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July 2003 E-zine
- To: undisclosed-recipients: ;
- Subject: July 2003 E-zine
- From: "Soil Foodweb, Inc." <info@soilfoodweb.com>
- Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2003 15:37:20 -0700
- Organization: Soil Foodweb Inc.
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July 2003 SFI E-Zine
Table of Contents
1. Feedback from the ICTC Seminar
2. Nutritional differences between organics and conventional
3. Upcoming SFI and SSI seminars
4. More Grower Experiences
5. More Compost Tea Brewing Manual Update
---------------------------------
I’m on-time with this one!
I leave for New Zealand and then Australia tomorrow, so I have to get this
out!
The ICTC Seminar a week ago was a huge success. Quite a few people wrote
into the compost_tea@yahoogroups.com
list serve about it, and I’ve put just a couple of their e-mails below.
Next month I’ll spend some time on soil considerations. Where are we in
the northern and southern hemispheres on the annual cycle, and what’s the
“calendar” of taking soil samples, applying sustainable inputs, and so forth
for a couple different systems.
Anyone have a favorite system they want to have me focus on?
ERI
1. Feedback on the International Compost Tea Council Seminar in July
Hello-
I, too, wish to thank the board of the ICTC for their hard work in setting
up this excellent conference. I attended the Fri. session and found
Elaine's presentation to be clear, entertaining, and very informative, as
always, and Hendrickus Shraven's slide presentation was also excellent,
as
it showed a wide range of examples of projects where AACT can be useful
in
restoring health to an ecosystem.
I thought it was great that we had the opportunity to see different types
of spray truck set-ups in action; in fact, I would have liked a little more
time to spend observing each of them, and asking questions. Even though
I
have my own sprayer, I am curious how others are doing it, and there's no
substitute for seeing it in person. I'd be interested in knowing what
different methods people are using to keep their tea aerated in their tanks
in their trucks. (I believe Giovanni had a compressor with a hose?) Do you
need to worry about too many bubbles, or too small or too large of bubbles?
I have a small truck with a 100-gal. tank, so I don't want anything very
large or expensive.
Thank you very much, Leon, for insisting we clean out my brewer before I
left. On my way back, my clutch master cylinder went out with no warning,
on a very busy road, in rush hour traffic. I wasn't even able to pull my
truck off to the side of the road, and had to wait for a tow truck to tow
my truck and trailer to a shop in Redmond. A dreadful ending to a wonderful
day! And I wasn't able to get my brewer home for a couple of days.
Finally, I want to thank Seaneen for the support and encouragement she has
given me the past several months, and for taking the time to answer my
numerous questions. Autumn
Hi folks,
I just got back from the first International Compost Tea Council education
session with Dr. Elaine and many of the ICTC board members and many of you
on this list. There were about 70 folks and from all over.... California,
Alaska, Oregon, Canada, Washington...a great bunch of people. It was great
to meet those of you who are on this list. What fun to be able to put a face
to a name. Kirk L, incidentally, has a beard. ):
It was terrific to see all the different brewers.... KIS, BOBs, Growing
Solution, Worm Gold. And there were several commercial spay trucks.
And, of course, Dr. Elaine and Hendrikus! Always terrific. We had two mornings
of lectures and q and a and in the afternoon, we looked at brewers, sprayers
and continued the discussions outside.
For those who are still suspicious about the ICTC, get over your fears.
THIS WAS A TERRIFIC EDUCATIONAL WEEKEND AND THE ICTC BOARD MEMBERS DID AN
OUTSTANDING JOB ORGANIZING AND RUNNING THE EVENT. They put a lot of time
and energy into it and it showed. There is no question that if you support
the idea of AACT, you should join and support the educational efforts of
the group. Do it now! http://www.intlctc.org/ It is a worthwhile
effort. All of us at the seminars learned a tremendous amount.
I sure hope the ICTC will l do it again, perhaps in other parts of the country.
IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN THE SESSIONS, THE ENTIRE EVENT WAS VIDEO TAPED AND
A CD OF IT WILL BE AVAILABLE SOON. AGAIN, CONTACT THE ICTC FOR MORE INFO....
Anyone else there care to comment?
Cheers,
Jeff
Folks, you really can believe Jeff's superlatives. It *was*
wonderful: very well organized, highly educational/informative, and
lots of fun. I'm happy to share my own experience of the Saturday
session as seen through the eyes of a home (strictly organic)
gardener and recent CT convert.
Jeff didn't mention his own contribution to the Saturday session (the
only one I attended) so please let me tell you that it was terrific.
Jeff has all the enthusiasm, energy and physical pyrotechnics of a
four-year old (that's a COMPLIMENT, Jeff!) as well as a non-stop
sense of humor.
His story of his own conversion from dedicated user of that familiar
Fertilizer-in-a-Green-and-Yellow-Box to sincere CT advocate segued
smooothly into a general, not-too-technical-for-us-beginners
description of what's going on in the soil food web. His basic
presentation of what's happening down there at the micro level really
helped me understand why we have to be feeding the little critters,
who in turn will feed the plants.
Dr. Elaine and Leon Hussey, president of ICTC, were on the sidelines
during his presentation, stepping in from time to clarify and expand,
then on we went with more of Jeff's enthusiastic presentation of 3-D
electron microscope views of paramecia, nematodes and all those other
tiny things we all grew up believing were flat.
Hendrikus Schraven showed us some incredible pictures of
remediation work his landscaping company has done, successfully
creating luxuriant gardens and lawns on a previously water-logged
site.
Dr. Elaine took us through the basic chemistry of how the components
of a compost pile are transformed via several microbiological
interventions into nutrients that can then be brewed, grown and
multiplied into a compost tea full of living bacteria, fungi,
beneficial nematodes and other tiny creatures. Her fascinating
presentation helped me understand how the nitrogen in a green leaf
tossed into the compost pile comes to be nitrogen accessible to the
growing tip of a new plant's rootlet.
She took lots of time to explain the *how* and *why* of keeping a
compost tea aerobic in order to allow the beneficial bacteria to
out compete (and thus eliminate) whatever human pathogens might be
present in the original compost. This safety issue is, of course,
central to helping gardeners, farmers and The Powers That Be
understand how _properly brewed_ CT is absolutely safe for human food
crops, as well as incredibly beneficial to crops.
After lunch we moved to an outdoor area where several CT brewers had
been set up by their manufacturers. We were able to meet the various
brewers and watch them in action, ask questions of their designers,
sniff compost, peer into microscopes and learn from the many
informative conversations going on among the attendees.
Finally Elaine wrapped the session up with a discussion of the carbon
: nitrogen requirements of various types of plants, spraying
schedules for various crops, and a general Q & A for those of us who
were not already experiencing brain cramps.
It was a wonderful day. My enthusiastic thanks to ICTC for all the
hard work that went in to organizing it, and for making it available
to a wide audience. No CT user should miss the opportunity to attend
a similar ICTC educational event when one presents itself within
driving distance.
Irene, outside Eatonville, WA where the CT'd zucchini leaves doubled
in size while I was attending the ICTC training session...
Both Jeff and Irene covered what the ICTC session was all about very well.
But if I may add, I attended the all day session on Saturday and left with
the words: Exciting, Fascinating, Awesome, Inspiring, … and other such words
running around in my head during my 2 hour drive back home. (Jeff, I even
stopped at the Ellensburg Safeway before getting home just to buy several
boxes of Baby Oatmeal. I wanted to make some of my own fungi cultures to
show off.
Jeff, I was ready to package you up along with your enthusiasm and inspiring
ability to express the science of all of this in layman terms and smuggle
you home with me. I need you here in Eastern Washington to explain to these
folks that there IS a difference between the chemical components of NPK and
soil biology as well as what years of chems is doing to our farmland. Your
enthusiasm was excellent and your humor appreciated. It was also great to
be able to put a face to all the emails.
Elaine, thank you too, so very much. Your scientific explanations were
set well toward the layman, but yet deep enough to inspire the science dabbler.
Learning from reading your emails is one thing, but listening to you speak
and having the ability to talk with you and ask questions face to face added
a whole different layer to the learning. You keep your audience enthused
and interested – it was great to have had the honor to attend.
Next time I’m roping my neighbors, and father, into coming -my pop being
my biggest critic when it comes to the soil science vs. chemical applications.
Jeff, I had always jokingly called my dad the ‘Father of MiracleGrow’ – now
I guess I need a new name for him since your explanation of the history of
the product… grin. But that’s okay; there are other chemicals over there
in his garden shed to work off of… grin.
Leon, and the other ICTC folks who worked hard to make this happen, thank
you very much for the hospitality and hard work in setting this up. The format
of the session could not have been better. Leon, you kept joking about it
being ‘seat of pants’, but if I were to go again, the format, in my opinion,
should not change one bit. Jeff gave the introduction in easy to understand
terms, Elaine interjected where more science was needed, and then she followed
Jeff with more in-depth science – which too, was easy to understand and relate
with. Each of you helped the other, it was great. The questions and comments
added in from the audience were also informative and helpful.
Hendrikus, thank you too for sharing your experiences and knowledge. The
work you are doing is awe-inspiring to all of us, I am sure.
Bob, it was great to finally meet you in person as well. A pleasure indeed!
I have always had a heart for science and now to be able to mix my two favorite
‘hobbies’, science and farming, only add to the experience! As a lot of you
have had to listen to me rant about my thoughts on how AACT could/should be
best promoted, cultivated and gained in the ol’ criticized world the ‘stuff’
– I think I was able to see, first hand, one of the best means of its promotion.
The next time this is offered, I’m not only coming myself, but bringing some
of the critics near me. I would encourage others to do the same. These folks
explain this better than I could have ever imagined!
Thank you ICTC, SoilFoodWeb, Brewers and each of the speakers! It was an
awesome day.
Mike Bosko
A huge THANK YOU to you as well Jeff! It was a wonderful weekend and a
fantastic event! Thank you again for all of your support. Thank you as well
to all of those who chose to support and participate last weekend. We could
not have done it without all of you!!!!
Elaine and Hendrikus a huge THANK YOU to the both for a terrific Friday
program. Great success and hope to do it again soon..... :)
Seaneen Hummel
Director of Compost Tea Spraying services - Creative Gardens, Inc.
Founder & VP, International Compost Tea Council www.intlctc.org
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Nutrional differences
Here is a link to a NY Times article on nutritional
differences between organics and conventional
It makes our old pal Alex Avery look pretty bad (he he)
check it out
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/16/dining/16WELL.html
David Conner
3. Upcoming SFI and SSI seminars
SFI has several workshops coming up, geared to consultants as well as small
producers.
To get details on our workshops and others that Elaine is doing around the
country, go to www.soilfoodweb.com .
Here is a list of the workshops schedule for 2003.
October 4 – 6 Soil Biology and Soil Chemistry
October 20 – 21 Hands-on Composting
October 21 – 22 Hands-on Compost Tea
The advisor’s training will be in November, but to be considered for the
advisor’s training, we have to have a consulting relationship with you. Not
only do you have to have the Soil Biology and Chemistry training behind you,
the Compost and/or Compost Tea training sessions, AND you have to be sending
in samples and ASKING QUESTIONS about them. We have to feel that you are
working with us at SFI, doing your best to get the information out to growers,
gardeners, kids, and the public in general, and getting your hands into the
soil and into understanding the critters, how they work.
So, those of you who want to do that training, please realize you have to
be pro-active about showing us you want to participate!
---------------------------------------------------------------------
3. MORE GROWER EXPERIENCES
I’ve been making compost tea for the fruit club with the Bob-O-Lator. I
asked the members how many gallons they want next week. I’ve received some
answers …
“Hi Judy...we'd like 10gal of tea on the 6th. I sprayed the currant bushes
with compost tea this spring and for the first time in 5plus years they weren't
defoliated by currant worms. Previously we had used Bt.”
“Hi Judi, I would like 40 Gallons of your magical brew. Denny”
“Would love some CT...enough to spray 3 tiny apple trees..each 3 ft tall
with one branch. Plus about 2 more gallons to dilute for maintenance of some
new buddlea hedge.”
“I need more compost tea. The leaves on my apple tree look waxed. I took
4 gallons before. Can I have 20? No, better make that 40 or 50.”
“I’d like 10 gallons this time. My hostas are 3 times their size.”
Our fruit club is growing. We’ve added five members this month because
of the compost tea. Members are picking up their tea in gallon jugs, 5-gallon
pails, and 55 gallon drums. It’s fun to see them outside of meetings as it
gives us more time to chat. Tea time has become a mini social event.
Judi
4. More Compost Tea Brewing Manual Update
Pages 32 to 38 of the CTBM.
We try to get all the compost tea makers to participate in the Compost Tea
Grant, but some don’t respond no matter what. Of course, I can’t communicate
with Growing Solutions (or employees, family or associates), as I’ve been
threatened that there will be legal action taken if I do. So I don’t.
Ed Neff of Soil Soup has told me in no uncertain terms that they test only
with BBC Labs. If so, where’s the data?
So, instead of working with the companies that make those machines, we work
with people who own their machines. So much for either Growing Solutions
or Soil Soup being interested in “unity” in the compost tea world.
If either Ed Neff or Mike Alms would like to start testing what their teas
actually contain, Soil Foodweb Inc would run their samples just as we run
samples for anyone else. I have never cut them off, or said they couldn’t
work with us. They are the ones that won’t maintain the community of people
working on common goals in the compost tea world.
Here’s the section from the tea manual ----
------------------------------------
Comparison of Different Commercial Brewers
The Sustainable Studies Institute Tea Grant, 2002
In the tea grant sponsored by the Sustainable Studies Institute, growers
made tea using the machines they bought, with nutrient starters sold by the
companies or prepared by the grower, using their own choice of composts.
Composts chosen for use were widely variable, temperature, water source, and
cleaning conditions were widely variable, and yet the teas produced were quite
similar. Of course, assessing total and active bacteria and total and active
fungi does not take into account species diversity per se, so the level of
resolution assessed means only one kind of variation was assessed. But good
tea machines resulted in good organism numbers, regardless of conditions,
while poor tea machines rarely produced decent organism numbers.
This is opposite claims by some tea machine makers that because compost,
water, food resources and so forth are so different from tea brew to tea brew
that the teas are so variable that consistent data cannot be obtained. Clearly,
tea contains reasonably the same bacterial and fungal biomass and same levels
of activity if decent compost and recipes are made. Only tea machine makers
trying to hide the fact that their machine cannot make a consistently decent
result would use arguments that testing is not possible because of variation
from tea brew to tea brew. .
In the following study, teas were made according to the manufacturer’s directions.
In some instances, the teas were made at SFI by SFI technicians (maintained
at 72 F, using de-gassed Corvallis city water), but in most cases, the teas
were made by growers, using the instructions received from the tea machine
manufacturer, and sent overnight mail to SFI Corvallis, or New York. Growers
were requested to make their composts from 50% thermal compost and 50% vermicompost.
The compost was mixed well before use, the amounts needed for each machine
measured, placed in the unit, with the same amount of molasses and soluble
kelp per volume of water added to each machine. Each machine was run for
the specified time.
One to three sub-samples of tea were removed from the machine, typically
via whatever method was available to move tea from the tea-making machine
into the spray tank of a sprayer. If there was no discharge pump, this is
noted. Samples were sent to the lab by overnight mail in plastic water containers
filled a third to a half full. Each sample was assessed for total and active
bacteria, total and active fungi, protozoa, and nematodes at SFI.
Results. The most notable finding is that despite widely different sources
of compost, and different machine designs, the resulting teas were reasonably
uniform with respect to achieving minimal levels of bacterial and fungal activity
and biomass. Some manufacturers have suggested that there is so much variation
from tea to tea that testing is meaningless, but generally what that means
is the tea maker is trying to disguise an inferior machine. If the machine
does not achieve the same minimum levels of organisms from tea brew to tea
brew when using similar compost, ingredients, and climate conditions, then
there is quite likely something wrong with the machine.
Growers need to recognize that brew-to-brew differences based on different
composts, different food additives, and different weather conditions are possible,
but if the compost has decent organism levels, similar food resources are
added, and temperatures are reasonably warm, the tea will always have organism
numbers above the minimum levels on the desired range of the SFI test.
Some machines routinely have much higher fungal or bacterial biomass than
others and there are machines that ALWAYS give higher then the minimal range
on the SFI test. This is excellent, and quite likely a true difference in
the ability of the machine to extract organisms from the compost.
In several instances we have documented that the reasons some machines cannot
extract organisms from the compost are:
1. Compost compacts in the basket, making water movement impossible through
the compost. Without water movement through the compost, organisms cannot
be extracted from the compost and organisms will be lacking in the tea.
2. When water cannot move through the compost, it is quite likely that
the compost will become anaerobic during the brew cycle. Visit trade shows
where the machines are running. Put your hand in the compost in a machine
to see if water is actively moving through the compost. But be careful –
some manufacturers have been known to use compost with a higher-than-normal
amount of chunky material to make it seems like the machine has good water
flow, when in fact, using non-woody compost, the material compacts. Check
in-use machines to determine flow-through in the compost.
3. Bio-film build-up occurs. Usually build-up within one brew cycle
is not a problem, except where water flow does not occur. Cleaning then
becomes an important factor. Some machines are difficult to clean, and when
considering different machines, consider cleaning ease.
The numbers of samples in each assessment below are given in the table.
Some growers sent in one tea, some sent in three, a few sent in more teas.
Results are listed by machine type and volume. In some cases, new machines
have come on the market, but the only testing has been with the manufacturer.
The tea grant will be repeated in 2003, and the results should be available
next year.
Note the differentiation into compost tea and bacterial tea. If only
bacteria grow well in the tea, and fungi, protozoa and nematodes do not appear
in at least minimal amounts in the tea, then the tea cannot be called a compost
tea.
Table 7. Tea Quality Assessed by the SSI Tea Grant Study. Growers sent
in compost teas from different machines, using their own or manufacturer
supplied compost, the manufacturer’s nutrient starting mix, or molasses and
kelp, in conditions in the field through the summer of 2002. Data from SFI
research is included as well. While some range of response is present, in
general the data by machine are not widely different. In general, when variability
is greater than the mean, the compost tea machine has trouble making consistent
tea.
Active Bacteria (µg/ml) Total Bacteria(µg/ml) Active Fungi(µg/ml)
Total Fungi(µg/ml)
Desired Ranges for suppressive teas* 10 - 150 150 - 300 2 – 10
2 -20
Compost Tea Brewers^ Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean
SD
Earth Tea Brewer500 gal (8 teas)500 gal (2001–1tea)100 gal (6 teas) 52735168
468ND118 1322467004518 3841ND1054 57.6232.24 38.5ND1.36 109308.46
57.0ND3.33
Simplici-Tea KIS5 gal (10 teas) 141 93 3730 2755 6.88 2.63
11.8 3.12
EarthWorks85 gal (9 teas) 326 219 10210 5084 1.70 1.52
2.62 3.45
Clarke 60 gal (12 teas)100 gal (3 teas) 70.352.4 66.622.9 25191306
2231363 1.883.55 1.131.49 3.627.63 2.260.83
Alaska Giant1 gal (3 teas)5 gal (2 teas) 35.852.4 22.853.3 52542528
40221312 1.030.34 0.570.46 5.792.47 4.431.07
Compara50 gal (200 L) (3 teas) 89.1 19.7 2115 715 2.79
1.37 5.72 1.73
Bacterial Tea Brewers^
SoilSoup30 gal (6 teas)aNylon Bag (3 teas) 40.2101 23.113.3 17691500
947210 0.031.23 0.031.26 0.253.01 0.191.88
Growing Solutions25 gal (4 teas)100 gal (12 teas)500 gal (12 teas)b Schraven
(1 tea) 34618460.670.4 54526834.7 415626444106209 424618615579
0.530.881.021.57 0.851.081.01 0.892.305.362.21 1.412.807.75
*Based on work comparing teas that are not suppressive with teas that are
suppressive
^Based on results that show that bacteria, fungi, protozoa and nematodes
in the compost are successfully and routinely extracted into the tea. On
rare instances bacterial tea can put enough bacteria on leaf surfaces to use
up food and prevent disease growth.
aNylon Bag - set of brews done at SFI using a nylon bag instead of the fabric
bag sold by SoilSoup.
bThe Schraven method of running the GSI System involves different foods,
changing the aerator in the basket and altering the basket arrangement when
used in the larger machines. Clearly, things can be done to improve this bacterial
tea machine so it COULD make decent compost tea.
A great deal of assessment goes into determining whether a tea machine in
fact can extract decent levels of bacteria, fungi, protozoa and nematodes
from the compost and grow the organisms in the tea during the 24 hour aerobic
brewing process. For example, Bruce Elliott who makes the Earth Tea Brewer
machines has worked with SFI since he started building tea makers in 1999.
He has invested a great deal of effort in determining the best recipe of foods
to grow fungi in his tea maker. In addition, EPM has just developed a 22
gal tea machine, and so far, is getting as good organism numbers in the tea
as their other tea brewers.
Simplici-Tea makes the KIS brewers, and has recently developed a 30
gal machine. This too is getting as good organisms in the tea as the 5 gal
machine.
EarthWorks make 35 and 85 gal machines and are working on a new formulation
of their nutrient mixes for this summer. On occasion, the foods added this
last summer resulted in too much oxygen use in the teas, especially as the
temperatures became warmer and warmer. During the summer, the amount of foods
added should decrease as the temperatures increase. Generally, food should
reduce by 2-fold for each 10 degree in temperature rise.
Contact Information for Compost Tea machines:
Alaska Giant, John Evans
10-to-100 gal. brewers, 4 gal and 1 gal Soil Stimulant brewer kits
P.O. Box 1072
Palmer, Alaska 99645
Tel: (907) 746-4781 FAX: (907)
746-4781
E-mail: alaskabounty@alaskagiant.com
Website: www.alaskagiant.com
Bob’s Bitti, Bob-O-Later, Bob Norsen
5-to-30 gal, and 30-to-300 gal machines (variable volumes)
6515 W Marginal Way
Seattle, Washington 98106
Tel: (206) 571-4671 FAX: (206) 767-2026
E-mail: bob@bnbrew.com
Charlie Clarke/James Sotillo Contact JAMSOT@aol.com
Compara Xtraktor, Gerben Schrouten
Air pump, tea diffuser, 50 gal., 250 gal., 500 gal.
Postbus 110, 2394 ZG HAZERSWOUDE Rd.
Netherlands 1221 JR
Tel: 31 71 34 19873
E-mail: office@compara.nl.com
Website: www.compara.nl/engels.shtml
Compost Solutions
1000 L machines
Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
Contact: Lee Beckett
E-mail: lbeckett@bigpond.com
Ecology Enterprises, Dennis Hronek
Brewer can extract up to 24,000 gallons of high microbe product per day.
Patent pending.
P.O. Box 546
Windsor, Colorado
Tel: (970) 686-0669 Tel: (509) 787-2900
E-mail: info@ecology-enterprise.com
Tel: (541) 948-2692
EcoVit Tea-riffic Brewers, Laura Sabourin
17, 100, 300 gal, custom-made
RR #1 St. Catharines
Ontario, Canada L2R 6P7
Tel: (905) 562-0151 FAX: (905) 562-0152
E-mail: EcoVit@ragdolls.net
Website: www.ecovit.ca
EPM Earth Tea Brewers. Bruce Elliott
All tea pump types, air stones and venture; 22, 100, 500 gal.
Sprayers, worm bins
P.O. Box 1295
Cottage Grove, Oregon 97425
Tel: (541) 767-2747 FAX: (541)
767-2744
E-mail: sales@fish-world.com
Website: www.composttea.com
Simplici-tea, Keep It Simple Brewers, Leon Hussey
Air pump tea maker, 5, 30 gal.
12323 180th Ave. NE
Redmond, Washington 98052
Tel: (425) 558-0990 FAX: (425)
558-3695
E-mail: kis@simplici-tea.com
Website: www. simplici-tea.com
The Compost Tea Company
Air pump tea maker, 200 L and larger sizes
982 Kaipaki Road, RD 3, Cambridge, New Zealand
+64 7 827 6682 FAX +64 7 827 3787
cherryle.prew@extra.co.nz
Website: www.compost-tea.co.nz
WormGold Extractors, George Hahn and Carole Eddington
Air pump tea maker, 100, 500 gal.
P.O. Box 95
Cardiff by the Sea, California 92007
Tel: (760) 942-6086 FAX: (619)
942-5356
E-mail: geohahn1@juno.com Website:
www.wormgold.com
In the cases where we have data, it is interesting to compare the tea data
with the compost from which the tea was made. If nematode, protozoa or fungal
biomass were low in the compost that often explains low biomass or numbers
in the tea. Remember, however, that bacteria may increase by 100 to 500 times
the original number during a brewing cycle, while fungi may only increase
by 5 to 10 times. Protozoa and nematodes DO NOT increase in numbers in a tea
cycle. Their life cycles are longer than the duration of a compost tea brew
cycle.
If the organisms are present in the compost, but not present, or low, in
the tea, then the reason for the lack of those organisms needs to be determined:
1. Were the organisms extracted? If neither active nor total fungi or
active or total bacteria are present, there’s a good indication that extraction
is the problem. Is the mesh on the basket, bag or compost container a problem?
Neither active nor total fungi can be a result.
2. Were they killed by too much pressure going through a pump? No organisms
at all present.
3. Did something in the tea kill them? Minimal amounts of total bacteria
and total fungi (extraction occurred), but no active biomass.
4. Did they lack food? Did they lack a surface to grow on? No active
fungi, minimal layers of total fungi.
5. Did the tea drop into limited oxygen or anaerobic conditions? Low
active and low total fungi, but what is seen is covered with bacteria that
do not stain with the activity stain.
----------------------------
More next month! - ERI