INDEX
(The suffix letter 'n' denotes a footnote)
Abyssinia, 9, 10, 23
Admiralty, 4, 23–27, 58–60, 63, 65, 77–79, 98, 144, 160, 178, 196, 204–205, 210–211, 225–227, 231, 245, 250, 263, 266, 281, 286–300, 302, 331–332, 360, 375–376, 381n, 383, 398, 400–401
'programming of naval construction, 458–459
relations with contractors, 441–443, 447, 450
shipbuilding programmes—See under Naval construction
Board of Admiralty, 78
Controller of the Navy, 139, 256, 262n, 292
Department of Special Weapon Development, 280
Director of Naval Construction, 442
Engineer-in-Chief of the Fleet, 412
Engineer Overseers, 442
Merchant Shipbuilding and Repairs Division, 60, 139
Principal Ship Overseers, 442
Shipyard Development Committee, 297, 298, 302
Warship Production Superintendents, 442
—See also Manpower, Merchant Navy, Merchant shipbuilding, Royal Navy, Naval construction, Naval ship repairs
Admiralty Emergency Repair Overseers Organisation, 432
Admiralty Research and Experimental Establishments
Central Metallurgical Laboratory, 442
Experiment Works, 442
Naval Construction Research Establishment, 442
Research Laboratory, 442
Aerodromes, 55
Aero-engine firms, 5, 40, 67–68, 165, 167, 388, 398
Aero engines, 18, 19, 40, 67, 165, 245, 318, 324, 418
shortages of, 166–167, 328, 329, 331
types of
Centaurus, 167, 330n, 331
Griffon, 167
Hercules VI, 167
Merlin, 167, 246, 324, 324n, 325, 411
Peregrine, 167
Pratt and Whitney Twin Wasp, 330n
Sabre, 167, 315, 329, 438
Vulture, 125, 167, 330n
Whittle jet, 325
Aeroplanes
—See under Aircraft
Agency factories, 399, 423, 432–434, 449
—See also 'Shadow' factories
Air attack
by Allies on Germany, 408
by Germany on Britain, 115, 177, 149
effect on aircraft construction, 123–124, 164
effect on munitions industries, 180, 300, 407
effect on naval construction, 64
pre-war assumptions on scale of, 14, 56–57, 69
Air Defence of Great Britain (A.D.G.B.)
condition at time of Munich crisis, 55–57
demands after Dunkirk, 117
pre-Munich preparations, 14, 27, 28–29, 31–33
—See also Army, Radar and radio, Anti-aircraft guns
Air Force
—See under Royal Air Force
Air Ministry, 5, 14–22, 39–41, 66–69, 77–79, 84, 86–87, 95–96, 300, 317–322, 328, 336–342, 360, 381, 418–419, 433, 450
administrative changes 1934–38, 16, 20–21, 36; after Dunkirk, 137
Aeronautical Inspection Department (A.I.D.), 443
--491--
Air Ministry, contd.
Air Council, 328
Supply Committee of, 84
Air Member for Development and Production (A.M.D.P.), 20–21, 68–69, 137–138, 270
Air Member for Research and Development (A.M.R.D.), 20
Air Member for Supply and Research (A.M.S.R.), 20
Bawdsey Research Establishment, 361
Civil Member for Development and Production (C.M.D.P.), 137–138
Director of Aircraft Production (D.A.P.), 20, 38–39
Director of Engine Production, 67
Director of Planning of War Production (D.P.W.P.), 67
Director General of Production (D.G.P.), 21, 36, 167, 419
Directorate of Sub-contracts, 390n, 413n
—See also Ministry of Aircraft Production, Secretary of State for Air
Air Staff, 5, 14, 15, 21, 39, 56, 67–68, 116, 138, 169, 323–325, 328, 333, 344
Airborne troops, 129, 276
Aircraft, British
Battle of Britain, 116–117
design and development of, 78, 322–345
comparison between quality of British and German aircraft, 326
'marks' and 'modifications', 314, 322, 324, 339–344, 411
quality versus quantity, 322–326, 336–338
stages in, 333–335
first-line strength of, 4–5, 10, 15, 16, 18, 30
compared with German, 56, 107, 107n
main groups of,
bombers, 5, 67–68, 103, 123–126, 160, 169–170, 174, 274, 303–304, 306, 308, 309, 311, 317, 320, 325n, 326, 327–329, 330, 336, 462
fighters, 5, 39, 55, 103, 116, 118, 160, 169, 276, 308, 309, 311, 316, 326, 327
naval types, 174, 306, 308, 309, 311, 325, 311–332, 334
reconnaissance types, 174, 308, 309
trainers, 39, 160, 308, 309
transports, 56, 107, 246, 247, 309
output of, 16, 20, 22, 66, 137, 169–172, 247, 306, 309, 310–311, 313–314, 316, 341–342, 484–485
comparison between British and German output, 56
statistical methods of measuring, 169–172, 310
programmes, 17, 22, 66, 68, 120, 173, 174, 196, 305–307, 309
Scheme F, 11, 15–16, 39, 327
Scheme J, 86
Scheme L, 18–20, 40, 56, 68, 84, 86–87, 112, 323, 472
'Harrogate' programme, 69, 69n, 173, 196, 202, 313, 455, 474
'Hennessy' programme, 124, 164, 173
'Bomber' programmes, 125–126, 173, 209, 220, 225, 304, 305–306, 477
'Consolidated' programme, 306, 308
'Realistic' programmes, 173, 307, 308, 479, 480, 481
'Manpower allocation' programmes, 309, 482, 483
'September' and 'Modified September' programmes, 376
repair of, 316–320
reserves of, 16, 16n, 39, 40, 107
spares for, 316–320
supplies to U.S.S.R., 119, 276
types of
Barracuda, 311
Battle, 16, 171n, 325
Beaufighter, 309, 324, 325, 325n, 327, 330, 334
Beaufort, 16
Blenheim, 16, 116, 323n, 324, 325, 326
Buckingham, 309, 325, 330–331, 336, 388n
Defiant, 16, 323n, 324, 325n, 341
Fury, 18
Gauntlet, 5
Halifax, 125, 170, 171n, 309, 324, 328, 329, 334, 341, 398, 418, 462
Hampden, 16, 323n, 328–328, 341
Harrow, 18
Hart, 18
--492--
Hawker, 325
Hendon, 5
Hind, 5
Hurricane, 16, 55, 105, 116, 171n, 309, 323n, 324, 325n, 327n, 341
Lancaster, 170, 208, 309, 311, 318, 326, 329, 341, 414n, 462
Lysander, 16
Manchester, 125, 170, 171n, 324, 328, 329, 334, 419
Mosquito, 309, 322, 325, 326, 331, 334, 341
Seafire, 342
Skua, 16
Spitfire, 15, 55, 106, 116, 165n, 169, 170, 309, 318, 322, 323n, 324, 327, 329, 330, 340–341, 411
Stirling, 125, 170, 171n, 208, 309, 324, 348, 329, 334, 341, 418, 462, 463
Sunderland, 309
Swordfish, 332
Tempest, 276, 309, 329, 336
Tornado, 171n
Typhoon, 169, 276, 325, 327, 329, 336
Warwick, 309, 330
Wellesley, 16
Wellington, 15, 56, 116, 125, 170, 171n, 208, 309, 318, 322, 323n, 346, 327–328, 330m, 336, 341
Whitley, 16, 116, 170, 171n, 325
Windsor, 330
Aircraft, Canadian, 229, 247
Aircraft, United States
British requests for, 230–231, 235
in Middle East, 126
supplies to Britain, 236, 246, 248
types of
Catalina, 245
Corsair, 332
Douglas Invader, 331n
Flying Fortress, 245
Hellcat, 332
Hudson, 126
Kittyhawk, 126
Liberator, 126, 245
Martlet, 332
Mustang, 245, 330
Superfortress, 246
Tomahawk, 244
Aircraft carriers, 2, 3, 24, 25, 58–59, 63–65, 246n, 289, 290, 294
Aircraft forgings, 67, 214
Aircraft industry, 5, 315–316, 335–336
effect of policy of dispersal on, 124, 164–166, 319, 394, 406
expansion under rearmament orders, 16, 18–19, 21–22, 40–41, 67–68
factories, 19, 40, 82, 164, 173, 179, 393, 408–409
comparison between British and American factories 390–391
'family' of aircraft firms, 5, 21, 319, 398, 435–436
increased productivity 1943–44, 315–316
production 'groups', 398, 418–419
raw materials and, 19, 21, 311–312
relations with Air Ministry and M.A.P., 5, 20–22, 40, 435–439, 443
planning of aircraft production, 21–22, 461–466
sub-contracting in, 21–22, 96, 98, 398
—See also Aircraft, Aero-engine firms, Manpower, Machine tools, Propellers, Raw materials, Shift-working
Airframes, 5, 40, 41, 67
Alamein, El, 193, 198
Allen West & Co. Ltd., 367
Allies, 29, 54, 61, 70, 83, 213, 299, 276, 288
—See also under France, U.S.S.R., United States of America
Allocations
—See under Industrial capacity (allocation system), Manpower (allocations of), Raw materials (allocation system)
--493--
Alloy sheet, 67, 161
Aluminium, 38n, 89, 91, 119, 156, 157
Amalgamated Engineering Union, 99, 149, 151
Amber mica, 38n
Ammunition, 8, 43, 45–46, 94n, 117, 184, 229, 276 ,403
output of, 175–182, 350, 353–355, 371, 374–375
requirements of, 131–135, 287, 348, 353, 373, 374–
—See also Small arms ammunition, Royal Ordnance Factories
Anderson, Sir John, 265
—See also Lord President of the Council, Chancellor of the Exchequer
Anglo-American supply organisation
—See under Combined Boards
Anglo-American supply relations, 227–248, passim
—See also United States of America
Anglo-French military conversations, 54, 70–73
Anti-aircraft guns, 7, 44, 160, 231
at time of Munich, 55, 57
losses in France, 117
output of, 103, 106, 182–183
compared with German output, 109–110
requirements of, 73, 130, 132, 231, 237, 239
supplies from Canada, 235
types of
3-inch 20-cwt., 7, 32, 55, 106
3.7-inch, 55, 103, 106, 109, 176, 182, 183n, 276, 350
4.5-inch, 103, 106, 276
5.25-inch, 276
40-mm., 106, 160, 183, 299, 350
twin 6-pounder, 276, 350
Anti-aircraft rockets, (U.P.), 178
Antimony, 38n, 212
Armaments, 35, 36, 41, 112, 275, 399
design and development of, 270–274
—See also individual items, e.g. guns, tanks, ammunition
Armaments Profit Duty, 88n
Armed Forces, 9, 126, 220
—See also Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy
Armour plate, 50, 51, 63, 65
Armoured fighting vehicles
armoured and scout cars, 132
armoured carriers, 73, 103, 130, 132, 350
tanks—See under Tanks
Armoured formations, 129, 135, 190–191
Armstrong, Sir W. G.—Whitworth Aircraft Ltd., 419
Army, 6–8, 27–34, 69–76, 126–136, 345
programmes
'deficiency', 30–31, 41, 47, 40
32-division, 72–77, 81, 113, 178, 180, 190, 192
36-division, 73n, 75, 128, 178
55-division, 68, 73, 74, 75–76, 128, 134
scales of equipment, 9, 41, 57, 72, 73, 76, 104, 132–134
size and role of, 6, 27–34, 57, 69–70, 71–76, 126–136, 229, 345, 348, 377
supply requirements of, 72–75, 81, 117–119, 129, 130–136, 275–276, 277, 287, 345–347, 359, 363, 378, 382
reductions in, 135, 175, 180, 347, 350–352, 379, 461
Territorial Army, 6, 28–30, 31, 33, 34, 57, 72
Army clothing, 103, 104, 111, 117, 175n, 176
Army Council. 44
Artillery, field, medium and heavy guns
25-pounder, 44, 103, 132, 176, 182, 350
18-pounder, 7
75-mm., 117
7.2-inch How., 350
—See also Anti-aircraft guns, Naval guns, Tank and anti-tank guns
Asbestos, 90, 159
Ashworth, Mr. W., 444n
Assistance Chief of the Imperial General Staff (A.C.I.G.S.), 359
--494--
Atlantic, Battle of the, 59, 63, 115, 198, 200, 201, 212, 215, 235, 242, 277, 288, 290, 292, 300, 301, 304
Austin Motor Co. Ltd., 125, 208, 388, 398, 418
Australia, 90, 157
Austria, 16, 17
Auxiliary fleet carriers, 289–290
Ayre, Sir Amos, 139
Babelsburg, conference at, 377
'Baker floating dolphins', 281
Balance of payments, 82, 83, 230
Baldwin, Mr. Stanley (later Earl Baldwin of Bewdley), 14
—See also Prime Minister
Balfour, Sir Arthur, 392n
Balkan States, effect of interruption of trade with, 155
Barlow, Mr. (later Sir Robert), 260, 297n
Barlow Committee, 297
Barrage balloons, 55, 161, 173
Battleships, 3, 24, 49, 51, 59, 287, 288, 294
Bauxite, 89
Beardmore, Wm. & Co. Ltd., 43, 395, 399
Beaverbrook, Lord, 252
—See also Minister of Aircraft Production, Minister of Supply, Minister of Production
'Bel' type vessels, 303
Belgian Congo, tin from, 212
Belgium integrity guaranteed by Germany, 29
Berchtesgaden, 54
Beveridge, Sir William (later Lord), 141, 147, 150, 152, 219, 454
Bevin, Mr. Ernest, 145, 250
—See also Minister of Labour and National Service
Billingham, 46
Birmingham, 150, 153, 164, 352
Birmingham Small Arms Co. Ltd. (B.S.A.), 8, 394, 394, 400–401, 406, 413, 414n, 416, 428, 439
Bismarck, The, 332
Board of Trade, 89, 90, 91, 146, 383–394
Board of Trade Supply Organisation, 35, 37
'Bolero' Operation, 277–278, 286
Bolivia, tin from, 212
'Bombardon', The, 280, 281, 282
Bomber Command, 304, 306, 463
Bombs, 160, 173, 178, 371, 381n
Boom defence vessels, 59, 65
Boulton Paul Aircraft Ltd., 325n
Bridging equipment, 189, 283
Bristol, 164
Bristol Aeroplane Co. Ltd., 18, 235n, 330, 335, 398
Britain, Battle of, 115, 116, 184, 316, 324
British Empire, 89–90, 130, 173, 234, 247
British Expeditionary Force (B.E.F.), 117, 133, 175, 362
British Manufacture and Research Co., The, 396, 400, 428
British Purchasing Commission, 94n
British Supply Council, 238
British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd., 149, 165, 376, 388
British Valve Manufacturers' Association, 360, 363
Brooke-Popham programme, 32
—See also Air Defence of Great Britain
Brown, Engineer Vice-Admiral Sir Harold, 36, 262n, 273, 412
—See also Ministry of Supply and War Office, Controller-General/Director General of Munitions Production
Brown, David & Sons (Huddersfield) Ltd., 260
Building, control over, 93–94, 158
Building industry, 19, 149, 156, 160
Burgin Dr. Leslie, 74—See also Minister of Supply
Burma, 377
'Business as usual'—See Normal trade, Doctrine of
--495--
Cabinet, 9, 17, 18, 26, 29, 30, 46–47, 55, 57, 68, 71, 72, 77–78
—See also Committee of Imperial Defence, War Cabinet
Calcium carbide, 159
Cammell Laird & Co Ltd., 149
Canada, 89, 178, 206n, 221, 245, 291
supplies from, 157, 207n, 229, 234–235
'Capacity clearing centres', 390
Capacity Register ('List 392'), 35, 42, 43, 258
Capital assistance to firms, government schemes of, 445–452
'capital clause' procedure, 446
contributory and non-contributory schemes, 447–449
progress payments, 450–452
Scheme C, 451
Capital equipment
of industry, 202–204, 445–449
of the armed forces, 41, 196, 246, 346
—See also Industrial capacity
Capital ships, 2, 3, 25, 58, 59, 65, 289
Casablanca, conference at, 200
Cement, 160
Central Priority Committee, 161–162, 259
Central Statistical Office, 250
Ceylon, 212
Chamberlain, Mr. Neville, 54, 55, 121, 128
—See also Prime Minister
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 11, 13
(Sir J. Simon), 13, 17, 18n, 26, 29, 55, 71n, 80, 81, 453
(Sir John Anderson), 265
Chatfield, Lord, 71n
Chemical firms, 177
—See also Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.
Cherwell Lord, 144, 348, 362
Chief of the Imperial General Staff (C.I.G.S.), 74
Chiefs of Staff, 53, 63, 70, 73, 79, 87, 119–122, 127, 379n
Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee, 11, 29
Chromite, 212
Churchill, Mr. Winston S., 284m, 286n—See also Prime Minister, First Lord of the Admiralty
Civilian industry, 88, 93, 146, 374
—See also Normal trade, doctrine of
Civilian Repair Organisation, 319, 422
Coastal Command, 126
Coastal defence, 33, 57
Cole, E. K. Ltd., 366, 368
Combined Board, 252
Combined Raw Materials Board, 240, 255
Combined Munitions Assignment Board, 240, 278n
Combined Shipping Adjustment Board, 240n
Combined Production and Resources Board, 241
Combined Chiefs of Staff, 240
Combined Operations, 279, 280, 281
Commandos, 122, 129, 284
Committee for Scientific Survey of Air Defence, 106
Committee of Imperial Defence (C.I.D.), 1, 9, 30, 35, 53, 57, 58, 71, 76–77, 87, 90
Sub-Committees of, 9, 11, 32, 77
—See also Defence Requirements Sub-Committee, Defence Plans (Policy) Sub-Committee, Defence Policy and Requirements Committee, Principal Supply Officers' Committee, Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee
Committee of Industrialists, 392, 397
Committee of Principal Priority Officers (later Central Priority Committee), 161, 161n
Concentration of industry, 148, 218
Conferences between Prime Minister and President Roosevelt, 198–199, 200, 240
Conference on labour requirements, December 1939, 99, 100
'Continental hypothesis'
—See under 'Limited liability' doctrine
Control of Employment Act, 97–98
Controller of the Navy, 139, 256, 262n, 292
Controllers—See under Raw Materials, Controls; Machine-tool Controller General
--496--
Convoys, 58, 59, 60, 289
Copper, 89, 158, 212
Corvettes, 59, 64, 229, 291, 292, 295
prefabrication, 295–296, 302
Cosmos Manufacturing Co., 361
Cossor, A. C. Ltd., 361, 368
Cotton, 89, 93, 159, 162, 213n
Coventry district, 150, 164
Crane ships, 303
Craven, Sir Charles, 137, 138, 260n, 261, 312
Cripps, Sir Stafford, 173, 306, 307, 323, 358
—See also Minister of Aircraft Production
Cruisers, 2, 3, 24, 25, 49, 58, 59, 63, 65, 66, 294
D-Day, preparations for, 226, 277–287, 292–293
Daimler Co. Ltd., 388, 398
Defence Committee (Supply), 135n, 143, 184, 192, 209, 249, 251, 267, 308, 350
Defence Plans (Policy) Sub-Committee, 44
Defence Policy and Requirements Sub-Committee, 9, 38
'D.R.C. standard', 24–25, 50
—See Royal Navy
'Deficiency' programme of the Army, 30–31, 41, 47, 70
de Havilland Aircraft Co. Ltd., 151
Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff (D.C.I.G.S.), 194
Desert Campaign, 117–118, 187
—See also North Africa
Destroyers, 2, 3, 24, 25, 49, 58, 59, 63, 64, 65–676, 291, 293n, 294, 298, 380
from United States, 61, 231
Devons, Professor E., 414n, 456n, 466n
Dieppe landing, 193, 281
Dispersal policy, 124, 164–166, 319, 394, 406
Drop forgings, 153–154, 161, 184, 221
Drop forging plants, 146, 150
Duncan, Sir Andrew, 139n, 140n
—See also Minister of Supply
Duncan Hall, Mr. H., 229n
Dunkirk, as a landmark in history of war production, Chapters III and IV passim
Dynatron Radio, 367
E-boats, 60
Eastern Supply Group, 247
Economic Policy Committee (Ministerial), 79, 80, 433–434
Economic Policy Committee (Official), 79
Eden, Mr. Anthony, 14
'Educational' orders, 44–45
—See also War potential, supplies for the Army
Egypt
—See Middle East
Eisenhower, General Dwight D., 282
Electrical equipment, 299
Electrical manufacturing industries, 388, 405
Electrical and Musical Industries Ltd. (E.M.I(, 367
Emergency Powers Act, May 1940, 145n
Empire and Allied Forces, equipment of, 229, 234
Employment of Women (Control of Engagement) Order, 148
Employment exchanges, 97, 147, 148, 149, 150
Engineer-in-Chief of the Fleet, 412
—See also Brown, Engineer Vice-Admiral Sir Harold
Engineering and allied industries, 19, 98, 149, 152, 158n, 207, 293, 296, 405–406, 408, 412
Engineering products, 35, 267, 287, 353, 355
Engineering Employers' Federation, 99, 151
--497--
English Electric Co. Ltd., 315, 388, 398, 418, 456, 438
Escort vessels, 25, 58, 59, 63, 235, 246n, 286, 290–292, 294, 296, 302
Essential Work Order, March 1941, 149, 150
Essential Work (Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing) Order, March 1941, 64
Excess Profits Tax, 88, 88n, 444
Expenditure, government
on armaments in inter-war period, 1, 2, 3
on fixed capital for war production 445–449
on radio and radar, 359
on rearmament, 12, 23, 24–27, 28, 30–33, 81
Explosives
manufacture of, 8, 45, 46, 177, 427
production programmes in Canada, 229
reductions in requirements of, 352
Export trade, 93
Fairey Aviation Co. Ltd., 18, 398
Far East, 3, 9, 23–25, 60, 136, 157, 201, 212, 285
war in, effects on naval requirements, 288, 298–299
special requirements for, 298, 377–378
Fedden, Sir Roy, 335
Federation of British Industries, 416
Ferranti Ltd., 367
Ferro-chrome, 38n
Field forces, 6, 28, 30, 33, 68, 71, 74, 127, 196
Fighter Command, 116
Fighting Services, 1,9–12, 35, 53–57, 219, 271, 274
—See also Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy
Financial policy, 12–13, 55, 80–82
arguments in support of financial stringency before 1938, 13, 26
effect of financial stringency on
equipment of the Army, 6, 27–32, 71, 81
expansion of the R.A.F., 5, 14–15 ,17–18, 20
naval construction, 3, 23, 25–27, 47, 58, 82
procedural changes after outbreak of war, 83–85
—See also Balance of payments, Expenditure, government, Lend-Lease Act
Fire control gear
—See under Naval construction
First Lord of the Admiralty, 74, 144
First World War, The, 7, 37, 95, 100, 102, 134, 206
Five-year government loan, 12
Flax, 89, 90, 91, 155, 158
Fleet Air Arm, 289, 331–332
Fleet train, 294, 375–376
Folland Aircraft Ltd., 436
Foodstuffs, 119, 121, 236
Ford Motor Co. Ltd., 124, 315, 388, 398, 411
Foreign Secretary, 71, 86
France, 29, 60, 61, 108n, 122, 123, 185, 190, 200, 230, 271, 288
Anglo-French military conversations, 70–73
British losses of Army equipment in, 115, 117, 160
landings in 1944, 187, 191, 282, 284–285
Freeman, Air Chief Marshal Sir Wilfred, 20, 21, 137, 138, 168, 273, 306
—See also Air Ministry, Air Member for Development and Production; Ministry of Aircraft Production, Chief Executive
Freeman-Lemon reform, 21–22, 464
Frigates, 291, 292
Fuses, 46, 276
Gardner, Sir Charles Bruce, 315
Gas-filled projectiles, 348, 350
Gauges, 35n, 37, 45, 67, 184, 205, 206
General Aircraft Ltd., 436
General Credit Vote, 83
—See also Financial policy
--498--
General Electric Co. Ltd., (G.E.C.), 360, 366, 367 ,388
General Staff, Army, 30, 73, 185, 187, 189, 194
General equipment and stores, 35, 104, 104n, 111, 135, 175, 175n, 287, 356
Germany, 9 ,16–17, 25, 29, 32, 54, 70–72, 114, 117, 123, 190
assumptions on date of end of war with, 372–373
comparison between Germany and British state of readiness in October 1938 and September 1939, 56–57, 107–109; in June 1940, 109–111, 119
design of armaments in, 271, 272
invasion of U.S.S.R., 115, 197
rearmament in the air, 14, 16–17, 56–57, 68 ,471
'Speer' experiment, 316, 408, 465
strength of Navy pre-war, 24 ,58, 59, 60
Gneisenau, The, 332
Gowing, Mrs. M. M., 79n, 158n, 371n
'Gooseberries', The, 280
Greenwood & Batley Ltd., 8, 181, 396
Gun barrels, 43, 44, 46, 55, 229, 353
Gun carriages and mountings, 103, 105, 119, 182, 283, 399n, 400, 420–421
—See also Naval construction, gun mountings
Guns, 7, 33, 43, 51, 82, 135, 160
losses in France, 177
manufacture of, 399, 418, 420, 427
output of, 45, 48, 50–51, 103, 104–105, 109, 176, 24, 353, 355 ,371, 381
requirements of, 73, 130–132, 229, 231 ,237, 239
supplies from United States, 246–248
—See also Artillery, anti-aircraft guns, Mortars, Naval guns, Tank and anti-tank guns
H2S, 362, 364, 463
—See also Radar and radio
Hague Convention, 58
Hais cable, 279
Halder, General, 108
Halifax, Lord, 71, 86
Hamel steel pipe, 279
Hancock, Professor W. K., 79n, 158n, 371n
Handley Page Ltd., 18, 320, 325n, 398
Hankey, Lord, 369
Harriman, Mr. Averell, 252
Harrogate, 137
Hawker Aircraft Ltd., 18, 324n
Hawker-Siddeley Group, 336, 388, 390, 417
Hawthorn, R & W., Leslie & Co. Ltd., 293n
Hay, Mr. D., 195n
Hemp, 89, 91, 155, 212
Hennessy, Mr. (later Sir Patrick), 125, 138
High carbon, 38n
Hitler, Adolf, 9, 14, 15, 23, 55, 107, 111, 115, 148, 323
'Home Chain', 106, 107, 361
—See also Radar and radio
Home Counties, 151, 164
Home Defence Force (later Home Guard), 15, 117, 348
Home Waters, 3, 23, 24, 25
Honduras, workers from, 221
Hong Kong, 288
Hore-Belisha, Mr. L., 71, 74
—See also Secretary of State for War
Hornby, Mr. William, 201n
House of Commons Debates
—See under Parliament
Hurstfield, Mr. J., 38n, 88n, 152n, 211n
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. (I.C.I.), 8, 177, 181, 387, 396, 399, 427n, 433
Imperial Conference of 1937, 89–90
Income tax, 12
India, 345
--499--
Industrial capacity, 35, 42, 45, 75, 93–94, 102, 112, 158n, 202–203
allocation system, 162, 163, 184, 460
overseas, 177 ,178, 461
priority certificates, 161–162
production for Army, 42, 43–44, 203, 204, 346, 347
Merchant Navy, 62
R.A.F., 14, 17, 18, 19, 40, 41, 67–68, 168, 202, 203, 338
Royal Navy, 26, 58, 203–204, 210–211, 299
radio production, 359–361, 363, 365–368
reconversion to civilian industry, 383–384
Industrial Capacity Committee, 141, 143n, 250, 259, 263–264
Industrial mobilisation, 76
—See also Aircraft industry, Civilian industry, Munitions industry
Industrialists, Advisory Group of, 36, 392
Industry comparison between position in 1935 and 1945, 384–386
government control over, 11, 22, 440–441
—See also Aircraft industry, Civilian industry, Munitions industry
Inman, Mrs. P., 217n
Inter-Service Training and Development Centre (I.S.T.D.C.), 284n
Ireland, workers from, 154, 221
Iron ore, 89, 90, 155, 156, 157, 213, 216, 267
Iron and Steel Control, 91, 153
Iron and steel trades, 405–406
Ironside, General (C.I.G.S.), 74
Italy, 5, 9, 15, 60, 122, 190, 200, 201, 215
Japan, 3, 9, 197, 211–212, 288, 294, 376, 377, 379
Jerricans, 283, 356
Jigs, 45, 67
Joint War Production Staff (J.W.P.S.), 223, 256–257, 260, 263, 266, 268, 454
Joint War Planning Group, 257
Jones, Mr. Garro (later Lord Trefgarne), 369n
Jute, 91, 162
Kaiser, Mr. Henry J., 409, 465
Kaiser-Todd contract, 231
Keynes, Mr. J. M. (later Lord), 13, 373
Labour, 18, 63, 88, 147, 201, 222
skilled, 48, 49, 9–102, 145, 149–152, 154, 184, 217–218, 359, 38–369
unskilled, 146–147, 154, 267, 369
women, 102, 147, 148, 218, 221–222, 224
—See also Manpower
Labour Coordinating Committee, 265–267
Labour Party, The, 145
Labour Preference Committee, 254, 265–268
Labour training schemes, 99 ,154, 205, 217, 282
Land Forces Committee, 74
Landing craft, 200, 226, 247, 262, 275, 278, 284–286, 292–294, 298, 380
prefabrication of, 295–296
supplies from United States, 246–248
Layton, Sir Walter T. (later Lord), 139, 231, 233, 234, 254, 256–257, 458
Lead, 90, 157, 279
Lemon, Sir Ernest ,21, 261, 338–339, 342, 464, 465, 466
—See also Air Ministry, Director General of Production
Lend-Lease Act, 157, 236, 373
Leyland Motors Ltd., 413
Libyan campaign
—See North Africa
Light alloys, 19, 67, 68, 215
Light fleet carriers, 289–290
Lighters, 303
Limitation of Supplies (Miscellaneous) Orders, 141, 148, 158
'Limited liability' doctrine, 28, 29, 30, 33, 70–71, 81
--500--
Lindemann, Professor F. A.
—See under Cherwell, Lord
Lithgow, Sir James, 139, 392n
Lobnitz & Co., 280n
Location of Industry Committee, 258
Locomotive firms, 426
London, 32, 100, 151, 352, 360
London Aircraft Production Group, 398
London Naval Treaty 1930, 2, 3, 9, 23–24
Lord President of the Council, 143, 214, 215, 223–224, 249, 265, 304, 312
Lord President's Committee, 143, 157, 159
Lothian, Lord, 57
Lucas, Mr. Oliver, 140
'Lucayan' dredger, 280n
Luftwaffe, 16, 86n
Lyttelton, Mr. Oliver
—See Minister of Production
MacArthur, General Douglas, 377MacDonald, Mr. Ramsay, 13
McKinnon Committee, 396
McLintock Agreement, 446
Macmillan, Mr. Harold, 263
Machine-tool Control, 94n, 205, 206, 207, 210, 211, 255, 439
Machine-tool Controller General, 209, 297
Machine tools, 151, 169, 184, 201–211, 255, 264, 486
and aircraft industry, 19, 203–204, 205, 208–210
and munitions industries, 204, 205, 210
and shipbuilding industry, 58, 204, 210–211
and war potential, 45, 67, 206
for U.S.S.R., 119, 121
'mutual aid' scheme, 422
priority for, 161, 161n
procurement of, from United States, 94, 94n, 21, 206–207, 229–230, 235
special purpose tools, 401–403, 411
supplies of, 205, 207
Machinery, licensing of, 158n
Madagascar, 200
Magnesite, 38n
Magnesium, 38n, 156
Magnetos, 165
Malaya, 198, 212, 288, 377
Malta, 332
Manchuria, 9, 10
Man-hours, 340–341, 409, 410, 466
Manpower
allocations of, 151–152, 225, 226–227, 379–380
growing short of, and munitions aid from United States, 236, 242–243
industrial distribution of, 101–102
military recruitment and munitions industries, 95, 147, 219, 220
Schedule of Reserved Occupations, 95–96, 151, 220
priorities for, 151, 226, 268, 305
preference machinery, 295–269, 309, 381
requirements and supplies of, for
aircraft industry and M.A.P., 19, 22, 96, 151–152, 172, 220, 225–227, 268–269, 304–305, 309, 310, 312–313, 376, 379, 381
'Bolero' operation, 278
merchant shipbuilding, 62, 300–302
'Mulberry', 282
munitions industries (War Office and Ministry of Supply), 146, 147, 150, 152, 154, 175, 220–221, 225–227, 268, 347, 348–349, 350–352, 353, 371, 372, 379, 381, 382, 383
naval shipbuilding and Admiralty industries, 4, 48, 49, 61, 62, 64–66, 96–96, 146, 149, 152, 218, 292–293, 295, 296, 298, 300, 375, 379–380, 424
surveys of, 85, 100–101, 147, 219, 220, 223–224, 226
training schemes, 99, 154, 205, 217, 282
--501--
Manpower contd.
upgrading and dilution, 99–100, 152, 217
—See also Labour
Manpower Committee, 141, 250, 259n, 265, 273
Manpower Requirements Committee, 141, 142, 147, 150, 152, 219, 220
Marshall, General George, 199, 345n
Marquis, Sir Frederick J. (later Woolton), 104n
Matapan, Battle of, 332
May, Mr. Stacy, 238
Medical supplies, 119, 356–358
Mediterranean, 23, 60, 61, 63, 155, 212n, 215, 286, 288
Mensforth, Mr. E., 391n, 409n, 410n
Merchant Navy, 280, 290
Merchant shipbuilding and repair
construction of merchant vessels, 26, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64–65, 300–303, 380
conversion of merchant vessels for naval use, 56, 65–66
repair of merchant vessels, 62, 139, 300–301, 380–381
Metalworking industries, 405
Metropolitan Air Force, 316–317, 318
Metropolitan-Vickers Electric Co. Ltd., 361, 367, 388, 393, 419
Mica, 91
Micklem, Commander E. R., 355n
Middle East, 60, 188, 122, 126, 129, 130, 132, 190, 200, 211, 244
Midlands, The, 100, 146, 412
Military Coordination Committee, 75, 79–80, 134, 175, 190
Militia, formation of, 72
Mills, Sir Percy, 255–256, 260n, 261
—See also Machine-tool Controller General
Mines, 58, 59, 60, 353
Minesweepers, 25, 58, 59, 65, 246n, 291, 294, 380
Minister for Coordination of Defence
(Sir Thomas Inskip), 11, 12, 18n, 26, 29, 35, 39, 77, 87
(Lord Chatfield), 71n
Minister of Aircraft Production
(Lord Beaverbrook), 116, 123, 124, 137–138, 160–161, 165, 168, 173, 230–231, 235, 319, 324
(Colonel Moore-Brabazon), 138, 435
(Colonel J. J. Llewellin), 306
(Sir Stafford Cripps), 173, 306, 307, 323, 358
—See also Ministry of Aircraft Production
Minister of Defence, 143, 192
Minister of Labour and National Service
(Mr. Ernest Brown), 69, 97
(Mr. Ernest Bevin), 142, 145, 221, 312, 369n
—See also Ministry of Labour
Minister of Production
(Lord Beaverbrook), 252, 264
(Mr. Oliver Lyttelton), 215, 240–242, 248–274, 297, 304, 312, 349, 353, 459
—See also Ministry of Production
Minister of Supply
(Dr. Leslie Burgin), 69, 74, 75
(Mr. Herbert Morrison), 134, 139, 160, 184
(Sir Andrew Duncan), 139n, 140n, 225–256
(Lord Beaverbrook), 118, 138, 140, 209, 252
—See also Ministry of Supply
Ministry of Aircraft Production, 20, 40, 69, 94n, 124–126, 151, 160, 164–173, 200, 225–227, 266, 270, 322–344, 358, 378
administrative changes in June 1941, 138
formation of, 116, 137
priorities and, 116, 123, 151, 153, 159–161
programming activities of, 455–456
relations with aircraft industry, 394, 435–439, 443, 451, 461–466
—See also Aircraft, Aircraft industry, Machine tools, Manpower, Priorities, industrial
Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment, 437
--502--
Aircraft Production Officer, 437
Aircraftt Supply Council, 138, 364, 367
Airframes Modifications Committee, 343, 344
Chief Executive, 273, 306
Controller of Communications Equipment, 367
Controller General, 138, 260n, 312
Deputy Director General of Statistics and Programmes, 307, 312, 313–314
Deputy Directorate General of Statistics and Programmes, 170, 455, 456, 466
Director of Machine Tools, 209
Director of Radio Production, 368
Director General of Research and Development, 325
Directorate General of Technical Development, 333
Directorate General of Materials Production, 311, 312, 438, 459
Drop Forgings Committee, 153
Overseers, 437
Parliamentary Secretary, 364
Permanent Secretary, 138
Production Directorates, 138
Production Efficiency Board, 315, 438
Regional and Emergency Services Organisation, 173
Resident Technical Officers, 436
Royal Aircraft Establishment, 361, 437
Secretariat, 138
Telecommunications Research Establishment, 463
Ministry of Economic Warfare, 79n
Ministry of Food, 79n
Ministry of Home Security, 79n
Ministry of Information, 79n
Ministry of Labour and National Service, 79, 96, 97–100, 145–152, 154, 220, 223, 226, 251, 263, 265–269, 312, 351
Ministry of Material Resources, pre-war plans for a, 77–78
Ministry of Munitions, 37, 77, 78, 100
Ministry of National Service, 79, 79n
Ministry of Production, 43, 144, 215, 248–274
Chief Executive, 262, 268
Industrial Division, 258–259
Industrial Panel, 258, 260
Joint Industrial Staff and Joint Production Committee, project for, 259–260
Minister of Production's Council, 253
Munitions Management and Labour Efficiency Committee ('Five Man Board'), 260, 261n
Permanent Secretary, 259n
Progress Division, 260, 261
Ministry of Shipping, 60
Ministry of Supply, 73, 94, 100, 112, 127, 130–137, 160, 174–194, 196, 205, 210, 217, 230, 235, 259, 263, 266, 270–274, 280–283, 345–357, 374, 397, 428
administrative changes 1940–41, 139–141
Index of Production, 174, 175, 353–354
pre-war plans for a, 76–78, 80, 270
procedure for 'end-of-war' cancellations, 381–383
programming activities of, 456–458
'reduction of requirements' technique, 351–352
relations with private contractors, 98, 394, 439, 449, 451
supplies from United States, 231–232, 234, 237–238
Armoured Fighting Vehicle Division, 355n
Central Priority Department, 42–43
Controller General of Munitions Production, 140, 262n, 273, 351, 429
Controller General of Research and Development, 140
Director General of Equipment and Stores, 104, 104n
Director General of Filling Factories, 429
Director General of Ordnance Factories, 429
Director General of Programmes, 133, 139, 181, 458, 461
Directorate of Medical Supplies, 356
Executive Committee, 140, 458
Minister's Council, 140
Permanent Secretary, 140
Production Directorates, 140–141, 177, 180
Raw Materials Department, 80, 90, 91–92, 159, 213, 215
--503--
Ministry of Supply, contd.
Second Secretary (Supply), 351
Secretariat, 140–141
Senior Supply Officer, 273n
Statistics Branch, 139, 174
Supply Council, 139, 140
Under Secretary (Supply), 346
Ministry of War Transport, 280
Molybdenum, 38n
Monckton, Sir Walter, 283
Monnet, Monsieur Jean, 121, 232
Moore-Brabazon, Colonel (later Lord Brabazon), 138, 435
Morgenthau, Mr. Henry, 373
Morris Motors Ltd., 319
—See also Nuffield Organisation
Morrison, Mr. Herbert, 134
—See also Minister of Supply
Mortars, 350, 371
Motor car industry, 40, 405, 418, 426, 433
Motor cycles, 73, 117, 130, 132
Motor torpedo boats, 59, 246n
Motor transport vehicles, 6, 117, 236
'Mulberry', 144, 275, 278, 280–284, 286, 287, 433
—See also Baker floating dolphins, Bombardon, Gooseberries, Phoenix, Whale
Mullard Radio Valve Co. Ltd., 360
Munich crisis, 14, 36, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 67, 69, 70, 76, 80, 84, 86, 91, 95, 105, 107, 112
Munitions industry
costs of production, 409–410
compared with United States, 409
demobilisation of
Stage I, 372, 376
Stage II, 372, 373, 377–379
Stage III, 372, 379–383
'free issues', 414–416
grouping of firms, 299, 417–422
management in, 18, 165, 394–395, 408
mobilisation of small firms, 389–390, 391
compared with United States, 388–389
relations with Government, 423–466
size of industrial units in Britain and the United States, 387–391, 404–406
specialisation of firms and equipment, 395–404, 407–408, 410–411
compared with specialisation in the United States, 407, 411
sub-contracting, 21, 22, 49, 96, 98, 412, 414, 416
—See also Agency factories, Aircraft industry, Machine tools, Manpower, Raw materials, Rearmament, Royal Ordnance Factories, War potential
Mussolini, Benito, 23, 200
Napier, D., & Son Ltd., 149, 151, 398, 438National Aircraft Factories, First World war, 435
National Munition Factories, 7, 393, 432
Naval aircraft
—See Aircraft, main groups
Naval construction
hulls, 296, 298, 302
labour problems, 49, 63, 65–66, 96–97, 292–293, 300
output of new vessels, 27, 64, 294–300
programmes of new construction, 3, 23–27, 47, 58–66, 82, 113, 196, 284–294, 375–376, 380, 469, 470
raw materials shortages, 64–65, 298
requirements and supplies of specialised equipment, 299–300
engines, 298, 299, 302
fire control gear, 43, 49–50, 299
gun mountings, 48–49, 50, 51, 66, 299, 441
special requirements for war in Far East, 294, 298, 377–378
—See also Battleships, Cruisers, Destroyers, Escort vessels, Landing craft, Shipbuilding industry, Small vessels
--504--
Naval dockyards, 47–48, 59, 146, 204, 423–424, 432, 441
Naval guns, 50–51, 299, 400, 414
Naval ship repairs, 60–62, 66, 113, 380
Naval Staff, 63, 78, 288, 289, 290
Naval Treaties, 2, 3, 9, 23–24, 47, 49, 50
Navy, German, 24, 58, 59, 60
Nelson, Mr. Donald, 241, 252
Netherlands East Indies, 212
New Crown Forgings Ltd., 396
New Zealand, 90, 345
Nigeria, tin from, 212
Non-ferrous metals, 91, 93, 156, 212, 213, 216, 267, 279n
Non-ferrous metals trades, 405–406
'Normal trade', doctrine of, 11, 12, 20, 22, 49, 86–87, 88
Normandy landings
—See France
North Africa, 115, 155, 183, 187, 198, 199n, 201, 215, 273
supply requirements of Desert campaign, 117–118, 191, 193, 194, 235, 284
North American Supplies Committee, 121, 232
North-West England, 150, 151, 177, 412
Norway, 61, 155, 284
Nuffield, Lord, 318–319
Nuffield Mechanizations Ltd., 189, 396, 399, 420
Nuffield Organisation, 388, 390, 413
'One-power standard', 3, 4, 23, 24, 25—See Royal Navy
Operation 'Bolero', 199
'Overlord', 200, 201
'Round-up', 199
'Torch', 199
Overseas squadrons, 39
Packard Motor Company, U.S.A., 246Paper, 91, 155, 162
du Parcq, Lord Justice, 367
Parliament, 14n, 20, 55, 57, 72n, 77–78, 83, 87, 97, 98n, 141n, 142, 181, 183, 193, 194, 152n, 252n, 253n, 254n, 258, 270, 332, 342, 435, 436
Pearl Harbor as a landmark in history of war production, Chapters IV, V and VI passim
Petroleum Division (Ministry of Fuel and Power), 279n
Petroleum Warfare Department, 279
Philippines, 198, 212
'Phoenix', The, 281, 281, 282
Phosphate rock, 89, 155
Pig iron, 213, 216
Pit-props, 89, 155
Planning of war production, 459–466
Plant, Professor A., 255
Plastics, 91
'Pluto', 278–279, 286
Poland, 54, 108, 187
Polish Prisoners' Divisions, 276
Portland, 282
Portsmouth, 32
Postan, Professor M. M.., 195n
Prague, 53, 72
Prefabrication, 292, 295–296, 301, 302
Press, The, 142, 183, 185
Preston, 147
Price-fixing, 444–445
—See also Capital assistance to firms
Prime Minister
(Mr. Stanley Baldwin), 15
(Mr. Neville Chamberlain), 18, 54, 55, 71, 72, 80, 81
(Mr. Winston S. Churchill), 116, 168, 169, 196, 373, 378
--505--
Prime Minister (Mr. Winston S. Churchill) and
ammunition, wastage rates and requirements, 133–135
Army, size and role of, 127–129, 130
balance of payments policy, 83, 230
bomber programmes, 125–126
British strategy after Dunkirk, 119, 122, 309
central administration of war production, changes in June 1940, 141–144
Commandos, 284
conferences of Allied leaders, 198, 199, 200
manpower, 151, 223–225, 305, 348, 350
Minister of Production, functions of, 254
'Mulberry', 280–283
naval shipbuilding—directive of 26th March 1941, 63, 288, 300
priorities after V.E.-Day, 374
raw materials, stocks and import programmes, 214, 217
Royal Ordnance Factories, three-shift workings in, 180
supplies for U.S.S.R., 118
supplies from the United States, 117, 121, 233–238
tanks, design and production of, 183, 184, 192, 193, 193n
Prime Minister's Statistical Branch, 144, 462
—See also Cherwell, Lord
Principal Supply Officers' Committee, 35, 37, 38n, 45, 77, 89, 163
—See also Supply Board
Priorities, industrial, 87–88, 374
air defence of Britain, 14, 33, 160
aircraft construction ,14, 74, 87, 116, 123–124, 151, 159–160, 226, 304, 305, 324–325
Army, 27, 74, 160, 184, 226–227
coastal defence, 33
'Mulberry', 283
naval construction, 64, 65, 160, 226, 286, 287, 290–294, 295, 301–302, 304
—See also Industrial capacity, Manpower, Raw materials
Priorities, strategic
before Munich, 29, 70
after Munich, 70
after Dunkirk, 121–122
after Pearl Harbor, 198–201
Priority of Production Directions, 64, 153, 160, 161, 184, 185
Priority Committee (Ministerial), 79, 80, 91, 141
Production Council, 141, 142, 143, 151, 160, 184
Production Efficiency Board, 315, 438
Production Executive, 142, 143, 184, 249, 250
Programming, 454–459
Propellers (aircraft), 165, 166, 167, 318
Propellants, 46, 352, 427
Protocols with U.S.S.R., 119, 239, 276
Proximity fuses, 276
Public Accounts Committee, 84n
Purvis, Mr. A. B., 121, 232, 237, 238n
Pyrites, 38n, 213
Quebec conferences at, 299, 373, 376, 377
Radar and radio, 106–107, 161, 248, 267, 276, 299, 358–370Radio Board, 358, 364, 365
Rangoon, 288
Raw materials, 119, 121, 152–163, 198, 201, 211–217, 229, 230, 235, 236, 255, 298
allocation system, 91, 92–93, 141, 159, 161–163
bulk purchase of, 89–90
Controls, 38, 88, 90–93, 159, 255
Department—See under Ministry of Supply
import programmes, 157, 211, 212, 213, 216, 255
licensing system, 91, 92–93, 153
pre-war plans for Ministry of, 77–78
priority system, 92–93, 159, 161
rearmament and, 18, 19, 21, 64–65, 75, 160–161
stocks, 38, 89, 213, 214–215
--506--
Raw Materials committees
Joint Production and Materials Priority Committee, 141, 143n
Materials Committee, 143, 153, 159, 162, 163, 250, 255, 459
Materials Priority Sub-Committee, 93
Rearmament, 1, 10, 27, 29, 105
comparison between state of preparedness October 1938 and September 1939, 105–107
comparison between state of preparedness in Britain and Germany, October 1938, September 1939, June 1940, 107–111
effect on, of Munich crisis, 53
of outbreak of war, 112
of Dunkirk, 115
planned rate, 54, 112, 113–114, 119–123
—See also Financial policy, Industrial capacity, War potential
Refrigerators, 378
Regional organisation, 98, 141, 142, 250–251, 263–265, 390
Registration for Employment Order, March 1941, 148
Relaxation of Customs Agreement, 99–100
Renwick, Sir Robert, 367
Rhineland, The, 9, 16
Robinson, Professor E. A. G., 452n, 453n
Roe, A. V. & Co. Ltd. 315, 320 , 419
Rolls-Royce Ltd., 18, 167, 187, 321, 336, 398, 411
Rommel, Marshal, 118, 183, 187
Roosevelt, Franklin D., President of United States, 198, 199, 200, 237–238, 277
Rootes, Mr. (later Sir William), 140
Rootes Motors Ltd., 140, 149, 388, 398, 418
Rosyth, 442
Rotol Ltd., 167
Royal Air Force (R.A.F.), 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14–23, 27, 39, 55–57, 68, 70, 81, 106, 123, 318–319, 326–332, 359, 361, 377
—See also Aircraft, Aircraft industry, Rearmament
Royal Aircraft Establishment, 361, 437
Royal Army Service Corps, 6
Royal Artillery, 6
Royal Engineer units, 6
Royal Navy, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 23, 52, 57, 58–66, 120, 279, 287–300, 377–378
'one-power standard', 3, 4, 23, 24, 25
'D.R.C. standard', 24–25, 50
'two-power standard', 23, 24–25, 26, 27, 51, 58, 82
—See also Admiralty, Naval construction
Royal Ordnance Factories, 8, 12, 43, 47, 75, 94n, 113, 177, 182, 383, 392, 465
efficiency of, 179–180, 352, 430–432
employment in, 8, 147, 149, 150, 152, 347, 351, 352, 388
individual factories
Chorley, 147, 178, 388, 31
Hereford, 8, 178
Nottingham, 399n
Poole, 401
Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, 8, 46, 179, 181, 188, 395, 399, 426, 427, 430
Royal Gunpowder Factory, Waltham, 8, 46, 395, 427
Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield Lock, 8, 395, 400–401, 427
organisation and administration of, 424–429
planning and construction of, 45, 112, 177–182, 393
specialisation of, 397, 399–401
types of:
engineering factories, 182, 218, 352, 425, 426, 428
explosives factories, 46, 177, 399, 428
filling factories, 46, 147, 177–181, 347, 351, 352, 428, 431
small arms ammunition factories, 181–182, 428
Royal Signal units, 6
Rubber, 89, 90, 91, 159, 162, 163, 212, 279
Ruhr, 362
Russia
—See under Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Salter, Sir Arthur, 89, 121, 232Sawley Spares Depot, 321n
--507--
Scharnhorst, The, 332
Schedule of Reserved Occupations, 95–96, 151, 220
Scott, Mr. J. D., 77n, 195n
Searchlights, 55
Secretary of State for Air
(Lord Swinton), 12, 16, 17, 18n, 68–69, 168, 322
(Sir H. Kingsley Wood), 319
(Sir Archibald Sinclair), 316
Secretary of State for War
(Mr. A. Duff Cooper), 28, 30, 33, 43, 46
(Mr. L. Hore-Belisha), 71, 74, 77
Seely, Sir Hugh, 57
Select Committee on National Expenditure, 142, 162, 181, 320n, 430n
Self, Sir Henry, 259n
'Shadow' factories, for aero engines, 150, 397, 418, 433
for radio valves, 360
for aircraft, 19, 40, 82, 433
Sheffield, 43
Shell forging, 43, 403
Shells, 73, 237
Shift-working, 41, 125, 147, 164, 168, 169, 179, 180, 209–210, 339, 431
Shipbuilding industry, 59, 65, 284, 294, 298, 300
depression in, 4, 47
position at time of Munich crisis, 47, 48
prefabrication and, 292, 293, 296
shipyard re-equipment schemes, 204–205, 210–211, 296–297, 299
—See also Machine tools, Manpower, Merchant shipbuilding, Naval construction, Naval dockyards
Shipping space, shortage of, 157, 212, 215, 236, 277–278
Ships, H.M.S. Anson, 289
Ark Royal, 289, 293
Audacious, 289
Formidable, 289n
Hawke, 293n
Hood, 288
Howe, 289
Illustrious, 289n
Implacable, 289, 290n
Indefatigable, 289, 290n
Indomitable, 289n
Leviathan, 293n
Lion, 63, 289
Majestic, 298
Prince of Wales, 288, 332
Repulse, 288, 332
Temeraire, 63
Triumph, 293n
Vanguard, 59, 63, 288
Victorious, 289n
Short Brothers Ltd., 125, 164, 208, 320
Sicily, 200, 201
Signals and engineering equipment, 353
Simon, Sir John (later Lord), 14
—See also Chancellor of the Exchequer
Sinclair, Sir Archibald, 306
—See also Secretary of State for Air
Sinclair, Sir Robert, 262n
—See also Ministry of Production, Chief Executive
Singapore, 24, 288
Sisal, 212
Sloops, 49, 291
Small arms, 8, 160, 247, 353
British and German output compared, 109–110
losses in France, 117
manufacture of, 400–401, 413–414
supplies from the United States, 117, 247
types of
--508--
machine guns
Besa, 400
Bren, 7, 229, 400, 427
Browning, 394, 400, 413
Lewis, 7
Sten, 117, 182, 410, 427
Vickers, 7, 400
rifles, 7, 109, 110, 117, 176, 182, 231, 239
Boys' anti-tank, 400
20-mm. guns, 324
Hispano-Suiza, 400
Oerlikon, 51, 400, 414
Polsten, 401, 414, 427
Small arms ammunition, 8, 43, 160, 176, 181, 182, 353, 371, 381n
—See also Ammunition
Small vessels, 24, 27, 57–60, 288, 290–292, 294, 470
—See also Naval construction
Small tools, 206–207
—See also Machine tools
Sodium, 90n
South Africa, 157, 345
South-East Asia Command, 303
South Wales, 154, 352
'Speer' experiment, 316, 408, 465
—See also Germany
Stalin, Marshal, 200
Stalingrad, 198
Stamp, Lord, 79
Stamp Survey of Economic and Financial Plans, 85, 219, 453
Stampings, 184
Standard Motor Co. Ltd., 388, 398
Steel, 59, 62, 64, 65, 91, 92, 93, 155–156, 158–159, 162, 212, 213, 216, 279, 282, 349
Stewarts and Llloyds Ltd., 43, 396, 403
Stimson, Mr. Henry, 238
Storage Committee (Ministerial), 383–384
Strategic plans, 54, 119–122, 127–128, 196–201, 213–214, 215, 220, 236, 238, 240, 242, 246, 269, 286, 303–304, 377
Sub-contracting, 21, 22, 49, 96, 98, 398, 412–414, 416
—See also Aircraft industry, Munitions industry
Submarines, 2, 3, 25, 59, 60, 65, 246n, 294, 298, 380
Sudetenland, 16
Sulphuric acid, 90n
Supermarine Aviation Works Ltd., 164, 165n, 340
Supply Board, of the Principal Supply Officers' Committee, 35, 36, 37, 42, 206, 209, 392
Supply Committees of, 35, 37, 42, 403n
Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd., 293n
Swinton Lord, 16, 19, 168, 322
—See also Secretary of State for Air
Tank and anti-tank guns, 43, 193comparison between British and German tank fire-power, 193, 195
design and development of, 193–195
losses in France, 117
manufacture of, 194, 403, 413
output of, 103, 183, 193–195
priority of, 160, 184
requirements of, 73, 188, 130, 131, 132, 231, 237, 239
types of
3-pounder, 7
2-pounder, 7, 73, 103, 132, 183, 184, 193, 403
6-pounder, 183, 184, 193–194, 403, 410
17-pounder, 195
75-mm. tank gun, 195
Tank Board, 192
Tank Landing Craft (L.C.T.), 284–285, 293, 295, 296, 303
Tank Landing Ship (L.S.T.), 284–285, 293–294, 303
--509--
Tank Parliament, 184
Tank transports, 189
Tankers, 303
Tanks, British, 37, 63, 130, 185, 188, 247, 262, 275, 283, 353, 382
compared with German tanks, 185, 187–188
design and development of, 7, 188–193, 354, 426
engines in, 187–188, 210
Ford V.12, 188
Liberty, 188
Meteor, 187, 188, 210
Vauxhall, 188
losses in France, 117, 192
manufacture of, 413, 426–427
group system, 418, 419–420
output of, 103, 176, 184, 185, 186, 190, 191, 353–355, 371, 374
comparison between British and German output, 110
reductions, 353, 381
pre-war, 7, 43, 192
priority for, 160, 184
requirements of, 73, 118, 129, 130, 131, 132, 185, 186, 190, 191, 192, 237, 239
supplies from United States, 236, 247
to U.S.S.R., 119, 276
types
light, 7, 103
infantry, 185, 188n, 190
Matilda, 185, 187, 190, 191
Valentine, 185, 190, 191, 413, 426
Churchill (A.22), 185, 188, 190, 192–193, 194, 388, 411, 420, 426
cruiser, 187, 188n, 231, 267, 375, 413
Comet, 426
Covenanter, 413
Cromwell, 187, 191, 194, 413, 426
Crusader, 194, 413, 420
Cavalier-Centaur, 276
Cromwell, 276
Centurion, 375, 427
Tanks, Canadian, 245, 245n, 247
supplies to Britain, 235
Tanks, German, 109, 110, 185, 187
Tanks, United States, 233, 234, 245, 246
in North Africa, 189
supplies to Britain, 236, 247
the Sherman tank, 245, 246, 247
Taranto, Battle of, 332
Technical Costs Officers, 465
Telecommunications Research Establishment, 463
'Ten-year' assumption, 1, 9
Times, The, 142n, 251
Timber, 90, 91, 93, 94, 155–157, 162, 212, 213n, 216, 220
'Time and motion' studies, 180, 431
Tin, 163, 212
Tizard, Sir Henry, 138, 272n
Trade unions, 90, 145
Trawlers, 57, 58, 60, 64, 65–66, 291, 293n
Treasury, 13, 44, 46, 68, 75, 77, 80, 82, 83, 84–85, 97, 106, 111, 346, 439, 449, 450n, 451
Sub-Committee on Contract Procedure, 433
Treasury Inter-Service Committee, 81, 82, 84, 85, 112
Tugs, 59, 303
Tungsten, 38n, 212
Turrets (aircraft), 68
(tank), 187, 245
'Two-power standard', 23, 24–25, 26, 27, 51, 58, 82
—See Royal Navy
Undertakings (Restriction of Engagement) Order, 149Unemployment, 19, 26, 98, 146
--510--
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.), 115, 118–119, 197, 200, 211, 252, 271, 318
First Protocol, 119, 239
Second Protocol, 276
United States of America, 5, 38, 62, 75, 83, 130, 188, 374
Before Pearl Harbor:
Army Contract Distribution Division, 389
'battle of the types', 121, 234
'deficiency' and 'insurance' orders, 231–232
fifty destroyers to Britain, 61, 231
first-aid shipments to Britain, 117, 231
Office of Production Management, Defence Contract Service, 389
output of munitions, compared with British, 233
problems of payment by the United Kingdom, 229, 230, 236
Purvis 'Balance Sheet', 237
'Purvis-Monnet-Salter' argument, 121, 232–233
supplies from
aircraft, 125–126, 173, 230–231, 235, 236
machine tools, 94, 206–207, 230, 235
naval supplies, 231
raw materials, 154, 156–157, 229, 230
tanks, 189, 231, 234, 236
supplies to U.S.S.R., 239
'ten-division programme', 234
'Victory programme', 238–239, 277
After Pearl Harbor, 197–198
Anglo-American agencies set up, 240–241, 252
comparative costs of American and British weapons, 408–409
enlistment of small firms, 388–389
immediate effect on supplies to Britain of entry into the war, 198, 240, 290, 291
industrial planning in, 464, 465
Mr. O. Lyttelton's missions, 240–241
mass production methods, 244, 342–343, 365, 411
need for Anglo-American unified production plan, 242, 243
output of munitions, compared with British, 244
quality of American weapons, compared with British, 244–246, 272
size of production units, compared with British, 390–391, 405–406
Small Business Act, 389
Smaller War Plants Corporation, 389
specialisation of production units, compared with British, 406
supplies from, 345–346
cable for Pluto, 279
engines for L.C.T.s, 298
L.S.T.s, 285, 293
penicillin, 358
raw materials, 212–215
small vessels, 288, 289
wheeled vehicles, 247, 248
wireless valves, 300, 364
War Production Board, 241
war production 'targets', 241, 277
reduction in, 242
—See also Combined Boards, Conferences between Prime Minister and President, Lend-Lease Act
Vauxhall Motors Ltd., 193, 388, 413, 414, 420, 426Versailles, Treaty of, 9
Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd., 7, 8, 43, 48, 51, 138, 164, 184, 188, 208, 330, 387, 388, 390, 392, 395, 397, 398, 399, 400, 413, 417, 418–419, 426, 428, 439, 441, 442
'Victory' Conference, 125, 238–239, 345
Wage rates, 100, 150–151, 154, 292–293Wallis, Mr. B. N., 328n
War Cabinet, 73, 93, 94, 144, 180, 351, 452–455
assumptions on end of war in Europe, 372–373
formation of central machinery, 79, 91
--511--
War Cabinet, contd.
hypothesis of three-year war, 54, 68
manpower problems, 99, 151, 220, 223–225, 268, 312, 348, 350
priority decisions, 160, 287, 290, 301–302, 303, 305
War Office, 6, 7, 27–34, 41–46, 49, 55, 71–75, 77, 80, 81, 95–96, 104n, 108, 127–136, 177, 183, 185, 187, 190, 194, 196, 245, 346–358, 381, 397, 401, 433, 440, 450, 457–458
Adviser on Army Clothing, 104n
Army Council, 44
Director of Artillery, 194
Director of Industrial Planning, 37, 38, 42
Directorate of Transportation, 280n
Director General of Army Requirements, 42
Director General of Munitions Production (D.G.M.P.), 33, 36–37, 43–44, 46, 77, 104, 113, 140, 270, 457
—See also Secretary of State for War
War Office Process Manuals, 42, 440
War potential, 34–52
machinery for the planning of, 35–37
preparations made by Cabinet Committee, 37–38
preparations made by the Service departments for the production of
aircraft and aircraft components, 39–41, 67–69, 397
supplies for the Army, 41–47, 111, 113, 177–178, 181, 397
supplies for the Navy, 47–52, 397
War production, administration of, 77n
machinery set up on outbreak of war, 76–80
changes made after Dunkirk, 137–145
Washington D.C., conferences at, 198, 199
Washington Naval Treaty 1922, 2, 47, 49, 50
Watson-Watt, Mr. (later Sir Robert), 106
Wavell, General (later Field Marshal) Sir A. P., 118, 129
Weapons
—See Armaments
Weir, Lord, 392
Welding, 204, 211, 218, 280, 296, 297–298, 402
Westland Aircraft Co., 5
'Whale', The, 280, 281, 282
Whalers, 64, 65
Wheeled vehicles
Army requirements of, 6, 73, 118, 130, 132
from United States, 245, 247–248
output of, 176
Wireless valves, 300, 360, 363–365
Wolfe, Mr. Humbert, 99, 100, 147, 153
Wool, 89, 90, 91, 93, 157–158, 213n
Woolton, Lord, 104
Works and Building Priority Committee, 141, 250
Wright, Mr. T. P. 409n
Zinc, 89, 90, 158
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