At 12:26 PM -0600 12/31/97, David L. Moore wrote: > > The formal quote of 1 Enoch in Jude 14 does suggest that the >teaching of at least some portions of the former were well regarded in >apostolic circles. This is, I think, definitely not an appropriate topic for discussion on B-Greek, but I would be happy to learn (OFF-LIST) of ideas regarding the authority-status of non-canonical books cited as authorities by canonical writers. For instance, David has observed, quite reasonably, that the author of Jude must have held 1 Enoch as in some sense "inspired." Just what might that mean? I do think that the use of these words, TARTAROS and hADHS raise very interesting questions about "authorial intent" and the extent to which traditional Greek conceptions of the underworld were shared by NT authors who used them. Certainly I'd be very wary of making any rigid assertions about what the authors did or did not mean, but I'm reminded of a statement by a bishop of the Church of India that "Christianity is a pot plant that will develop different growth habits in different soils and climates." I think that what Louw and Nida offer on hADHS is very carefully formulated, but it doesn't completely resolve the questions presented by the word: Geneva1.19 hADHS, OU Genevam:Geneva a place or abode of the dead, including both the righteous and the unrighteous (in most contexts hADHS Geneva is equivalent to the Hebrew term Sheol) - 'the world of the dead, Hades.' 'he was not abandoned in the world of the dead' Ac 2:31. There are several problems involved in rendering hADHS Geneva as 'world of the dead,' since in some languages this may be interpreted as suggesting that there are two different earths, one for the living and another for the dead. In such cases, hADHS Geneva may be more satisfactorily rendered as 'where the dead are' or 'where the dead remain.' 12.50 PULAI hADOUGeneva: (an idiom, literally 'gates of Hades') death as an impersonal supernatural power - 'death.' Helenapu/lai aâödou ouj katiscu/sousin aujthv§ Geneva'the gates of Hades will not prevail against it' or 'death will never be able to overcome it' Mt 16:18. Some scholars, however, understand PULAI hADOU Genevato mean Satanic powers of evil. Carl W. Conrad Department of Classics/Washington University One Brookings Drive/St. Louis, MO, USA 63130/(314) 935-4018 Home: 7222 Colgate Ave./St. Louis, MO 63130/(314) 726-5649 cwconrad@artsci.wustl.edu OR cconrad@yancey.main.nc.us WWW: http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~cwconrad/