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Chapter XLII
IntelligenceIndex
Section 1. Issued in Secret Supplement. [Not located] Section 2. Issued in Secret Supplement. [Not located] Section 3. Issued in Secret Supplement. [Not located] Section 4. Issued in Secret Supplement. [Not located] Section 5. Issued in Secret Supplement. [Not located] Section 6. Issued in Secret Supplement. [Not located] Section 7. The Transport Scout Intelligence Officer. Section 8. The Transport Division Intelligence Officer Section 7. The Transport Scout Intelligence Officer
- Transport-Scout Intelligence Officers will be assigned to Transports as Ship Intelligence Officers. During periods of active operations they should be placed in charge of all Intelligence activities aboard the Transport and will be prepared to assist the Commanding Officer by furnishing any needed information and Intelligence data. They must, therefore, be thoroughly familiar with the entire Operation Plan and all available Intelligence data. They will maintain close liaison with the S2 or Bn2 Officer aboard their Transport and with the Transport Division Intelligence Officer as well as with the Group and Force Intelligence Officer. Such Officers will be available for scouting activities or preliminary reconnaissance if called upon for such by the Task Force Commander and for such duty will operate under the immediate supervision of the Transport Division Intelligence Officer.
- The duties of the Transport-Scout Intelligence Officers are divided into three phases, namely:
- DUTIES DURING THE PLANNING PHASE OF AN OPERATION:
- He will normally be available for assignment to the Intelligence Section of the Commander Amphibious Forces, U.S. Pacific Fleet or the Staff of a group Command, Amphibious Forces, U.S. Pacific fleet, assisting in the collection and preparation of Intelligence data for the operation. During this period he should become thoroughly familiar with all Intelligence data from every Intelligence source including Intelligence Centers, Photo Interpretation Units, Army Intelligence, Marine Intelligence, CinCPac, CinCPOA, ONI and
other agencies productive of pertinent information. All maps, charts, photographs and models are to be carefully studied. Particular emphasis is to be placed on the areas which are the objectives of the Force to which his Transport is assigned and a study should be made of:
- Characteristics and identification of enemy surface and air units likely to be encountered.
- Hydrographic data including detailed information on currents, surf, reefs, shoals, bottom, passages and anchorages.
- Harbor development and improvements.
- Daylight and Dark and Tide Tables.
- Weather, wind velocity and visibility.
- Enemy defenses including underwater obstacles, water and beach mines, barbed wire, tank traps, all other beach defenses, gun emplacements and coastal batteries on or near the beach.
- Condition of Beach and terrain immediately inland including gradient and types of beach.
- Oblique photographs of beach for purposes of obtaining panoramas for beachmarking.
- Charts of areas of immediate interest and adjacent areas.
- Aerial photographs and interpretations.
- Grid maps of areas showing enemy dispositions and defenses.
- Enemy airfields.
- He will become thoroughly familiar with the Operation Plan and especially that part which affects the transport to which he is attached. As his primary duty is to provide his Commanding Officer with information which will be of value in landing troops and cargo, he should be cognizant of the troops and cargo to be landed as well as the priorities and facilities for doing so.
- He is responsible for having aboard ship and in proper custody all necessary data and material. This includes all pertinent literature, annexes, photographs, maps and models as well as approach, offshore, target, lagoon and anchorage charts of the objective, alternative objectives and all possible staging areas. He is to ascertain in advance the manner in which this material is to be distributed to the Transport, and if this is made his responsibility, he is to provide it in adequate quantity in ample time. He shall advise the Transport Division Intelligence Officer as to the status of delivery of necessary Intelligence Material.
- The Transport Intelligence Officer shall confer or communicate with the Group Intelligence Officer and the Transport Division Intelligence Officer in advance of the operation for the specific purpose of ascertaining what "last minute" Intelligence publications, photos, reports, beach sketches and bulletins are contemplated for publication and dissemination by the higher echelons and he is to ascertain in advance the manner in which this most important material is to be furnished to him.
- He shall make necessary arrangements for the secure stowage and for the later distribution of this material to authorized naval and troop personnel on board as soon as security permits and in the case of last minute information just as soon as received and evaluated.
- If assigned to any scouting activities he must have a complete knowledge of the area to be scouted and a clear idea of the information to be obtained. He should ready himself to supervise the equipment of boats and the training of boat crews assigned to scouting missions. He will effectively brief those who will engage in reconnaissance activities and later coordinate the data obtained.
- The Transport-Scout Intelligence Officer will prepare himself to brief Boat Officers, Shore Party Officers and personnel, Beachmasters and their assistants, Coxswains, members of Underwater Demolition Teams, members of Reconnaissance parties and all other interested naval personnel of the ship to which he is attached and on any other ships to which he is directed to carry out such duties by his Transport Division or Group Intelligence Officer. During the "afloat phase" of the operation he is to consider this work as secondary in importance only to his primary duty as his Commanding Officer's Intelligence Officer. The details of such briefing are listed under B-3.
- He will supervise the instruction in plane and ship identification on board and will assist the recognition Officer in procuring instruction material including current pictures, models, slides and motion pictures. Emphasis should be placed on the types of craft, both allied and enemy, likely to be encountered in the operation.
- In the event that the transport is without a Recognition Officer then he will be assigned this duty.
- DUTIES AFLOAT, PRIOR TO THE OPERATION:
- He will continue his duties as the Intelligence Officer and will use his intimate knowledge of the Operation Plan and detailed Intelligence data to assist the Commanding Officer. All Intelligence data is to be made available to him and he will arrange for its proper dissemination.
- He will maintain close liaison with Landing Force Intelligence Officers, Reconnaissance Unit Officers, Underwater Demolition Teams and all other agencies concerned with possible enemy information so that all Intelligence functions may be coordinated.
- As soon as security permits and as directed by the Commanding Officer of the Transport and the Transport Division Intelligence Officer, he will disseminate all information and distribute all photographs, charts, maps, models and other Intelligence data to the interested personnel aboard ship. He will brief all Boat Officers, Coxswains, Shore Party Officers,
Beachmasters and their assistants, Underwater Demolition Teams, members of Reconnaissance Parties and all other interested naval personnel of the ship to which he is assigned or to any other ships to which he is directed by his Transport Division or Group Intelligence Officer. This briefing is to be complete and comprehensive and will include a careful study of all the material above referred to and all other Intelligence data pertaining to the areas which are the objectives of his Transport.
- He will consult and cooperate with the Landing Force Intelligence Officer and offer his services and the use of his material for the briefing of Landing Force Officers and men.
- All last minute information is to be fully disseminated, and, if such is received by despatch and time permits, the Transport-Scout Intelligence Officer will prepare overlays and beach sketches from such data for those who may benefit by the information. Such briefing will also include explanation of current directives and instructions to naval personnel on:
- Captured Documents and Materials and Regulations regarding the retention of Souvenirs. This duty is of great importance as valuable Intelligence information has been lost in the past because of the urge for souvenir collecting. The Transport-Scout Intelligence Officer will be furnished with a stamp bearing the legend "Examined and Passed in the Field by Joint Intelligence". Documents and material which are obviously without Intelligence value and which may be retained in accordance with current directives may be passed. All other material must be retained for further examination. IF IN DOUBT RETAIN CAPTURED DOCUMENTS OR MATERIAL. Generally all documents should be retained. Remember, "ALL CAPTURED MATERIAL AND DOCUMENTS ARE DEFINED BY ARMY AND NAVY REGULATIONS AS GOVERNMENT PROPERTY".
- Counter-Intelligence measures.
- Censorship.
- Security.
- Prisoners of War.
- As outlined in 4241(i), it will be his duty to supervise and/or instruct in plane and ship identification.
- DUTIES DURING THE OPERATION:
- He will be available for such reconnaissance as is directed by Task Force Commander and Transport Division Commanders. In general such reconnaissance will include determination of:
- Depths, tides, gradients, bars, reefs, shoals, obstacles and general hydrographic conditions offshore.
- Nature of the beach, local enemy defenses and mined areas.
- All information of naval interest thus obtained should be promptly reported to the Transport Division Intelligence Officer and other interested parties for relay to proper echelons.
Thereafter, and until he goes ashore, he shall be available to render whatever assistance he can to all craft and personnel engaged in piloting the landing waves to the beach.
- If he remains aboard ship he will continue his duties as the Intelligence Officer of the Transport. He will use his knowledge of the Operation Plan and cumulative Intelligence data to assist the Command Officer in every way possible. It is his duty to keep the Commanding Officer constantly informed on the enemy situation and capabilities.
- The Transport-Scout Intelligence Officer will go ashore when directed by the Task Force Commander and the Transport Division Intelligence Officer and after the Beachmaster has landed and assumed command, he will assist the Beachmaster in all naval Intelligence and naval Security matters on the Battalion Beach. He will also assist the Intelligence agencies ashore in making a complete reconnaissance of the beach and if directed he will accompany any landing force raiding parties with a view of obtaining any information or material of naval interest and will immediately disseminate this information to the proper echelons and units.
- During the landing stage of the Operation he will maintain close liaison with the S2 or Bn2 officers and the CinCPOA Intelligence Teams, so that all Intelligence functions on the beach may be coordinated.
- He will assist the Intelligence Teams in the evaluation of all captured documents and material and will help make detailed field studies of enemy installations and equipment including ordnance and aircraft material insofar as they are of naval interest. He will assist in taking such steps as are necessary to insure that all documents and material pertaining to the enemy are not retained as souvenirs but are immediately turned in to the proper Intelligence authorities for examination and handled in accordance with all current directives on this subject. He will assist the Commanding Officer of the Transport in the examination of personnel returning to the ship in the search for captured documents and material.
- When the Beachhead has been secured and as long as his ship remains in the Transport area he will render whatever assistance to the Beachmaster as is needed.
Section 8. Transport Division Intelligence Officers
- The Intelligence Officer assigned to the Staff of the Commander of a Transport division will normally remain afloat during the operation. He has general charge of all intelligence activities of the Transport Division and supervises and assists intelligence reconnaissance units. Operational duties of the Division Commander and his Staff sometimes preclude their devoting the necessary time to
a careful digest of all intelligence data and the Intelligence Officer is prepared to assist them by furnishing any needed information. He must be thoroughly familiar, therefore, prior to the operation with the entire operational plan and intelligence data regardless of the sources. Fundamentally he is the liaison officer between the Force and Group Commanders and the Transport Division Commanders in Intelligence matters, and also between the Transport Division Commanders and the personnel of that command. In these capacities he will maintain direct and constant liaison both with Force and Group Intelligence Officers and with the Transport Intelligence Officers in his Transport Division.
- The Intelligence Officer on the Staff of the Transport Group Commander will have general supervision of all intelligence activities of the Transport Group and within the several Transport Divisions of the Group.
- The duties of the Transport Division Intelligence Officer, as authorized in this directive, are to be his primary duties and he will not be assigned such other duties aboard ship as would normally interfere with the proper performance of his primary intelligence activities.
- DUTIES DURING THE PLANNING PHASE OF AN OPERATION:
- He will normally be assigned to the Intelligence Section of the Commander Amphibious Forces or to the Staff of a Group Commander, Amphibious Forces, assisting in the preparation of the Intelligence annex to the Operation Plan. During this period he should become thoroughly familiar with all intelligence data from every intelligence source including CinCPac, CinCPOA, Army Intelligence, Marine Intelligence and O.N.I. All maps, charts, photographs and models are to be carefully studied. Particular emphasis is to be placed on the area which is the objective of his Transport Division and a study made of:
- Characteristics and identification of enemy surface and air units likely to be encountered.
- Hydrographic data in the area selected including data on currents, surf, reefs, shoals, anchorages and passages.
- Weather, Wind Velocity, and Visibility.
- Daylight and Dark Tables, and Tide Tables.
- Enemy defenses including underwater obstacles, water and beach mines, barbed wire, tank traps, all other beach defenses, gun emplacements and coastal batteries on or near the beach.
- Condition of beach and terrain immediately inland including gradient and type of beach.
- Oblique photographs of beach for purposes of obtaining panoramas for beachmarking.
- Charts of area and adjacent areas.
- Aerial photographs and interpretations.
- Grid maps of area showing enemy defenses, and dispositions.
- Harbor development and improvements.
- Enemy airfields.
The Intelligence Officer must bear in mind as he makes his study of the foregoing items the importance to Transport Commanding Officers of the problems connected with loading and unloading.
- He will become thoroughly familiar with the Operations Plan and especially that part which affects the Group and Transport Division to which he is attached so that he can render maximum assistance to the Group, to his Transport Division Commander and to Transport Intelligence Officers during the operation.
- He will maintain liaison through proper channels with Intelligence Officers, including Army and Marine Officers. He will keep in close touch and, where possible will attend conferences called by Intelligence Officers of other echelons in order that he may be cognizant of the allocation of intelligence duties and the formulation of plans to coordinate intelligence activities so that duplication will be avoided. He will transmit such plans to all other Intelligence Officers concerned in his Transport Division so that prior to the operation each Intelligence Officer will have full knowledge of the duties and station of every other Intelligence Officer.
- He is responsible for having aboard and in proper custody on each Transport of his Transport Division all necessary intelligence data and material. This includes all pertinent literature, including approach, offshore, target and lagoon charts, annexes, photographs, maps, models and anchorage charts, of the objective, alternative objectives, and of all possible objectives.
- He will supervise the study and instruction of planes and ship identification in his Transport Division and will assist the Recognition Officer of each Transport in procuring sufficient material including current pictures, models, slides and motion pictures. Emphasis should be placed on the type of craft, both allied and enemy, likely to be encountered in the operation. In the event a Transport of his Transport Division is without a Recognition officer and no Intelligence Officer is aboard, then it will be his responsibility to assist the C.O. of the Transport in the appointment of a competent instructor from among the Ship's Company.
- Prior to departure he will set up a uniform filing system ready for immediate use. The following files should be maintained:
In addition all material necessary to maintain the functioning of Operational Intelligence should also be available and ready for immediate use. This necessarily includes the following files:
- A Journal -- which is a day book kept in chronological order. This may be utilized in the preparation of such periodic situation reports his Transport Division Commander may call upon him to prepare or assist in preparing.
- Work Sheets -- these files kept in alphabetical order such as enemy naval forces, enemy air forces, particular objectives, etc.
- A situation plot.
And finally, prior to departure, he will know everything possible concerning the ships in his Transport Division including types, cargo, capacity, nature and number of landing craft carried and the particular characteristic of such ships.
- DUTIES DURING THE OPERATION:
- He will normally remain afloat and continue his duties as the Intelligence Officer of the transport Division Commander. He will use his intimate knowledge of the Operations Plan and all detailed intelligence data to assist the Commander and his Staff in every way possible. During the Operation he is the "Enemy's Agent" aboard and it is his duty to keep his Commander constantly informed on the Enemy's situation and capabilities -- what the enemy can do and is doing.
- The Transport Division Intelligence Officer will have general supervision, insofar as they are the concern of the Commander of the Transport Division, of all matters pertaining to Censorship, Security, Captured Material and documents, and Prisoners of War and shall see that all doctrines concerning these subjects are carried out; he shall further ascertain that all current directives and regulations affecting Press Representatives and war Correspondents are followed.
- When the S2 or Bn2 officers come aboard and as long as they remain aboard, the Transport Division Intelligence Officer will maintain close liaison with them. He will seek their assistance in all of the work herein outlined and cooperate with them in every way so as to better coordinate the flow of all intelligence data.
- He will disseminate any new information or intelligence he receives both to the Group Intelligence Officer and to the other vessels of his Transport Division. Similarly any information received from these sources will be promptly disseminated.
- As soon as security permits and after conferring with his Transport Division Commander, he will disseminate information and distribute photographs, charts, maps, models and other intelligence
data to the interested personnel aboard his ships and boats. He will supervise explanations or instructions needed and will brief Transport Intelligence Officers, Boat Officers, Coxswains and other interested Naval Personnel on his ships. This briefing will include a carefully study of photographs, charts, maps, models, panorama of beaches and all other intelligence data pertaining to the area which is the objective of the Transport Division. Such briefing will also include instructions to Naval Personnel on:
- Counter-Intelligence measures.
- Instructions on the type of information to give in the event of capture by the enemy.
- Regulations governing the retention of souvenirs.
- Censorship.
- Security.
- Captured Documents and Material.
In the briefing of Transport Intelligence Officers attention should be called to the importance of obtaining Japanese secret and code material, charts showing positions of minefields and other documents or material of naval interest.
- From the time of embarkation he will maintain two situation plots. First, a plot of the general situation which will cover submarine contacts, sightings, bogies, together with the strength and disposition of friendly forces and the best available information on the strength and disposition of all enemy forces. Secondly a tactical plot of the situation pertaining to the operation and in particular the Beaches and area assigned as the objective of his Transport Division. In addition to the information he already possesses and has plotted, he will plot all new Hydrographic data regarding surfs, tides, currents, shoals and reefs; any new or more accurate information on enemy defenses such as underwater obstacles, mines, beach defenses, and gun emplacements; any changes in information regarding enemy dispositions; degrees of resistance on the beach; the conditions of the beaches and area directly beyond; and during the operation itself, plot all changes, movements and progress. That this may be expedited, dispatches, weather reports, new photographs, reports from aerial, submarines, scout or other reconnaissance, reports from boat wave commanders, beachmasters, combat troops, reports from any units with nearby objectives and any other information, regardless of sources, should be immediately available to the Transport Division Intelligence Officer.
- From the information thus gained he will make his evaluation and then plot the information so that at all times the Transport Division Commander will have an accurate and up-to-date picture of the situation at his objective. Any important change in the situation is to be invited to the attention of the Transport Division Commander at once. Similarly such
information will be passed to the Group Intelligence Officer and to the Transports and other vessels in the Transport Division.
- In effect this work is to be a running estimate of the situation an aid to the transport division Commander in presenting him at all times with an accurate and complete picture of the situation and the obstacles to be encountered.
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