"Inverse" quadratic-like maps
Distorted midgets
Sometimes non-linear terms in the local approximation of fc
(outside the central region, see Windows of periodicity
scaling) lead to distorted midgets (see M and corresponding J(-1)
midgets above). But midgets save its topology until these non-central
fc are "locally" one-to-one maps.
Renormalization of
fc-2 maps
This takes place while the whole fcon map
is quadratic-like (has exactly 2 preimages) in the central U'
region (between two minima in the picture below).
Quadratic-like mapping on the complex plane z is shown below for
c = -1. The central U' region (limited by the blue circle) is
mapped twice to the left (inside the green circle). Then the circle is mapped
one-to-one in the U region (inside the red curve). That is the whole
f-1o2 map from U' to U is 2 to 1.
The last picture illustrates too large U' region. The critical point
z = 0 get into the fc(U') region (inside the green
circle), i.e. the next map is not one-to-one and the red curve has a
self-intersection.
Controls: Drag the blue circle to change R'.
Click mouse + <Alt>/<Ctrl> to zoom In/Out.
The inverse fc-2(z) map has four branches
(see the picture above and Iterations of inverse maps)
+-(+-(z - c)1/2 - c)1/2 .
To get the green circle from the red U region we shall take
-(z - c)1/2, therefore the whole inverse quadratic-like
map is
fc-2(z) =
+-(-(z - c)1/2 - c)1/2.
Iterations of this map are shown to the left above in the red color.
As since U' lies in U, therefore all preimages
of a point in U stay in U' forever and you see renormalized
Julia set homeomorphic to J(0) (i.e. a circle). A magnification of
the picture is shown to the left below. To the right you see renormalized
J(-1) midget inside the J(-1.306) set.
Renormalization of the J(-1.5438) set corresponding to the
Misiurewicz band merging point is homeomorphic
to the J(-2) set (i.e. the straight [-2, 2] segment).
J(-1.4304) corresponding to the second band merging point is
renormalized in J(-1.5438) (the red midget in the center is
equivalent to the whole first picture).
At last J(-1.6) is renormalized in the
Cantor-like midget.
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updated 10 June 2003