INTRODUCTION

Following 7 December, 1941, it was found that task forces engaged in operations ran low on fuel appreciably earlier than expected. The necessity for moving an ever increasing number of fast tankers into position for refueling slowed down and restricted offensive operations. In the early phases of the war when the number of fast tankers was limited, one task force commander described his refueling problem as the "Battle of the Fuel Oil." Two conditions became apparent:

1. There was insufficient information on wartime radius and endurance for the planning of task force operations.

2. When war service data were analyzed it was found that the actual radius of all ships was appreciably less than originally expected, and in the case of destroyers and some cruisers it was inadequate.

The above conditions resulted mainly from the practice of basing computations of cruising radius and endurance on fuel allowances for engineering scores. These allowances were established for peacetime operating conditions, under which rigid fuel economies were practiced by individual ships to obtain high scores, and fleet and force operations were planned to permit the most economical hook-ups in order to conserve fuel. In time of war task force speeds and other operations are dictated by the strategical and tactical situation, and individual ships must maintain maximum safety and readiness to meet sudden heavy demands while operating under relatively unfavorable conditions. Single or reduced boiler operation, cruising turbines and other fuel-saving arrangements can rarely be utilized. Increased displacements brought about by additional weapons, larger crews, etc., and other factors further add to wartime fuel expenditures.

In order to provide logistics data suitable for wartime use, a comprehensive study of wartime operation was undertaken, using modern statistical methods to correlate the large mass of information available. It was found that the most fundamental relation involved in underway fuel consumption is the relation between propeller speed and hourly fuel rate. This relation was therefore made the basis for all computations. Mean hourly and daily fuel rates at various propeller speeds were determined from thousands of hours of steady run data. Endurances in hours and days were found by dividing the mean fuel rates into the fuel capacity of the ship. Common usage requires, however, that endurance in time be translated into radius in miles; this was done by multiplying endurance in hours by the estimated speed in knots. In addition to values of radius found for the mean displacement of the data period, values of radius were calculated for a lighter displacement, chosen arbitrarily. Linear interpolation of the data provides an estimate of radius at any mean displacement desired.

It has been customary in the past to express cruising radius in miles without qualification or limitation. When radius is interpreted as navigational miles, some misunderstanding may result with respect to what a ship can do. This is because the computation of radius depends in part on the R.P.M.-knot relation, which is unpredictably influenced by weather and sea conditions. It appears preferable to specify radius in engine miles. This term is used throughout the following pages. An individual ship can determine her radius in navigational miles by multiplying the endurance at a given propeller speed by the corresponding ship speed found by navigational means.

It is evident from practical considerations that no single exact value can be found for fuel rate, endurance or radius at a given propeller speed. Mean values can, however, be obtained which are representative for average conditions. In all cases it is possible to increase the significance of the mean values by supplying them with tolerances to take account of normal variations in operating conditions. The determination of these tolerances is one of the most important and valuable features of this study.

The statistical and engineering procedures employed in the analysis of war service fuel consumption data are elsewhere discussed in detail.* The results obtained are presented in FTP 218 in the form of tables and charts. The main tables provide steady steaming data for use by the Forces Afloat in planning war operations and for consideration by those concerned with future design. The data are also presented graphically in charts from which relations between speed, fuel consumption, and days and miles steamed can be picked off quickly and conveniently. The charts are subdivided to show what can be done with any given amount of oil in excess of 20 per cent held in reserve and what can be done with the last 20 per cent of fuel on board. Additional tables provide average underway data, not-underway data, and other pertinent information. The data have been published in loose-leaf form to facilitate inclusion of revisions and additions.

FTP 218, containing data on war service fuel consumption, will be supplemented by a second publication containing fuel allowances for peacetime operations, based on a statistical analysis of data collected and analyzed when the Fleet is operating under a peacetime organization. THE FUEL ALLOWANCES FOR PEACETIME OPERATIONS WILL NEVER BE USED TO COMPUTE ENDURANCE OR RADIUS OR TO PROVIDE A BASIS FOR DESIGN.


* Bureau of Ships Research Memorandum No.3-44 (War Service Fuel Consumption: Theory and Construction of Underway Tables and Charts).

--1--

DISCUSSION OF TABLES AND CHARTS

1. The following articles contain a general discussion of the practical factors which were taken into account in preparing the tables and charts on war service fuel consumption, together with information regarding their use and meaning. A description of the statistical methods and theories employed in processing the service data will be published separately as Bureau of Ships Research Memorandum No.3-44, entitled "War Service Fuel Consumption: Theory and Construction of Underway Tables and Charts."

Table I. WAR LOGISTICS DATA FOR STEADY STEAMING

2. Table I and its supplement§ contain the main portion of useful information on wartime fuel consumption found by statistical analysis of service data. The raw data were obtained directly from Daily Work Sheets or Underway Data Sheets and Monthly Summaries. The mean displacement for the fuel data period was obtained by averaging draft readings. Fuel capacities and R.P.M.-knot relations were provided by the Navy Department. The R.P.M.-knot relations were estimated from trial data or from model basin tests; trial data were used wherever available. The steady steaming data as shown in table I cover all normal operating variables, including fouling. In view of the varied service experience with plastic paint no adjustment of the data for time out of dock is used. A detailed description of table I (sample on facing page) is given below.

3. Column (1).--The propeller speeds listed in column (1) are a guide for the entire table. While the use of knots in this column would appear preferable, it was not possible for the following reason: The R.P.M.-hourly fuel rate relation

can be determined accurately from service data by statistical means; the knot-hourly fuel rate relation cannot be so determined because there is no accurate method for making routine measurements of the true ship speed in knots. Data at propeller speeds corresponding to whole-number values of estimated ship speed (11 knots, 12 knots, etc.) have been obtained by interpolation and are inserted for convenience in columns of the table most frequently used. In the case of certain ships, destroyers for example, the interpolated values are given separately in table IAA.

4. Columns (2)-(11).--The information given in table I for various values of R.P.M. is of three main types:

a. Columns (2)-(6).--The fuel rates and endurances provided in these columns are actual values found for the fundamental relation between propeller speed and service fuel rate. These values were determined accurately from large quantities of service data observed at displacements varying about the indicated mean service displacement. Throughout this study endurance is expressed on a time basis of hours and days and is distinguished from cruising radius in miles. The endurances as given are independent of external factors which affect speed through the water or over the ground.

b. Columns (9)-(11).--Cruising radii in engine miles and engine-mile fuel rates are given in column (10) and column (11) for mean service displacement. These radii and fuel rates are derived values, obtained by combining the fundamental fuel consumption data in columns (2)-(6) with the estimated R.P.M.-knot relation in column (9).

c. Columns (7) and (8).--Column (8) gives cruising radius in engine miles at an arbitrary mean displacement which is lighter than the mean service displacement. These radii are calculated values which correspond to the R.P.M.-knot relation estimated for the assumed lighter displacement and given in column (7).

5. Fuel rate and endurance.--The values of fuel rate and endurance given in columns (2)-(6) are representative of war service operations when the steady speeds maintained are constant within 0.5 knot. Greater variations in speed give higher fuel rates and lower endurances. The values as given cover all normal variations in fuel consumption related to such changeable conditions as fouling, weather, material maintenance, operational readiness of machinery, and proficiency of personnel. They do not cover abnormal conditions such as underwater damage, one or more engines out of commission, or excessive fouling of hull and propellers. If the ship is operating on less than the full number of engines with propellers removed from idle shafts and other conditions approximately normal, the relation between knots and fuel rate is not greatly changed; table I or its supplement§ may be used under these conditions with fair accuracy by referring to the ship speeds given instead of propeller speeds.

6. Ship speed and radius.--While fuel rates and endurances can be determined accurately by analysis of service data, the R.P.M.-knot relation for service conditions can only be estimated. The actual ship speed made for a fixed propeller speed varies considerably with wind, sea, condition of bottom, etc., and there is no practicable method now available by which to measure or evaluate this variation. Accordingly, it was necessary to estimate mean ship speeds for various propeller speeds from R.P.M.-knot relations at clean-bottom trial conditions. This was done by adjusting the trial or model basin data to include an


§ Table IA or IAA.

--2--

Sample table

CL 49

Table I.--WAR LOGISTICS DATA FOR STEADY STEAMING

DATA PERIOD: 1942-1943 BASED ON RADIUS OIL* Ships in Class:
CL 49
 

PROP. SPEED

(1)

FUEL RATE ENDURANCE SPEED RADIUS SPEED RADIUS FUEL RATE WORK COLUMN
MEAN NORMAL RANGE DAILY
Mean displacement 13,500 tons† Mean displacement 11,500 tons Mean displacement 13,500 tons †
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
R.P.M. Gal./hr. Gal./hr. Bbl./day Hours Days Knots Engine miles Knots Engine miles Gal./eng. mi.
100 634 519-764 362±26 898±15 37.4 10.4±0 1 10,140±270 10.3±0.1 9,250±250 61.6
11.0 9,080 62.7
110 714 584-861 408±29 797±14 33.2 11.4±.1 10,110±270 11.3±.1 9,010±240 63.2
12.0 8,800 64.7
120 804 658-969 459±33 708±13 29 5 12.4±.1 9,760±260 12.3±.1 8,710±240 65.4
13.0 8,460 67.3
130 906 741-1,092 518±37 628±12 26 2 13.4±.1 9,490±250 13.3±.1 8,350±230 68.1
14.0 8,090 70.3
140 1,020 835-1,229 583±42 558±12 23 2 14.5±.1 9,110±250 14.3±.1 7,980±230 71.3
15.0 7,690 74.0
160 1,149 940-1,385 657±47 495±11 20.6 15.5±.1 8,650±250 15.3±.1 7,570±220 75.1
16.0 7,290 78.1
160 1,294 1,059-1,560 739±53 440±10 18 3 16.5±.1 8,280±240 16.3±.1 7,170±220 79.4
17.0 6,880 82.8
170 1,457 1,192-1,756 833±60 391±10 16 3 17.5±.1 7,880±240 17.3±.1 6,760±220 84.2
18.0 6,470 88.0
180 1,641 1,343-1,978 938±68 347±9 14 5 18.5±.1 7,490±240 18.3±.1 6,350±210 89.7
19.0 6,010 94.8
190 1,848 1,512-2,227 1,056±76 308±9 12 8 19.4±.1 7,060±240 19.2±.1 5,910±210 96.2
20.0 5,590 101.7
200 2,082 1,704-2,509 1,190±86 273±8 11 4 20.4±.1 6,670±240 20.2±.1 5,510±210 103.1
21.0 5,170 110 2
210 2,344 1,918-2,825 1,339±97 243±8 10.1 21.3±.1 6,260±240 21.1±.1 5,130±210 111.1
220 2,640 2,160-3,182 1,509±109 216±7 9 0 22.3±.2 5,820±240 22.0±.2 4,750±210 120 0
230 2,973 2,433-3,583 1,699±122 191±7 8 0 23.2±.2 5,430±240 22.9±.2 4,370±210 129 8
170 i 7 23.0 4,330 131 0
240 3,349 2,741- 4,036 1,914±138 7 1 24.1±.2 5,010±220 23.8±.2 4,050±210 140.7
24.0 3,990 143.0
250 3,771 3,086-4,545 2,155±155 151±6 6.3 25.1±.2 4,690±220 24.8±.2 3,740±190 152.0
25.0 3,680 154.5
260 4,247 3,475-5,118 2,427±175 134±6 5.6 26.2±.2 4,350±220 25.8±.2 3,460±190 164.6
26.0 3,410 167.4
270 4,783 3,914-5,764 2,733±197 119±6 5.0 27.2±.2 4,050±220 26.8±.2 3,190±190 178.5
27.0 3,140 175.4
280 5,387 4,408-6,492 3,078±222 106±5 4.4 28.2±.3 3,720±220 27.8±.3 2,950±180 193.8
28.0 2,870 199.3
290 6,067 4,965-7,312 3,467±250 94±5 3 9 29.0±.3 3,420±220 28.5±.3 2,680±180 212.9
29.0 2,520 225.6
300 6,833 5,592-8,235 3,905±281 83±5 3 5 29.8±3 3,100±190 29.3±.3 2,430±180 233.2
310 7,695 6,297-9,274 4,397±317 74±5 3 1 30.5±.3 2,810±190 30.0±.3 2,220±180 256.5
320 8,666 7,092-10,444 4,952±357 66±4 2 8 31.2±.3 2,500±190 30.7±.3 2,030±150 282.3
31.0 1,920 297.0
330 9,760 7,987-11,763 6,577±402 58±4 2.4 31.8±.3 2,260±150 31.3±.3 1,820±150 311.8
339 10,862 8,889-13,091 6,207±447 52±4 2.2 32.3±.3 2,070±150 ‡31.8±.3 1,650±150 341.6

* See table V. † Mean displacement during data period. ‡ Estimated speed at designed shaft horsepower (100,000 s.h.p.).

--3--

arbitrary increase in shaft horsepower of 12.5 percent, thus making some allowance for the mean effect of weather, fouling, etc. The tolerances on speed were similarly estimated. Since the determination of radius depends in part on this estimated R.P.M.-knot relation, values of radius are to this extent approximate. This is in contrast to the fundamental accuracy of the endurances used in determining the radii.

7. Displacement.--The radii in column (10), as well as all fuel rates and endurances in other columns of the table, were obtained at actual displacements which varied about the indicated mean service displacement. For operations in which displacement varies about a different mean displacement these values are not expected to hold. The purpose of columns (7) and (8) is to indicate the effect of displacement on speed and radius and to provide a means of estimating radius for a different mean displacement by simple linear interpolation. The mean displacement specified for these two columns was chosen arbitrarily and does not represent any actual operating condition.

8. Fuel capacity.--All endurances and radii in table I are based on the fuel capacity defined as radius oil in table V. For some ships, particularly destroyers, radius oil and maximum capacity (95%) are identical. Where they are not identical the supplementary table IA has been prepared to show endurance and radius based on maximum capacity (95%). Further remarks concerning the two fuel capacities will be found below in article 19.

9. Ship classes.--Table I gives data for a class of ships wherever such a grouping was possible on the basis of similarity of hull, propellers, and engineering plant. The purpose of this grouping was to supply planners with over-all information and to make it possible for individual ships to compare their own performance with the mean performance of their class. The values shown for a class are means of the mean values obtained for each ship of the class or for those ships used to represent the class. The fuel rates, endurances, and radii of any ship in a class are indicated with reasonable accuracy by the mean class values. More precise values can be found by taking into account the mean fuel rate of the individual ship. The information required to make these adjustments is provided in table VI; the method of adjustment is described below in articles 20 and 21.

The ships constituting each class are indicated on the chart and tables given for the class concerned. Since the grouping of ships by classes in the study of fuel consumption was made in accordance with machinery, hull and propeller similarities, as noted above, the classes designated are not identical with classifications in current use in the Fleet.

10. Tolerances.--Since the tolerances as supplied with mean values of fuel rate, endurance, etc., are an innovation in the study of the fuel consumption of naval vessels, the following explanation is given to illustrate their use and meaning. The tolerances do not represent variations in the means themselves; rather, they indicate the limits within which individual observed values may normally be expected to fall. In column (2), for example, a given hourly fuel rate is the arithmetic mean of individual service fuel rates at the indicated propeller speed. The normal range of variation among these individual rates is indicated by the upper and lower limits given in column (3). In tables for single ships, a "normal range" found in column (3) should contain about 90 percent of the individual fuel rates observed when the ship concerned operates under service conditions at the given propeller speed; about 5 percent of the observed rates will probably exceed the upper limit and about 5 percent will probably fall below the lower limit. In column (4) of tables for single ships the tolerances on daily fuel rates should include more than 99 percent of observed individual daily fuel consumptions. In tables for classes of ships, the tolerances on the hourly fuel rate will include about 90 percent of the individual hourly rates observed and the tolerances on daily fuel rate will include about 99 percent of the individual daily rates observed after the class data have been adjusted to the particular ship concerned. As previously noted, these adjustments are made by use of table VI.

Tolerances on fuel rate and endurance were derived directly from the statistical distribution of the service data. In determining the tolerances on daily fuel rate it was assumed that large hourly variations tend to cancel over extended periods of steady steaming. Tolerances on radius are a composite of endurance tolerances and the estimated tolerances on speed.

11. Interpolations.--Linear interpolations may be made in all columns of table I and its supplement§ to obtain data for speeds other than those shown. In addition, radius and ship speed may be adjusted to mean displacements other than the two for which data are given. The accuracy of linear interpolation is well within the accuracy of the tables. Data at propeller speeds corresponding to whole-number knots (11 knots, 12 knots, etc.) have been calculated and are included in the tables. Values of radius are adjusted to a desired mean displacement by interpolation between the values found in table I in columns (8) and (10). Ship speeds are similarly adjusted for displacement by interpolation between the speeds in columns (7) and (9); at low speeds, however, this adjustment tends to be negligible.


§ Table IA of IAA.

--4--

12. Other derivations.--In addition to interpolations at desired speeds and mean displacements, a variety of other calculations may be carried out to adjust the data in table I and its supplement§ for specific purposes. Several illustrations are given below. Tolerances as well as mean values may be adjusted; when a mean fuel rate, mean endurance, or mean radius is multiplied by some factor, the corresponding tolerance is multiplied by the square root of that factor.

a. Fuel consumption for several days of steaming.

Example:

Find the quantity of fuel consumed by CL 49 in 4 days of steady steaming at 200 R.P.M.

Solution.

Bbl./day × 4 days = 1190 × 4± 86√4 = 4760 ± 172 bbl.

b. Endurance and radius for a partial load of fuel.

Example:

Find the endurance and radius that CL 49 will have at 200 R.P.M. if she fuels to radius oil capacity and holds 25% of her fuel in reserve.

Solution.

Radius oil--25% reserve = 75%
Endurance (hours) = 0.75 × 273 ± 8 √0.75 = 205 ± 7 hours

Endurance (days) = 0.75 × 11.4 = 8.6 days
Radius= 0.75 × 5510 ± 210 √0.75 = 4130 ± 190 engine miles

c. Radius in navigational miles.

Example:

Find the radius of CL 49 in navigational miles at 200 R.P.M.

Solution:

Let S = actual ship speed at 200 R.P.M., as determined by navigational means.

Radius = S × Endurance (hours) = S × 273 navigational miles.


§Table IA or IAA.

 

DATA PERIOD: 1942-1943 CL 49
Table I.--WAR LOGISTICS DATA FOR STEADY STEAMING
BASED ON RADIUS OIL*
Excerpt: 150-250 R.P.M.
Ships in Class:
CL 49
 

PROP. SPEED

(1)

FUEL RATE ENDURANCE SPEED RADIUS SPEED RADIUS FUEL RATE WORK COLUMN
MEAN NORMAL RANGE DAILY
Mean displacement 13,500 tons† Mean displacement 11,500 tons Mean displacement 13,500 tons †
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
R.P.M. Gal./hr. Gal./hr. Bbl./day Hours Days Knots Engine miles Knots Engine miles Gal./eng. mi.
150 1,149 940-1,385 657±47 495±11 20.6 15.5±0.1 8,650±250 15.3±0 1 7,570±220 75.1
16.0 7,290 78.1
160 1,294 1,059-1,560 739±53 440±10 18.3 16.5±.1 8,280±240 16.3±.1 7,170±220 79.4
17.0 6,880 82.8
170 1,457 1,192-1,756 833±60 391±10 16.3 17.5±.1 7,880±240 17.3±.1 6,760±220 84.2
18.0 6,470 88.0
180 1,641 1,343-1,978 938±68 347±9 14.5 18.5±.1 7,490±240 18.3±.1 6,350±210 89.7
19.0 6,010 94.8
190 1,848 1,512-2,227 1,056±76 308±9 12.8 19.4±.1 7,060±240 19.2±.1 5,910±210 96.2
20.0 5,590 101.7
200 2,082 1,704-2,509 1,190±86 273±8 11.4 20.4±.1 6,670±240 20.2±.1 5,510±210 103.1
21.0 5,170 110.2
210 2,344 1,918-2,825 1,339±97 243±8 10.1 21.3±.1 6,260±240 21.1±.1 5,130±210 111.1
220 2,640 2,160-3,182 1,509±109 216±7 9.0 22.3±.2 5,820±240 22.0±.2 4,750±210 120.0
230 2,973 2,433-3,583 1,699±122 191±7 8.0 23.2±.2 5,430±240 22.9±.2 4,370±210 129.8
23.0 4,330 131.0
240 3,349 2,741-4,036 1,914±138 170±7 7.1 24.1±.2 5,010±220 23.8±.2 4,050±210 140.7
24.0 3,990 143.0
250 3,771 3,086-4,545 2,155±155 151±6 6.3 25.1±.2 4,690±220 24.8±.2 3,740±190 152.0
* See table V.   † Mean displacement during data period.

--5--

Tables IA and IAA. WAR LOGISTICS DATA FOR STEADY STEAMING (Supplements to Table I)

13. It will be noted by reference to table V that two fuel capacities are given for each ship or class: (1) Radius oil, which is an optimum capacity based on damage control considerations, and (2) maximum capacity (95%). For some ships the two capacities are identical. For others, the radius oil is less than the maximum capacity (95%). In table I endurance and radius are based on radius oil. Tables IA and IAA (samples on facing page) provide simplified steady steaming data and are supplementary to table I; values for endurance and radius in tables IA and IAA are based on maximum capacity (95%). Only one or the other of the supplementary tables is given for each ship or class.

14. Table IA.--In the case of ships whose maximum capacity (95%) is materially greater than the designated radius oil, table I is supplemented by table IA. The supplementary table contains values of endurance and radius based on maximum capacity (95%) to show what can be done if all available fuel tanks are filled. These values together with corresponding fuel rates are given for estimated ship speeds in whole-number knots. The increased endurances and radii shown in table IA are obtained at the expense of reserve buoyancy and resistance to underwater damage.

15. Table IAA.--For those ships whose radius oil and maximum capacity (95%) are identical (destroyers, for example) table I is supplemented by table IAA. The latter table contains values of endurance, radius, and fuel rate found by interpolation for ship speeds in whole-number knots.

Table II. WAR LOGISTICS DATA: UNDERWAY AVERAGES

16. Table II shows the average propeller speed for all underway operations and the resulting average fuel consumption of the ships concerned (sample on facing page). These values include both steady steaming data and data recorded when propeller speeds were changing. The calculation of endurance was based on radius oil capacity, given in table V. When basic fleet speeds correspond roughly to the indicated average propeller speed, table II may be used as the basis of preliminary long range estimates of fuel requirements. By totaling such estimates for ships in an area the number of tankers or other fuel storage units required in that area can be determined.

Table I and table II are based on the same data period. If the over-all average fuel rate in table II is compared with the corresponding steady steaming fuel rate, found from table I by interpolation at the over-all average propeller speed, it will be noted that the over-all rate is higher. This is to be expected since fuel rates tend to be higher when speed is changing than when speed is practically constant.

Table III. WAR LOGISTICS DATA: NOT UNDERWAY

17. The values given in table III (sample on facing page) are averages of all not-underway data reported with the underway data on which table 1 and table II are based. The calculation of endurance was based on radius oil capacity, given in table V. Not-underway fuel rates vary widely under war conditions, depending on the state of security of the anchorages, etc., but at all times are much greater than peacetime port rates.

Table IV. PROPELLER SPECIFICATIONS

18. The specifications given in table IV (sample on facing page) pertain to the propellers actually in use during the period for which the underway fuel consumption data in table I and table II were obtained. Since any material changes in propeller characteristics affect both fuel rates and R.P.M.-knot relations, the data given in tables I and II are accurate only if the propellers installed are those specified. Some use of tables I and II may be made, however, even if the propellers have been changed and differ from the specifications in table IV. In such cases, if the first column (average propeller speed) of tables I and II are deleted, the remaining data are sufficiently accurate for most logistics purposes. Under these circumstances the ship speed columns are to be used as a guide in place of the propeller speed columns.

When major propeller changes are made it is intended that new fuel consumption data will be collected and analyzed with subsequent revision of the charts and tables.

--6--

Sample tables

 

CL 49
Table IA.--WAR LOGISTICS DATA FOR STEADY STEAMING
BASED ON MAXIMUM CAPACITY (95%)*

[Note: Fueling beyond the radius oil capacity increases radius at the expense of resistance to underwater damage. This table is made available to the commander as a supplement to table I for use when increased radius and decreased resistance to underwater damage are factors in a decision.]

Speed Radius Endurance | Fuel rate
Mean displacement 13,500 tons
Knots Engine miles Days Bbl./day
11 10,190 38.7 394
13 9,880 34.4 444
13 9,500 30.5 500
14 9,080 27.1 564
15 8,630 24.0 635
16 8,180 21.3 714
17 7,720 19.0 805
18 7,260 16.8 906
19 6,750 14.8 1,030
20 6,280 13.1 1,163
21 5,800 11.5 1,322
22 5,330 10.1 1,509
23 4,860 8.9 1,723
24 4,480 7.7 1,962
25 4,130 7.0 2,209
26 3,830 6.2 2,488
27 3,520 5.5 2,802
28 3,220 4 8 3,189
29 2,830 4.0 3,741
30 2,490 3.5 4,397
31 2,160 2 9 5,264
* See table V.

 

DD 409 CLASS

Table IAA--WAR LOGISTICS DATA FOR STEADY STEAMING

BASED ON MAXIMUM CAPACITY (95%)*

Data For Integral Ship Speeds

Speed Radius Endurance Fuel rate
Mean displacement 2,350 tons
Knots Engine miles Days Bbl./day
12 5,640 19.7 167
13 5,480 17.6 186
14 5,260 15.6 208
15 5,010 13.9 234
16 4,770 12.4 263
17 4,490 11.0 296
18 4,220 9 8 334
19 3,940 8.7 377
20 3,660 7.6 428
21 3,380 6.7 486
22 3,110 5.9 553
23 2,850 5.2 633
24 2,560 4.5 732
25 2,260 3.8 869
26 2,000 3 2 1,022
27 1,760 2.7 1,206
28 1,550 2.3 1,405
29 1,390 2.0 1,636
30 1,240 1.8 1,903
31 1,100 1 5 2,184
32 1,010 1.3 2,468
33 920 1.2 2,820
34 860 1.0 3,151
* See table V.

 

CL 49

Table II.--WAR LOGISTICS DATA: UNDERWAY AVERAGES

Average speed Fuel rate Endurance*
R.P.M. Knots Bbl./day Days
162.9 16.6 852±229 15 9±1.5
* Based on radius oil; see table V.

 

CL 49

Table III.--WAR LOGISTICS DATA: NOT UNDERWAY

Fuel rate Endurance*
Gal./hr. Bbl./day Days
202 115 117.4
* Based on radius oil; see table V.

 

CL 49

Table IV.--PROPELLER SPECIFICATIONS

[Note: All underway data are based on the propellers specified below. In case of a propeller change see discussion of table IV in Introduction.]

Number of propellers Number of blades Diameter Pitch
2 inbound 3 11'95/8" 11'65/8"
2 outboard 3 11'95/8" 11'97/8"

--7--

Table V. FUEL CAPACITIES

19. Two fuel capacities are given in table V: (1) Radius oil and (2) maximum capacity (95%). The need for establishing the radius oil capacity arose from the fact that fueling certain ships to maximum capacity appreciably reduces reserve buoyancy and resistance to underwater damage. The radius oil capacity represents the best obtainable compromise between cruising radius and damage control requirements. Both radius oil and maximum capacity (95%) are given for each ship or class. Values for endurance and radius in tables I, II and III are based on radius oil. An additional table, table IA, is provided to show steady steaming endurance and radius based on maximum capacity (95%), if this capacity is materially greater than radius oil. It will be noted that for some ships, destroyers in particular, radius oil and maximum capacity (95%) are identical.

The fuel capacities in table V (samples in center column) are expressed in tons, barrels, and gallons. The conversion factors used to change tons to gallons and gallons to barrels are given at the bottom of the table. For uniformity the capacities have been based throughout on 95 percent of tank capacity. The actual amount of fuel which is available, however, depends on a large number of factors, among which are the following: Viscosity, expansion or contraction with change in temperature, shape of tanks, immediate ballasting or repumping after settling, piping arrangements, and the amount of fuel initially pumped into the tanks.

Table VI. STEADY STEAMING MEAN FUEL RATE RATIOS

20. Table VI has been prepared for the purpose of enabling any ship of a class to obtain an accurate picture of her own performance by adjustment of the data in table I and its supplement§ which show the mean performance of her class. The latter tables generally represent all ships which can be considered the same from the point of view of similarity of hull, engineering plant, etc.; they represent an individual ship if that ship is the only vessel of the class. It has been found, however, that ships in the same class may show marked differences in performance which cannot be completely explained, although differences in displacement and engineering practices account for some of them. Table VI (sample on facing page) shows these performance differences quantitatively by means of fuel rate ratios, which were determined accurately by analyzing service data and comparing the mean fuel rates of the individual ships with the mean fuel rates of the class. The example in article 21 shows how table VI is used to adjust table I to a particular ship.

Some ships are not included in the ratio table provided for their class because of lack of data for these ships when the table was prepared. The ships omitted will be included in later editions. In the interim they may derive their ratios by comparing their own data with the mean class data.

21. Use of table VI.

Example:

Determine the fuel rate, endurance and radius of the U.S.S. Russell (DD 414) at 260 R.P.M. and 2,400 tons mean displacement.

Solution:

By interpolation in table VI for the DD 409 Class, the mean fuel rate ratio of the U.S.S. Russell is found to be 95 percent (or 0.95) at 260 R.P.M. and 2,400 tons mean displacement. By


§ Table IA or IAA.

 

Sample tables

CL 49
Table V.--FUEL CAPACITIES

Capacity Gallons Barrels Tons
"Full load" fuel oil capacity§ 524,084 12,478 1,892
Diesel oil capacity (95%)    45, 216    1,077    144
Total: radius oil*. 569,300 13,555 2,036
Additional fuel oil required to fill all tanks to 95% (emergency)    69,804    1,662    252
Total: maximum capacity (95%)† 639,104 15,217 2,288

DD 409 CLASS
Table V.--FUEL CAPACITIES

Capacity Gallons Barrels Tons
"Full load"§ 125,481 2,988 453
Diesel oil capacity (95%)†    11,304    269    36
Total: radius oil*. 136,785 3,257 489
Additional fuel oil required to fill all tanks to 95% (emergency)    0    0    0
Total: maximum capacity (95%)*. 136,785 3,257 489

--8--

means of this ratio the data given in table I for 260 R.P.M. are adjusted as follows:

Column Adjusted Values for DD 414
(2) 0.95 × 1,869 = 1,776 gal./hr.
(3) 0.95 × 1,595 = 1,515 gal./hr.
0.95 × 2,171 = 2,062 gal./hr.
(4) 0.95 × (1,068±61) = 1,015±58 bbl./day.
(5) (73±4) ÷ 0.95 = 77±4 hours.
(6) 3.0 ÷ 0.95 = 3.2 days.
(10) (1,920±130) ÷ 0.95 = 2,020±140 eng. mi.
(11) 0.95 × 71.1 = 67.5 gal./eng. mi.

Sample table

DD 409 Class
Table VI.--STEADY STEAMING MEAN FUEL BATE RATIOS*

Ship Average displacement Fuel rate ratio--Ship: Class
100 R.P.M. 150 R.P.M. 200 R.P.M. 250 R.P.M. 300 R.P.M. 350 R.P.M.
Tons Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
U.S.S. Hughes DD 410 2,350 111.0 108.0 105.1 102.3 99.4 96.6
U.S.S. Anderson DD 411 2,350 96.4 98.5 100.7 102.8 104.9 107.1
U.S.S. Mustin DD 413 2,350 93.5 95.6 97.6 99.6 101.7 103.7
U.S.S. Russell DD 414 2,400 99.1 97.8 96.6 95.3 93.9 92.6

* Table VI is used to adjust the class data in tables I and IAA to individual ships. The ratios were obtained by dividing the steady steaming mean fuel rates of the indicated ships by the corresponding mean fuel rates given in column (2) of table I.

 

DATA PERIOD: 1942-1943 DD 409 CLASS

1,570-Ton Class
Table I.--WAR LOGISTICS DATA FOR STEADY STEAMING
BASED ON RADIUS OIL*
Excerpt: 160-356 R.P.M.

Ships in Class:
DD 410, 411, 413, 414
PROP. SPEED FUEL RATE ENDURANCE SPEED RADIUS SPEED RADIUS FUEL RATE WORK COLUMN
MEAN NORMAL RANGE DAILY
Mean displacement 2,350 tons† Mean displacement 1,950 tons Mean displacement 2,350 tons†
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
R.P.M. Gal./hr. Gal./hr. Bbl./day Hours Days Knots Engine miles Knots Engine miles Gal./eng. mi.
160 556 474-646 318±18 246±6 10.2 17.8±0.2 4,880±190 17.6±0.2 4,330±160 31.6
170 628 536-730 359±21 218±6 9.1 18.9±.2 4,590±170 12.6±.2 4,050±160 33.8
180 709 605-824 405±23 193±6 30 19.9±.2 4,280±170 19.6±.2 3,780±160 36.2
190 800 683-929 457±26 171±5 7.1 20.9±.2 3,890±170 20.5±.2 3,510±160 32.0
200 903 771-1,049 516±30 151±5 3.3 21.9±.2 3,610±160 21.5±.2 3,250±160 42.0
210 1,019 870-1,184 582±33 134±5 3.6 22.8±.2 3,370±160 22.4±.2 3,000±160 43.5
220 1,151 982-1,337 658±38 119±5 3.0 23.7±.3 3,100±160 23.3±.3 2,770±160 49.4
230 1,299 1,108-1,509 742±43 105±4 4.4 24.5±.3 2,820±160 24.1±.3 2,530±130 52.9
240 1,466 1,251-1,703 838±48 93±4 3.9 25.3±.3 2,580±150 24.8±.3 2,310±130 59.1
250 1,656 1,413-1,924 946±54 83±4 2.5 26.1±.3 2,350±150 25.5±.3 2,120±130 64.9
260 1,869 1,595-2,171 1,068±61 73±4 3.0 26.9±.3 2,180±150 26.3±.3 1,920±130 71.1
270 2,110 1,800-2,451 1,206±69 65±4 2.7 27.7±.3 1,970±150 27.0±.3 1,760±130 78.1
280 2,382 2,033-2,767 1,361±78 57±3 2.4 28.5±.4 1,820±150 27.8±.4 1,580±120 85.7
290 2,689 2,294-3,124 1,537±88 51±3 2.1 29.3±.4 1,670±130 28.6±.4 1,460±120 94.0
300 3,036 2,591-3,527 1,735±100 45±3 1.9 30.2±.4 1,510±130 29.4±.4 1,320±120 103.3
310 3,428 2,925-3,982 1,959±113 40±3 1.7 31.2±.5 1,400±130 30.2±.5 1,210±120 112.5
320 3,871 3,303-4,497 2,212±127 35±3 1.5 32.2±.5 1,290±130 31.1±.5 1,090±120 124.5
330 4,370 3,729-5,076 2,497±143 31±3 1.3 33.4±.6 1,170±130 32.1±.6 1,000±120 132.1
340 4,935 4,211-5,733 2,820±162 28±2 1.2 34.5±.6 1,070±130 33.0±.7 920±90 149.5
350 5,572 4,755-6,473 3,184±183 25±2 1.0 35.5±.6 990±90 34.1±.7 850±90 163.4
356 5,993 5,114-6,962 3,425±197 23±2 1.0 36.0±.6 940±90 ‡34.7±.7 800±90 172.7

* Same as maximum capacity (95%) for this class of vessels; see table V.
† Mean displacement during data period.
‡ Estimated speed at designed shaft horsepower (50,000 s.h.p.).

--9--

ENDURANCE AND RADIUS CHART FOR WAR STEADY STEAMING

22.The endurance and radius chart is a graphical representation of the war steady steaming data given in table I for mean service displacement. The chart was designed to give instantaneous solutions to practical problems involving days and engine miles steamed and quantity of fuel consumed at any given speed or combination of speeds. For example, for a given speed and fuel quantity the number of days or engine miles that can be steamed may be determined; or for a given speed the quantity of fuel used or quantity remaining after steaming for a given number of days or miles may be found. The chart shows also the maximum speed that can be maintained if the ship is to steam for a given number of days or miles on a given quantity of fuel.

23. Engine miles steamed.--Since a reserve of fuel is always allowed in planning operations, the chart was constructed to take this into account. Instead of showing miles steamed by one set of curves based on all fuel available, two sets of curves are given, one set based on fuel available for operations in excess of a reserve and the other set based on the reserve. The curves labeled in miles to the left of the heavy vertical "20 percent line" (see sample chart on facing page) show what can be done with fuel on board in excess of 20 percent of the full load or, in other words, what can be done if 20 percent of the full load is held in reserve for safety. These curves slope downward to the left. The curves labelled in miles to the right of the 20 percent line show what can be done with the 20 percent reserve and slope downward to the right. The number of miles that can be steamed on all fuel on board, including the reserve, is therefore the sum of two readings, one found to the left of the 20 percent line and the other found to the right of this line. For example, at point D on the sample chart the ship represented has on board 57.5 percent of her full fuel load. By inspection, she can steam 4,000 miles at 21.7 knots and still retain her 20 percent reserve. By expending the reserve she can steam an additional 2,200 miles at the same speed, or a total of 6,200 miles. On a full load of fuel she could have steamed 8,000 miles plus 2,200 miles, or a total of 10,200 miles at 21.7 knots. If values based on a different reserve such as 25 or 30 percent are desired, they may be obtained as illustrated below in article 25c.

24. Days steamed.--The curves for days of steaming slope downward to the right throughout the chart and may be used to solve problems involving the quantity of fuel remaining on board after the ship has steamed at a given speed for a given number of days or, vice versa, the number of days that can be steamed at that speed on a specific quantity of fuel. The horizontal distance between two adjacent curves shows the amount of fuel consumed in 1 day of steaming at the indicated speed. Since fuel consumption increases with increasing speed, this distance becomes greater toward the bottom of the chart. The number of days steamed can be counted either by counting spaces between curves at the desired speed or by referring to the numbers along the top of the chart, which are interpreted as follows: The number of a given curve corresponds to the number of days actually steamed provided the operation is begun on a full load of fuel; if the operation is begun on a partial load of fuel, the number of days steamed corresponds to the difference between the numbers of the two curves concerned. For example, the ship in the sample chart, if fully fueled, can steam for 42 days at 14 knots and have 20 percent of her fuel remaining. (See demonstration 1a.) If she commences steaming on only 50 percent of her full fuel load, she can steam at 14 knots for 42 minus 26 (or 16) days and have 20 percent of her fuel remaining. Values based on any desired reserve may be obtained directly from the chart without interpolation or adjustment. For example, if the ship in the sample chart maintains a 30 percent reserve, she can steam at 14 knots for 36.5 days starting with a full fuel load, and 36.5 minus 26 (or 10.5) days, starting with a 50 percent load of fuel.

25. Sample problems solved by the chart.

Note.-- In picking values from the chart a pair of dividers or a straight edge is helpful. Dividers are useful in measuring or marking off horizontal distances corresponding to fuel quantities or to the number of days or miles steamed. In place of dividers a marked slip of paper may be used or spaces between curves may be counted. A straight edge placed vertically on the chart connects fuel quantities with corresponding points on or between the curves.

a. If the ship in the sample chart took on a full load of fuel, steamed 10 days at 15 knots, 2 days at 23 knots, and then transferred a total of 150,000 gallons of fuel to two destroyers:

(1) At what speed could she steam to a point 4,000 miles away, arriving with 20 percent of her fuel remaining on board?

Solution: 21.7 knots (demonstration 3a).

(2) How long would she take to make the voyage?

Solution: 7.6 days (demonstration 3a).

(3) How many additional miles could she steam at 21.7 knots if she expended her last 20 percent of fuel?

Solution: 2,200 eng. mi. (demonstration 3b).

b. If the ship in the sample chart steamed 1,500 miles at 21.7 knots with 57.5 percent of her full fuel load initially on board, how much fuel would she require to refuel to capacity at the end of the operation?

Solution: Gallons
      Fuel capacity (radius oil) *1,757,000
      Fuel on board after operation *765,000
      Required to refuel to capacity †992,000

c. If the ship in the sample chart increased her reserve from 20 to 30 percent, how many miles could she steam at 22 knots on a full load of fuel?

Solution:

      Radius (20% reserve) = 8,000 eng. mi.*
      Radius on 10% of radius oil = 1,000 eng. mi.*

Method (1):

     Radius (30% reserve) = 8,000 -- 1,000 = 7,000 eng. mi.

Method (2):

     Radius (30% reserve) = 8,000 X 70%/80% = 7,000 eng. mi.


* By Inspection.
† By subtraction.

--10--

SAMPLE
ENDURANCE AND RADIUS CHART FOR WAR STEADY STEAMING

Endurance and Radius Chart for War Steady Steaming

--11--

[B L A N K]

--12--

APPENDIX A
CONVERSION FACTORS

[Prepared with the cooperation of the National Bureau of Standards]

A. PETROLEUM WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

To convert from-- To-- Multiply by*--
Fuel oil Diesel oil
Barrels (petroleum) Tons (long)     0.1516     0.1338
Gallons (U.S.) Pounds     8.087     7.134
Gallons (U.S.) Tons (long)     0.003610     0.003185
Pounds Gallons (U.S.)     0.1237     0.1402
Tons (long) Barrels (petroleum)     6.595     7.476
Tons (long) Gallons (US.) 277 314
* These conversion factors are all based on the entries in the last line (tons-gallons), which assume for fuel oil a specific gravity of 0.9708 at 60°/60° F., and for Diesel oil a specific gravity of 0.8566 at 60°/60° F.

B. CONSUMPTION RATES

To convert from-- To-- Multiply by--
Barrels (petroleum) per day Gallon (IT.8.) per hour *1.75
Gallon (U.S.) per hour Barrels (petroleum) per day   0.57143

* Exact.

C. WEIGHTS

To convert from-- To-- Multiply by--
Kilograms Pounds         2.20462
Pounds Kilograms         0.453592
Tons (long) Kilograms   1,013.047
Tons (long) Pounds *2,240
Tons (long) Tons (metric)         1.01605
Tons (metric) Tons (short)         1.12
Tons (metric) Kilograms *1,000
Tons (metric) Pounds   2,204.6223
Tons (metric) Tons (long)         0.98421
Tons (metric) Tons (short)         1.10231
Tons (short) Kilograms    907.185
Tons (short) Pounds *2,000
Tons (short) Tons (long)         0.892867
Tons (short) Tons (metric)         0.907185

*Exact.

D. MEASURES

To convert from-- To- Multiply by--
Barrels (petroleum) Cubic feet     5.61458
Barrels (petroleum) Gallons (U.S.)   *42
Barrels (petroleum) Liters  158.984
Cubic feet Barrels (petroleum)      0.17811
Cubic feet Gallons (Imperial)      6.2288
Cubic feet_____ Gallons (U.S.)      7.4805
Cubic feet Liters    28.316
Cubic inches Gallons (Imperial)      0.003605
Cubic inches Gallons (U.S.)      0.004329
Cubic inches Liters      0.01639
Cubic meters Gallons (Imperial)  219.97
Cubic meters Gallons (U.S.)  264.17
Cubic meters Liters  999.97
Gallons (Imperial) Cubic feet      0.16054
Gallons (Imperial) Cubic inches  277.42
Gallons (Imperial) Cubic meters      0.0045461
Gallons (Imperial) Gallons (U.S.)      1.20094
Gallons (Imperial) Liters      4.54609
Gallons (U.S.) Barrels (petroleum)      0.0238095
Gallons (U.S.) Cubic feet      0.133681
Gallons (U.S.) Cubic feet *231
Gallons (U.S.) Cubic meters      0.00378543
Gallons (U.S.) Gallons (Imperial)      0.83268
Gallons (U.S.) Liters      3.78533
Liters Barrels (petroleum)      0.00628995
Liters Cubic feet      0.035315
Liters Cubic inches    61.025
Liters Cubic meters      0.00100003
Liters Gallons (Imperial)      0.219975
Liters Gallons (U.S.)      0.264178

* Exact.

--13--

APPENDIX B
CHARACTERISTICS OF U.S. NAVAL TANKERS

VESSEL DEADWEIGHT
(Tons)
SPEED
(Knots)
FUEL CAPACITY* PUMPING CAPACITY (per pump)
FUEL OIL DIESEL OIL GASOLINE TOTAL FUEL OIL PUMPS-- MAIN CARGO FUEL OIL PUMPS-- STRIPPER DIESEL OIL PUMPS GASOLINE PUMPS
Bbl. Bbl. Bbl. Bbl. Number Gal./Min. Number Gal./Min. Number Gal./Min. Number Gal./Min.
AO 3 Cuyama 9,800 14.0 41,500 8,800 2,300 52,600 2 2,100 2 180 1 300
AO 4 Brazos 9,500 13.8 39,800 8,000 3,800 51,600 2 2,000 2 350 1 500
AO 11 Sapelo 12,600 10.5 61,840 9,300 6,685 77,825 2 2,000 2 420 2 200
AO 12 Ramapo 12,000 10.7 57,700 9,300 0 67,000 2 2,000 2 420 2 200
AO 13 Trinity 12,600 11.2 60,400 18,000 6,600 85,000 2 2,000 2 420 2 200
AO 15 Kaweah 10,200 11.0 45,450 8,570 8,929 62,949 2 960 2 450 2 450
AO 16 Laramie 10,200 11.2 47,300 8,570 9,929 65,799 2 960 2 450 2 450
AO 17 Mattole 10,200 11.0 57,000 520 0 57,520 2 960 2 450 2 450
AO 18 Rapidan 10,610 11 6 60,000 8,800 0 68,800 2 2,000 2 420 2 200
AO 19 Salinas 12,600 10.3 50,000 4,000 6,000 60,000 2 2,000 2 420 2 200
AO 20 Sepulga 10,610 11.8 65,000 0 0 65,000 2 2,000 2 420 2 200
AO 21 Tippecanoe 12,600 10.5 63,509 8,850 0 72,359 2 2,000 2 420 2 200
AO 22 Cimarron 18,250 19.0 87,246 9,968 19,600 116,814 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 24 Platte 18,250 18.0 68,054 16,175 19,000 103,229 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 25 Sabine 18,250 18 0 68,054 16,215 19,000 103,269 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 26 Salamonie 18,250 18.0 76,700 16,615 23,300 116,615 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 27 Kaskaskia 18,250 18 0 68,054 16,032 18,771 102,857 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 30 Chemung 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,600 114,900 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 32 Guadalupe 18,250 18.0 68,054 17,026 15,491 100,571 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 34 Chicopee 16,450 15 5 82,400 15,300 16,100 113,800 3 2,000 2 700 1 700 4 250
AO 35 Housatonic 16,450 15.5 68,000 15,000 18,900 101,900 3 2,000 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 36 Kennebec 15,510 16.5 70,000 16,050 16,700 102,750 3 2,000 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 37 Merrimack 15,510 16 5 72,000 16,050 16,700 104,750 3 2,000 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 38 Winooski 15,510 12 5 77,000 16,050 16,700 109,750 3 2,000 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 39 Kankakee 15,510 16.5 73,500 15,000 15,000 103,500 3 2,000 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 40 Lackawanna 15,510 16 5 80,000 8,000 14,000 102,000 3 2,000 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 41 Mattaponi 16,000 16 5 70,000 15,400 15,000 100,400 3 2,000 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 42 Monongahela 16,000 16.5 70,000 16,000 14,800 100,800 3 2,000 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 43 Tappahannock 16,000 16.5 70,000 16,000 14,800 100,800 3 2,000 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 44 Patuxent 16,000 16.5 70,000 16,000 14,800 100,800 3 2,000 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 46 Victoria 10,840 10.5 65,000 0 0 65,000 2 2,000
AO 47 Neches 16,000 16.5 74,000 15,467 14,270 103,737 3 2,000 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 48 Neosho 15,510 16.5 71,000 15,000 14,000 100,000 3 2,000 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 49 Suamico 16,000 14.5 75,000 16,000 15,000 106,000 3 2,000 1 400 1 700 4 250
AO 50 Tallulah 16,000 14.5 75,000 16,000 14,000 105,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 51 Ashtabula 18,250 18 0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 700 4 250
AO 52 Cacapon 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 53 Caliente 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,600 114,900 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 54 Chikaskia 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,600 114,900 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 55 Elokomin 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 56 Aucilla 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 57 Marias 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 58 Manatee 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 60 Nantahala 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 61 Severn 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 62 Taluga 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 63 Chipola 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 64 Tolovana 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 65 Pecos 16,000 14.5 79,000 15,800 13,700 108,500 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 66 Atascosa 18,450 16.0 83,200 16,300 12,500 112,000 2 2,800 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 67 Cache 16,560 14.5 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 68 Chiwawa 16,400 15.5 76,000 16,000 17,850 109,850 2 2,800 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 69 Enoree 16,400 15.5 76,000 16,000 17,850 109,850 2 2,800 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 70 Escalante 16,616 15.5 76,000 16,000 17,850 109,850 2 2,800 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 71 Neshanic 16,400 14.5 74,100 16,000 18,300 108,400 2 2,800 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 72 Niobrara 16,400 15.5 76,000 16,000 17,850 109,850 2 2,800 1 700 1 700 4 250
AO 73 Millicoma 16,560 14.5 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 74 Saranac 16,560 14 5 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 75 Saugatuck 16,560 14.5 87,300 14,300 13,500 115,100 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 76 Schuylkill 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 77 Cossatot 16,560 14.5 75,000 16,000 15,000 106,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 78 Chepachet 16,560 14.5 75,000 16,000 15,000 106,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 79 Cowanesque 16,560 14 5 75,000 16,000 16,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 80 Escambia 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 81 Kennebago 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 82 Cahaba 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 83 Mascoma 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 84 Ocklawaha 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 85 Pamanset 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 86 Ponaganset 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 87 Sebec 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 88 Tomahawk 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 93 Soubarissen† 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 94 Anacostia 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 95 Caney 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 96 Tamalpais 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 97 Allagash 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 98 Caloosahatchee 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 99 Canisteo 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 100 Chukawan 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 101 Cohocton 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 102 Concho 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 103 Conecuh 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 104 Contoocook 16,560 16.0 77,400 15,600 14,000 107,000 3 2,000 2 400 1 700 4 250
AO 105 Mispillion 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 106 Navasota 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 107 Passumpsic 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 108 Pawcatuck 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114 300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
AO 109 Waccamaw 18,250 18.0 79,800 16,500 18,000 114,300 3 2,000 2 1,400 1 1,400 4 250
* The fuel capacities shown are segregated as to products for which tanks were allocated in design. Capacities will vary when these tanks are utilized for other products. A rough conversion to total fuel capacity may be made by reducing Diesel capacity by 12 percent and gasoline capacity by 24 percent.

† Piping modified for water carriage.

--14/15--

[B L A N K]

--17--

Table of Contents
Next Part (Battleships)



Transcribed and formatted by Larry Jewell & Patrick Clancey,HyperWar Foundation