Appendix V:
Paradigms
Paradigms which must be committed to memory and other materials
which need to be consulted frequently are reproduced here for
convenience. §§ refer to the sections of the Grammar where they are
first presented and discussed.
1. The Article (§121)
|
Singular |
|
Plural |
|
Masc. |
Fem. |
Neut. |
|
Masc. |
Fem. |
Neut. |
|
Nom. |
ὁ |
ἡ |
τό |
|
οἱ |
αἱ |
τά |
Gen. |
τοῦ |
τῆς |
τοῦ |
|
τῶν |
τῶν |
τῶν |
Dat. |
τῷ |
τῇ |
τῳ |
|
τοῖς |
ταίς |
τοῖς |
Acc. |
τόν |
τήν |
τό |
|
τούς |
τάς |
τά |
2. τίς, τί (§151)
|
Singular |
|
Plural |
|
Masc.-Fem. |
Neut |
Masc.-Fem. |
Neut |
Nom. |
τί ς |
τί |
τίν ες |
τίν α |
Gen. |
τίν ος |
τίν ος |
τίν ων |
τίν ων |
Dat. |
τίν ι |
τίν ι |
τί σι(ν) |
τί σι(ν) |
Acc. |
τίν α |
τί |
τίν ας |
τίν α |
3. πᾶς, πᾶσα, πάν (§231)
|
|
Singular |
|
M |
F |
N |
N |
πᾶς |
πᾶσα |
πᾶν |
|
G |
παντός |
πάσης |
παντός |
D |
παντί |
πάση |
παντί |
A |
πάντα |
πᾶσαν |
πᾶν |
|
|
|
Plural |
N |
πάντες |
πᾶσαι |
πάντα |
G |
πάντων |
πασῶν |
πάντων |
D |
πᾶσι (ν) |
πάσαις |
πᾶσι (ν) |
A |
πάντας |
πάσας |
πάντα |
4. Personal Pronouns (§256)
|
First Person |
Second Person |
|
First Person |
Second Person |
N |
ἐγώ [cf. ego] |
σύ |
|
ἡμεῖς |
ὑμεῖς |
G |
ἐμοῦ, μου |
σοῦ, σου |
|
ἡμῶν |
ὑμῶν |
D |
ἐμοί, μοι |
σοί, σοι |
|
ἡμῖν |
ὑμῖν |
A |
ἐμέ, με |
σέ, σε |
|
ἡμᾶς |
ὑμᾶς |
5. Structure of the Verb System (§303)
135
Principal
Parts
I. Present
II. Future
III. Aorist
ACTIVE VOICE
Indicative
Subjunctive
Optative
Imperative
Infinitive
Participle
λύω
λύω
λύοιμι
λθε
λύει,ν
λύων, -ούσα, -ον
λύσω
(λύσοί-μι)
λύσει,ν
λύσων, -ούσα, -ον
£λυσα
λύσω
λύσαιμι
λ Οσον
λΟσαι.
λύσας, -ασα, -αν
MIDDLE VOICE
Indicative
λύομαι
λύσομαι
έλυσάμην
Subjunctive
λύωμαι
--------
λύσωμαι
Optative
λυούμην
(λυσοίμην)
λυσαΰμην
Imperative
λύου
--------
λΟσαι
Infinitive
λύεσθαι
λύσεσθαι
λύσασθαι.
Participle
λυόμενος, -τι, -ον
λυσόμενος, -η, -ον
λυσάμενος, -η, -ον
PASSIVE VOICE
Indicative
Same as Middle
See Sixth
See Sixth
Subjunctive
Principal Part
Principal Part
Optative
Imperative
Infinitive
Participle
TENSES FORMED ON
THE SAME STEM
Indicative
Imperfect
Active
δλυον
Middle and Pass.
έλυόμην
136
(continued)
Principal
Parts
IV. Perfect
Active
V. Perfect Middle
and Passive
VI. Aorist Passive
ACTIVE VOICE
Indicative
Subjunctive
Optative
Imperative
Infinitive
Participle
λέλυκα
λελυκώς &
(λελυκώς εΕην)
(λέλυκε, λελυκώς
λελυκένοα
λελυκώς, -υϊα, -ός
MIDDLE VOICE
Indicative
Subjunctive
Optative
Imperative
Infinitive
Participle
See Fifth
Principal Part
λέλυμαι
λελυμένος S>
(λελυμένος εΓην)
λέλυσο
λελύσθαι.
λελυμένος, -η, -ον
PASSIVE VOICE
Indicative
Subjunctive
Optative
Imperative
Infinitive
Participle
See Fifth
Principal Part
Same as Middle
έλύθην
λυθώ
λυθείην
λύθητι.
λυθή"ναι
λυθείς, -εϋσα, -έν
Indicative
Infinitive
Participle
Pluperfect:
(έ)λελύκειν
Future Perfect:
λελυκώς {σομαι
λελύσομαι
Pluperfect:
(έ)λελύμην
(active)
(passive)
Future Passive:
λυθήσομαι
(λυθήσεσθαι.)
λυθησόμενος, -η,
-ον
137
6. Primary Personal Endings (§318)
Active Voice
Middle-Passive Voice
1.
-ω or -μι
1.
-μα ι.
2.
-c
2.
-ij : σαι
3.
-#(v) or -σι
(ν)
3.
-ται
1.
-μεν
1.
-μεθά
2.
-τε
2.
-σθε
3.
-ουσι(ν) or
-ασι(ν)
3.
-νται
Singular
Plural
N.I. # indicates no ending, called a zero form
N.2. (v) indicates v-movable: §321
7. Secondary Personal Endings (§319)
Active Voice
Singular 1.
-v or #
2.
-c
3.
-#(v)
Plural 1.
-μεν
2.
-τε
3.
-ν or -σαν
Middle-Passive Voice
1.
-μην
2.
-ου : σο
3.
-το
1.
-μεθά
2.
-σθε
3.
-ντο
N.I. # indicates no ending, called a zero form
N.2. (v) indicates v-movable: §321
138
8. Inflectional Categories in the Verb System
(Indicative Mood) (§4750)
I. Present
II. Future
Present active/middle-passive
1. ω-verbs uncontracted (§§367-3670)
2. ω-verbs contracted (§§368-3691)
3. μι,-verbs (§§370-3712)
Imperfect active/middle-passive
1. ω-verbs uncontracted (§§401-4010)
2. ω-verbs contracted (§§402-4031)
3. ui-verbs (§§404-4050)
Future active/middle
1. regular (§§373-3750)
2. liquid (§§376, 377)
-ί£ω verbs (§3760)
3. Doric (§3761)
4. Without tense
formant (§3763)
III. Aorist
IV. Perfect
Aorist active/middle
1. second aorist (§§407-4070)
2. first aorist (§§408-409)
3. liquid aorists (§410)
4. 'root1 aorists (§411)
5. κ-aorists (§§412-4121)
6. mixed (§4122)
V. Perfect middle-passive
Perfect active
1. first perfect
(§§385, 386-3860)
2. second perfect
(§§3850, 387-3880)
Pluperfect active
1. first pluperfect
(§§415-4150)
2. second pluperfect
(§§415-4150)
VI. Aorist passive
Perfect middle-passive
(§§389-3922)
Pluperfect middle-passive
(§§416-418)
Aorist passive
1. first aorist passive
(§§421-422)
2. second aorist passive
(§§423-4241)
Future passive
1. first future passive
(§§393-3940)
2. second future passive
(§§393-3940)
οίδα
(εϋσομαι)
(ot6-, ]J«~i6-: cf. δράω)
(προ-, συν-)
(Β ) δράω δψομαι ώψάμην θώρακα ώφθην
(δπτάνομαι) 1εϋδον<' (έόρακα)
a-, δπ-, *£"ι δ-)
(άφ-, έν-, έψ-, καθ-, παρ-, προ-, συν-, Οπερ-)
7 3 2
t πάσχω παθεΰται δπαθον πέπονθα
(παθ-, πονθ-) [3.sg]
(προ-, συμ-)
(Α.)1·πίνω πίομαι ίπιον πέπωκα -επόθην
(πι-, πω-, πο-)
(κατά-, συν-)
τρέχω δδραμον
(τρεχ-, δραμ-)
(άνα-, άπο-, είσ-, έπ-ανα-, έπι-συν-, κατά-, περί.-, προ-, προσ-, συν-, ύπο-)
Β2) tφέpω οίσω Γβήνεγκα ' -ενήνοχα ήνέχθην
(φερ-, oC-, ένεκ-)
(άνα-, άπο-, δια-, είσ-, έκ-, έπι-, κατά-, μετά-, παρά-, παρ-εισ-, παρ-εκ-,
περί-, προ-, προσ-, συμ-, ύπο-)
APPENDICES IV/V
PARSING CODE
PARADIGMS
Pp. 131-140
Appendix IV: Parsing Code
PARSING CODE
1. Cuts:
/ marks the limits of primary words and word groups in S
// stands between words and word groups in apposition
1 marks a secondary cut
/ marks a tertiary cut
() encloses conjunctions
[] encloses sentence connectors
■* = goes with, modifies
2. Arabic numbers: An arabic number is set over the word or head
term of the subject, main (finite) verb, and each unit of the pred-
icate, as follows:
1 = word or word group in the structure of subject
2 = main (finite) verb
3 = in predicate: word or word group with head term in
nominative case
4 = in predicate: word or word group with head term in
accusative case
5 = in predicate: word or word group with head term in
dative case
6 = in predicate: word or word group with head term in
genitive case
In addition,
A = in predicate: any adverb not included in another word
group; a word cluster headed by an adverb
i = in predicate: any infinitive not included in another
word group; a word group headed by an infinitive
S (s) = in predicate: any included independent (dependent)
sentence
ρ = prefixed to any word or word group initiated by a
preposition
3. Parts of speech: Lower case letters are used to designate
parts of speech (except for adverbs: upper case):
b = pronoun
d = pronominal adjective
η = noun
a = adjective
131
132 PARSING CODE
g = participle
i = infinitive
ρ = preposition
A = adverb
A plus sign is added to the basic designation for word clusters
headed by a part of speech.
+ = word cluster (e.g. 4n+, 5g+)
4. In the analysis of nominal word clusters,
t = the article in any gender, number, case
5. Adverbs, negatives, conjunctions and particles:
A = adverb
Ν = negative particle
Β = subordinator
C = conjunction
D = connector
Q = question signaling words and word groups
W = wish signaling words and word groups
Ε = exclamation signaling words and word groups
Η = nuance words, sentence modalizers
I = attention getters
6. Additional designations:
Sentence types are marked with roman numerals
Ρ = the passive form of a sentence type, e.g. HIP
Τ = the transformation
a = comparative degree of an adjective
Appendix V: Paradigms
Paradigms which must be committed to memory and other
materials which need to be consulted frequently are reproduced
here for convenience. §§ refer to the sections of the Grammar
where they are first presented and discussed.
1. The Article (§121)
Singular
Plural
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
Nom.
6
ή
τ 6
οΐ
at
τ
ά
Gen.
τ οϋ
τ ης
τ οϋ
τ
ων
τ ων
τ
ων
Dat.
τ φ
τ fj
τ φ
τ
οϊς
τ αϊς
τ
οϊς
Ace.
τ όν
τ ή"ν
τ 6
τ
ούς
τ άς
τ
ά
2. τίς, τί (§151)
Singular
Plural
Masc.
-Fem.
Neut.
Masc
.-Fem.
Neut.
Nom.
τί
ς
τί
τίν
ες
τίν α
Gen.
τίν
ος
τίν ος
τίν
ων
τίν ων
Dat.
τίν
ι
τίν ι
τί
σι (ν)
τί σι(ν)
Ace.
τίν
α
τί
τίν
ας
τίν α
133
134
3. πας, π&σα, πάν (§231)
Singular
Μ
F
Ν
Ν
πας
πασά
παν
G
παντός
πάσης
παντός
D
παντί
πάση
παντί
Α
πάντα
π&σαν
παν
Plural
Ν
πάντες
πασαι
πάντα
G
πάντων
πασών
πάντων
D
πασι. (ν)
πάσα ι, ς
πασι(ν)
Α
πάντας
πάσας
πάντα
4. Personal Pronouns (§256)
Singular
Plural
First Person Second Person First Person
Ν έγώ [cf. ego] σύ ήμεϊς
G έμοΰ, μου σοΰ, σου ήμων
D έμοί, μοι. σοί, σοι ήμϊν
Α έμέ, με σέ, σε ήμας
Second Person
ύμεϋς
ύμων
ύμΰν
ύμας
5. Structure of the Verb System (§303)
135
Principal
Parts
I. Present
II. Future
III. Aorist
ACTIVE VOICE
Indicative
Subjunctive
Optative
Imperative
Infinitive
Participle
λύω
λύω
λύοιμι
λθε
λύει,ν
λύων, -ούσα, -ον
λύσω
(λύσοί-μι)
λύσει,ν
λύσων, -ούσα, -ον
£λυσα
λύσω
λύσαιμι
λ Οσον
λΟσαι.
λύσας, -ασα, -αν
MIDDLE VOICE
Indicative
λύομαι
λύσομαι
έλυσάμην
Subjunctive
λύωμαι
--------
λύσωμαι
Optative
λυούμην
(λυσοίμην)
λυσαΰμην
Imperative
λύου
--------
λΟσαι
Infinitive
λύεσθαι
λύσεσθαι
λύσασθαι.
Participle
λυόμενος, -τι, -ον
λυσόμενος, -η, -ον
λυσάμενος, -η, -ον
PASSIVE VOICE
Indicative
Same as Middle
See Sixth
See Sixth
Subjunctive
Principal Part
Principal Part
Optative
Imperative
Infinitive
Participle
TENSES FORMED ON
THE SAME STEM
Indicative
Imperfect
Active
δλυον
Middle and Pass.
έλυόμην
136
(continued)
Principal
Parts
IV. Perfect
Active
V. Perfect Middle
and Passive
VI. Aorist Passive
ACTIVE VOICE
Indicative
Subjunctive
Optative
Imperative
Infinitive
Participle
λέλυκα
λελυκώς &
(λελυκώς εΕην)
(λέλυκε, λελυκώς
λελυκένοα
λελυκώς, -υϊα, -ός
MIDDLE VOICE
Indicative
Subjunctive
Optative
Imperative
Infinitive
Participle
See Fifth
Principal Part
λέλυμαι
λελυμένος S>
(λελυμένος εΓην)
λέλυσο
λελύσθαι.
λελυμένος, -η, -ον
PASSIVE VOICE
Indicative
Subjunctive
Optative
Imperative
Infinitive
Participle
See Fifth
Principal Part
Same as Middle
έλύθην
λυθώ
λυθείην
λύθητι.
λυθή"ναι
λυθείς, -εϋσα, -έν
Indicative
Infinitive
Participle
Pluperfect:
(έ)λελύκειν
Future Perfect:
λελυκώς {σομαι
λελύσομαι
Pluperfect:
(έ)λελύμην
(active)
(passive)
Future Passive:
λυθήσομαι
(λυθήσεσθαι.)
λυθησόμενος, -η,
-ον
137
6. Primary Personal Endings (§318)
Active Voice
Middle-Passive Voice
1.
-ω or -μι
1.
-μα ι.
2.
-c
2.
-ij : σαι
3.
-#(v) or -σι
(ν)
3.
-ται
1.
-μεν
1.
-μεθά
2.
-τε
2.
-σθε
3.
-ουσι(ν) or
-ασι(ν)
3.
-νται
Singular
Plural
N.I. # indicates no ending, called a zero form
N.2. (v) indicates v-movable: §321
7. Secondary Personal Endings (§319)
Active Voice
Singular 1.
-v or #
2.
-c
3.
-#(v)
Plural 1.
-μεν
2.
-τε
3.
-ν or -σαν
Middle-Passive Voice
1.
-μην
2.
-ου : σο
3.
-το
1.
-μεθά
2.
-σθε
3.
-ντο
N.I. # indicates no ending, called a zero form
N.2. (v) indicates v-movable: §321
138
8. Inflectional Categories in the Verb System
(Indicative Mood) (§4750)
I. Present
II. Future
Present active/middle-passive
1. ω-verbs uncontracted (§§367-3670)
2. ω-verbs contracted (§§368-3691)
3. μι,-verbs (§§370-3712)
Imperfect active/middle-passive
1. ω-verbs uncontracted (§§401-4010)
2. ω-verbs contracted (§§402-4031)
3. ui-verbs (§§404-4050)
Future active/middle
1. regular (§§373-3750)
2. liquid (§§376, 377)
-ί£ω verbs (§3760)
3. Doric (§3761)
4. Without tense
formant (§3763)
III. Aorist
IV. Perfect
Aorist active/middle
1. second aorist (§§407-4070)
2. first aorist (§§408-409)
3. liquid aorists (§410)
4. 'root1 aorists (§411)
5. κ-aorists (§§412-4121)
6. mixed (§4122)
V. Perfect middle-passive
Perfect active
1. first perfect
(§§385, 386-3860)
2. second perfect
(§§3850, 387-3880)
Pluperfect active
1. first pluperfect
(§§415-4150)
2. second pluperfect
(§§415-4150)
VI. Aorist passive
Perfect middle-passive
(§§389-3922)
Pluperfect middle-passive
(§§416-418)
Aorist passive
1. first aorist passive
(§§421-422)
2. second aorist passive
(§§423-4241)
Future passive
1. first future passive
(§§393-3940)
2. second future passive
(§§393-3940)
139
9. etui
Present Tense (§371)
Sg. 1. etui PI. 1. έσμέν
2. el 2. έστέ
3. εστί(ν) 3. etai(v)
Imperfect Tense (§405)
Sg. 1. ήμην PI. 1. fjuev, ήμεθα
2. ?ic, ήσθα 2. f)xe
3. fiv 3. fjoav
Future Tense (§378)
Sg. 1. δσομαυ PI. 1. έσόμεθα
2. ficnj 2. δσεσθε
3. δσται 3. ίσονται
10. Key for Identifying the Verb (§431)
431. The key for verb identification covers the subjunctive,
optative, infinitive, and participle, as well as the indicative
mood.
Prefixes
431.1 Augment: if the verb shows augment, it must be aorist,
imperfect, or pluperfect (in the order of frequency; the augment
is usually omitted with the pluperfect in the New Testament).
§§0335-3400.
4 31.11 Present tense stem augmented and secondary endings:
imperfect.
431.12 Aorist tense stem augmented: second aorist indicative
431.121 First will have -σα as suffix
140
431.13 Pluperfect will have reduplicated stem
431.2 Re duplication ζ if the verb stem is reduplicated, the
form will most often be perfect (or pluperfect). §§341-3450.
431.20 There are reduplicated stems in the present and aorist
tenses also (§345)
Suffixes
431.3 Tense suffixes
431.31 σ added to present stem: future
431.32 σα added to aorist stem: first aorist
431.33 κα added to verb stem, either first perfect or aorist
of μι-verbs
431.34 θη (η) added to aorist passive stem: aorist passive
431.35 θησ (ησ) added to aorist passive stem: future passive
431.4 Mood suffixes
431.41 Lengthened thematic vowel (ω/η): subjunctive
431.42 in in place of thematic vowel: optative
431.43 Thematic vowel plus ι: optative
431.5 Other suffixes
431.51 -ειν or -αι attached to the tense stem: infinitive
431.52 -ντ-, -οτ-, -μενο- as part of the suffix: participle
Note: The nominative singulars of participles are
the exception.