FMFRP 12-12
History of the Medical Department
of the U.S. Navy
in
World War IIUnited States Government Printing Office
1953
This volume is "under development" and will be completed as time allows...
Contents
Chapter Page Foreword v Preface viii Illustrations xii Tables xvii I. Facilities of the Medical Department of the Navy 1 Continental and Extracontinental Hospitals 1 Development of Mobile and Base Hospitals 17 Special Augmented Hospitals 37 Medical Facilities: European, Atlantic and African Theaters 37 Submarine Medicine 42 The Dental Situation 56 II. Experiences in Battle of the Medical Department of the Navy 63 Pearl Harbor 63 The Solomons Campaign 66 Guadalcanal 67 New Georgia 74 Bougainville 78 New Hebrides 82 Saipan 83 Iwo Jima 89 Okinawa 104 Medical Action Afloat 114 Prisoners of War and Enemy Civilians 118 Normandy 121 Sicily 125 Salerno 127 Dental Officers' Experiences in Battle 128 III. Mobile and Base Hospitals 133 Lions and Cubs 138 U.S. Naval Base Hospital No. 12 145 IV. Medical Procurement and Supply 149 Advanced Base Program 153 Extracontinental Medical Supply Storehouses (MSS'S) 155 Medical Supply From Floating Outlets 156 Advanced Base Supply 157 Marine Combat Supply 158 Whole Blood for Transfusion 159 Matériel Shortages and Defects 159 V. Development of Medical Services for Marine Corps Forces in the Field 161 VI. Medical Service With Amphibious Forces in the Saipan Operation 171 VII. Medical Service in the Seventh Amphibious Force 183 VIII. Medical Aspects of Naval Operations in the Mediterranean 189 Organization of the Naval Medical Department 189 The Naval Medical Corps in Amphibious Operations 191 Medical and Epidemiological Considerations 193 IX. Air Evacuation and Transportation of Sick and Wounded 203 X. Aviation Medicine 209 A. Developments in Aviation Medicine 209 B. High Altitude Training 212 C. Night Vision Training 218 D. Aviation Psychology 221 E. Naval Aviation Medical Research 228 XI. Burns 243 XII. Program for the Deaf 245 XIII. Blindness 249 XIV. Neurosurgery 253 XV. Peripheral Neurosurgery 261 XVI. Thoracic Injuries 267 XVII. Orthopedic Casualties Aboard a Hospital Ship 283 XVIII. Cardiology 287 XIX. Dermatology 299 XX. Medical Research 315 XXI. Clinical Psychology in the Screening Program 321 XXII. Medical Aspects of Blast 329 XXIII. Roentgenology 347 XXIV. Rehabilitation 357 XXV. Malnutrition in Repatriated Prisoners of War 367
Illustrations
Page Franklin Delano Roosevelt, President of the United States, 1933 to 1945. Front Ross T. McIntire, Vice Admiral (MC) USN (Retired), Surgeon General, United States Navy, 1938 to 1946 Front 1. U.S. Naval Hospital, Annapolis, Md. 2 2. U.S. Naval Hospital, Bremerton, Wash. 2 3. U.S. Naval Hospital, Brooklyn, N.Y. 3 4. U.S. Naval Hospital, Charleston, S.C. 3 5. U.S. Naval Hospital, Chelsea, Mass. 4 6. U.S. Naval Hospital, Corona, Calif. 4 7. U.S. Naval Hospital, Corpus Christi, Tex. 5 8. U.S. Naval Hospital, Great Lakes, Ill. 5 9. U.S. Naval Hospital, Jacksonville, Fla. 6 10. U.S. Naval Hospital, Mare Island, Calif. 6 11. U.S. Naval Hospital, Newport, R.I. 7 12. U.S. Naval Hospital, Parris Island, S.C. 7 13. U.S. Naval Hospital, Pensacola, Fla. 8 14. U.S. Naval Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. 9 15. U.S. Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, Va. 9 16. U.S. Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, N.H. 10 17. U.S. Naval Hospital, Quantico, Va. 10 18. U.S. Naval Hospital, San Diego, Calif. 11 19. U.S. Naval Hospital, Washington, D.C. 11 20. U.S.S. Relief 12 21. U.S.S. Solace 12 22. Average patient census, all naval hospitals 13 23. U.S. Naval Hospital, Bethesda, Md. 14 24. U.S. Naval Hospital, San Francisco (Treasure Island), Calif. 14 25. U.S. Naval Hospital, Oakland, Calif. 15 26. U.S. Naval Hospital, Seattle, Wash. 15 27. U.S. Naval Hospital, Key West, Fla. 16 28. U.S. Naval Hospital, Long Beach, Calif. 16 29. U.S. Naval Hospital, Norfolk, Va. 17 30. U.S. Naval Hospital, Norman, Okla. 17 31. Mobile Hospital No. 1 at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba 18 32. Mobile Hospital No. 1 at Bermuda 19 33. U.S. Naval Hospitals in the Pacific in 1942 20 34. Mobile Hospital No. 8 at Guadalcanal 21 35. U.S. Naval Convalescent Hospital, Harriman, N.Y. 22 36. U.S. Naval Hospital, Farragut, Idaho 23
Tables
Table Page 1. Increase in Medical Department personnel on active duty, 1939-45 1 2. Hospitals and hospital ships in commission in 1941 1 3. Hospitals commissioned in 1942 13 4. Mobile and base hospitals commissioned in 1942 21 5. Hospitals commissioned in 1943 22 6. Hospitals and hospital ships commissioned in 1944 30 7. Hospitals and hospital ships commissioned in 1945 30 8. Medical supply facilities, all types 35 9. Dispensaries in the United Kingdom 38 10. Hospitals and dispensaries in the Atlantic Theater 38 11. Medical Department facilities in the African Theater, 1 January 1945 42 12. Diseases of the urogenital system in submarine personnel on war patrol 48 13. Incidence per thousand of disease or injury of submarine personnel (1944) 48 14. Diseases limiting duration of submarine patrols 48 15. Habitability reports of fleet-type submarines 49 16. Psychiatric casualties encountered aboard submarines 53 17. Deaths occurring aboard submarines on war patrols 53 18. Number of men trained and qualified in "lung" escape 56 19. Dental facilities asof August 1945 57 20. Number of First Marine Division patients hospitalized for malaria as compared with other diseases‹--Guadalcanal 73 21. Casualties and evacuation--Iwo Jima 104 22. Disease conditions requiring evacuation from Okinawa 109 23. Maxillofacial battle casualties treated in the Solace 129 24. Statistical report--Second Marine Division hospital 180 25. Typhus cases anddeaths in Naples 197 26. Types of plague cases seen in Dakar, and percent mortality 199 27. Methods of treatment of plague cases 200 28. Results of treatment of plague cases 200 29. Incidence of decompression illness in low-pressure chamber training flights 217 30. Blindness, Navy and Marine Corps, World War II 250 31. Mortality rate from thoracic wounds in wars prior to World War II 267 32. Cardiovascular diseases observed during early Guadalcanal period 295 33. Invalided from the service for tuberculosis (all forms), U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, 1930-45 354 34. Original admission rates per 1,000 average strength for tuberculosis (all forms), according to occupation, U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, 1930-45 354 35. Tuberculosis (all forms), admission rates, noneffective ratios, and death rates, U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, 1930-45 355 36. Physical condition of repatriated prisoners of war 371