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[SANET-MG] fat people caused by virus
A fat vaccine seems like a good way to deal with world hunger. Cutting
back overeating should lead to food surplus?
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290: R190-R194, 2006. First
published September 15, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00479.2005
APPETITE, OBESITY, DIGESTION, AND METABOLISM
Adipogenic potential of multiple human adenoviruses in vivo and in vitro
in animals
Leah D. Whigham,1 Barbara A. Israel,2 and Richard L. Atkinson1
Departments of 1Medicine and Nutritional Sciences and 2Pathobiological
Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
Submitted 7 July 2005 ; accepted in final form 30 August 2005
Human adenovirus-36 (Ad-36) increases adiposity in chickens, mice, and
nonhuman primates and is associated with human obesity. Ad-36
paradoxically reduces serum cholesterol and triglycerides in animal
models. Ad-36 increases adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride
accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro. This study evaluated whether
three other human adenoviruses increase adiposity in chickens and in
3T3-L1 cells in vitro. We inoculated chickens with human Ad-2, Ad-31,
Ad-37, or media at age 3 wk. Food intake and weights were recorded for
3.5 wk, and then chickens were killed and visceral fat, body
composition, serum lipids, and viral antibody status were determined.
Visceral fat and total body fat were significantly elevated (P < 0.001)
in the Ad-37 group compared with all other groups. Final body weights
were higher in chickens inoculated with Ad-37 compared with Ad-2, but
not significantly higher than in control or Ad-31 groups. Food intake
did not differ among groups. Serum cholesterol was elevated in Ad-37
chickens compared with control (P < 0.01) but was not affected by other
viruses. Triglycerides were reduced in Ad-37 chickens (P < 0.0001) but
were not affected by other viruses. In 3T3-L1 cells in vitro, Ad-31,
Ad-36, and Ad-37, but not Ad-2, increased adipocyte differentiation and
triglycerides accumulation. In summary, Ad-37 is another human
adenovirus that increases adiposity and reduces serum triglycerides in
an animal model. However, the response of serum cholesterol is opposite
that of Ad-36. Evaluation of other human adenoviruses to determine their
effects on adiposity and serum lipids is warranted, but in vitro assays
may not be definitive for this purpose.
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