APPENDIX II
DIRECTIVES FOR TACTICAL TRAINING OF RIFLE COMPANY

  1. GENERAL.--

    1. The directives which follow are designed to assist company officers and others in the preparation and conduct of tactical exercises and field maneuvers in which rifle companies will participate as a part of their field training. The directives cover most of the actions in which a rifle company will be involved during its approach to the battle field and during combat. They are to be considered as guides only and may be expanded or modified as local situations and the particular needs of individual units may warrant. A rifle company, however, will not be considered as being fully trained prior to its participation in exercises covering all phases of each type of operation outlined in the directives.

    2. In addition to serving as guides for the tactical training of units, the directives cover essential points that should be covered by superior commanders in testing the tactical efficiency of rifle companies.

  2. PREPARATION.--For a general discussion of the preparation of field exercises and field maneuvers, see FM 21-5 and TF 7-295. The directives in this appendix show the definite phases of combat to be covered in each exercise.

  3. CONDUCT.--

    1. For the control and conduct of field exercises and maneuvers, see FM 21-5. The unit should be allowed to solve the problem as it sees fit. The officer conducting the exercises should have in mind solutions to the various situations that will confront the unit, but he does not force the unit or any parts of it to follow his preconceived notions as to what actions should be taken. Umpires may assess penalties or inject events which will serve to cause the units to act in a suitable manner should the need arise. These control measures, however, must be logical and appropriate.

    2. For the responsibilities, duties, and conduct of umpires see FM 105-5.

--214--

    1. Information transmitted by an umpire must ordinarily be so expressed as to give the commanders full liberty in determining their actions.

      1. The following are examples of correctly phrased information, applicable particularly to one-sided small unit exercises:

        "For the last two minutes this unit has been subjected to heavy fire from a machine gun located on that hill (pointing)." (Designates several casualties and indicates the type of wounds.)

        "Over there near the bridge--four shell impacts close together--four more shell impacts--another four."

        "Artillery fire, apparently from the direction of that village, is falling in those woods" (points out the woods).

        "A shell strikes 300 yards in front of you." Two minutes later: "Shell coming; impact 100 yards behind you."

        As soon as the rifle platoon attacks: "Continuous machine-gun fire from direction of large house; fire from four guns striking all around us." As soon as platoon is under full cover: "Machine guns silent."

        "Machine-gun fire sweeping directly over you." "Machine-gun fire striking right in front of you; No. 2 rifleman nicked in shoulder by ricochet: No. 1 rifleman shot in stomach."

        "Enemy attack plane, flying low, approaching from right front, fires at column, and disappears to the rear."

        "Airplane motor can be heard." "One airplane to the south. Too high to identify."

        "You see drops of oily liquid on the grass."

        "You notice an unfamiliar chemical odor."

        "A shell fragment smashes the longitudinal spirit-level of your mortar."

        "You have only 50 rounds left in your belt."

        "Our own machine guns fire continuously over you to the left. These guns are apparently behind you."

        (Aside to squad leader during hostile machine-gun fire.) "You have been hit--you are unconscious." (How does the squad react?)

        "Our own artillery fire is now falling along the edges of the woods over there."

--215--

        "Heavy machine-gun fire is heard on your right." "You see the impact throwing up dirt near the hostile machine-gun nests which have been holding up your advance."

      1. Examples of improperly phrased information are as follows:
        "You are unable to advance any farther at this point."

        "You must withdraw here."

        Vague exclamation: "Shells are falling here," instead of information as to type of shells, area of impact, and duration of fire. Intensity, area, and time limits should be given.

        Shouting: "Enemy withdrawing." instead of: "No. 1 rifleman, you see a hostile soldier running toward rear * * etc."

        Shouting: "Gas," instead of: "You smell mustard."

        Permitting troops to halt and remain inactive without giving them information.

      2. The information is properly given only when the umpire describes the effect of weapons or enemy maneuver and permits the leader concerned to make his own decision.

      3. Full use should be made of noncommissioned officers as umpires.

  1. CRITIQUE.--For a discussion of the critique which is always a part of each exercise see FM 21-5. Critiques may be held at any stage of an exercise. The chief umpire and his assistants should make notes for use at the critique held on the ground at the conclusion of the exercise.

  2. CONDITIONS.--Ample time will be given each unit to solve its problems logically. Reconnaissances must be made, subordinate leaders assembled when suitable, and orders issued. Full use must be made of such concealment and cover as the terrain provides. If troops are rushed through preparatory measures and move freely over terrain under hostile observation they will gain unnatural impressions that may later be disastrous.

  3. RIFLE COMPANY.--

    1. Security on the march (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
An advance guard problem involving the use of a rifle   The plan of the company commander should be simple

--216--

Scope   Execution
company as the support of an advance guard.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. A series of decisions, plans, and orders by the company commander regarding--

    1. Initial dispositions and formations.

    2. Measures taken against attack of hostile aircraft or mechanized elements.

    3. The timely dispatch of necessary patrols.

  2. Action involving hostile patrols too strong for the advance party alone, and attacks by hostile planes and small hostile mechanized detachments.
  and based on the orders of the advance guard commander, and a map study of data from reconnaissance elements: the company commander should render prompt decisions and issue clear and concise orders. Formation of company should be appropriate to the situation and mission, and suitable for the terrain.

Patrols should be given simple, definite orders and dispatched in time to permit them to accomplish assigned missions.

When the advance party is unable to drive off the enemy without delay, the support should be committed promptly and aggressively without detailed reconnaissance; supporting weapons should be displaced forward early to support the attack. When the enemy is destroyed or driven off, the march should be resumed promptly in a suitable formation.

The company commander should keep the advance guard commander informed of the situation.

Air-antitank guards should be detailed to give timely information.

    1. Approach march (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle company as the leading   Order should be clear, explicit, and as brief as is

--217--

Scope   Execution
echelon in an advance when hostile resistance is imminent.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Issuance of company orders prescribing mission and formation for approach march across country.

  2. Movement in an extended formation.

  3. Continuous and thorough reconnaissance and security measures.

  4. Appropriate changes in initial formation to meet changes in terrain and enemy activity.

  5. Action against small hostile motorized patrols.

  6. Movement into an assembly area for issuance of attack orders and extra ammunition.
  consistent with clarity and issued from a vantage point of observation.

The company should be able to move in an extended formation across country without loss of direction and control, and make maximum use of cover and concealment.

The formation adopted should insure reconnaissance of the assigned area and protection of units in rear. Prompt issuance of orders to meet changing situations. Provisions made for flank security and liaison with adjacent units.

Action against hostile patrols should be aggressive to drive out the enemy or to clarify the situation.

Movement into the assembly area to be quiet and orderly, and to facilitate subsequent action.

Provision should be made for antiaircraft and antimechanized defense.

    1. Security (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-25, 7-30).
Scope   Execution
Outpost problem involving a rifle company as support of a bivouac outpost.

A rifle company is designated as a support of a bivouac outpost protecting a resting command at night.

  The company commander precedes his unit to its assigned area for a detail reconnaissance, directing the second-in-command to move the company to an area selected from a map study.

--218--

Scope   Execution
The outpost line of resistance, special reconaissance missions, and detached posts to be established are prescribed by the outpost (battalion) commander.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Establishment of outguards and detached posts after reconnaissance and study of available maps.

  2. Organization of outpost line of resistance.

  3. Provisions for communication between the outpost commander, adjacent supports, and detached posts.
  The support area is organized as for defense of a wide front with the support platoon mobile.

A line of outguards should be posted to cover all important approaches. Important road centers may require a rifle platoon with supporting weapons. Observers should be posted by the outguards to prevent surprise.

Unoccupied intervals are covered by fire.

Patrols from the support platoon should cover gaps between outguards and detached posts and maintain contact with adjacent units.

Upon establishment of the outpost the company commander submits a sketch to the outpost commander showing dispositions.

Establishment of necessary signal communication.

The company commander prescribes the location for his kitchen, provides a guide at the point of release, and details carrying parties for those who cannot be fed at the kitchen. Every man should get a hot meal and fresh water, and the kitchen should be returned to battalion control at a designated time. Foxholes or slit

--219--

    Execution
    trenches should be dug and camouflaged.

Provision should be made for antiaircraft and antimechanized defense.

    1. Preparation for attack (see PM 7-5, 7-10, 7-40, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle company in the occupation of a final assembly position by night and an advance to the line of departure, preparatory to a daylight attack.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Personal reconnaissance, selection, and marking by daylight the route to final assembly position, and the subdivision of the assembly area to company headquarters and platoons.

  2. Enforcement of provisions for maintaining secrecy.

  3. Reconnaissance of locations on line of departure and of ground over which company attacks.

  4. Plan of action.

  5. Orders.

  6. Execution of movement to final assembly position and into platoon areas.

  7. Issue of extra ammunition.

  8. Movement to line of departure.
  The company commander should plan his reconnaissance and issuance of orders so as to allow subordinates time for a daylight reconnaissance. After thorough reconnaissance the company commander should develop a simple plan and issue orders from points where some or all of the ground over which the company is to operate can be pointed out.

Route selected should be easy to follow at night, positively marked, and compass bearings and distances noted. Reconnaissance should not disclose projected operation. The march should be accomplished quietly, expeditiously, in secrecy, and without loss of direction.

Platoon areas in the final assembly position should facilitate transition to the attack. The company should complete preparations for attack in the final assembly position, including the issue of extra ammunition.

--220--

    Execution
    Movement should be initiated so as to permit leading elements to cross the line of departure at a prescribed hour without halting.

    1. Attack during daylight (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-25).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle company as an interior element of the attacking echelon in a daylight attack.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Action during attack requiring decisions and orders of company commander relating to the use of elements of the weapons platoon and support rifle platoon to assist the attack of the leading platoons in gaining the assigned company objective.

  2. Call on higher headquarters for supporting fires to assist in the capture of the company objective.

  3. Movement of the company command post and observation post.
  Company commander should keep the company observation post well forward and spend considerable time there observing and directing the action: he should direct the movement of the company command post as suitable forward positions become available.

He should promptly employ his light machine guns to deliver flanking or oblique fire, and his 60-mm mortars on targets defiladed from effective fire of flat-trajectory weapons in support of the attacking echelon; he should keep the support ready to protect the company flanks against counterattack and to maneuver it against resistance holding up the assault echelon; he should anticipate the needs for supporting fire by the assault echelon and furnish it from his weapons platoon or request it from higher headquarters.

He should provide for mutual support within the attack

--221--

    Execution
    echelon and adjacent units. He should provide for security and the maintenance of contact. He should keep the battalion commander informed of his own and the enemy situation.

    1. Continuation of attack (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-25, 7-30, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle company as an interior element of an attacking echelon in continuation of the attack, to include the assault and reorganization.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Continuation of attack from the company objective to the battalion objective.

  2. Call for supporting fires from higher headquarters.

  3. Assault and capture of enemy positions on battalion objective.

  4. Reorganization of company on battalion objective.

  5. Replacement of platoon leaders and key enlisted men.

  6. Resupply of ammunition.

  7. Disposition of prisoners of war, captured documents and matériel, and hostile identifications.
  The company commander insures proper direction of the attack to the battalion objective.

He discovers where hostile resistance is weakening, and calls on higher headquarters for supporting fires to soften the enemy position for the assault. The attack echelon moves close to the hostile position under cover of these fires.

He arranges for the supporting fires to lift and continues the attack through the depth of the hostile resistance.

The company commander should actively supervise the reorganization of platoons, appointing leaders where necessary; he should reorganize his company headquarters. He should provide for the security of his company during the reorganization, including posting of air-antitank guards; he should

--222--

    Execution
    redistribute his forces in depth and in accordance with instructions prepare for further action.

He should determine the status of the ammunition supply, collecting it from the dead and disabled, and provide for a resupply of ammunition.

He should send prisoners of war, captured documents, and hostile identifications to battalion headquarters and keep that headquarters informed of the situation.

    1. Defense during daylight (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-30, 7-40, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
A rifle company in the occupation and organization of a front-line company defense area during daylight.

Situation to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Movement of troops to the defense area during the reconnaissance of this area by the company commander and platoon leaders.

  2. Prompt formulation of ground organization and fire plans.

  3. Issuance of clear, brief, and adequate orders.

  4. Organization of the ground to be started with the minimum delay and conducted in the proper sequence.
  Prior to departure on reconnaissance the company commander makes a tentative plan from a map study and initiates prompt movement of troops to the defense area. Company commander and Platoon leaders precede troops and, so far as practicable, complete their reconnaissance and formulate plans prior to the arrival of the troops on the position.

Orders should be issued to enable work to start without unnecessary delay.

Subordinate units should be disposed to protect supporting weapons located in the area, to cover by fire approaches not adequately covered

--223--

Scope   Execution

  1. Establishment of security measures against air and ground attack.

  2. Protection of supporting weapons.

  3. Coordination with adjacent units regarding defenses at boundaries and limiting points.

  4. Arrangements for receipt and prompt distribution of entrenching tools, extra ammunition, antitank mines, and engineer materials.

  5. Constant readiness to meet an attack.

  6. Constant supervision of work.

  7. Establishment of observation and command posts.
  by the fire of supporting weapons; to provide for all-around defense; to facilitate mutual support between adjacent defense areas.

The defenses at boundaries should be coordinated with adjacent units.

Organization of the ground should proceed so that if interrupted by an enemy attack the work already performed will be most beneficial in defending the position.

Sufficient stocks of ammunition should be placed on the position to obviate resupply during daylight.

Security measures should insure timely warning of an attack from the ground or the air and suitable action to meet such attacks, including the use of antitank mines in local defense.

    1. Defense at night (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-30, 7-40, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
A rifle company occupying and organizing a front-line defense area during darkness.

Extracts of the battalion defense order to be furnished the company commander.

Situation to be drawn so as to require--

  1. A daylight reconnaissance by the company commander.
  The order should be issued on the ground and in sufficient time to allow daylight reconnaissance by subordinate leaders and guides.

The reconnaissance should be made by small, inconspicuous groups.

Routes and locations for all installations should be marked.

--224--

Scope   Execution

  1. Marking of routes and locations for all installations for quick recognition at night.

  2. Movement to the defense area, establishment of local security, occupation of the position, and organization of the ground--all during darkness, lights prohibited.

  3. Defensive arrangements coordinated with supporting weapons located in the area and with adjacent units.
  The company should move to the area shortly after dark and the organization of the ground should proceed quietly and without confusion.

Entrenching tools and extra ammunition should be distributed in an orderly manner.

Foxholes or slit trenches should be dug for all personnel, emplacements prepared for crew-operated weapons, protective wire installed around platoon defense areas, and some clearing of fields of fire accomplished. Work completed depends on the visibility, time available, the character of the soil, and the density of vegetation.

Daylight should find ground organization proceeding, and with the defense coordinated with adjacent units and with supporting weapons located within the area.

Security measures should be established and maintained throughout the operation.

Supper and breakfast prepared and served in the field.

    1. Conduct of defense (see PM 7-5, 7-10, 7-20).
Scope   Execution
A rifle company in the conduct of the defense of a front-line defense area against--   Local security groups fire on hostile patrols, keep their commander informed of enemy activity, and withdraw

--225--

Scope   Execution
    Ground attack.
    Air attack.
    Tank attack.
Situations to be drawn so as to require--

    1. Action of local security groups against hostile reconnaissance elements.

    2. Action during artillery bombardment.

    3. Action during enemy approach to: midrange-close range.

    4. Action against an attack from a flank.

    5. Action during assault of position by foot troops.

    6. Action against hostile elements which infiltrate into the position.

    7. Action on capture of a platoon defense area.

  1. Action against air attack when ground targets are threatening.

  2. Action during tank attack.
  by previously selected routes.

Troops should take cover in slit trenches or foxholes during artillery and air bombardment. Maintenance of air-antitank observation.

Troops on the main line of resistance should remain concealed and withhold fire until targets appear within 500 yards. As enemy approaches within effective range troops engage remunerative targets.

A prearranged signal calls for final protective fires in a threatening area.

Flank attacks should be met by shifting troops to supplementary positions on the flanks of defense areas or by local counterattack.

Hostile elements which infiltrate into the company defense area should be engaged from flank and rear positions of forward platoon defense areas.

Ground targets receive priority over air targets; when not engaged with ground targets, all weapons suited for antiaircraft fire should engage low-flying planes attacking the position.

Battalion headquarters should be kept informed of changes in the situation.

--226--

    Execution
    Antitank grenadiers engage tanks during a tank attack; other troops take cover in their slit trenches. All troops should promptly resume firing positions and engage foot troops following tanks.

    1. Night withdrawal (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-30, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
A night withdrawal from contact of an interior rifle company from a front-line company defense area. Situations to be drawn so as to require--

Actions and orders of the company commander in execution of night withdrawal from a front-line defense area to include--

  1. Daylight reconnaissance of routes and assembly positions.

  2. Designation of company covering force, the commander, and the time he assumes command.

  3. Enforcement of secrecy measures.

  4. Withdrawal of company, less covering force.

  5. Withdrawal of covering force.

  6. Ammunition supply.

  7. Evacuation of wounded.
  As soon as warned of the withdrawal the company commander should make his plan and notify company officers available. He should designate a covering force commander, preferably the second-in-command, and should designate the company covering force (approximately one squad per platoon). He should go to platoon leaders not immediately available, notify them of his plan, and direct them to send guides to the company command post. He should designate another officer, preferably the weapons platoon commander, to take guides on reconnaissance of assembly areas and routes thereto.

The company commander restricts daylight activity of forward elements that might indicate a rearward movement. Platoons assemble at the designated hour and

--227--

    Execution
    move to the company area; when assembled the company, less the covering force, moves to the battalion assembly area. The covering force should withdraw at a designated hour or on orders of the battalion covering force commander, and rejoin the company at the place designated by the company commander.

An adequate supply of ammunition should be left with the covering force. Surplus stocks should be carried out by hand. Resupply should be effected in a rear assembly area or on the new position. Improvised litters should be employed to evacuate wounded to the nearest available transportation. When this is impracticable, a company aid man should be left with them.

    1. Daylight withdrawal (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-20, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a front-line rifle company in daylight withdrawal.

Company should be defending an organized position with its forward elements closely engaged with the enemy. Heavy machine-gun and antitank units located in the company defense area

  The company commander should quickly develop his plan and promptly issue brief, fragmentary, oral orders to subordinate leaders, covering: time withdrawal will start; sequence in which units withdraw; routes of withdrawal; company assembly area; location of battalion assembly

--228--

Scope   Execution
should be attached to the company for the withdrawal. Situation to be drawn so as to require--

  1. The company to withdraw from action starting at a specified time in coordination with supporting fires.

  2. The company to withdraw so as to unmask the fire of the battalion covering force so far as practicable, and move along an assigned route to a designated assembly area.

  3. The use of company support elements as a local covering force for withdrawal of front-line platoons.
  area; and composition and location of company covering force.

Withdrawal should start at a specified time (without giving prior evidence of intention to withdraw to the enemy) beginning with element least heavily engaged and proceed as expeditiously as possible.

Company covering force should withdraw by covered routes after the remainder of the company has withdrawn beyond the next covering force in rear. This covering force may be provided by the battalion or by the company commander from rear elements of the company. The withdrawal of the bulk of the company must be protected at all times by suitable covering forces.

Measures should be taken to insure minimum loss of control and prompt reorganization en route to, or at, the assembly area.

Weapons and supplies should be evacuated or destroyed.

Wounded should be evacuated. When this is impracticable medical personnel and supplies should be left with them.

--229--

    1. Delaying action following daylight withdrawal (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-20).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle company in delaying action following a daylight withdrawal.

The company with attached elements as the covering force of a battalion in a daylight withdrawal and disposed initially in a position prescribed by the battalion commander. Limited transportation facilities for use in ammunition supply and evacuation of wounded may be provided.

Situations to be drawn to require--

  1. The delivery of long-range fires against enemy elements.

  2. Establishment and protection of road blocks.

  3. The company to hold its initial and succeeding positions as long as practicable but to effect withdrawals before becoming closely engaged or outflanked.

  4. Evacuation of wounded.
  Orders should be brief, issued in fragmentary form, and of the mission type.

Positions near crests should be occupied to facilitate withdrawals and obtain long-range fields of fire; short-range fires are secondary in importance. Rifle elements should be disposed to protect supporting weapons and flanks. Enemy should be engaged at maximum effective range of weapons with a heavy volume of fire.

Withdrawals to succeeding positions should be effected without becoming closely engaged with the enemy.

Maximum practicable delay should be effected by destruction of bridges and by road blocks.

Wounded should be evacuated using available transportation to a maximum.

    1. Defense from attack (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle company in the assumption of the defense following an unsuccessful attack. Situations to be drawn so as to require--   When the attack is halted, the company commander should notify the battalion commander and transmit orders to his platoons directing them to hold present positions,

--230--

Scope   Execution

  1. The company stopped on unfavorable terrain with all platoons in action following an unsuccessful attempt to capture an objective.

  2. Adjustments for hasty occupation of position during remaining hours of daylight.

  3. Organization of a position.
  make minor adjustments to take full advantage of terrain, and dig in. He should gradually thin out forward elements to provide depth in the defense and security to the flanks. Positions of company and supporting weapons should be modified to support the hasty defense to the best advantage. The company commander should take steps to establish contact and improve coordination with adjacent units.

    1. Motorized detachment on combat mission (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-40).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a motorized detachment, consisting of a rifle company with appropriate reinforcements, on a combat mission.

Units available to company commander for the motorized detachment should be prescribed in a directive from higher headquarters.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Issuance of brief oral orders for assembling the detachment and moving out on the assigned mission.

  2. Adequate security measures against air and mechanized attacks.
  Actions taken and orders issued by the company commander should result in the orderly assembly of the detachment with proper equipment for the assigned mission, and suitable means for rapid communication and control of the column during movement. The formation should provide adequate security against hostile air and ground forces.

There should be no hesitation in ordering nor confusion in executing a cross-country movement.

In the final phase, actions taken and orders issued

--231--

Scope   Execution

  1. A cross-country motor movement as a result of unexpected enemy action.

  2. Execution of an attack, defense, or delaying action.
  should provide for: selection of a suitable detrucking area; the guiding of trucks into the detrucking area and their proper dispersion and concealment therein; security for the detrucking area during and subsequent to detrucking.

Personal reconnaissance by detachment commander; prompt issuance of brief oral orders for the effective employment of all elements of the detachment in a coordinated attack, in defense or in delaying action.

    1. Motorized advance guard in daylight movement (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-20, 7-40).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle company with appropriate attachments as the advance guard of a motorized column making a daylight movement. Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. The issuance of warning orders.

  2. The correct estimation of time factors so as to permit the advance guard to precede the main body by the prescribed interval.

  3. The proper employment of elements of the advance
  Brief warning orders followed by oral orders for the movement should result in the proper assembly, entruckment, and movement of the advance guard and patrols so as to clear the initial point at the prescribed time.

Automatic weapons should be mounted for antiaircraft fire, canvas truck covers removed to permit firing by riflemen and automatic riflemen, and the formation of the column such as to present a poor target to hostile aircraft.

--232--

Scope   Execution
    guard to clear a road block.

  1. The employment of all elements of the advance guard to develop the situation when resistance is encountered.
  The point should consist of a small patrol with a get-away vehicle. Proper use should be made of radio for communication.

Prompt action when road block is encountered should include proper dispersion and concealment of vehicles and resumption of movement when block is cleared. Elements in rear should not close up and halt on the road, but should seek concealment on each side of the road.

When increased resistance is met, the support should move into the designated detrucking area, properly disperse, and take advantage of available concealment and cover. Orders for the employment of all elements of the advance squad should be timely, clear, and concise. Proper information should be sent to the commander of the main body.

    1. Night attack (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-40, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle company in a night attack. Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Reconnaissance of an unfamiliar area.

  2. Formulation of plan for attack and plans for defense
  Prompt warning orders should initiate necessary administrative arrangements and provide for assembly of subordinates for orders. Reconnaissance by company commander should include route of advance to line of

--233--

Scope   Execution
    of captured objective or continuation of attack at daybreak.

  1. Oral orders.

  2. Advance across country to final assembly area and thence to a line of departure.

  3. Execution of a night attack.

  4. Consolidation of position for defense prior to daylight.
  departure and the hostile position.

The company commander should issue clear, concise orders for the attack and defense of the captured objective or continuation of the attack. These orders should be issued so as to permit detailed daylight reconnaissance by subordinates.

Provisions should be made for: insuring secrecy prior to actual assault; identifying members of the attacking company; flank security; prompt reports of progress; prohibition of loading of pieces; and the arrangement for supporting fires by heavy weapons and artillery in case of hostile counterattack.

Maintenance of direction should be insured by use of column formations and the employment of the compass, ground forms, and landmarks.

After capturing the objective, the company commander should provide for reorganization and assumption of suitable defensive positions. If the attack is to be continued suitable measures should be taken to assure its effective execution.

--234--

    1. Attack in woods (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-40, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle company as leading echelon in an attack through a large woods.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. The assumption of a proper formation in the edge of a large woods as the base company of an interior battalion preparatory to an attack through the woods.

  2. An advance through dense woods without hostile resistance, other than by snipers, for at least 1,000 yards.

  3. The reduction of isolated enemy combat posts in clearings or at trail intersections.

  4. Reorganization and preparations for debouchment from the woods.
  The company should be halted near the edge of the woods with front and flanks covered by scouts. Intervals and distances should be reduced to limit of visibility; physical contact should be insured between units.

In dense woods, advances should be made in columns covered by scouts; in thin woods leading elements usually advance in skirmish line. Direction should be maintained by means of compass bearing.

Snipers should be promptly dislodged by sharpshooters or by bursts of automatic rifle or light machine-gun fire. Hostile resistance should be promptly enveloped by infiltration and attack from flanks and rear. Upon reaching far edge of woods advance should be stopped, units reorganized, prompt reconnaissance made, brief oral orders issued, supporting weapons emplaced, and attack resumed to seize next objective.

  1. RIFLE PLATOON.--

    1. Security on the march (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
An advance guard problem involving the use of the   Platoon leader must render prompt decisions; issue

--235--

Scope   Execution
rifle platoon as an advance party.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. A series of decisions, plans, and orders by the platoon leader.

  2. Action involving the point, flank patrols, connecting files, and the advance party in carrying out the assigned mission.
  clear and concise orders to carry out his plans; maintain contact with the point by connecting files; and keep the support commander informed of the situation.

Patrols should be employed to reconnoiter dangerous terrain on the flanks up to approximately 200 yards.

Platoon leader, through aggressive leadership, controls the action of his platoon in carrying out the assigned mission.

    1. Approach march (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the rifle platoon, as part of a larger force, in the approach march.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Use of scouts to cover the advance and patrols, as necessary or ordered, to protect flanks or maintain contact.

  2. Changes in disposition of troops for purposes of control, to screen unit from hostile observation, and to minimize losses from artillery fires and air attack.

  3. The movement into the assembly area, the issuance of extra ammunition, reconnaissance, orders, and
  The platoon should be able to move in an extended formation across country without loss of direction or control. It should be able to take advantage of cover, concealment, and different types of terrain. Provision should be made for security to the front and liaison with adjacent units.

Platoon leader should precede the platoon far enough to reconnoiter effectively the zone of action. Heavily shelled or gassed areas should be detoured.

Movement into the assembly area should be quiet and orderly. Extra ammunition should be issued in such a

--236--

Scope   Execution
final preparations for the attack.   manner as to prevent bunching of men. Reconnaissance should be thorough. Orders for the attack should be thoroughly understood by each squad.

    1. Security during halts (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
An outpost problem involving the use of a rifle platoon as the support.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Establishment of the support in its sector.

  2. Posting of outguards.

  3. Use of patrols in advance of line of observation and to maintain contact with outguards and adjacent supports.

  4. Organization of the support position.

  5. A sketch showing disposition of the support and outguards.

  6. Action of outguards and support proper in defending the outpost line of resistance during an attack.
  After a short reconnaissance or map study the platoon leader must be able to establish the support proper, outguards, and patrols in a prompt and orderly manner. After an inspection of the various elements of the support he should be able to submit a sketch to the outpost commander showing the dispositions of the platoon.

Air-antitank guards should be established and antitank rifle grenadiers should be posted to cover probable tank approaches.

Foxholes or slit trenches should be dug and camouflaged for all personnel.

The platoon leader should have a plan of defense in case of hostile attack, and through aggressive leadership control the action of his platoon during an attack of the outpost.

--237--

    1. Motorized detachment (see FM 7-10, 7-40).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the use of a rifle platoon as a motorized detachment.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. A series of decisions, plans, and orders by the platoon leader.

  2. Action involving the reduction of a road block.

  3. The passage and defense of a defile.

  4. Reconnaissance on an extended front by motor patrols.
  The platoon leader must be able to organize the detachment to provide for control, flexibility, mobility, and security. His decisions must be prompt; his orders, clear and concise. His decisions, orders, and actions must be preceded by a thorough, yet speedy, reconnaissance.

His plan of control and signal communication must permit movement on an extended front if necessary.

He should control each situation through intelligent and aggressive leadership.

    1. Tactical march (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the rifle platoon, as part of a larger force, on the march.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Emphasis on march discipline.

  2. Disposition of sick or stragglers.

  3. Proper use of water.

  4. Conduct during halts--security measures.

  5. Action during an air or mechanized attack on the column.

  6. Use of guides at assembly areas.
  Proper supervision and control by the platoon leader and his noncommissioned officers should enable the platoon to meet without difficulty all the problems confronting troops in a tactical march, such as disposition of sick or stragglers, use of water, conduct during halts, and air and mechanized attacks on the column.

Guides assist the movement into and occupation of an assembly area. The end of the march should find the troops in good physical condition,

--238--

Scope   Execution

  1. Movement into an assembly area.
  ready to participate in an attack or any other action required.

    1. Security in defense (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle platoon as the combat outpost for an interior frontline battalion.

Situation to be based on establishment of combat outpost in conformity with orders of the battalion commander and to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Reconnaissance and selection of the outpost position by the platoon leader.

  2. Establishment of the combat outpost by the platoon leader to furnish the required local security.

  3. Actions of combat outpost.
  In reconnaissance for a combat outpost position, the platoon leader seeks terrain that affords long-range observation. The combat outpost sends forward outguards to hold the foreground of the battalion defense area under observation. A small support may be held in a central location. Provisions are made for patrolling between outguards and for contact with adjacent units.

The combat outpost gives warning of a hostile approach and repels hostile detachments that penetrate the general outpost. When required to withdraw, the withdrawal is made by previously selected routes which do not interfere with fire from the battle position.

    1. Attack (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving an interior rifle platoon, as part of a larger force, in the attacking echelon.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  The platoon leader with such assistants as he may select should make a thorough reconnaissance, prepare his plan of action, and issue his orders from a concealed point

--239--

Scope   Execution

  1. Reconnaissance and observation of the ground over which the platoon is to attack.

  2. Plan of action.

  3. Orders.

  4. A series of decisions and orders by the platoon leader during the attack to cope with developments.

  5. Assault of the enemy's position.
  where, if possible, the ground over which the platoon is to attack may be pointed out. His decisions and orders during the attack must be prompt, clear, and concise. He must control his platoon during the attack and assault by aggressive leadership.

    1. Attack as support (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle platoon as a support platoon in a coordinated attack of a larger force.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. The support platoon to follow the attacking echelon by bounds.

  2. Preparation of tentative plans for action.

  3. Local security measures to protect the platoon and flanks of the company.

  4. The use of the platoon to launch a flank attack against resistance holding up the leading echelon.
  The platoon leader must constantly observe the action of the attacking echelon and the situation on the flanks of the company. He should displace his platoon forward by bounds from covered position to covered position. Proper control should prevent the merging of his platoon with the attacking echelon. Suitable dispositions are made to protect the flanks and rear of the platoon, and of the company, as ordered by the company commander. By suitable control and aggressive leadership he should be prepared to enter the action at any time. The employment of the platoon in the flank attack should be initiated by short, clear orders and executed with precision and decision.

--240--

    1. Continuation of attack (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving reorganization of the rifle platoon for continuation of the attack upon reaching the company objective.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Use of automatic rifle teams and antitank rifle grenadiers to cover reorganization.

  2. Reorganization of the platoon.

  3. Replenishment of ammunition by collection from dead and wounded.

  4. Report to be made to the company commander on prisoners, identifications made, casualties, and status of ammunition supply.
  Upon reaching the objective, the platoon leader employs automatic riflemen and antitank rifle grenadiers for security and, with the assistance of his noncommissioned officers, promptly reorganizes his platoon, replacing leaders and key men who have become casualties. Ammunition should be collected from the dead and wounded and redistributed to squads. The platoon leader reports to the company commander the number of prisoners captured, hostile identifications made, and the number of casualties and status of ammunition supply in his platoon. Reconnaissance is started and plans made to resume the attack.

    1. Hasty occupation of defense position (see FM 5-15, 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving an interior front-line rifle platoon, as part of a larger force, in the hasty occupation of a defense position.

Situations to be based on the threat of enemy fire on the position within a few hours and to be drawn so as to require--

  After a hasty reconnaissance, the platoon leader should select positions for each rifle squad, automatic rifle team, and antitank rifle grenadier. Squads should mutually support each other and adjacent units.

Observation and local security should be assured first;

--241--

Scope   Execution

  1. Reconnaissance by platoon leader to locate positions of rifle squads, automatic rifle teams, and antitank rifle grenadiers.

  2. Security for, and coordination with, supporting weapons located in area.

  3. Decisions; actions, and orders of platoon leader for--

    1. Occupation and organization of position and fires.

    2. Priority of work.

  4. Actual work on position.

  5. Overlay or sketch to be prepared and submitted.
  clearing of fields of fire, preparation of some foxholes or similar entrenchments and camouflage should be executed simultaneously; preparation of obstacles with full advantage taken of natural features should have an early priority. Works should be gradually developed to provide the greatest possible defensive strength in time available. An overlay or sketch of position should be prepared and sent to company commander.

    1. Defense (see FM 5-15, 5-20, 7-5, 7-10, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle platoon, as part of a larger force, in the organization, occupation, and defense of an interior front-line platoon defense area.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Reconnaissance of the area.

  2. A plan for the organization of the ground.

  3. A plan of fires to include mutual flanking support.

  4. Priority of tasks.

  5. Posting of air-antitank guards.
  Platoon leader should precede the unit, reconnoiter area to be occupied, determine exact location of his defense area, develop his plan of defense, and establish priority of tasks in order that his platoon may move into area without delay.

The defense area when organized should provide: fires to cover assigned front and provide mutual flanking support; close protection for supporting weapons located in area; fire cover and alternate positions for each squad; air-antitank guards; a command

--242--

Scope   Execution

  1. Obstacles and camouflage.

  2. Fire, cover, and alternate positions for the automatic rifles and the rifle squads.

  3. Selection of the command post.

  4. Conduct of the defense, to include--

    1. Withholding of fire until enemy troops within effective range (500 yards).

    2. Final protective fires.

    3. Action against attacks by hostile foot troops and mechanized forces.

    4. Measures to block or eject enemy penetration of platoon area and of adjacent area.
  post which will afford effective observation over the platoon area, its sector of fire, and the areas of adjacent platoons; belt of obstacles (wire entanglement) entirely surrounding the area; camouflage of positions; communication within the area and with the company.

During the attack of the position, fire should be held until the attacker comes within close range. Should enemy elements succeed in entering the position they are ejected by fire or counterattack.

    1. Defense as support (see FM 5-15, 5-20, 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a support platoon, as part of a larger force, in the organization, occupation, and defense of a support defense area.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. A reconnaissance of the area.

  2. A plan for and the organization of the ground.

  3. A plan of fire.

  4. Obstacles and camouflage.

  5. Antiaircraft fire by automatic rifles.
  Before starting on reconnaissance, the platoon leader arranges for movement forward of the platoon; while on reconnaissance he formulates plan and prepares notes from which to issue his defense order upon his return: he should establish priority of tasks.

Organization should provide fire to the flanks of the forward defense areas, in the gaps between them, and within the forward areas should they be overrun; protection

--243--

Scope   Execution

  1. Antimechanized fire by antitank rifle grenadiers.

  2. Alternate squad positions.

  3. Selection of command post.

  4. Communication.

  5. Conduct of the defense.
  for the flanks and rear of the company area is provided.

    1. Relief of front-line platoon (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle platoon, part of a larger force, in night relief of a front-line platoon. Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Prior planning by platoon leader to include--

    1. Inspection of individual equipment, arms, ammunition, and reserve rations.

    2. Reconnaissance of position and inspection accompanied by the platoon leader to be relieved.

    3. Plan of defense.

    4. Arrangement for guides and point where they will meet relieving unit.

  2. The execution of the relief, under cover of darkness, as planned by the platoon leader.
  Incoming platoon leader, assisted by his noncommissioned officers, makes a detailed inspection to assure himself that his platoon has the prescribed equipment, ammunition, and reserve rations. Both platoon leaders make a thorough reconnnaissance and inspection of the position and arrange transfer of authorized supplies and equipment. The incoming platoon leader should orient himself on his mission, the plan of defense, supply and evacuation arrangements, and all available information of local hostile and friendly dispositions, habits, obstacles, and fires. He orients his platoon on all these points and designates positions for squads in the defense area. He arranges for guides to lead his platoon forward during darkness and where guides will meet the platoon.

--244--

Scope   Execution
    He reconnoiters routes forward. The relief should be made quietly and without lights. After the relief is completed the platoon leader makes an inspection of his area and reports to the company commander.

    1. Daylight withdrawal (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
    Execution
A problem involving a rifle platoon, as part of a larger force, in a daylight withdrawal from contact.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Orders of the platoon leader.

  2. Withdrawal of platoon elements by small groups.

  3. Use of noncommissioned officers for control.

  4. Designation of elements to cover the withdrawal.

  5. Defense against air and tank attack during the withdrawal.
  The platoon leader's orders should be clear and brief, cover the plan and control of the withdrawal, and be specific as to the route to the rear position. Reconnaissance will usually be coincident with the withdrawal. Withdrawal of squads must be coordinated, employing automatic riflemen to maintain a volume of fire while gradually thinning out the line. Individuals move straight to the rear, reporting to noncommissioned officers at designated points in rear of the support platoon area, where they are assembled and moved to the company assembly area.

Air-antitank guards are designated. In case of air attack against them after they break contact, troops open fire on attacking planes. Antitank rifle grenadiers fire on mechanized vehicles within effective range. The platoon

--245--

    Execution
    leader should control his platoon by intelligent, aggressive leadership.

    1. Night withdrawal.
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the night withdrawal of a front-line rifle platoon, as part of a larger force.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Reconnaissance of the platoon and company assembly areas and routes of withdrawal.

  2. Issuance of order.

  3. Designation and employment of the covering force.

  4. Control measures for the movement of the platoon to the company assembly area.

  5. Sequence of withdrawal of personnel.

  6. Measures to preserve secrecy.

  7. Ammunition supply.
  Routes of withdrawal and assembly areas must be reconnoitered and marked during daylight by men selected by the platoon leader. Reconnoitering groups must be small to preserve secrecy. Routes chosen should be easily identified after dark.

The platoon leader should go personally to his subordinates and issue the withdrawal order.

When practicable, integrity of squads should be maintained in designating the platoon covering force.

Rearward movement should begin after dark in accord with orders of higher authority. Individuals move to squad assembly area, where squad leaders regain control and move squads to the platoon assembly area. Small column formations should be adopted. Movement should be accomplished quietly, without confusion, and in secrecy. The covering force should simulate normal activity. Sufficient ammunition should be left with the covering force. Any

--246--

    Execution
    surplus ammunition should be carried to the rear or rendered useless.

    1. Night attack (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-40, 100-5).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the employment of a rifle platoon, as part of a larger force, in a night attack.

Situations to be based on an attack shortly before daylight to seize a limited objective to facilitate continuation of attack after daylight and to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Daylight reconnaissance of routes, line of departure, and observation of the ground over which attack will be made.

  2. Formulation of plan and order by the platoon leader.

  3. Formation, used in forward movement, to be one that provides ease of control and maintenance of direction by leaders.

  4. Assault of position.

  5. Actions of leaders upon completion of successful attack.
  Night attack should be preceded by a detailed daylight reconnaissance of terrain over which the approach and attack are to be made.

Leader's plan must be simple and orders should cover every eventuality that reasonably can be foreseen. Secrecy is indispensable for success of a night attack and secrecy provisions should be strictly enforced. (See also par. 6p.)

Initial formation should be in columns which simplify control and maintenance of contact. On close approach to enemy position platoon columns may be broken into squad columns with decreased intervals and distances; finally lines of skirmishers with decreased intervals are formed. Bayonets should be fixed and rifles unloaded. Rate of advance should be prescribed. During advance the leader should constantly check direction.

Final assault should be made from positions close to

--247--

    Execution
    the enemy line with the bayonet and without firing.

Upon capturing the hostile position a prearranged signal should be given. Reorganization should be initiated immediately and groups located to resist counterattack.

    1. Attack in woods (see FM 7-5, 7-10, 7-40).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving an interior rifle platoon, as part of a larger force, in an attack in woods.

Situations to be based on the assumption that the platoon has gained the near edge of the woods, reorganized, and is ready to continue the attack and to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Use of scouts to cover the advance.

  2. Advance to be made by azimuth direction, and when the wooded area is large, by bounds within the woods.

  3. Formation in line of small columns.

  4. Provision for flank protection.

  5. Decisions and orders by the platoon leader upon encountering resistance within the woods.
  Scouts precede the platoon, reconnoitering to front and flanks, and signal the platoon to advance when all is clear. Formation of platoon varies with density of woods.

When advancing within woods, the platoon leader should supervise movement, take precautions to prevent loss of direction, maintain contact with adjacent units, and provide security.

Movement should be by bounds. Contact and control should be regained after each bound. The attack of hostile resistance should be a series of maneuvers to gain local objectives, primarily by flanking action. The platoon leader's decisions should be prompt and his orders clear and brief. He should control his platoon by aggressive leadership.

--248--

    1. Night patrol (raid) (see FM 7-5, 21-100).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a rifle platoon as a night patrol to gain information and capture prisoners.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Organization of the patrol.

  2. Orders and instructions by the platoon leader.

  3. Plans and preparations for execution of the mission.

  4. Execution of the raid.
  After a thorough map study, and ground reconnaissance, the platoon leader makes his plan. His preparations for the raid should include: rehearsal of unit on similar ground when practicable; identification marks visible at night for each member; signals for control; inspection of physical condition, arms, and equipment of members of the patrol; removal of distinctive insignia, written matter, maps, documents, and the like; and designation of key noncommissioned officers to assist in control during the movement and the raid.

The platoon leader must be able to organize the patrol to provide for control and all-around security. His orders must be clear and in detail as to duties of all members of the patrol. They should know the mission, enemy situation, general route to be followed, friendly troops through which the patrol will pass, and probable time of return. Instructions to security groups must be specific as to actions to be taken in case of discovery and an assembly area designated for

--249--

    Execution
    use if the members of the patrol become separated.

The platoon should reach its objective in secrecy, accomplish its mission, and return through the friendly lines.

  1. WEAPONS PLATOON.

    1. Security on the march (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the employment of the weapons platoon in support of the action of rifle elements of the support of an advance guard.

Situations to be based on the company commander's order and to be drawn so as to require--

Decisions, plans, and orders of the platoon leader for the employment of the platoon as follows:

  1. To support the advance party.

  2. To support the advance party in a frontal attack and a rifle platoon of the support in a flanking movement.

  3. To support the company in an envelopment of both flanks of hostile resistance holding up the advance party.
  The platoon leader should move near the company command group. He should be constantly abreast of the situation and observe the terrain, making tentative plans to employ the elements of the platoon, in order that he may be prepared to engage his unit promptly upon orders of the company commander. He should make prompt decisions and issue clear and concise orders to subordinates to carry out the company plan.

He should displace weapons forward immediately to support the company; weapons should be placed in firing positions without detailed reconnaissance.

He should delegate to the platoon sergeant or section leader supervision of the mortar section, when he commands the light machine-gun section.

--250--

    Execution
    Positions on the flanks, from which to bring enfilade fire on hostile elements, should be sought for the light machine-gun section. The light machine-gun section may accompany the flanking platoon in order to secure flanking or oblique fire and render close support to that platoon. Mortar squads may be attached to platoons making flanking movements, or held in a central position under company control.

    1. Approach march (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the weapons platoon of a leading rifle company in approach march.

Situation, based on the company development order, to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Orders, disposition, and initial formations for advance.

  2. Reconnaissance of platoon leader along route of advance for firing position areas, crossings or minor detours, and dangerous areas.

  3. Action in support of attack on hostile elements.

  4. Control and movement of weapon carriers.
  Platoon leader's orders should be clear, brief, and concise. They should cover the disposition of the platoon for the advance and prescribe the initial formation. The formation should conform in general to those of the rifle elements. It should be such as to minimize the effect of hostile fire, and retain the greatest practicable degree of control. During the advance, section leaders upon their own initiative may change the formation of their units to meet changes in the situation and to minimize the effect of hostile fire.

Continuous reconnaissance by platoon leader to provide

--251--

    Execution
    for readiness for action against hostile elements.

When concealment and cover are adequate, weapon carriers usually move with squads. On open ground, in daylight, weapon carriers usually move by bounds in rear of foot elements. Air-antitank guards are detailed.

    1. Preparation for attack (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the weapons platoon of a rifle company in occupation of a final assembly position by night and the advance to firing position areas, preparatory to supporting a daylight attack.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Daylight reconnaissance by platoon leader to select and mark route to final assembly area and firing position area.

  2. Issuance of orders.

  3. Movement to final assembly area.

  4. Movement into firing position area.

  5. Disposition of carriers.
  The platoon leader, accompanied by his section leaders, makes a reconnaissance of the final assembly area, and of firing position areas and routes thereto. Routes should be well marked, compass bearings and distances noted. Cover positions and initial firing position areas are selected for both sections. Positions for the light machine-gun section are selected for flanking or oblique fire, and the section is assigned definite targets or is assigned a sector of fire. Forward troops and targets should be visible from firing positions. The firing position of the mortars should be within effective range of their targets and within voice or arm-and-hand signaling distance of a point affording

--252--

    Execution
    observation of targets and friendly front-line troops. Observation posts are selected.

The platoon leader's orders should be clear and definite as to assigned missions and be issued from a point affording observation over the zone of action.

Movement to the final assembly position and firing position area should be made quietly. Compact formations should be used to facilitate maintaining contact and control. Firing positions should be occupied at such time as to insure fire support to the attacking echelon.

Section leaders check actual firing positions in semi-daylight, making minor adjustments where required.

Carriers are moved as far forward as practicable and are concealed in terrain affording protection from small-arms fire. Weapons and ammunition are then moved forward by hand.

    1. Attack (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the use of the weapons platoon in support of an interior   The weapons platoon leader accompanies the rifle company commander on reconnaissance

--253--

Scope   Execution
front-line rifle company in a daylight attack.

Situation to be based on the company attack order, and to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Reconnaissance and orders of the platoon leader for the employment of the light machine-gun section to:

    1. Support by flanking fire a rifle platoon held up.

    2. Protect a flank of the company.

    3. Assist in breaking up a hostile counterattack.

  2. Series of situations requiring the employment of the 60-mm mortar section:

    1. For initial support of the attack.

    2. Displacement to conform to the advance of rifle units.

    3. Decentralization of fire direction to squad leaders.
  and disposes the platoon as directed by the company order.

Through aggressive leadership, the platoon leader should be constantly in touch with the situation and ready to support the attack of the rifle elements.

In employment of the light machine guns every opportunity is exploited to maneuver the section to positions from which flanking or oblique fire can be delivered in support of the attack. When suitable initial fire position areas are available, the light machine-gun section supports the attacking echelon; or it follows the attacking echelon at close distance until opportunity for employment arises.

The mortar section should support the attack from initial fire position areas or follow the advance of the attacking echelon to position areas within effective range. The platoon leader should closely observe the action of the leading rifle echelon and coordinate the fire action of the mortars with the fire and movement of the rifle units.

Displacement should be effected so as to cause as little interruption as possible in

--254--

    Execution
    the continuity of mortar support. As the enemy resistance weakens, squads may be assigned missions of direct support of rifle platoons.

    1. Continuation of attack (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the weapons platoon of an interior rifle company in covering the reorganization of the company and preparatory measures to support continuation of the attack.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Employment of the platoon to cover the reorganization of the company.

  2. Reorganization of the platoon.

  3. Measures taken in preparation to support a continuation of the attack.
  Upon the capture of an objective, or a temporary halt by the attacking echelon for reorganization, the platoon leader should promptly direct section leaders to positions from which their weapons can protect the front and flanks of the leading rifle platoons against counterattack during the reorganization. In the absence of orders, section leaders take prompt action on their own initiative.

Section leaders replace squad leaders and key men who have become casualties and report strength and ammunition requirements to the platoon leader. The platoon leader replaces casualties in platoon headquarters and among section leaders.

Prompt reconnaissance should be initiated by the platoon leader for positions to support the resumption of the attack. Position areas should be designated and arrangements accomplished to facilitate movement to them.

--255--

    1. Defense (see FM 5-15, 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the weapons platoon in the daylight occupation and organization of positions to support a front-line rifle company defense area.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Reconnaissance of company area by platoon leader to locate firing position areas for prescribed final protective lines, sectors of fire, and target areas.

  2. Coordination with heavy weapons company.

  3. Issuance of orders to section leaders.

  4. Use of weapon carriers to place at positions a supply of ammunition in excess of normal loads.

  5. Disposition of weapon carriers when ammunition supply is depleted.

  6. Security measures during organization.

  7. Supervision by the platoon leader of--

    1. The movement of sections and squads by their leaders to position areas.

    2. Actual selection, preparation, occupation, and organization of firing positions
  The platoon leader is furnished the company plan of defense and makes a reconnaissance of the defense area while the troops are moving forward. Section leaders, preceding their units, meet the platoon leader on the position to receive his order based on the company plan (missions of light machine guns as prescribed in battalion order). The platoon leader's order should indicate: primary and alternate firing positions; sectors of fire; final protective lines for light machine guns; primary and secondary target areas for all mortars; and supplementary firing positions and missions to be fired from these positions. It should also include instructions for the organization of the ground, for priority of work, and for final protective fires (signal, rate, and duration). The platoon leader contacts the heavy weapons company commander and coordinates the location of his light machine guns.

The prescribed supply of ammunition should be

--256--

Scope   Execution
      and entrenchments and the preparation of camouflage by the sections and squads.

    1. Selection of observation posts by the squad leader of each 60-mm squad.

    2. Selection of observation posts by the section leader of the light machine-gun section.
  dumped near weapon emplacements and stored in sheltered places.

During the organization of the position, weapons occupy emergency firing positions prepared to fire assigned missions.

Weapon carriers revert to battalion control when ammunition supply is completed. The platoon leader supervises the organization of the positions, or delegates the supervision of one section to the platoon sergeant when supervision of both sections is impracticable. The actual movement of units and the selection of exact firing positions as well as the occupation and organization of the position are accomplished by the section and squad leaders.

    1. Defense at night (see FM 5-15, 5-20, 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the weapons platoon in the occupation and organization, during the night, of positions to support a front-line rifle company defense area.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. A daylight reconnaissance of the company defense area by the platoon leader to locate firing position areas for prescribed final protective
  The platoon leader should arrange to have his section and squad leaders join him in the company defense area after the issuance of the company defense order. He should issue his platoon order in time to allow them time during daylight to select and mark weapon positions, set up aiming stakes, and mark routes of movement for weapons. All markings

--257--

Scope   Execution
    lines, sectors of fire, and target areas.

  1. Actions and orders of the platoon leader in effecting movement and emplacement of light machine guns and 60-mm mortars in--

    1. Emergency firing positions.

    2. Prepared positions during darkness without lights.

  2. Disposition of weapon carriers when ammunition supply is completed.

  3. Checking firing positions of weapons at daylight.
  used must be readily recognizable at night.

Weapons should be moved to position areas and placed in the emergency firing positions shortly after dark and organization of the ground should proceed quietly. Emplacements should be prepared for all the weapons and weapons moved to the prepared positions. Foxholes or slit trenches should be dug and camouflaged for personnel not sheltered in emplacements.

The firing positions should be checked at daylight and necessary adjustments made to enable weapons to fire their assigned missions.

Prescribed amounts of ammunition should be dumped and concealed near weapon positions and carriers should be released to battalion control in time to clear the battle position and be concealed from hostile observation before daylight.

    1. Conduct of defense (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the weapons platoon of a front-line rifle company in the conduct of the defense against ground, air, and tank attacks.   Fire of weapons emplaced for defense of the main line of resistance should be withheld until the enemy approaches within 500 yards. At that time weapons engage

--258--

Scope   Execution
Situations to be based on the company defense order and to be drawn so as to require:

  1. Appropriate decisions, actions, and orders for the employment of the light machine guns and 60-mm mortars when:

    1. The enemy initiates the attack and approaches within 500 yards of the battle position.

    2. The attack approaches the band of final protective fires.

    3. The enemy effects a penetration in the company defense area.

  2. Action against hostile aerial or mechanized forces.
  remunerative targets, the 60-mm mortars paying particular attention to targets defiladed from the fire of flat-trajectory weapons.

When final protective fires are called for, or ordered, light machine guns open fire along their assigned final protective lines and 60-mm mortars fire on their primary target areas in accordance with the prearranged fire plan. In the event of a hostile penetration, light machine guns employ flanking fire to prevent the enemy from widening the gap; 60-mm mortar fire should be used to prevent reinforcements from entering the gap.

In case of attack by hostile aerial or mechanized forces, weapon crews lower weapons in their emplacements to prevent damage, and individuals take shelter in prepared foxholes or slit trenches. When the attack of planes or tanks passes, crews put weapons in action without delay to meet the attack of foot troops.

    1. Night withdrawal (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving a night withdrawal by a weapons platoon from an interior front-line   The platoon leader's plan should provide for all contingencies that may be foreseen.

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Scope   Execution
rifle company defense area.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Daylight reconnaissance of designated platoon and company assembly areas and withdrawal routes thereto.

  2. Based on company order, designation of light machine-gun squad and 60-mm mortar squad(s) to remain with covering force.

  3. Measures to insure secrecy.

  4. Execution of withdrawal by light machine-gun and 60-mm mortar squads with--

    1. Front-line units.

    2. Covering force.

  5. Use of weapon carriers.

  6. Ammunition supply.
  Noncommissioned officers concerned should be notified. Guides should report to the company command post to accompany the party reconnoitering withdrawal routes and assembly areas. The hour of withdrawal should be given. The light machine-gun squad and 60-mm mortar squad(s) to be left with the company covering force should be designated.

During the day, activity should be normal. Night movements should be without lights and unusual noises avoided. Elements remaining with the covering force should simulate insofar as possible the normal activity of the entire unit.

Light machine-gun and mortar squads should withdraw by hand-carrying their weapons to the weapon carriers. Weapon carriers should be brought as far forward as battalion orders and the situation permit, but sufficiently in rear to prevent the enemy hearing truck movements or loading noises.

Only two men should stay with each light machine gun or mortar left with the company covering force. They should withdraw to the rear

--260--

    Execution
    on order of the company covering force commander. Vehicles should be left to expedite the withdrawal of the light machine-gun and mortar squads of the covering force.

When the ammunition needs of the light machine-gun and mortar squads of the covering force are met, the surplus should be removed by hand on withdrawal or destroyed.

    1. Daylight withdrawal (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the daylight withdrawal of a weapons platoon as part of an interior front-line rifle company.

Situations to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Limited reconnaissance of assembly positions and routes of withdrawal.

  2. Employment of the light machine-gun section, when the front-line rifle platoons of the company are to be withdrawn by--

    1. Platoon echelon.

    2. Thinning from all platoons.

  3. Withdrawal of 60-mm mortar sections when--

    1. Mortar squads are attached to rifle platoons.

    2. Employed as a section.
  The platoon leader should quickly formulate his plan and promptly issue brief, fragmentary orders to subordinate leaders, including: time withdrawal starts, sequence of withdrawal, routes of withdrawal, and initial platoon and company assembly areas.

Reconnaissance will frequently be coincident with the withdrawal. Routes which afford cover and concealment should be selected. If time permits noncommissioned officers are sent back to pick routes and assembly areas and lead their units to the rear.

When the company withdraws by platoon, the light machine-gun section should

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Scope   Execution

  1. Control of units in the withdrawal.

  2. Use of weapon carriers.

  3. Ammunition supply.
  be withdrawn first to a position from which it can cover gaps created by withdrawal of the platoons. Then the light machine-gun section should withdraw under cover of rifle elements to its rear. When the company withdraws by simultaneously thinning from platoons, light machine guns initially should be held to cover the company front. The squads should withdraw singly with the last rifle elements from the forward position, one gun moving to a rear covering position while the other gun remains in place.

If attached to rifle platoons, 60-mm mortar squads should effect their withdrawal under orders of rifle platoon leaders. When employed as a section, their withdrawal should be under direction of the weapons platoon leader.

Withdrawal of light machine-gun and mortar squads should be by defiladed routes and so conducted as to unmask fire of the company covering force. Weapons should be hand-carried from firing positions to the weapon carriers which, by using defiladed routes, should be brought as far forward as

--262--

    Execution
    terrain and enemy action permit.

Section leaders are responsible for keeping the weapons platoon leader informed of the amount of ammunition on hand. Ammunition and supplies that cannot be removed should be destroyed prior to withdrawal.

    1. Delaying action following daylight withdrawal (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the employment of the weapons platoon of a rifle company in delaying action following a daylight withdrawal.

Situation, based upon the company commander's plans, to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Orders of the platoon leader.

  2. Selection of positions by the platoon leader to deliver long-range light machine-gun fires against enemy elements.

  3. Selection of positions by mortar squad leaders attached to rifle platoons.

  4. Provisions for rendering continuous fire support to rifle platoons.
  Orders should be brief and in fragmentary form. They should cover attachment of mortars to rifle platoons and the use of weapon carriers by elements of the platoon.

Positions near crests should be selected and occupied by the light machine guns to obtain long-range fields of fire and to facilitate withdrawals. Positions selected should be protected by rifle elements.

Mortar squads are usually attached to rifle platoons in delaying action and the squad leaders select firing positions for their squads. Positions should be near good observation from which the squad leader can control the fire of his mortar by voice or by arm-and-hand signals.

--263--

    Execution
    Early reconnaissance by the platoon leader and the mortar section leader of successive positions in rear will facilitate continuous support of the rifle elements. Light machine guns are displaced to the rear by squad echelon. The mortar section leader can point out firing positions for squads as they move back.

    1. Attack in woods (see FM 7-5, 7-10).
Scope   Execution
A problem involving the employment of the weapons platoon of an interior rifle company in an attack through a large woods.

Situations, based on an advance through the woods after a reorganization in the near edge, and on the company commander's orders attaching mortar squads to rifle platoons, to be drawn so as to require--

  1. Assumption of the proper formation by the light machine-gun section and the mortar squads for advance through the woods.

  2. A series of situations requiring--

    1. The light machine-gun section to take up positions to fire through gaps in riflemen to reduce hostile resistance.
  In a dense woods the formation should be squad column with intervals and distances reduced to the limit of visibility, and contact should be insured between units. The light machine-gun section should follow closely behind the attacking echelon. The mortar squads should follow closely behind the platoons to which they are attached. Direction should be maintained by means of compass and by guiding on the leading echelon. The light machine-gun section and mortar squads conform to the movements of the rifle elements.

The light machine guns take advantage of clearings or gaps in the line of riflemen to deliver fire at short ranges in order to reduce resistance.

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Scope   Execution

    1. The light machine-gun squad used to dislodge snipers.

    2. The aggressiveness of the mortar squad leader in utilizing a clearing in the woods to support a rifle platoon by mortar fire.

    3. The selection of positions for the platoon to support the debouchment of the company from the woods.
  They may also use bursts of fire to dislodge snipers.

By aggressive leadership the mortar squad leaders utilize openings in the woods as firing positions to support rifle platoons, whenever mortar fire can be observed.

During the reorganization of the company, prior to debouchment from the woods, the weapons platoon leader, with the assistance of his section leaders, should reconnoiter, select, and occupy positions from which the platoon can support the attack of the company to seize its next objective.

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