Aboriginal tribes in India, 43, 44, 54, 55
Adityas, the gods, 236
Agama, later term for Nikaya, 168
Agni, 216, 219, 235, 242
Ajatasattu, king of Magadha, 3, 12–16, 89
Ajivakas, an order of ascetics, 143, 290
Akbar, 307
Akhyanas (Akkhanas), 153, 185
Aldermen of the guilds, 96, 97
Alexander, his Indian coin, 100; his invasion of India, 267, 268
Alphabets, 116–118, 124, 131
Alwis, James, 28
Ambattha’s visit to the Sakiyas, 19
Amitra-ghata, 272
Ancient history and modern, the dividing line between, 240
Andhra dynasty, 310–312
Angas, name of a tribe, 23; name of Jain hooks, 164
Animism, 210–230
Ahjana, the Buddha’s grandfather, 18
Anjana Wood, near Saketa, 39
Anuradhapura, 69, 70, 75, 85, 201, 277, 311
Apastamba, date of, 32
Arachosia, 268
Archaeology in India, 41, 132
Architecture in old times, 63 foll.
Ardha-Magadhi, 154
Armies, size of, in India, 266
Aryan, immigration, routes of, 31; settlements in the South, 156
Asavas (Intoxications) 296
Asceticism, see Tapas
Asoka, not mentioned in the Buddhist canon, 174, nor by the Greeks, 272; Indian accounts of, 276; his treatment of the Buddha relics, 278; his marriage, 279; his coronation, 280; his conquest of Kalinga, 282; his conversion, 282–284; his buildings, 286 – 290; his Edicts, 290–299; his missions, 295–300; his sending the Bo Tree to Ceylon, 302 – 304; other measures to propagate his Dhamma, 304; his failures, 305; his character, 306
Asoka Avadana, 276
Asramas, the four, brahmin theory of, 249, 250
Assakas, an ancient tribe, 27, 203
Assattha tree, 230, 234
Assyria, 113
Asuras, see Titans
Agvaghosha, poet, 315
Agvins, 236
Atanatiya Suttanta, 210
Atharva Veda, 166, 213, 252
Attha Salini, revised in Ceylon, 175
Authors, none known before Asoka, 179, 180
Avanti, one of the four great kingdoms, 3, 4, 27, 28; incorporated into Magadha, 267; probable home of Pali, 153, 154
Avesta, 181
Ayojjba, 34, 39
Babylon, 104, 113, 115, 116
Bacon’s Essays, 166
Baktria, 313
Bali offerings, 227
Banyan Deer Jataka, 190–194, 198
Barbers, guild of, 94
Barrows, round, the origin of stupas, So
Barter, traffic by, too
Basket makers, 54, 96
Baths, hot-air, 74; open-air, 75
Bayern (Babylon), 104
Behar, 42
Benares, conquest of, by Kosala, 25; size of, 34
Bengal, ignored in old records, 29
Bhaddiya, consul of the Sakiyas, 19
Bhandarkar, Professor, 32, 150, 177
Bharahat Tope, 10, 82, 198, 209, 288
Bharhut, see Bharahat
Bharukaccha, first mention of, 31; trade at, 38; sea voyages from, 96, 104, 116
Bimbisara, king of Magadha, 3;
builds Rajagaha, 37
Bindusara, king of Magadha, 272, 30–4
Blacksmiths, 264
Boats, 94, 103
Bodh Gaya, 288, 302
Bodhi, prince of the Vacchas, 7
Bodhi, the sacred tree, 229
Bodhisatva, progress of the idea, 177
Books and MSS., 110
Bower MS., 124, 128
Brahma, the god, 235 Brahma-Viharas, 197
Brahmanas, language of, 147; morality of, 240, 247
Brahmi Lipi, later name of the Asoka alphabet, 117
Brahmin, spelling of the word, 2; their social rank, 54; trades they followed, 57; could marry a Kshatriya, 59; were considered low-born as compared with Kshatriyas, 60; their theories as to learning, claimed to be divinities, 118; as grammarians, 149, 317; their influence in Buddhist times, 150, 159; their struggle against the rajputs, iii, 158; the debt we owe to the learned, 210; their divisions, 249
Bricks used for writing on, 121–24
Buddha Carita, 315
Buddha Vamsa, age of, 176
Buddhaghosa, 201, 277
Buddhist Literature, down to Asoka, chronological table of, 188
Bühler, Professor, 43, 113, 126, 202, 319
Burgess, James, 31
Burma, 94, 104
Burnouf, 171
Butchers, 93
Caravans, 98
Cariya Pitaka, 176, 196
Carpenters, 264
Carts, 93, 98
Caste, 56, 59, 62
Cattle, customs as to village, 45, 46
Cetis, an ancient tribe, 26, 29
Ceylon Chronicles, 261, 274–277
Ceylon, ignored in the old records, 29; date of first Aryan settlement in, 33, 104; history of language in 155; were the Pali books forged there? 170 foll.; scholarship in, 304
Chamba, 32
Champa, 23, 35, 104, 260
Chanakya, 270
Chandragupta, emperor of India, 259–271
Charms, 5
Childers, Professor, 201
Cholas, 298, 311
Chunam work in ancient buildings, 69, 52
Cities, very few in number, 50; architecture of, 61 foll.; great size of, 35, 263
Clans, in ancient India, 17–22
Climate, influence of, 42, 43
Coins, 100 foll., 106; the oldest Sanskrit, 136
Colours, the four, 53, 62
Commensality and connubium, 52, 57, 58
Common lands, 45–48
Constantine, 298
Copper plates, 122–125
Cowell, Professor, 189
Credit, instruments of, 101
Cromwell, 306, 307 Oita, see Kacch
Dagabas, 80
Dakkhinapatha, 30
Dancing and music, 186
Dantapura, settlement at, 31
Dasaratha, Asoka’s grandson, 143
Dead, curious customs as to disposal of the, 78–82
Dekkan, 30, 311, 312
Delhi, 27
Deussen, Professor, 190
Devadaha, the Buddha’s ancestor, 18
Devadatta, the Buddha’s cousin, 13, 193
Dhamma, meaning of, 292; sketch of Asoka’s, 294–297
Dhamma-kathika, 167
Dhana Nanda, king of Magadha, 267
Dialogues of the Buddha, date of, 107
Diana, the goddess, 217 Diogenes, 245
Dipavamsa, 276, 277
Disease due to escape of the soul, 252
Divyavadana, a look of legends, 10
D’Oldenhurg, Professor Serge, 209
Drama, use of the, 184–186
Dravidian, names of imports into the West, 116; tribes, civilisation of, 53, 56; dialects, charged with Sanskrit, 156; kingdoms, 311
Dreams, 252, 253
Drugs, 98
Dundubhissara, 299, 300
Dushta Gamini, king of Ceylon, 278, 311
Dvaraka, capital of Kamboja, 28
Dyaus, 236
Dyers, 93
Earth, the mother, 47, 219
East, the immovable, 237
Economic conditions, 87 foll., 258
Eights, the name of a book of lyrics, 178
Elephant, legend of the decoy, 5; their use in war, 266–268
Elu, the Prakrit of Ceylon, 155
Endogamy and exogamy, 52
Epics, growth of, 179–183, 206
Eran coins, 115
Family rights, 47
Famines, 49, 50
Fausböll, Professor, 189, 200, 204
Feer, M. Leon, 194
Fergusson, James, 227
Fick, Dr., 62, 57, 202
Fields, custom as to cultivation of, 46; not salable, 47
Fire-drill, 231
Fishing, only in rivers, not in the sea, 93
Fleet, Mr. J. F., 31
Folk-lore, 208
Forests, large expanse of, 20, 21; see Maha-vana
Fortifications of Pataliputta, 262
Forts in ancient times, 38, 63
Franke, Professor Otto, 315
Freedom of thought in ancient India, 247, 258
Frescoes, 96
Gaggard, queen of Anga, 35
Gambling halls, public, provided by the king, 71, 72
Games, 105
Gandak, river, 259
Gandhard, the country, 28
Gandharvas, 220
Garuclas, harpies or griffins, 224
Gavelkind, custom of, 47
Gedrosia, ceded to Magadha, 265
Geiger, Professor, vi, 275
Geldner, Professor, 181
Giribbaja, old capital of Magadha, 37, 38
Giri-nagara (Girnar), in the Kathiawad, 134, 312
Gods, origin of, 255
Godhavari river, 27, 30, 156
Gold plates used for writing, 124
Golden Age, in India, 187
Gonaddha, in Avanti, 103
Gosinga Vihara, MS. from, 122, 124, 128, 173
Grammar, studied in the North-West, 203
Grierson, Mr., 32
Grimblot, 185
Grünwedel, Dr., 303
Guilds of work people, the eighteen, 90 foll. 96
Gupta dynasty, 150, 308
Hardy, Professor E., 298
hardy, Spence, 30
Hermits, 140; distinct from Wanderers, 143
Hillebrandt, Professor, 242
Himalayas, 29; dialects of, 32; as boundary, 260; missionaries sent to, 299–301
Hiranya-keni, date of, 32
History, how treated in brahmin records, 157
Hoernle, Dr., 126
Hopkins, Professor, 87, 152
Hume’s “Essay,” 166
Hunting and hunters, 44, 93
Images, none in ancient times, 241
lndika of Megasthenes, 260 foll.
Indra, the god, 232–235
Inscriptions in India, were first in Pali, 130; gradual growth of use of Sanskrit in, 131–139; specimen of an Asoka, 135; donations recorded in, 151
Interest on loans, 101
Intermarriages in ancient India, 59
Internal evidence as to the age of literary records, 165
Intoxication, god of, see Soma; ethical, 296
Irish legends, 181
Irrigation, 46, 56, 264
Isisinga legend, 201
I-Tsing’s travels, 35
Ivory, 94; ivory-workers, 93, 98
Jacobi, Professor, 31, 163, 164, 133, 185, 227, 235
Jain records, 12, 163, 318
Jain temple at Khujarao, 255, 290
Jains, founder of, 41; early name of, 143
Janaka, king of Videha, 26
Jataka Book, discussion of history of, 189–208; summary of results, 207, 208
Jetavana, 99
Jewellers, 93
Jhanas, 197
Jumna, the river, 27
Jupiter, 235
Kacch, Gulf of, 28, 32, 35
Kahapana, square copper coin, 100–102
Kalasoka, king of Magadha, makes Pataliputta the capital, 37
Kalinga, earliest settlement in, 31
Kalpa-rukkha, the Wishing Tree, 227
Kamboja, the country, 25
Kammassa-dhamma, in the Kuru country, 27
Kampilla, capital of the Kurus, 27, 35
Kancipura, 156
Kanishka, 315–320
Kanoj, capital of the Kurus, 27
Kapilavastu, the old town and the new, 18, 103
Kasi, township of, matter of dispute between Kosala and Magadha, 3; the Basis as one of the sixteen great tribes, 24
Kasgapa, the Buddha, 229
Kassapa-gotta, a Buddhist missionary, 299, 300
Katha Vatthu, the book, age of, 167, 176; author of, 299
Kennedy, Mr., 115
Kerala, 311
Kharavela, king of Kalinga, 310
Kharotri. alphabet, 124
Khotan, MS. from, 124
Kolarian tribes, 53, 56
Konagamana, the Buddha, 290
Kosala, one of the four great Kingdoms, 3; importance of, in the Buddha’s time, 25; its influence on language, 147; the language of, its place in history, 153; the Ramayana arose in, 153; centre of Buddhist literary activity, 183
Kosambi, city on the Jumna, 3, 36, 103
Kshatriyas, 53; working as artisans, 54, 55; not always Aryan by race, 56; when made outcaste, 58; disputed the claim of the brahmins to social supremacy, 61
Kumarila, iv, 156
Kurus, ancient tribe, 27
Kushanas, 314 foll.
Kusinara, the Mallian town, 26, 37, 103
Kuvera, the god, 220
Land tenure, 46 foll.
Language, outline of history of, in India, 153, 211
Learning, its nutriment, 111
Leather-workers, 54, 92
Lena dialect, 154
Lettering, an ancient game, 108
Levi, Professor, 124, 240
Licchavis, the clan, 26, 40; their public hall for religious and philosophical discussion, 141; their political power, 25, 260
Linga, worship of, 166
Literature, pre-Buddhistic, 120 foll.; Pali, 161 foll.
Luck, goddess of, see Siri; Asoka’s view of, 295
Luders, Dr., 201
McCrindle, his Ancient India, 261
Macchas, an ancient tribe, 27
Macdonell, Professor, 226
Madda, the country, 29, 39
Madhura, on the Jumna, 36; in South India, 311
Magadha, one of the four great kingdoms, 3; one of the sixteen main tribes, 24; its struggle with Champa, 260; in Alexander’s time, 267; after Asoka’s death, 309, 310
Maha-bharata, iii, 183, 184, 190, 214, 255
Maha Kaccana, lived at Madhura, 36
Maha Kosala, king of Kosala, 8, 10
Maha-nama, 273
Maha-samaya Suttanta, 219
Maha-setthi, 97
Maha-sudassana Jataka, 195–197
Maha-vamsa, 276–278
Maha-vana, the Great Wood, 20, 21, 41, 142
Maha-vastu, 173
Mahayana, 177, 319
Mahissati, 103
Mahosadha, his underground dwelling, 66
Maine, Sir Henry, 235
Mallas, their Mote Hall, 19; their territory, 26; their power, 29
Mallika, queen at Savatthi, her hall for public debates, 141
Marcus Aurelius, 307
Markets, 100, 101
Maruts, wind gods, 236
Maung-gon, gold plates from, 124, 126
Medicine, ancient, 231
Mcgasthenes, 49, 50, 260–268, 274
Mesa inscription, 113
Mesopotamia, its influence on India, 70
Metal-work, 90
Middle Country, the so-called, 172
Milanda, the king, 39
Milinda, the book, 37, 38, 167, 173
Millionaires, 102
Miners, 264
Mithila, capital of Videha, 37
Mitra, a god, 236
Moggallana, 233
Moon, as a god, 219
Mora-nivapa, 142
Mortgage, not allowed, 46
Mote Halls, in the old republics, 19; in heaven, 66
Mother Earth, 47, 219, 220
Mountains, Spirit of the, 220
Nagas, siren-serpents, 220–224, 233, 235
Nalanda, in Magadha, 103
Nikayas, the five, 168; differ in doctrine, 173; age of, 176; importance of, 187; tree-worship in, 226
Nirvana, under the tree, 231
Northern and Southern Buddhism, discussion of the phrase, 171–173
Occupation, facility of change of, 56, 57
Octroi duties, 93
Oldenberg, Professor, 181
Ophir, perhaps - Sovira, 38
Order, the Buddhist, 304, 316
Orissa, 29
Ossian, 181
Painting, 96
Paithana, see Patitthana
Pajapati, the god, 235
Pajjota, king of Avant, 3 foll.
Pali, its relation to Sanskrit, 120-153; the Pali literature, 161 foll.
Text Society, 163
Panca-nekayika, 168
Panchalas, ancient tribes, 27, 203
Pandyas, 298, 311
Panini, 144, 203
Panjab, 260, 267
Paramatta, the god, 224, 256
Paramitas, the ten, a late doctrine, 177
Parantapa, king at Kosambi, 7
Parasariya, a brahmin teacher, 144
Parayana, sixteen lyrics, 178
Pasenadi, king of Kosala, 3, 8–11, 19
Pataliputta, capital of Magadha, 203; its size and fortifications, 262
Patimokkha, rules of the order, learnt by heart, 111
Patitthana, 30, 103, 311
Pava, a capital of the Mallas, 26
Payaga, 30
Peasantry, social position of, 51
Peppe, Mr., his discovery of the Sakiya Tope, 84, 130, 131
Petakin, one who knows a Pitaka, 167
Peta Vallhu, the book, age of, 176
Phallus-worship, 165
Philpot, Mrs. 224
Pindola, a recluse, 7
Pingalaka, a king, 176
Pippal tree, 230, 234
Pischel, Professor, 148, 154
Piyadassi, name of Asoka, 273–276
Police, 21, 90, 108
Population in ancient India, 18, 33
Potters, 54, 55, 92
Prakrit, meaning of the term, and date of, 154
Prices of commodities, 101
Prinsep, his first readings of the Asoka inscriptions, 273
Progressive societies, 238, 239
Pukkusati, king of Gandhara, 28
Rainy season, 112
Raja, meaning of the word on old documents, 19
Rajagaha, capital of Magadha, 36, 37
Rajasthan, dialects of, 32
Rajasaya sacrifices, 203
Rama-gama, 290
Rama-ganga river, 259
Ramayana, geography of, 31, 34; place of origin of, 183
Rapson, Mr., 136
Republics, in ancient India, 1, 2; organisation of, 17 foll.; their Mote Halls, 18; consuls in the, 19; list of names of, 22
Rhys-Davids, Mrs., on economic conditions, 87; on the Attha Salini, 175; on the meaning of Dhamma, 292
Riddles of Sakka, an old Suttanta, 150
Rig Veda, 30, 46, 213, 223, 226, 232, 236, 242
Roruka, later Roruva, capital of Sovira, 38
Rudradaman’s inscription, 28, 134, 267
Sacrifice, brahmin theory of, 240–242; lay view, of 248, 249; Asoka’s view of, 296
Sagala, capital of the Maddas, 38
Sailors, 94
Sakas, 312 foll.
Saketa, town in Kosala, 39, 103
Sakiyas, the clan, 17 foll.; Vidudabha’s campaign against, 11; pride of, 11; the Sakiya tope, 17, 90, 100, 130, 133; subject to Kosala, 259
Sakka, the god, the riddles he asked, 180; takes the place of Indra, 234
Samajja, 185
Samarati, queen of the Vacchas, 7
Sambodhi, 282
Sanarn Kurnara, the god, 224
Sanchi Tope, 198, 288
Sanitary arrangements, 78
Sankara, 156, 187
Sanskrit, Indian use of the term, 154; its relation to Pali, 128–139; date of the use of, in India, 134–136, 315, 316; compared to Latin, 136, 137; was it a spoken language? 148, 149, 154; its alphabets, 155; of the schools, 211
Sariputta, 169, 288
Satraps, 312–314
Savatthi, in Nepal, capital of Kosala, 25, 40, 103, 290
Scrollwork, along buildings, 77
Seleukos Nikator, 268
Self-torture, see Tapas
Semitic alphabets, 114
Senart, on caste, 62; on the Gosinga anthology, 124; on the Asoka inscriptions, 132; on the post-Asoka inscriptions, 152; on the Jataka verses, 205; on the Ceylon chronicles, 276
Seniya, an ascetic, 245
Setavya, in Kosala, 103
Seven-storied buildings, 70
Sigalovada Suttanta, 185
Silas, a tract, 107, 215
Singhalese, the so-called canon of the, 171; commentaries, 201, 207
Sill, the goddess of luck, 217
Sisunaga, king of Magadha, makes Vesali the capital, 37
Sirva, the god, 166
Sivi, the country, 28
Slaves in ancient India, origin, position, and numbers of, 55, 263
Smith, Mr. Vincent, 315
Social grades in ancient India, 52–62
Soma, the intoxicating drink, as god, 219, 231, 235
Sona, the river, 24
Sophists, 246, 248
Soul-theories, souls in trees, 227; size and shape of the soul, 251; absent in disease and sleep, 252
South India, not mentioned in the Buddhist canon, 29–32, 174
Sovira, the country, 29, 38, 104; the port, 116
Spelling, in Indian inscriptions, compared with English, 132- 135
Spiritual matters, 247, 257
Stars, beliefs about, 6
Stonework, 66, 90
Strabo, 260 foll.
Stylites, St. Simeon, 244
Suddhodana, the Buddha’s father,
Sudras, their position among the Colours, 54; fate of learned, 118
Suicide, tog
Sumana, princess in Kosala, to Sun-god, 197, 219, 255
Supparaka, the seaport, 31, 38, 116
Sura, intoxicating drink, 204
Sarasenas, ancient tribe, 27
Sutta, as name of book or chapter, 168, 169
Sutta Nipata, growth of, 177–180; tree-worship in, 226
Suttantas, treatises so-called, 8; learning them by heart, 110; cut off at the root, 111; forgotten, 112; afterwards called Suttas, 169
Suttantika, one who knows a Suttanta, 168
Tagara, the town, 31
Tagara-sikhin, 31
Takka-silo (Takshila), seat of learning in N. W. India, 8, 28, 203 copper plates from, 124; capital of the Kushanas, 314
Tamil words in use in the West, 6
Tamralipti, seaport, 103
Tanks, for bathing, 74, 75; for irrigation, 86
Tapas, self-torture, growth of doctrine of, 242 foll.
Teaching, etiquette of, 5; brahmin views about, 249
Temples, none, in ancient times, 241
Tilaura Kot, site of Kapilavastu, 18
Tirhut, 32, 41
Tissa, son of Moggali, 299
Titans, 224, 241
Toleration, 296
Tope’s, see Dagabas
Trade routes, 102–104
Trades, 89 foll.
Tree-worship, 224–233
Tribal migration in India, 32
Tribes, the sixteen chief, in pre-Buddhistic times, 23 foll,
Trita, the god, 235
Truth lower than sacrifice, 243
Turbans, 94, 97
Turkestan, MSS. discovered in, 128
Uddalaka Aruni, his defeat in argument, 247; his influence on pantheistic thought, 257
Udena, king of Kosambi, 3 foll., 7
Udyana, the country, 29
United Provinces, 42
Ujjeni, capital of Avanti, 3, 40, 103; Magadha viceroys at, 260, 272
Upanishads, 162, 187, 223, 226, 250, 255
Upasaka, 282, 294
Urvasi, 236.
Vacchas, see Varpsas
Vaikhanasa Sutra, 144
Vaigyas, their social rank, 54
Vajapeya sacrifices, 203
Vajira, daughter of Pasenadi, married to Ajatasattu, 4
Vajjians, their powerful confederation, 25, 26, 40
Valmiki, 31
Vamsas, or Vatsas, 3, 27
Varuna, the god, 219, 235
Vasula-datta, legend of, 4 foll.
Vayu, wind-god, 235
Vedanta, 163, 168
Vedic language, 153; divinities, 155, 158; hymns, interpretation of, 162
Vedisa, in Avanti, 103, 288
Vegetable diet, result of, 42
Vekhanassa, follower of Vikhanas, 142, 144
Vesali, 29, 40
Vessas, 54, 55
Vessavana, the god, see Kuvera
Videha, as kingdom and republic, 26, 37
Vidudabha, king of Kosala, 4, II, 12
Vikhanas, a teacher, 144
Village, customs, 45 foll.; head men, 49
Vimana Vatthu, 176
Vindhya Hills, 29
Vishnu, 219, 236
Wanderers, the, their discussion halls, 141; names of corporate bodies among, 143–146; freedom of thought among, 247, 258; their Dhamma, 294
Weavers, 54, 57, 90 46
Weber, Professor, 113, 114
Wickramasinha, Mr., 115
Windisch, Professor, 180
Winternitz, Professor, 190
Wisdom-tree, 230
Woodwork, 66, 90, 264
Writers, astrade, 108
Writing, history of, 107–127
Yoga Sutras, 197
Yueh-ti, 313 foll.
Zimmer, Professor, 87, 232
This collection transcribed by Chris Gage