cdrdao - writes audio CD-Rs in disc-at-once mode
SYNOPSIS
cdrdao [show-toc|read-toc|read-cd|show-data|read-
test|disk-info|simulate|write|copy] [--device device]
[--source-device device] [--driver driver-id] [--source-
driver driver-id] [--simulate] [--speed writing-speed]
[--datafile file] [--read-raw] [--fast-toc] [--buffers
buffer-count] [--multi] [--eject] [--swap] [--session]
[--force] [--reload] [--on-the-fly] [--paranoia-mode mode]
[-n] [-v verbose-level] toc-file
DESCRIPTION
cdrdao creates audio and data CD-Rs in disk-at-once (DAO)
mode driven by a description file called toc-file. In DAO
mode it is possible to create non standard track pre-gaps
that have other lengths than 2 seconds and contain nonzero
audio data. This is for example useful to divide live
recordings into tracks where 2 second gaps would be kind
of irritating.
Instead of a toc-file a cue file (used by a famous
DOS/Windows mastering tool) may be used. See the CUE FILES
section for more details.
COMMANDS
The first argument must be one of the following commands:
show-toc
Print out a summary about what will be written to
the CD-R.
read-toc
Analyze each track of the inserted CD and create a
toc-file that can be used to make a more or less
exact copy of the CD. This command does not read
out the audio or data tracks, use read-cd for this
purpose.
You can specify a filename for the data file via
the --datafile option.
read-cd
Copies all tracks of the inserted CD to an image
file and creates a corresponding toc-file. The
name of the image file defaults to "data.bin" if no
--datafile option is given.
show-data
Print out all samples that would be written to the
CD-R. Each line contains the sample number (start
ing at 0) and the decimal sample value for the left
order of audio files is correct.
read-test
Check if all data can be read from the audio files
that are defined in the toc-file. This will also
check the communication with the slave process that
is responsible for writing the audio data to the
CD-recorder. Mainly used for testing.
disk-info
Shows information about the inserted CD-R. If the
CD-R has an open session it will also print the
start of the last and current session which is used
by mkisofs to create an image for a second or
higher session.
simulate
Like write but laser stays cold. It is a shortcut
for write--simulate.
write Write the CD-R according to the specifications in
the toc-file.
copy Performs all steps to copy a CD. The device con
taining the source CD must be specified with option
--source-device and the recorder device with option
--device. If only a single device is available the
option --source-device must be omitted and cdrdao
will prompt to insert the CD-R after an image of
the source CD was created.
The image file with name "cddata<pid>.bin" will be
created in the current working directory if no
--datafile option is given. The created image will
be removed after it has been written.
If option --on-the-fly is given no image file is
created and the data will be directly piped from
the reading device to the CD recorder.
OPTIONS
--device bus,id,lun
Sets the SCSI address of the CD-recorder in form of
a bus/id/lun triple, e.g. '0,2,0' for the logical
unit 0 of SCSI device with ID 2 on bus 0. On some
systems a device node may be specified directly,
e.g. '/dev/sg0' on Linux systems.
--source-device bus,id,lun
Like above but used for the copy command to specify
the source device.
Force usage of specified driver instead of the
automatically determined driver. Available driver
IDs:
cdd2600, plextor, plextor-scan, generic-mmc,
generic-mmc-raw, ricoh-mp6200, yamaha-cdr10x, teac-
cdr55, sony-cdu920, sony-cdu948, taiyo-yuden
Specifying an illegal driver ID will give a list of
available drivers. Option flags may be used to
modify the behavior of some drivers. See README for
details.
--source-driver driver-id:option-flags
Like above but used for the device specified with
option --source-device.
--speed value
Set the writing speed to value. Default is the
highest possible speed.
--datafile file
Used for read-toc,read-cd and copy. Set the
default data file placed in the toc-file by read-
toc.Use-toindicateSTDIN. For commands read-cd and
copy it specifies the name of the created image
file.
--read-raw
Only used for command read-cd. All data sectors
will be written as 2352 byte blocks including the
sector header and L-EC data to the image file. The
track mode will be set to MODE1_RAW or MODE2_RAW in
the created toc-file.
--fast-toc
Only used for command read-toc. This option sup
presses the pre-gap length and index mark extrac
tion which speeds up the read-toc process. Standard
2 second pre-gaps (but no silence!) will be placed
into the toc-file. The resulting CD will sound like
the source CD. Only the CD player's display will
behave slightly different in the transition area
between two tracks.
This option might help, too, if read-toc fails with
your drive otherwise.
--buffers buffer-count
Specifies the number of buffers that are allocated
to avoid buffer under runs. The minimal buffer
count is fixed to 10, default is 32 except on
FreeBSD systems, on which default is 20. Each
buffer holds 1 second of audio data so that
the maximum time for which reading of audio data
may be stalled.
--multi
If this option is given the session will not be
closed after the audio data is successfully writ
ten. It is possible to append another session on
such disks, e.g. to create a CD-EXTRA.
--eject
Eject the CD-R after writing or write simulation.
--swap Swap the byte order of all samples that are send to
the CD-recorder.
--session session-nr
Used for read-toc and read-cd to specify the ses
sion which should be processed on multi session
CDs.
--reload
Indicates that the tray may be opened before writ
ing without prompting the user to reset the disk
status after a simulation run.
--force
Forces the execution of an operation that otherwise
would not be performed.
--paranoia-mode mode
Sets the correction mode for digital audio extrac
tion. 0: No checking, data is copied directly from
the drive. 1: Perform overlapped reading to avoid
jitter. 2: Like 1 but with additional checks of the
read audio data. 3: Like 2 but with additional
scratch detection and repair.
The extraction speed reduces from 0 to 3.
--on-the-fly
Perform CD copy on the fly without creating an
image file.
-n Suppresses the 10 second pause before writing or
simulating.
-v verbose-level
Sets verbose level. Levels > 2 are debug levels
which produce a lot of output.
TOC FILES
The toc-file describes what data is written to the CD-R
and sub-channel information. It is a simple text file, use
your favorite text editor to create it.
A toc-file contains an optional header and a sequence of
track specifications. Comments starting with '//' reaching
until end of line can be placed anywhere.
Header
CATALOG "ddddddddddddd"
Specifies the optional catalog number of the CD.
The string must contain exactly 13 digits.
The following flags specify the type of session that will
be created. It is used to create the correct CD-TOC format
and to check the consistency of the track modes for the
desired session type. If multiple flags are given the last
one will take effect.
CD_DA The disc contains only audio tracks.
CD_ROM The disc contains just mode 1 tracks or mode 1 and
audio tracks (mixed mode CD).
CD_ROM_XA
The disc contains mode 2 form 1 or mode 2 form 2
tracks. Audio tracks are allowed, too. This type
must be used if multi session disks are created
(option --multi).
CD_TEXT { ... }
Defines global CD-TEXT data like the album title
and the used languages. See the CD-TEXT section
below for the syntax of the CD-TEXT block contents.
Track Specification
TRACK <track-mode>
Starts a new track, the track number is incremented
by 1. The length of a track must be at least 4 sec
onds. The block length of the input data depends on
the <track-mode>: AUDIO: 2352 bytes (588 samples),
MODE1: 2048 bytes, MODE1_RAW: 2352 bytes, MODE2:
2336 bytes, MODE2_FORM1: 2048 bytes, MODE2_FORM2:
2324 bytes, MODE2_FORM_MIX: 2336 bytes including
the sub-header, MODE2_RAW: 2352 bytes. If the
input data length is not a multiple of the block
length it will be padded with zeros.
The following flags may follow the track start statement.
They are used to set sub-channel information for the cur
rent track. Each flag is optional. If not given the fol
lowing defaults are used: copy not permitted, no pre
emphasis, two channel audio, no ISRC code.
Sets or clears the copy permitted flag.
[ NO ] PRE_EMPHASIS
Sets or clears the pre emphasis flag (only for
audio tracks).
TWO_CHANNEL_AUDIO
Indicates that track contains two channel audio
data (only for audio tracks).
FOUR_CHANNEL_AUDIO
Indicates that track contains four channel audio
data (only for audio tracks).
ISRC "CCOOOYYSSSSS"
Sets ISRC code of track (only for audio tracks).
C: country code (upper case letters or digits)
O: owner code (upper case letters or digits)
Y: year (digits)
S: serial number (digits)
An optional CD-TEXT block that defines the CD-TEXT data
for this track may follow. See the CD-TEXT section below
for the syntax of the CD-TEXT block contents.
CD_TEXT { ... }
At least one of the following statements must appear to
specify the data for the actual track. Lengths and start
positions may be expressed in samples (1/44100 seconds)
for audio tracks or in bytes for data tracks. It is also
possible to give the length in blocks with the MSF format
'MM:SS:FF' specifying minutes, seconds and frames (0 <=
'FF' < 75) . A frame equals one block.
If more than one statement is used the track will be com
posed by concatenating the data in the specified order.
SILENCE <length>
Adds zero audio data of specified length to actual
audio track. Useful to create silent pre-gaps.
ZERO <length>
Adds zero data to data tracks. Must be used to
define pre- or post-gaps between tracks of differ
ent mode.
[ FILE | AUDIOFILE ] "<filename>" <start> [ <length> ]
Adds the audio data of specified file to actual
audio track. It is possible to select a portion of
an audio file with <start> and <length> which
allows non destructive cutting. The first sample of
an audio file is addressed with <start> = 0. If
<start> until the end of file is used.
Audio files may have raw or WAVE format with 16
bits per sample, 44.1 kHz sampling rate, stereo.
Raw files must have the layout 'MSBLeft LSBLeft
MSBRight LSBRight ...' (big endian byte order).
WAVE files are expected to have little endian byte
order. The option --swap reverses the expected byte
order for all raw and WAVE files. Only filenames
with a ".wav" ending are treated as WAVE files, all
other names are assumed to be raw audio files. Use
tools like sox(1) to convert other file formats to
supported formats.
Specifying a "-" as filename causes data to be read
from STDIN. Currently only raw files are supported
from STDIN.
If you are unsure about the byte order of your
audio files try the command 'show-data'. If the
byte order is correct you will see a sequence of
increasing or decreasing numbers for both channels.
Otherwise numbers are jumping between very high and
low values - high volume static.
DATAFILE "<filename>" [ <length> ]
Adds data from given file to actual data track. If
<length> is omitted the actual file length will be
used.
START [ MM:SS:FF ]
Defines the length of the pre-gap (position where
index switches from 0 to 1). If the MSF value is
omitted the current track length is used. If the
current track length is not a multiple of the block
length the pre-gap length will be rounded up to
next block boundary.
If no START statement is given the track will not
have a pre-gap.
PREGAP MM:SS:FF
This is an alternate way to specify a pre-gap with
zero audio data. It may appear before the first
SILENCE, ZERO or FILE statement. Either PREGAP or
START can be used within a track specification. It
is equivalent to the sequence
SILENCE MM:SS:FF
START
for audio tracks or
ZERO MM:SS:FF
START
for data tracks.
'AUDIOFILE'/'SILENCE' statements within the same track.
The results, however, are undefined.
The end of a track specification may contain zero or more
index increment statements:
INDEX MM:SS:FF
Increments the index number at given position
within the track. The first statement will incre
ment from 1 to 2. The position is relative to the
real track start, not counting an existing pre-gap.
CD-TEXT Blocks
A CD-TEXT block may be placed in the global section to
define data valid for the whole CD and in each track spec
ification of a toc-file. The global section may define a
language map that is used to map a language-number to
country codes. Up to 8 different languages can be defined:
LANGUAGE_MAP { 0 : c1 1 : c2 ... 7 : c7 }
The country code may be an integer value in the
range 0..255 or one of the following countries (the
corresponding integer value is placed in braces
behind the token): EN(9, English)
It is just necessary to define a mapping for the
used languages. The mapping for the remaining lan
guage-numbers will be undefined and those language-
numbers should not be used.
Currently I am only aware of the country code for
English but it is possible to make some tests with
the general integer format.
If no language map is defined language-number 0 will be
mapped to English. The mapping for the language-numbers 1
to 7 will be undefined.
For each language a language block must exist that defines
the actual data for a certain language.
LANGUAGE language-number { cd-text-item cd-text-data cd-
text-item cd-text-data ... }
Defines the CD-TEXT items for given language-number
which must be defined in the language map.
The cd-text-data may be either a string enclosed by " or
binary data like
{ 0, 10, 255, ... }
where each integer number must be in the range 0..255.
The cd-text-item may be one of the following:
PERFORMER
String data.
SONGWRITER
String data.
COMPOSER
String data.
ARRANGER
String data.
MESSAGE
String data. Message to the user.
DISC_ID
String data: Should only appear in the global CD-
TEXT block. The format is usually: XY12345
GENRE I am not sure if this item should contain string or
binary data.
TOC_INFO1
Binary data: Structure currently unknown. Should
only appear in the global CD-TEXT block.
TOC_INFO2
Binary data: Structure currently unknown. Should
only appear in the global CD-TEXT block.
UPC_EAN
String data: This item should only appear in the
global CD-TEXT block. Was always an empty string on
the CD-TEXT CDs I had access to.
ISRC String data: ISRC code of track. The format is usu
ally: CC-OOO-YY-SSSSS
SIZE_INFO
Binary data: Contains summary about all CD-TEXT
data and should only appear in the global CD-TEXT
block. This item is automatically created if not
present. If CD-TEXT data is read via read-toc or
read-cd and modified afterwards the SIZE_INFO item
must be deleted because the data will not be valid
anymore.
If one of the CD-TEXT items TITLE, PERFORMER, SONGWRITER,
COMPOSER, ARRANGER, ISRC is defined for at least on track
it must be defined for all tracks. If a CD-TEXT item is
missing for a track and it is defined in the global CD-
for the track.
It is currently not possible to write CD-TEXT CDs with
more than one language. The resulting CD will not be
accepted by a CD-TEXT capable CD player.
Examples
Simple track without pre-gap with all audio data from WAVE
file "data.wav":
CD_DA
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "data.wav" 0
Standard track with two second pre-gap, ISRC code and CD-
TEXT:
CD_DA
CD_TEXT {
LANGUAGE_MAP {
0 : EN
}
LANGUAGE 0 {
TITLE "CD Title"
PERFORMER "Performer"
DISC_ID "XY12345"
UPC_EAN ""
}
}
TRACK AUDIO
ISRC "DEXXX9800001"
CD_TEXT {
LANGUAGE 0 {
TITLE "Track Title"
PERFORMER "Performer"
ISRC "DE-XXX-98-00001"
}
}
PREGAP 0:2:0
FILE "data.wav" 0
Track with 10 second pre-gap containing audio data from
raw file "data.cdr":
CD_DA
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "data.cdr" 0
START 0:10:0
Composed track with data from different files. Pre-gap
data and length is taken from "pregapdata.wav". The first
minute of "track.cdr" is omitted and two seconds silence
are inserted at ´2:0:0´. Index will be incremented after 2
CD_DA
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "pregapdata.wav" 0
START
FILE "track.cdr" 1:0:0 1:0:0
SILENCE 0:2:0
FILE "track.cdr" 2:0:0
INDEX 2:0:0
INDEX 4:0:0
Mixed mode CD with a data track as first track followed by
two audio tracks.
CD_ROM
TRACK MODE1
DATAFILE "data_1"
ZERO 00:02:00 // post-gap
TRACK AUDIO
SILENCE 00:02:00 // pre-gap
START
FILE "data_2.wav" 0
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "data_3.wav" 0
CUE FILES
Cue files may be used wherever a toc-file is expected. The
corresponding bin file is not taken from the FILE state
ment of a cue file but constructed from the cue file name
by replacing ".cue" by ".bin". The cue file must have
exactly one FILE statement.
Currently, following track modes are supported:
MODE1/2048, MODE1/2352, MODE2/2336, MODE2/2352. The CATA
LOG, ISRC and POSTGAP statements are parsed but not evalu
ated, yet.
BUGS
If the program is terminated during the write/simulation
process used IPC resources may not be released. Use
ipcs(8) and ipcrm(8) to delete them.
AUTHOR
Andreas Mueller mueller@daneb.ping.de
SEE ALSO
cdda2wav(1), cdparanoia(1), sox(1), ipcs(8), ipcrm(8)
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