------------------------------------------------------------ Lawrence F. London, Jr. - london@sunSITE.unc.edu http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/The_Sustainable_Farmstead.html http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/permaculture.html http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/permaculture.faq http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/sunSITE-PC-mailarchive http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/PCINet.html ------------------------------------------------------------ - The_Sustainable_Farmstead.html will provide access to the files (they are in the sustainable agriculture gopher and ftp archives) or you may ftp or gopher to them directly. Use your web browser and surf to: gopher://sunsite.unc.edu/11/.pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/ aquaculture-bioremediation-hyperaccumulators/ or - ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/ aquaculture-bioremediation-hyperaccumulators/ - here is the list of files and directories in the archive: = total 1359 drwxr-xr-x 8 london 3072 Sep 12 21:59 . drwxr-xr-x 70 london 2560 Sep 18 22:33 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1082 Mar 14 1994 CGER.Living-Machines -rw-r--r-- 1 london 3437 Sep 12 21:59 Geobotany+Biogeochemistry.In.Mineral.Exploration -rw-r--r-- 1 london 2122 Feb 24 1994 Green.Center.New-Alchemists -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1007 Oct 5 1994 John-Todd.OAI.address drwxr-xr-x 6 london 512 Mar 6 1994 NEW -rw-r--r-- 1 london 5802 Feb 23 1994 Ocean.Arks.International -rw-r--r-- 1 london 5117 Apr 18 1994 PT-Lumber.faq1.gen-info -rw-r--r-- 1 london 3861 Apr 18 1994 PT-Lumber.faq2.CIS -rw-r--r-- 1 london 70579 Apr 18 1994 PT-Lumber.faq3.more-gen-info -rw-r--r-- 1 london 79557 Apr 18 1994 PT-Lumber.hazards.faq -rw-r--r-- 1 london 66109 Jan 26 1994 PT-lumber.hazards drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Feb 3 1995 RFI -rw-r--r-- 1 london 2944 Apr 11 22:45 RFI-arsenic-in-natural-environment -rw-r--r-- 1 london 853 Mar 24 1995 RFI.energy-from-algae-biomass -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1645 Feb 24 1995 Solar.Aquatics-Living.Machines.info -rw-r--r-- 1 london 689 Aug 25 21:27 The.Ark -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1844 Sep 9 1993 air-cleaning.plants.moreinf.1-95 -rw-r--r-- 1 london 596 Jul 27 1993 air.cleaning.plants.1-95 -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1723 Dec 8 1994 algae-cultivation-and-nutrient-removal -rw-r--r-- 1 london 330656 Feb 25 1994 all7.all -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 741 Feb 24 1994 aquaculture.listserver -rw-r--r-- 1 london 926 Mar 2 1994 aquaculture.phillipines.ICLARM -rw-r--r-- 1 london 9186 Nov 10 1994 artificial-wetlands -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1673 Nov 14 1994 artificial-wetlands-bioremediation.www-server -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 1874 Feb 17 1993 bioremed-1.1-95 -rw-r--r-- 1 london 794 Apr 18 1994 bioremed-list -rw-r--r-- 1 london 3199 Jan 18 1994 bioremed.ref -rw-r--r-- 1 london 592 Jan 19 1994 bioremediation -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1645 Feb 22 1995 bioremediation-of-motor-oil -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 2837 Feb 17 1993 bioremediation.todd -rw-r--r-- 1 london 2222 Jan 4 1995 cobalt-copper.hyperaccumulation -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1609 Jan 23 1994 duckweed.ref -rw-r--r-- 1 london 7840 Mar 3 1994 feedback -rw-r--r-- 1 london 944 Jul 27 1994 filelist -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1019 Dec 10 1994 ground-water-remediation -rw-r--r-- 1 london 2181 Oct 23 1994 home-aquaculture -rw-r--r-- 1 london 2982 Sep 3 1993 hyper.accumulators.001 -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 28440 Mar 17 1993 hyperacc -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 28318 Dec 19 1992 hyperacc.doc -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 26899 Feb 14 1993 hyperacc1.doc -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 1419 Dec 18 1992 hyperacc2.doc -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 30497 Feb 14 1993 hyperaccumulators-bioremediation -rw-r--r-- 1 london 5552 Mar 10 1994 hyperaccumulators.1-95 -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 68112 Apr 4 1993 hyperaccumulators.news-thread -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 13177 Mar 6 1994 journals-articles drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Jan 15 1995 lead -rw-r--r-- 1 london 8755 Dec 31 1994 lead-bioremediation -rw-r--r-- 1 london 684 Sep 5 23:12 lead-bioremediation.with.sour.paspalum.grass -rw-r--r-- 1 london 3968 Mar 14 1994 lead-in-soil -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1043 Apr 4 09:40 lettuce+heavy-metals drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Sep 12 21:57 literature -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1323 Feb 24 1995 metal-uptake-in-plants drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Jul 25 00:16 net-resources -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 5802 Feb 25 1994 new-alchemy-institute.update -rw-r--r-- 1 london 2597 Aug 12 23:52 nickel-hyperaccumulators -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1696 Jan 28 1995 oil-eating-bacteria -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1786 Feb 23 1995 pH+metal-uptake-by-plants -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1654 Sep 8 01:15 petroleum.contamination -rw-r--r-- 1 london 3255 Jan 28 1995 plant-based.air.pollution.control -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1758 May 19 1993 plant-based.pollution.control -rw-r--r-- 1 london 8783 Jan 19 1994 plant-based.wastewater.treatment -rw-r--r-- 1 london 4793 Jan 5 1995 plant-bioremediation -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1035 Jan 5 1995 plant.bioremediation.conference.4-19-95 -rw-r--r-- 1 london 3922 May 19 1993 plant.pollution-fighters -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 380014 Apr 10 1994 plants.001 -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1151 Mar 17 1993 plants2treat.wastewater -rw-r--r-- 1 london 11026 Nov 17 1994 reducing-toxics-in-sewage-sludge -rw-r--r-- 1 london 3046 Mar 27 1994 references.journal -rw-r--r-- 1 london 4814 Mar 3 1994 researchers -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1867 Sep 17 1994 saltmarsh-on-barge -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1632 Nov 21 1992 sewage-sludge.land-app -rw-r--r-- 1 london 3731 Jan 26 1994 soil-test.heavy-metals -rw-r--r-- 1 london 3731 Jan 26 1994 soil.lead-contamination -rw-r--r-- 1 london 4299 Apr 9 23:28 spiderplants -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1870 Apr 18 1994 sustainability-in-ecology.research-project -rwxr-xr-x 1 london 2057 Dec 19 1992 toxic.metal.list -rw-r--r-- 1 london 17228 Mar 25 10:57 trees+pollution -rw-r--r-- 1 london 793 Oct 12 1994 turf-care-pesticide-leaching -rw-r--r-- 1 london 5042 Nov 28 1994 water-hyacinth.heavy-metal-hyperaccumulation -rw-r--r-- 1 london 689 Oct 4 1994 water-purification.RFI drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Nov 14 1994 wetlands-bioremediation -rw-r--r-- 1 london 2022 Mar 26 12:16 wood-ashes-as-fertilizer -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1322 Nov 27 1994 wood-digesting-fungi NEW: total 8 drwxr-xr-x 6 london 512 Mar 6 1994 . drwxr-xr-x 8 london 3072 Sep 12 21:59 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Mar 6 1994 1 drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Mar 6 1994 2 drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Mar 6 1994 3 drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Mar 6 1994 4 NEW/1: total 5 drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Mar 6 1994 . drwxr-xr-x 6 london 512 Mar 6 1994 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1566 May 19 1993 biocontrol.new -rw-r--r-- 1 london 438 May 19 1993 bioremediation.firms NEW/2: total 20 drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Mar 6 1994 . drwxr-xr-x 6 london 512 Mar 6 1994 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1151 May 19 1993 hyper.accum.new -rw-r--r-- 1 london 9959 May 19 1993 hyperacc.new -rw-r--r-- 1 london 6090 May 19 1993 hyperacc.new.cis NEW/3: total 2 drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Mar 6 1994 . drwxr-xr-x 6 london 512 Mar 6 1994 .. NEW/4: total 2 drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Mar 6 1994 . drwxr-xr-x 6 london 512 Mar 6 1994 .. RFI: total 15 drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Feb 3 1995 . drwxr-xr-x 8 london 3072 Sep 12 21:59 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1078 Nov 18 1994 bioremediation -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1247 Nov 28 1994 composting-to-clean-contaminated-soils -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1144 Feb 3 1995 fungal-mediated.soil-bioremediation -rw-r--r-- 1 london 2178 Dec 8 1994 groundwater-remediation -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1805 Nov 10 1994 water-treatment lead: total 61 drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Jan 15 1995 . drwxr-xr-x 8 london 3072 Sep 12 21:59 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 london 49753 Jan 15 1995 lead-info-from-PenPages -rw-r--r-- 1 london 7872 Jan 14 1995 lead-info.PenPages-database literature: total 19 drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Sep 12 21:57 . drwxr-xr-x 8 london 3072 Sep 12 21:59 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 london 3437 Sep 12 21:57 Exploration.Geochemistry.plant-hyperaccumulators -rw-r--r-- 1 london 2677 Nov 28 1994 Handbook-of-Bioremediation -rw-r--r-- 1 london 2201 Sep 11 10:43 biogeochemical.prospecting -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1867 Nov 28 1994 books-newsletters-bbs -rw-r--r-- 1 london 2201 Sep 11 10:44 heavy-metal-tolerance-in-plants net-resources: total 6 drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Jul 25 00:16 . drwxr-xr-x 8 london 3072 Sep 12 21:59 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 london 1558 Jul 25 00:16 plant-picture.www-page wetlands-bioremediation: total 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 london 512 Nov 14 1994 . drwxr-xr-x 8 london 3072 Sep 12 21:59 .. = here is the contents of /literature: - -From curtiss@asdi.com Tue Sep 12 21:57:46 EDT 1995 Article: 494 of sci.bio.botany From: curtiss@asdi.com (Brian Curtiss) Newsgroups: bionet.plants,sci.bio.botany Subject: Re: Biogeology [Was: Plants and Pb] Date: Mon, 11 Sep 1995 22:20:26 -0700 Organization: Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc. In article , staplei@planet.mh.dpi.qld.gov.au (Ian B Staples) wrote: > "Gordon A. Fox" writes: > >hortus@ix.netcom.com (Joel Kroin ) wrote: > >>Many years ago some researchers found some plants which have an > >>affinity to absorb gold from soil over gold mine trailings. The process > >>was not economically feasible. I doubt if further work was done. > > >I don't know about anyone being foolish enough to try to make money this > >way, but I do know that (1) a lot of mineral exploration has been done > >based on plants w/ known tolerances for particular minerals, and that did > >pay off, at least some of the time, and (2) there's now a growing body of > >experience in which plants are used for remediating contaminated soils. > >There are obviously limitations and problems, but I don't think the idea > >is one that should be scoffed at. > > A couple of (rather old) references for those interested in this topic: > > BROOKS, R.R. (1968). Biogeochemical prospecting in New Zealand. > _NZ Sci. Review_ v.26(1): 9-12 > > ANTONOVICS, J., BRADSHAW, A.D., and TURNER, R.G. (1971). Heavy metal > tolerance in plants. _Advances in Ecological Research_ v.7: 1-85. > > The former refers, for example, to "... species such as _Viola calamina_, > which grow only over zinc deposits in Western and Central Europe." > several other references on this topic: Levinson, A.A. (1974) Introduction to Exploration Geochemistry. Applied Publishing Ltd., Wilmette, Illinois, U.S.A. --- this book has a section on the use of vegetation surveys (that is where veg. samples are analyzed for their chemical content). The idea is that some plants concentrate particular elements above what would be found in the soil. Also, a tree's root system "samples" to a greater depth than could be done by digging a soil pit. A book by Brooks that might be a bit easier to find than the article listed by the previous poster: Brooks, R.R. (1972) Geobotany and Biogeochemistry in Mineral Exploration. Harper and Row. Hope this helps. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Brian Curtiss curtiss@asdi.com /\ / \ Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc. / \ 4760 Walnut Street, Suite 105 /\/\/\/\/ \ Boulder, Colorado 80301 U.S.A. / \ 303-444-6522 FAX: 303-444-6825 /__________\ WWW --- http://www.asdi.com/asd ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -From rs6779@cehpx8.cen.uiuc.edu Mon Nov 28 22:57:23 EST 1994 Article: 26 of sci.bio.microbiology From: rs6779@cehpx8.cen.uiuc.edu (Bob Solak) Newsgroups: sci.bio.microbiology Subject: Handbook of Bioremediation Date: 21 Nov 1994 18:27:05 GMT Organization: UIUC Engineering Workstation Labs I talked to the geochemist that I got the Handbook from and he did not have any gues as to how to get a copy except to inquire from the publisher. Although the report is funded by the EPA it carries no report number and so I don't think that it can be obtained through whatever government publications process is in place for run-of-the-mill reports. I've included below all the information found on the inside of the title page. A university bookstore should be able to purchase the book directly from the publisher but I've been informed that this can get expensive. Stay tuned in the coming days for more information on how to get a copy. I'm planning to talk to some professors in the Department to see if they received a copy and if so, the sender may have indicated how to get more copies. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publications Data Handbook of bioremediation/ by Robert D. Norris ... [et al.] (Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory). p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56670-074-4 1. Soil remediation 2. Groundwater--Purification 3. In situ bioremediation I. Norris, Robert D. II. Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory TD878.H36 1993 628.5'2--dc20 93-21172 CIP much deleted ...information in this documentation has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under Contract NO. 68-C8-0058 ton Dynamic Corporation..... Direcct all inquiries (concerning copying permission) to CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, Florida 33431 Copyright 1994 by CRC Press, Inc. Lewis Publishers is an imprint of CRC Press No claim to U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 1-56670-074-4 Library of Congeress Card Number 93-21172 Printed in United States of America 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 I would hold off on trying to buy a copy until I talk to my professors and find out if there is a cheaper way. Bob Solak Environmental Engineering University of Illinois rs6779@coewl.cen.uiuc.edu -From staplei@planet.mh.dpi.qld.gov.au Mon Sep 11 10:43:45 EDT 1995 Newsgroups: bionet.plants,sci.bio.botany From: staplei@planet.mh.dpi.qld.gov.au (Ian B Staples) Subject: Biogeology [Was: Plants and Pb] Organization: Qld Department of Primary Industries Date: Sun, 10 Sep 1995 09:37:23 GMT "Gordon A. Fox" writes: >hortus@ix.netcom.com (Joel Kroin ) wrote: >>Many years ago some researchers found some plants which have an >>affinity to absorb gold from soil over gold mine trailings. The process >>was not economically feasible. I doubt if further work was done. >I don't know about anyone being foolish enough to try to make money this >way, but I do know that (1) a lot of mineral exploration has been done >based on plants w/ known tolerances for particular minerals, and that did >pay off, at least some of the time, and (2) there's now a growing body of >experience in which plants are used for remediating contaminated soils. >There are obviously limitations and problems, but I don't think the idea >is one that should be scoffed at. A couple of (rather old) references for those interested in this topic: BROOKS, R.R. (1968). Biogeochemical prospecting in New Zealand. _NZ Sci. Review_ v.26(1): 9-12 ANTONOVICS, J., BRADSHAW, A.D., and TURNER, R.G. (1971). Heavy metal tolerance in plants. _Advances in Ecological Research_ v.7: 1-85. The former refers, for example, to "... species such as _Viola calamina_, which grow only over zinc deposits in Western and Central Europe." Cheers, Ian S. -- Ian Staples E-mail : I.Staples@dpi.qld.gov.au c/- P.O. Box 1054 MAREEBA Phone : +61 (0)70 928 555 Home 924 847 Queensland Australia 4880 Fax : +61 (0)70 923 593 " " " -From seachild@earthlink.net Mon Nov 28 23:05:29 EST 1994 From: seachild@earthlink.net (Sean Chamberlin) Newsgroups: sci.bio.microbiology Subject: bioremediation Date: Wed, 23 Nov 1994 10:47:58 -0800 Organization: Ecobeach Greetings! Just found this group and was startled to see at least 4 messages on BIOREMEDIATION. From what I gather, there is not a specific newsgroup for this topic, but I wonder if there isn't sufficient interest to start one. At least this forum is a good place to start. Thanks, Bob, for the info on the Handbook of Bioremediation. You might also check out: "In situ bioremediation: When does it work?" by the National Research Council, 1993, National Academy Press. "Biotreatment of Industrial and Hazardous Waste" by Morris Leavin and Michael Gealt, McGraw-Hill, 1993. "Guide for Assessing and Remediating Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soils", American Petroleum Institute, API Publication 1629, 1993. You might also be interested to know that the EPA maintains a BBS dedicated to bioremediation, avaliable through ATTIC (Alternative Treatment Technology Information CLearinghouse: Dial 703-908-2138, 2400, N,8,1). They also publish a FREE monthly publication called "Bioremediation in the Field" which you may request over the phone. Finally, I have some references from Kimberly Ogden at the University of Arizonea, Department of Chemical Engineering, on RDX and TNT degradation. She does a variety of work on plasmid isolation as well. Keep me posted. Sean Chamberlin seachild@earthlink.net -From staplei@planet.mh.dpi.qld.gov.au Mon Sep 11 10:44:33 EDT 1995 Newsgroups: bionet.plants,sci.bio.botany From: staplei@planet.mh.dpi.qld.gov.au (Ian B Staples) Subject: Biogeology [Was: Plants and Pb] Organization: Qld Department of Primary Industries Date: Sun, 10 Sep 1995 09:37:23 GMT "Gordon A. Fox" writes: >hortus@ix.netcom.com (Joel Kroin ) wrote: >>Many years ago some researchers found some plants which have an >>affinity to absorb gold from soil over gold mine trailings. The process >>was not economically feasible. I doubt if further work was done. >I don't know about anyone being foolish enough to try to make money this >way, but I do know that (1) a lot of mineral exploration has been done >based on plants w/ known tolerances for particular minerals, and that did >pay off, at least some of the time, and (2) there's now a growing body of >experience in which plants are used for remediating contaminated soils. >There are obviously limitations and problems, but I don't think the idea >is one that should be scoffed at. A couple of (rather old) references for those interested in this topic: BROOKS, R.R. (1968). Biogeochemical prospecting in New Zealand. _NZ Sci. Review_ v.26(1): 9-12 ANTONOVICS, J., BRADSHAW, A.D., and TURNER, R.G. (1971). Heavy metal tolerance in plants. _Advances in Ecological Research_ v.7: 1-85. The former refers, for example, to "... species such as _Viola calamina_, which grow only over zinc deposits in Western and Central Europe." Cheers, Ian S. -- Ian Staples E-mail : I.Staples@dpi.qld.gov.au c/- P.O. Box 1054 MAREEBA Phone : +61 (0)70 928 555 Home 924 847 Queensland Australia 4880 Fax : +61 (0)70 923 593 " " " ================= or use the GUIDE below to access the archives. Let me know if you need any further help. Lawrence - ------------------------------------------------------------ Lawrence F. London, Jr. - london@sunSITE.unc.edu http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/The_Sustainable_Farmstead.html http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/permaculture.html http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/permaculture.faq http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/sunSITE-PC-mailarchive http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/PCINet.html ------------------------------------------------------------ - [some of the following information in GUIDE may be inaccurate; an updated version is in the works - you can access all my archives from my top WebPage: The_Sustainable_Farmstead.html] This document (GUIDE) is the August 6, 1995 update of: ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/GUIDE http://sunSITE.unc.edu/london/GUIDE For more information contact Lawrence London, london@sunSITE.unc.edu. ____________________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------------- Accessing FAQs and Selected Information Resources at sunSITE.unc.edu ____________________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------------- World Wide Web (lynx available via telnet for vt100 users) URL info: http://sunsite.unc.edu/london/Information_By_Topic.html http://sunsite.unc.edu/london/Rec.Gardens-FAQs.html http://sunsite.unc.edu/london/Herb_Archives.html gopher://sunsite.unc.edu/11/.pub/academic/agriculture/ sustainable_agriculture/ [add gardening/gardening-faqs/ to the path for the rec.gardens FAQs] gopher://sunsite.unc.edu/11/.pub/academic/agriculture/rural-skills/ gopher://sunsite.unc.edu/11/.pub/academic/environment/ alternative-energy/energy-resources/ gopher://sunsite.unc.edu/11/.pub/academic/medicine/alternative-healthcare/ gopher://sunsite.unc.edu/11/.pub/academic/environment/pesticide-education/ ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/ [add gardening/gardening-faqs/ to the path for the rec.gardens FAQs] ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/academic/agriculture/rural-skills/ ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/academic/medicine/alternative-healthcare/ [the herb archives are here] ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/academic/environment/alternative-energy/ energy-resources/ ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/academic/environment/pesticide-education/ Anonymous FTP: ftp sunSITE.unc.edu Login: anonymous Password: (enter your Internet e-mail ID) cd pub/academic cd agriculture/sustainable_agriculture cd gardening/gardening-faqs cd pub/academic/agriculture/rural-skills cd pub/academic/medicine/alternative-healthcare cd herbal-references or herbal-medicine or Herb-Research-Foundation cd pub/academic/environment/alternative-energy/energy-resources cd pub/academic/environment/pesticide-education WAIS (available via telnet, follow login instructions) Ftpmail (Send e-mail to ftpmail@sunsite.unc.edu for help file on ftpmail usage) Gopher: (gopher sunSITE.unc.edu) The Worlds of sunSITE Sustainable Agriculture Information gardening gardening-faqs links to: Rural Skills: etc. Alternative Energy Alternative Healthcare and herb information Pesticide Education - other Gopher sites with ag/gardening information The Worlds of SunSITE browse sunSITE archives academic agriculture sustainable_agriculture gardening gardening-faqs rural-skills The Worlds of sunSITE browse sunSITE archives academic environment alternative energy energy-resources pesticide-education The Worlds of sunSITE browse sunSITE archives academic medicine alternative healthcare herbal-references or herbal-medicine or Herb-Research-Foundation __________________ ------------------ About the Archives __________________ ------------------ Newsgroup, mailing-list, newsletter archives/documents/FAQs on sustainable agriculture, permaculture, IPM, landscaping, gardening, farming, rural skills, horticulture, metalworking, woodworking, weather, housebuilding, food, cooking, nutrition, ecology, environment, pesticide education, health-safety-welfare, beekeeping, food preservation, alternative: healthcare, energy, architecture, housing, communities and many other related topics. Partial list of topics ---------------------- historic food food preserving health-safety-welfare sourdough bread-yoghurt-kraut-fermented foods vegetarian cooking alternative architecture alternative/co-housing, sustainable/intentional communities - co-operatives alternative healthcare health and safety faqs sustainable agriculture gardening-farming-rural life gardening faqs landscaping-landscape architecture permaculture integrated pest management hydrology meteorology beekeeping hydroponics biological pest control mycology botany vermiculture wildlife hydroponics aquaponics bioremediation aquaculture guides to Internet agriculture/healthcare/environment/biology resources homeopathy ayurveda nutrition meditation FAQ archives [partial list - see all directories labeled /faqs for others] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- rec.gardens (/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/gardening/gardening-faqs) misc.rural (/agriculture/rural-skills/faqs) rec.food.sourdough (/agriculture/rural-skills/food/sourdough/faqs) rec.food.veg (/medicine/alternative-healthcare/faqs) rec.crafts.metalworking (/agriculture/rural-skills/metalworking/faqs) rec.woodworking (/agriculture/rural-skills/woodworking/faqs) alternative energy (/environment/alternative-energy/miscellaneous) sci.energy.hydrogen (/environment/alternative-energy/miscellaneous) alt.meditation (/medicine/alternative-healthcare/faqs) alt.co-ops (/environment/energy-resources/faqs alt.housing.nontrad (/environment/energy-resources/faqs alt.folklore.herbs (/medicine/alternative-healthcare/herbal-references/faqs) sci.life-extension (/medicine/alternative-healthcare/faqs) vegetarian (/medicine/alternative-healthcare/faqs) sci.agriculture.beekeeping (/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/wildlife/bees/faqs) rec.food.preserving (/agriculture/rural-skills/food/food-preserving/faqs) alt.backrubs (/medicine/alternative-healthcare/faqs) alt.med.allergy (/medicine/alternative-healthcare/faqs) alt.support.asthma (medicine/alternative-healthcare/faqs) Mail Archives: -------------- Mailing lists of interest: List name: sustag-public (sustainable agriculture) Server: almanac@ces.ncsu.edu Post articles to: sustag-public@ces.ncsu.edu List name: sanet-mg (Sustainable Agriculture Network mail group) Server: almanac@ces.ncsu.edu Post articles to: sanet-mg@ces.ncsu.edu List name: forage-mg (forage crops) Server: almanac@oes.orst.edu Post articles to: forage-mg@oes.orst.edu List name: forage-quality-mg (forage crop quality) Server: almanac@oes.orst.edu Post articles to: forage-quality-mg@oes.orst.edu List name: ipm-mg (integrated pest management) Server: almanac@ces.ncsu.edu Post articles to: ipm-mg@ces.ncsu.edu List name: permaculture-mg (permaculture) Server: almanac@ces.ncsu.edu Post articles to: permaculture-mg@ces.ncsu.edu List name: agmetnet (meteorology) Server: almanac@awis.auburn.edu Post articles to: agmetnet@awis.auburn.edu Also available from almanac@ces.ncsu.edu: renew-energy (Renewable Energy), renew-energy@ces.ncsu.edu nc-solar (North Carolina Solar Energy Resources), nc-solar@ces.ncsu.edu Additional mailing lists of interest: [/net-resources will contain more information on many of these lists] wetnet soils-l agmodels-l agric-l envst-l grasses bee-l dairy-l hydro-l devel-l indknow-l aqua-l maxlife marine-l gardens-l cohousing-l pot-mod-l trickle-l mgarden-l lakes-l sustag-l Newsletters (partial list): American Garden Newsletter ipmnet-news aanews aosa.news ben panups safefood-news susag-news vita-news altag-news apis attranews-digest cgiar-news csas-news food-safety-week handsnet-news leopold-center-news wsaa-news ....and many others Newsgroup archives: sci.agriculture sci.agriculture.beekeeping alt.sustainable.agriculture alt.agriculture.misc alt.agriculture.fruit rec.ponds sci.bio.entomology.lepidoptera alt.landscape.architecture rec.gardens misc.rural rec.food.preservation sci.bio sci.bio.ecology sci.geo.geology sci.geo.meteorology sci.geo.hydrology sci.aquaria rec.aquaria bionet plants bionet mycology bionet.biology.grasses bionet photosynthesis bionet cellbiology bionet general bionet.agroforestry bionet.n2-fixation bionet.biology.tropical alt.architecture.alternative alt.housing.nontrad sci.energy sci.energy.hydrogen alt.energy.renewable alt.solar.thermal sci.engr.lighting misc.health.alternative alt.aromatherapy sci.life-extension alt.health.ayurveda alt.folklore.gemstones alt.folklore.herbs alt.co-evolution alt.meditation alt.consciousness.mysticism rec.food.veg rec.food.veg.cooking sci.med.nutrition alt.food.fat-free alt.support.asthma alt.med.allergy ___________________________________ PERMACULTURE-MG mailing list USAGE: TO SUBSCRIBE, send e-mail to almanac@ces.ncsu.edu with the message: subscribe permaculture-mg TO UNSUBSCRIBE, send e-mail to almanac@ces.ncsu.edu with the message: unsubscribe permaculture-mg TO SEND A MESSAGE to everyone subscribed to the list, i.e. to submit your article to the mailing list, send e-mail to: permaculture-mg@ces.ncsu.edu TO RECEIVE MORE INFORMATION, on Almanac commands send e-mail to almanac@ces.ncsu.edu with the message: send guide The Almanac System Administrator for NCCES is: almanac-admin@ces.ncsu.edu From steved@calypso-2.oit.unc.eduTue Sep 5 13:42:15 1995 Date: Sun, 3 Sep 1995 14:55:01 -0500 (CDT) From: Steve Diver Subject: Permaculture FAQ PERMACULTURE FAQ Version 1.0 September 1995 * This Permaculture FAQ is divided into two parts: (1) introduction to permaculture, and (2) permaculture resources * This FAQ was drafted for the permaculture-mg list INTRODUCTION TO PERMACULTURE The word "permaculture" was coined in 1978 by two Australians, Bill Mollison and David Holmgren, and is a contraction of "permanent agriculture" or "permanent agriculture." Permaculture is about designing ecological human habitats and food production systems. It is an approach to land use which integrates human dwellings, microclimate, annual and perennial plants, animals, soils, and water management into stable, productive communities. ================================================================== Permaculture Defined: 1. From Michael Pilarksi (Friends of the Trees) in INTERNATIONAL GREEN FRONT REPORT (1988): Permaculture is: the design of land use systems that are sustainable and environmentally sound; the design of culturally appropriate systems which lead to social stability; a design system characterized by an integrated application of ecological principles in land use; an international movement for land use planning and design; an ethical system stressing positivism and cooperation. In the broadest sense, permaculture refers to land use systems which promote stability in society, utilize resources in a sustainable way and preserve wildlife habitat and the genetic diversity of wild and domestic plants and animals. It is a synthesis of ecology and geography, of observation and design. Permaculture involves ethics of earth care because the sustainable use of land cannot be separated from life-styles and philosophical issues. 2. From Lee Barnes (Katuah Journal and Permaculture Connections), Waynesville, North Carolina: Permaculture ("Perm"anent "agri"culture and "Perma"nent "culture") is a sustainable design system stressing the harmonious interrelationship of humans, plants, animals and the Earth. To paraphrase the founder of Permaculture, designer Bill Mollison: "Permaculture principles focus on thoughtful designs for small-scale intensive systems which are labor efficient and which use biological resources instead of fossil fuels. Designs stress ecological connections and closed energy and material loops. The core of permaculture is design and the working relationships and connections between all things. Each component in a system performs multiple functions, and each function is supported by many elements. Key to efficient design is observation and replication of natural ecosystems, where designers maximize diversity with polycultures, stress efficient energy planning for houses and settlement, using and accelerating natural plant succession, and increasing the highly productive "edge-zones" within the system." Permaculture designs have been successfully and widely implemented in third-world countries, but there is current need to expand these principles in temperate climates, and especially urban areas to create more enjoyable and sustainable human habitats. ================================================================= A central theme in permaculture is the design of ecological landscapes that produce food. Permaculture design concepts may be applied to single households or whole farms and villages. A major emphasis is placed on use of food-producing plants and in the integration of animals into the landscape. Permaculture is not limited to just plant and animal agriculture. It also includes community planning and development, use of appropriate technologies (coupled with an adjustment of life-style), and adoption of concepts and philosophies that are both earth-based and people-centered, such as bio-regionalism. Many of the appropriate technologies advocated by permaculturalists are well-known. Among these are solar and wind power, composting toilets, and solar food cooking and drying. Information on renewable technologies such as these is available from a number of other sources. Due to the inherent sustainability of perennial cropping systems, permaculture places emphasis on tree crops. Thus, alleycropping and agroforestry systems appear to hold promise as viable techniques for large-scale farming. Ecological methods of production for any specific crop or farming system are, of course, vital to permaculture and sustainable agriculture in general. Since permaculture is not a production system, per se, but rather a land use planning philosophy, it is not limited to a specific method of production. Furthermore, as permaculture principles may be adapted to farms or villages worldwide, it is site specific and therefore amenable to locally adapted techniques of production. As an example, standard organic farming and gardening techniques utilizing crop rotations, cover crops, green manures, composts, and mulches are emphasized in permacultural systems. Yet, the use of the Keyline chisel plow, rotational grazing, the Aerway implement in no-till farming, and a whole number of other techniques are adaptable to farms working within a permacultural framework. The decision as to which "system" to go with is site-specific and management dependent. Farming systems and methods often associated with permaculture include edible landscaping, Keyline, agroforestry, keyhold gardening, sheet mulching, chicken tractors, solar greenhouses, vermicomposting, spiral herb gardens, swales, and intercropping. Water collection and management systems like greywater, rain catchment, and Keyline play an important role in land use designs. Permaculture is not about prescription farming, it's about designing ecological landscapes that integrate farming and other human activities into ecosystems with productive results yet minimal disturbance. Permaculture advocates farm ecology, not pharmacology. Sources of Information The two basic sources of information on permaculture are permaculture design courses and the permaculture literature. Permaculture design courses are the primary vehicle for transfer of permaculture expertise. The standard course is 72-hours in length and lasts two weeks. Graduates are issued a permaculture design certificate and are entitled to use "Permaculture" in the pursuit of livelihood and for educational purposes. The permaculture literature is a rich source of information on a wide range of topics dealing with appropriate technology, water management, land use, housing, and plant and animal agriculture. PERMACULTURE RESOURCES THE PERMACULTURE INSTITUTE The Permaculture Institute in Tyalgum, Australia, serves as the coordinating organization for permaculture activities such as permaculture design accreditation. Contact: Permaculture Institute P.O. Box 1 Tyalgum, NSW 2484 Australia Phone: (066) 793 442 PERMACULTURE RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES: THE PERMACULTURE ACTIVIST Contact: Peter Bane Box 1209 Black Mountain, NC 28711 (704) 683-4946 Cost: $16.00, quarterly THE PERMACULTURE ACTIVIST is the leading periodical for North American permaculture. In addition to articles on permaculture, edible landscaping, bioregionalism, etc., it also lists permaculture design courses and serves as an important networking tool in the U.S., Canada, and Central America. THE INTERNATIONAL PERMACULTURE SOLUTIONS JOURNAL (TIPS) Yankee Permaculture/Elfin Permaculture, and Forest Ecosystem Rescue Network (FERN) Contact: Dan Hemenway P.O. Box 672 Dahlonega, GA 30533-0672 Cost: $27.50/four issues TIPS is published on a sporadic basis. A yearbook called THE INTERNATIONAL PERMACULTURE SPECIES YEARBOOK (TIPSY) was the format prior to TIPS. The TIPSY series is a goldmine of permaculture information and resources; most notable are several lists of plants and their uses. Back issues are still available. FERN publishes a permaculture newsletter called ROBIN, which is concerned mainly with forest issues. Yankee Permaculture also publishes THE RESOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL PERMACULTURE - TRIP. Volume 5 of TRIP, published in 1993, is a 68-page issue that contains 1,540 listings of groups working in permaculture, sustainable food systems, and tree-based agriculture. RESTORATION FORESTRY Friends of the Trees Contact: Michael Pilarski P. O. Box 4469 Bellingham, WA 98227 (206) 738-4972 Cost: $7.00 RESTORATION FORESTRY (1994) is a 525-page International Guide to Sustainable Forestry Practices. It is rich with ideas, practices, and resources. Other key publications from Friends of the Trees include the THE INTERNATIONAL GREEN FRONT REPORT (1988, $7.00), KIWIFRUIT ENTHUSIASTS JOURNAL (Vol. 6, $17.20) and THIRD WORLD RESOURCES (1993, $5.00). Friends of the Trees Society also publishes a newsletter. SUSTAINABLE LIVING IN DRYLANDS (SLID) Permaculture Drylands Institute Contact: Scott Pittman P.O. Box 27371 Tucson, AZ 85726 (602) 623-0054 Cost: $12.00, quarterly SLID is a newsletter/journal focusing on permaculture concepts and designs for arid lands. SLID has published articles on straw bale buildings, solar box cookers, and dryland farming. TEMPERATE BAMBOO QUARTERLY Earth Advocates 30 Myers Road Summertown, TN 38483 Cost: $24/year TEMPERATE BAMBOO QUARTERLY is a new publication from Earth Advocates, a permaculture team run by Sue and Adam Turtle. It focuses on the bamboo plant which has unique, important multi-purpose uses. PERMACULTURE RESOURCES IN AUSTALIA: INTERNATIONAL PERMACULTURE JOURNAL Permaculture International Ltd. P.O. Box 7185 Lismore Heights, NSW 2480 Australia Phone: (066) 220 020 Cost: U.S. $20.00/quarterly Note: subscribers in the U.S. can send their payment to THE PERMACULTURE ACTIVIST. The INTERNATIONAL PERMACULTURE JOURNAL serves as the leading periodical for permaculture worldwide. Each issue contains informative articles as well as news of permacultural events in Australia, the U.S., and other places around the world. It serves as an important networking tool. Back issues to the early 1980s are available. THE PERMACULTURE EDGE Permaculture Nambour, Inc. P.O. Box 650 Nambour, Queensland 4560 Australia Phone: (074) 943 955 Cost: U.S. $20.00, quarterly. Note: subscribers in the U.S. can send their payment to THE PERMACULTURE ACTIVIST. THE PERMACULTURE EDGE is a new quarterly publication from Australia. The "permaculture edge" refers to the "edge effect" that can be used to increase yields in designed systems. It also points to permaculture ideas as being "at the edge" of a change in the push toward a sustainable future. BASIC PERMACULTURE LITERATURE: THE BEST OF PERMACULTURE. By Max O. Lindegger and Robert Tap. 1986. Nascimanere Publishers, Nambour, Australia. 136 p. PERMACULTURE ONE: A PERENNIAL AGRICULTURE FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENTS, 3rd ed. By Bill C. Mollison and David Holmgren. 1987. (Reprint of 1978 ed.) Tagari Publishers, Tyalgum, New South Wales, Australia. 127 p. PERMACULTURE TWO: A PRACTICAL DESIGN FOR TOWN AND COUNTRY IN PERMANENT AGRICULTURE. By Bill C. Mollison. 1979. Tagari Press, Stanley, Australia. 150 p. PERMACULTURE: A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. By Bill C. Mollison. Island Press, Washington, D.C. 579 p. INTRODUCTION TO PERMACULTURE. 1991. By Bill C. Mollison and Reny Mia Slay. Tagari Publishers, Tyalgum, Australia. 198 p. THE PERMACULTURIST'S BOOKSHELF TREE CROPS: A PERMACNENT AGRICULTURE. By J. Russell Smith. 1987. 408 p. Costs about: $20.00 CORNUCOPIA: A SOURCE BOOK OF EDIBLE PLANTS. By Stephen Facciola. 1990. 678 p. Costs about: $35.00 DESIGNING & MAINTAINING YOUR EDIBLE LANDSCAPE NATURALLY. By Robert Kourick. 1986. 370 p. Costs about: $20.00 * Compiled by Steve Diver Send comments and updates to: steved@ncatfyv.uark.edu or permaculture-mg@ces.ncsu.edu ===============