Dear Richard, Eric and B-greekers, Both of you have begun your translations of Ignatius' salutation with << Ignatius and Theophorus, >> as if "Ignatius" and "Theophoros" were two distinct individuals. QEOFOROS is, in fact, a nickname which IGNATIOS has given himself. That this is the case is made clear by the structure of the Greek: IGNATIOS, hO KAI QEOFOROS The presence of the definite article shows that QEOFOROS is in apposition to IGNATIOS. It should be rendered into English as follows: "Ignatius, who is also called God-bearer..." Compare the greetings in Paul's letters where he mentions a co-sender ( I Cor, II Cor, Phil, Col, I Thes, II Thes, Phm). The form of the sender in I Cor, II Cor, Col, and Phm is: pr noun-app-conj-pr noun-art-app In I Thes and II Thes it's: pr noun-conj-pr noun-conj-pr noun And in Phil it's: pr noun-conj-pr noun-app Whereas in IgEph (and all his letters) it's: pr noun-art-conj-app The presence of the article in the Pauline examples always indicates a noun in apposition to the second sender, never an additional sender. And so it is with Ignatius. The KAI does not join an additional sender to IGNATIOS but serves to intensify or emphasize the appositional constituent, as the translation above demonstrates. If Ignatius had meant to indicate and additional sender, he would have omitted the article altogether, thus: IGNATIOS KAI QEOFOROS Cf. BDAG, KAI 2h and Lake's translation in Loeb. Yours in His grace, Richard Ghilardi -- qodeshlayhvh@juno.com New Haven, CT USA Nibai kaurno hwaiteis gadriusando in airtha gaswiltith, silbo ainata aflifnith: ith jabai gaswiltith, manag akran bairith. --- B-Greek home page: http://metalab.unc.edu/bgreek You are currently subscribed to b-greek as: [jwrobie@mindspring.com] To unsubscribe, forward this message to leave-b-greek-327Q@franklin.oit.unc.edu To subscribe, send a message to subscribe-b-greek@franklin.oit.unc.edu