Falcate or Seculate.   Sickle-shaped


False Veins.   Small vein-like areas of thick-walled cells in the leaves of some lower vascular plants


Farinaceous.   Mealy


Fasciated.   Unnaturally and often monstrously connate or adnate, the coalesced parts often unnaturally proliferated in size and/ or number; e.g., inflorescence of Celosia


Fascicle.   Cluster of needles borne on a minute determinate short shoot in the axil of a primary leaf (bract); e.g. Pinus. Fascicle Sheath - Closely imbricated bud scales at the base of the fascicle of needles; e.g., Pinus


Fascicled.   Fleshy or tuberous roots in a cluster


Fasciculate.   Leaves or other structures in a cluster from a common point


Fastigiate.   Strictly erect and parallel


Faucal Area.   The throat area


Female, Carpellate, or Pistillate.   Plant with pistillate flowers only


Fetid.   Having an unpleasant, rotten odor


Fenestrate.   With windowlike holes through the leaves or other structures


Fibonacci Phyllotaxis.   A fundamental type of leaf arrangement expressed as a fraction in which each succeeding fraction is the sum of the two previous numerators and the sum of the two previous denominators, i.e., 1/2, 1/3, 2/5, 3/8, 5/13, 8/ 21, etc. The numerator represents the number of turns or spirals around a stem before one leaf is directly above another and the denominator represents the number of leaves in the turns or spirals before one is directly above the other. 2/5 phyllotaxy would mean two twists and five leaves before one leaf is directly above the other or an angle of divergence of 144 between succeeding leaves in the stem (2/5 of 360 ).According to Leppik anthotaxis and semataxis do not necessarily follow the same pattern, with anthotaxis in Michelia cited as being in 2/7, 3/7, 3/8, and 4/10 systems of arrangement.


Fibrous.   With fine, threadlike or slender roots or fibers


Filament.   Stamen stalk


or Filiferous.  Filamentose or Filiferous With coarse marginal fibers or threads


Filantherous or Typical.   Stamen with distinct anther and filament with or without thecal appendages, as in Rhexia or Vaccinium


Filiform.   Threadlike, usually flexuous


Fimbriate.   Margins fringed


Fimbriolate.   Minutely fimbriate


Fistulose.   Hollow, as without pith


Flabellate.   Fan-shaped branching


Flabelliform.   Fan-shaped


Flaccid.   Lax and weak


Flagellate.   Bearing flagella, whip-like strands or organs


Fleshy.   Succulent roots


Flexuous.   With a series of long or open vertical curves at right angles to the central axis


Floating.   Upon the surface of the water


Floccose.   Covered with dense, appressed trichomes in patches or tufts


Flotophyllous.   With floating leaves


Flower.   Reproductive structure of flowering plants with or without protective envelopes, the calyx and/or corolla; short shoot with sporophylls and with or without sterile protective leaves, the calyx and corolla


Flushing Shoots.   Shoots that develop from mature terminal buds several times during a season. Terminal bud will develop shoot with new terminal bud which will develop more shoots and a terminal bud which will develop etc. --several times in a season with several flushes of growth.


Fly Trap.   Hinged, insectivorous leaf, as in Dionaea


Folded.   Foliate embryo with cotyledons usually thin and extensively expanded and folded in various ways


Follicetum.   An aggregation of follicles, as in Caltha


Follicle.   A dry, dehiscent fruit derived from one carpel that splits along one suture


Fovea.   Pit or depression containing the sporangium in the leaf base of Isoetes


Foveolate.   Pitted


Free.   Unlike parts or organs unjoined and separate from one another


Free-adnate.   Hypanthium fused with ovary and having a free limb around or above ovary


Free-central.   With the placenta along the central axis in a compound ovary without septa


Fringe.   The modified margin of a petal, sepal, tepal or lip


Frond.   The leaf of a fern


Fruit.   Matured ovary of flowering plants, with or without accessory parts


Fruticose.   Shrubby


Fugacious.   Ephemeral, usually applied to plant parts


Funicular.   With a persistent elongate funiculus attached to seed coat, as in Magnolia


Funiculus.   Stalk by which ovule is attached to placenta


Fusiform.   Spindle-shaped; broadest in middle and tapering to each end


Galeate.   Helmet-shaped, as one sepal in Aconitum


Geitonogamy.   Fertilization of one flower by another on the same plant


Gelatinous.   Jellylike; soft and quivery


Geminate or Binate.   Paired; in pairs


Gemma.   A vegetative reproductive bud borne on the stem, as in Lycopodium; a multicellular reproductive propagule on gametophytes, as in ferns


Geniculate.   Abruptly bent at a node, zigzag


Geoflorous.   With subterranean flower


Geocarpous.   Fruits below ground, as in Amphicarpum


Gibbous.   Inflated on one side near the base


Gigantic.   Very large


Glabrate.   Without trichomes


Glabrescent.   Becoming glabrous


Glabrous.   Smooth; devoid of trichomes


Gland.   A secreting part or appendage


Glandular.   Covered with minute, blackish to translucent glands


Glans (Involucre).   Nut subtended by a cupulate, dry involucre, as in Quercus


Glaucescent.   Sparingly or slightly glaucous


Glaucous.   Covered with a bloom or smooth, waxy coating


Globose.   Round


Glochidiate.   With barbed trichomes, glochids, usually in tufts


Glomerule.   An indeterminate dense cluster of sessile or subsessile flowers


Glume.   Bract, usually occurring in pairs, at the base of the grass spikelet


Glutinous.   Having a shiny, sticky surface


Granular.   Finely mealy, covered with small granules


Greasy or Unctuous.   Slick, oily, slippery to touch


Gynagamous.   Inflorescence with pistillate flowers inside or above and neuter flowers outside or below (gynagamocephalous)


Gynandrial or Gynostemial.   With fused stamens and carpels (stigma and style) as in the Orchidaceae


Gynecandrous.   Inflorescence with pistillate flowers inside or above and staminate outside or below, as in spikes of some species of Carex


Gynehermaphroditic.   Inflorescence with pistillate flowers inside or above and hermaphroditic outside or below (gynehermaphrodicephalous)


Gynobasic.   Attached at base of ovary in central depression


Gynodioecious.   Some plants with perfect flowers and some with pistillate


Gynoecium or Pistil.   The whorl or group of carpels in the center or at the top of the flower; all carpels in a flower


Gynomonoecious.   Plant with pistillate and perfect flowers


Gynophore.   The stipe of a pistil or carpel


Half-inferior.   Other floral organs attached around ovary with hypanthium adnate to lower half of ovary


Half-terete.   Flat on one side, terete on other; semicircular in cross section


Haplomorphic.   Flowers with parts spirally arranged at a simple level in a semispheric or hemispheric form; petals or tepals colored; parts numerous; e.g., Nymphaea, Magnolia


Hastate.   Lobe pointed and oriented outward or divergent in relation to petiole or midrib; sinus depth variable; margins variable


Hastiform.   Triangular with two flaring basal lobes


Haustorial.   Absorbing roots, within host of some parasitic species


Helicoid Cyme or Bostryx.   A determinate inflorescence in which the branches develop on one side only, appearing simple


Hemianatropous or Hemitropous.   With body half-inverted so that funiculus is attached near middle with micropyle terminal and at right angles


Herb.   A usually low, soft, or coarse plant with annual aboveground stems


Herbaceous.   Soft and succulent


Hermaphrodagamous.   Inflorescence with hermaphroditic flowers inside or above and neuter outside or below (hermaphrodagamocephalous)


Hermaphrodandrous.   Inflorescence with hermaphroditic flowers inside or above and staminate outside or below (hermaphrodandrocephalous)


Hermaphroditic or Monoclinous.   Plant with all flowers perfect


Hesperidium.   A thick-skinned septate berry with the bulk of the fruit derived from glandular hairs, as in Citrus


Heterandrous.   With stamens of different sizes and/or shapes


Heteranthous.   Having different states in two different sets of flowers, only one state present in each set


Heteroblasty.   With juvenile foliage distinctly different from adult foliage in size or shape


Heterocarpous.   With carpels of different sizes and/or shapes


Heterocephalous, Heterocymous, Heterospicous.   Heads, cymes, spikes with flowers of different sexual conditions. Note: other inflorescence word stems could be used for appropriate inflorescence type.


Heterocladous.   With stems of different sizes and/or shapes


Heteromerous or Anisomerous.   With different number of members in different whorls


Heteropetalous.   With petals of different sizes and/or shapes


Heterophyllous.   With leaves of different sizes and/or shapes. Heterophyllous Shoots - Shoots that develop from winter buds which do not contain the primordia of all the leaves to develop during the year


Heterophytous.   Having different states in two different sets of plants, only one state present in each set


Heterosepalous.   With sepals of different sizes and/or shapes


Heterosexual.   Inflorescences or flowers within the plant with different sexual conditions


Heterosporous.   Having two kinds of spores, usually differing in size


Heterostichus.   With unequal rows


Heterostylous.   With styles of different sizes or lengths or shapes within a species


Heterotropous.   Ovule position not fixed in ovary


Hibernal or Hiemal.   Appearing in the winter


Hilum.   Funicular scar on seed coat


Hip or Cynarrhodion (Receptacle and Hypanthium).   An aggregation of achenes surrounded by an urceolate receptacle and hypanthium, as in Rosa


Hippocrepiform.   Horseshoe-shaped


Hirsute.   Covered with long, rather stiff trichomes


Hirsutullous or Hirtellous.   Minutely hirsute


Hispid.   Covered with very long, stiff trichomes


Hispidulous.   Approaching hispid, minutely hispid


Homandrous.   With stamens of same size and shape


Homanthous.   Having more than one state within each individual flower, all flowers the same


Homocarpous.   With carpels of same size and shape


Homocephalous, Homocymous, Homospicous.   Heads, cymes, spikes with flowers sexually uniform


Homochlamydeous.   With perianth composed of similar parts, each part a tepal


Homogamous.   With maturation of stamens or anther and carpels or stigma at same time


Homophytous.   Having more than one state within each individual plant, all plants the same


Homosexual.   Inflorescences or flowers sexually uniform


Homosporous.   Having spores of only one kind


Homostylous.   With styles of same sizes or lengths and shapes


Hood.   A cover-shaped perianth part, usually with a turned down margin


Horn.   A curved, pointed and hollow protuberance from the perianth


Hyaline.   Thin and translucent or transparent


Hydrophily.   Pollinated by water


Hymenopterophily.   Pollinated by bees


Hypanepigyny.   The condition in which the sepals, petals, stamens are attached to the elongate floral tube or hypanthium above the inferior ovary, as in Oenothera


Hypanthium.   The fused or coalesced basal portion of floral parts (sepals, petals, stamens) around the ovary


Hypanthodium.   An inflorescence with flowers on wall of a concave capitulum, as in Ficus


Hyphodromous.   With a single primary vein and all other venation absent, rudimentaryj or concealed within a coriaceous or fleshy blade


Hypocotyl.   Embryonic stem in seed, located below cotyledons


Hypocotylespermous or Macropodial.   With food reserve stored in hypocotyl, derived from zygote


Hypogynium.   Perianth-like structure of bony scales subtending the ovary, as in Scleria and other members of the Cyperaceae


Hypogyny.   The condition in which the sepals, petals, stamens are attached below the ovary


Hypophyllous.   With small leaves, as bracts, scales, cataphylls


Hypotropous.   Dorsal - Ovule erect, micropyle below, raphe dorsal (away from ventral bundle). Ventral - Ovule erect, micropyle below, raphe ventral (toward ventral bundle)


Hysteranthous.   With leaves appearing after flowers