A BEGINNING-INTERMEDIATE GRAMMAR OF HELLENISTIC GREEK
Volume I, II, III

Volume I SIGHT AND SOUND, NOMINAL SYSTEM, VERBAL SYSTEM
Volume II SYNTAX
Volume III Appendices, paradigms, index

by Robert W. Funk Second, Corrected Edition

SCHOLARS PRESS
Missoula, Montana


 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
§§   Page
 
  Table of Abbreviations xix-xxii
                 1. New Testament xix
                 2. Apostolic Fathers xix
                 3. Symbols xx
                 4. Modern Literature xxi
  Selected Texts xxiii-xxiv
 
 
VOLUME I
 
  A Personal Word to the Teacher and Student xxv-xxxii
001-020 INTRODUCTION 1-30
001-002       How We Understand Sentences 1-3
003-008       Learning a Language is Learning the Structure Signals 3-14
009-020       The Aims of Descriptive Grammar 14-30
010-014             The Classification of Words and Other Elements 14-20
015-020             Syntactic Relations 20-30
050-086 PART ONE: The Sight and Sound of Greek 31-53
050-052       1. The Alphabet 31-34
055-065       2. Sounds, Breathing, Syllables 35-42
070-077       3. Sight and Sound: Subsidiary Points 43-46
080-086       4. Vowel and Consonant Change 47-53
  PART TWO: The Nominal and Verbal Systems
100-274 I. The Nominal System 55-204
100-115     Introduction 55-77
0103-107           Gender, Number, Case 59-68
108-115           Syntax of the Cases 68-77
120-1240       5. The Article 79-83
125-129       6. The Article as Structure Signal 85-89
130-1341       7. Nouns: First Declension 91-96
135-1392       8. Nouns: Second Declension 97-102
140-1471       9. Prepositions as Structure Signals 103-111
150-1570     10. Nouns: Third Declension 113-121
160-1680     11. Third Declension: Classes 1 and 2 123-130
160-164            Class 1 123-127
165-168            Class 2 127-130
170-176     12. Third Declension: Class 3/Nominal Word Clusters 131-136
170-1730             Class 3 131-134
174-176             Nominal Word Clusters 134-136
180-1900     13. Third Declension: Classes 4 and 5 137-145
181-185             Class 4 137-141
186-1900             Class 5 141-145
195-203     14. Third Declension: Classes 6 and 7 147-155
195-1970             Class 6 147-150
198-203             Class 7 150-155
205-214     15. Vocative, Partial Declension, Noun in Context 157-165
205            Vocative 157-158
206-207            Irregular and Partial Declension 158-159
208-214            Noun in Context 159-165
220-2251     16. Adjectives: Groups I-II 167-172
221-222                   I: Second Declension 167-169
223-225                  II: Second-First Declensions 169-171
230-2370     17. Adjectives: Groups III-V 173-181
230-2320               III: Third-First Declensions 173-176
233-2351               IV: Third Declension 176-178
236-2370                V: Mixed Patterns 178-181
240-2500     18. Comparison of Adjectives/Participles 183-191
240-2451           Comparison of Adjectives 183-186
246-2500           Declension of Participles 186-191
255-274     19. Pronouns and Pronominal Adjectives 193-204
256-2580            Pronouns 193-196
259-274            Pronominal Adjectives 196-204
300-496 II. The Verbal System 205-375
300-3120            Introduction 205-219
304-306            Person, Number, Voice 214
0307-308            Mood 215-216
0309-3120            Tense 216-219
0315-322     20. Personal Endings 221-227
325-330     21. Identifying the Verb: Person and Number 229-232
0335-3500     22. Augment, Reduplication, Tense Suffixes 233-251
0335-3400           Augment 233-239
341-3450           Reduplication 239-245
0346-3500           Tense Suffixes 245-251
355-361     23. Tense Stems 253-257
365-380     24. Indicative Mood: Primary Tenses 259-277
366-3712            Present Indicative 260-269
0372-380            Future Active and Middle 269-277
0385-395     25. Indicative Mood: Primary Tenses 279-287
0385-3880            Perfect Active 279-281
389-3922            Perfect Middle-Passive 282-285
0393-395            Future Passive 285-287
0400-4122     26. Indicative Mood: Secondary Tenses 289-303
400-4050           Imperfect Indicative 289-295
0406-4122           Aorist Active and Middle 295-303
0415-4241     27. Indicative Mood: Secondary Tenses 305-314
0415-418           Pluperfect Active and Middle-Passive 305-308
0419-4241           Aorist Passive 308-314
0430-434     28. Identifying the Verb: Tense 315-326
0440-449     29. Non-Indicative Moods: Subjunctive/Optative 327-337
0440-440           Introduction 327-328
441-444           Subjunctive 328-334
0445-449           Optative 334-337
0455-469     30. Non-Indicative Moods: Imperative/Infinitive/Participle 339-354
0455-4630           Imperative 339-345
464-4662           Infinitive 346-349
0467-469           Participle 349-354
475-496    31. Tense Base Formation 355-375
475-476          Introduction 355-357
477-4782          Tense Stems: Patterns of Formation 357-361
479-487          Present Tense Stem 361-372
488-4940          Other Factors Affecting Tense Stem Formation 372-374
495-496          Type of Inflection and the Organization of the Catalogue of Verbs 374-375
 
 
 
VOLUME II
 
PART THREE: Short Syntax
500-527 I. Sentence Structure 377-394
500-516     32. Sentence Structure: Sentence Types I-IV 377-386
500-503            "Subject" and "Predicate" 377-378
504-506            Sentence Type I 378-379
507            Sentence Type II 379
508            Sentence Type III 380-381
509-510            Sentence Type IV 381-382
511-516            Analysis of Sentence Types 382-386
520-527     33. Sentence Structure: Sentence Types V-VI 387-394
520            Sentence Types V-VI 387
521-522            Sentence Type I 387-390
523-524            Sentence Type VI 390-392
525-527            Statements, Questions, Requests 392-394
530-551 II. The "Subject" 395-418
530-538      34. The "Subject" 395-404
530-532             Relation of "Subject" to Predicate: Voice 395-398
533-538             Formal Signals of the "Subject" 398-404
533             Tie with Verb, Nominative Case 398-400
534             Pronoun Subjects, 1st sg. 400-401
535             Pronoun Subjects, Other 401-402
536             Neuter Plural Subject, Singular Verb 402
537             Two or More Subjects 403
538             Constructed ad sensum 403-404
540-551     35. Words and Word Clusters in the Structure of Subject 405-418
540             Introduction 405
541             Modification Structure 405-406
542             "Subjectless" Sentences 406-407
543-5430             Single Words as Subject 407-408
545             Word Clusters as Subject 409-410
546             Included Sentence as Subject 410
547             Compound and Expanded Subjects 410-411
5470             Other Subject Clusters 411-412
548             Summary 412-413
549             Word Clusters with Noun as Head Term 413-416
550-551             Concord and Types of Modification Structure 416-418
555-608 III. The Predicate 419-473
555-5610       36. The Predicate 419-426
555             Predicate=Verb plus Modifiers 419-420
5550             Analytic Notation 420-421
556-5610             Common Adverbials 421-426
557                   Adverbs 422-423
558                   p-Groups 423
559                   Noun Clusters 423-424
560                   Combinations 424-425
561-5610                   Participles 425-426
565-576      37. Verb Chains 427-438
565-5660             Introduction 427-430
567-570             Catenatives: Group I 430-433
567             "Auxiliary" Verbs 430-431
568             Periphrasis with εἰμί 431-432
569             Periphrasis with μέλλω 432
570             Periphrasis with ἄρχομαι 432-433
571-573             Catenative Verb Not Lexically Empty 433-435
574-576                   Catenatives: Group II 435-438
574-575                   Infinitive of Purpose with Intransitive Verb 435-437
576                   Summary 437-438
580-585    38. Verb Chains 439-452
580-582           Catenatives: Group III 439-443
580                   Transitive Verbs Chaining with an Infinitive 439-441
581                   θέλω as Catenative 441-443
582                   Verb Chains: Group III 443
583                   Catenatives: Group IV 444-446
584                   Catenatives: Group V 446-448
585                   Catenatives: Group VI 448-452
590-597    39. Variation on Constituent Elements: Sentence Type III 453-464
590           Basic S-III 453
591-593           Verbs Taking a Dative Object 453-458
594-596           Verbs Taking a Genitive Object 459-464
597           Summary 464
600-608     40. Variation on Constituent Elements: Sentence Type IV 465-473
600           Basic S-IV 465
601           The Direct Object in S-IV 465-466
602           The Indirect Object in S-IV 467-470
603           Summary 470
604-608           The Deletion of Constituent Elements 470-473
610-674 IV. Function Words 475-526
610-617      41. Function Words 475-484
610-612            Classification of Function Words 475-476
613-617            Negatives 476-484
613-614                    οὐ, μή and Compounds 476-477
615                   οὐ, μή Negating Verb 477-479
616                   οὐ, μή Negating Other Elements 479
617                   Negatives as Structure 479-484
                    Signaling Devices
620-628       42. Conjunctions 485-495
620            Function of Conjunctions 485
621-623            καί 485-490
621                   καί as Conjunction 485-489
622                   καί . . . καί 489-490
                  623                   Other uses of καί 490
624            τέ 490-491
625            Combination of τέ and καί 491-492
626            ἤ 492-493
627-628            ἀλλά 494-495
630-635     43. Sentence Connectors 497-502
630-631            Function of Sentence Connectors 497
632            δέ 497-498
633            γάρ 498-499
634            οὖν 499-500
635            Other Uses of δέ 500-502
640-644       44. Subordinators and Subordination 503-508
640-641              Subordination 503-504
642              Types of Subordinators 504-505
643-644              Types of Subordination 505-508
645-662       45. Subordinators ὅτι and ἵνα 509-518
645-653              ὅτι 509-513
645                   Functions of ὅτι 509
646                   Subject Clauses with ὅτι 509
647-650                   Object Clauses with ὅτι 509-511
651                   ὅτι as Causal Subordinator 511-512
652                   Appositional Clauses with ὅτι 512-513
653                   Summary 513
654-662              ἵνα 513-518
654-655                   Functions of ἵνα 513-514
656-658                   Purpose Clauses with ἵνα 514-516
659                   Object Clauses with ἵνα 516-517
660-662                   Other Clauses with ἵνα 517-518
665-6740      46. Relative Clauses 519-526
665            Relative Subordinators 519
666-667            Function of Relative Clauses 519-520
668-669            Adjectival Clauses 520-522
670            Attraction 522-523
671            ὅστις 523
672            Adjectival Clause/Articular 523-524
             Participle
673            Substantive Clauses 524-525
674            Adverbial Clauses 525-526
6740            Relative Pronoun with ἄν 526
680-779 V. Nominal Word Clusters 527-610
680-690      47. Nominal Word Clusters: Modification Structure 527-540
680            Basic Syntax: Level Two 527
681-685            Modification Structure 527-534
686-690            Simple Nominal Word Clusters 534-540
686-6870            With Noun as Head Term 534-537
688-690            With Nominal Elements as Head Term 537-540
695-706      48. Complex Nominal Word Clusters 541-554
695-6990            Complex Clusters with a Noun as Head Term 541-549
696-6980                 Noun Clusters with an Attributive Genitive 543-547
699-6990                 Noun Clusters with an Attributive p-Cluster 547-549
700-703            Complex Clusters with an Adjective as Head Term 550-552
704-706            Complex Clusters with a Pronominal Adjective as Head Term 552-554
0710-722      49. Determiners 555-566
0710            Introduction 555
710-7160            The Article 555-560
719-722            Αὐτός 561-566
0725-734      50. Demonstratives: Οὗτος, Ἐκεῖνος 567-575
0725-728            Uses of the Demonstratives 567-570
729-731            Demonstratives in Simple Word Clusters 570-573
732            Demonstratives in Complex Word Clusters 573-574
733            As an Independent Grammatical Item 574-575
734            With Prepositions 575
740-749      51. Πᾶς 577-584
740            Introduction 577
741-745            Πᾶς in Simple Word Clusters 577-580
746            Πᾶς Used Alone 580-581
747            Πᾶς with Articular Participle 581-582
748            Πᾶς in Complex Word Clusters 582-583
749            Πᾶς with Negative 584
750-767      52. Other Determiners 585-595
750-753            Ἕκαστος 585-588
0755-760            Ἄλλος and Ἕτερος 588-592
0765-767            Τις 593-595
0770-779      53. The Participle in Nominal Word Word Clusters 597-610
0770-770            Functions of Participles 597-598
771-779            The Attributive Participle in Nominal Word Clusters 598-610
771                 Introduction 598-599
772                 Types of Clusters 599-600
773                 The Attributive Participle and the Relative Clause 600-601
774                 n-Clusters with a Participle 601-603
0775-777                 g-Clusters 603-606
778                 g-Clusters as Constituent Elements in the Sentence 607-608
779                 Levels of Complexity 608-610
0780-821 VI. The Verb: Tense-Aspect/Mood/Infinitive 611-665
0780-7880      54. The Verb: Tense-Aspect 611-621
0780            Tense in English and Greek 611
780            Present/Past/Perfect 611-612
781-785            The Present Tense 612-618
786-7860            Present/Past 618-619
787-7880            The Aorist Tense 619-621
0790-801      55. The Verb: Tense-Aspect 623-635
0790-792            The Imperfect 623-626
793            The Perfect Tenses 626-629
794-7990            The Perfect Indicative 629-633
800            The Pluperfect 633-634
801            The Future 634-635
805-821      56. The Verb: Subjunctive, Imperative and Optative 637-653
805-807            Introduction 637-640
808-816            Commands and Petitions 640-647
808-8090            Tense-Aspect 640-641
810            Prohibitions 641-642
811-814            The Present and Aorist Imperatives 642-645
815            Other Ways of Expressing Commands 646-647
816            Person 647

           The Subjunctive 647-651
817            Introduction 647
818            The Futuristic Subjunctive 648
819            The Hortatory Subjunctive 648-649
820            The Deliberative Subjunctive 649-650
821            Introductory Words 650-651
822            The Optative 651-653
0830-838      57. The Infinitive: Range of Functions 655-665
0830-8310            Introduction 655-657
832            The Infinitive as Subject (Object) 657-658
0833-835            Variations on the Simple Infinitive in Verb Chains 658-662
836            The Infinitive as Adverbial Clause 662-663
837            The Explanatory (Epexegetical) Infinitive 663-665
838            The Infinitive Absolute 665
0845-881 VII. Adverbial Clauses 667-708
0845-849      58. The Circumstantial (Adverbial) Participle 667-677
0845-845            Introduction 667-669
846-8460            The Circumstantial Participle as the Equivalent of an Adverbial Clause 669-673
847-8470            Genitive Absolute 673-675
8471            Nominative Absolute 675
848            The Circumstantial Participle with Verbs of Saying 675
849            Present and Aorist Participles: 'Tense' 675-677
855-861     59. Conditional Sentences 679-688
855            Introduction 679
856            First Class Condition 680-681
857            Second Class Condition 681-683
858            Third Class Condition 683-685
859            Fourth Class Condition 685
8590            Concessive Clauses 685-686
860            Equivalents of the Conditional Clause 686-687
861            Key for Identifying Conditional Sentences 687-688
0865-873     60. Comparative and Temporal Clauses 689-700
0865-866            ὡς as Subordinator 689-692
0867-8670            Comparative Clauses 692-694
0868-873            Temporal Clauses 694-700
0875-881      61. Local, Causal, Final and Consecutive Clauses 701-708
0875-876            Local Clauses 701-703
0877-8770            Causal Clauses 703
0878-879            Final (Purpose) Clauses 704-706
0880-881            Consecutive (Result) Clauses 706-708
0885-894 VIII. The Cases 709-726
0885-894      62. The Cases 709-726
885-886            Nominative 709-710
0887-887            Vocative 710-711
0888-890            Genitive 711-717
0891-893            Dative 718-723
0894-894            Accusative 724-726
 
  VOLUME I I I
900-933       Appendix I: Phonetic Change 1-22
        Appendix II: Nominal System: Catalogue 23-53
             A. Nouns 25-43
             B. Adjectives 45-50
             C. Pronouns and Pronominal Adjectives 51-53
       Appendix III: Verbal System: Catalogue 55-130
             Class I: Present Base = Verb Base 63-100
             Class II: -πτω Verbs 101-102
             Class III: Iota Class 103-119
             Class IV: ν Class 121-125
             Class V: -σκω Verbs 127-128
             Class VI: Mixed Class 129-130
       Appendix IV: Parsing Code 131-132
       Appendix V: Paradigms 133-140
              1. The Article (§121) 133
              2. τίς, τί (§151) 133
              3. πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν (§231) 134
              4. Personal Pronouns (§256) 134
              5. Structure of the Verb System (§303) 135-136
              6. Primary Personal Endings (§318) 137
              7. Secondary Personal Endings (§319) 137
              8. Inflectional Categories in the Verb System (§4750) 138
              9. εἰμί 139
                        Present Tense (§371)
                        Imperfect Tense (§405)
                        Future Tense (§378)
            10. Key for Identifying the Verb (§431) 139-140
       Indices
                        Subject Index 141-158
                        Greek Index 159-184