troubled by lawlessness (24:19-20)
19 It has been troubled, the land will be troubled, and the land will be challenged with challenge. 20 The land has tipped and will be shaken; it has tipped and will be shaken like a garden-watcher’s hut, like the one who gets drunk and is inebriated, and it will fall and it will certainly not be able to get up, for lawlessness has prevailed over it, and it will certainly not be able to get up.

139. Lord will reign in Jerusalem (24:21-23)
21 And God will bring his hand upon the order of the sky and upon the kings of the land, 22 and they will gather and shut them up in a fortress and in a prison; their supervision will be for many generations. 23 And the brick will melt away, and the wall will fall, and the moon will feel shame and the sun will be ashamed, because Lord will reign in Sion and in Jerusalem, and he will be held in honour in the presence of the elders.
Ken M. Penner
Professor and Chair of Religious Studies, St. Francis Xavier University
Co-Editor, Digital Biblical Studies
General Editor, Lexham English Septuagint
Co-Editor, Online Critical Pseudepigrapha pseudepigrapha.org
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