John:
I have two possible leads for you.
FIRST
One is Ed Arens at UC Berkely, who has done both quantitative and emperical
modelling(wind tunnel) studies of outdoor environements, particulalry
dealing with the effects of winds.
See:
http://www.ced.berkeley.edu/iurd/pubs/iurdpubs.html
WP-627
$6.00
Urban Form and Climate: Case Study, Toronto.
Peter Bosselmann, Edward Arens, et al
12/01/94; 30 pages
This paper describes a joint urban design study by the Berkeley
Environmental Stimulation Laboratory at the University of California at
Berkeley and the Centre for Landscape Research at the University of
Toronto. The study analyzed the effect of future development in Toronto's
Central Area on street-level conditions of sun, wind, and thermal comfort.
It originated in response both to public concern about the quality of the
downtown environment and to implementation measures adopted by the Toronto
city council in May 1993. The research presented in this article examines
the shadowing produced by downtown buildings and recommends procedures and
standards for preserving sunlight on Toronto's downtown sidewalks and open
spaces. Second, this study considers the effects of buildings on wind
conditions at street level. Third, the study evaluates the combined effects
of sun and wind conditions on pedestrian comfort. Rather than focusing on
just the effects of individual buildings, this research evaluates the
cumulative effects of area-wide development.
I think this publication is available on-line soemwhere at the U of Toronto
site, but I do not have the URL.
SECOND:
Brown, Robert D and Terr J. Gillespie, Microclimatic Landscape Design,
creating thermal comfort and energy efficiency. New York: John Wiley,
1995. This book has some discussion of the quantitative modelling of
outdoor space. The author has also developed some simplified programs,
although the details are not published in the book. It is a good
introduction to the subject. The conclusions are that wind and radiation
are really the only two comfort variables over which the designer has
control, excepting evaporative cooling in some cases. They argue that
outdoor thermal storage is insignificant, in relation to the impacts of sun
and wind.
OK a couple more:
The classic text is:
Geiger, R. 1965. The Climate Near the Ground, Cambridge: Harvard U Press,
611pp.
another useful text, although hard to find is:
Lowry, William P., 1988 Atmospheric Ecology for Designers and Plannners,
Pevive Pub: McMinnville, OR, 435 pp.
Good Luck
Mark DeKay
Assistant Professor of Architecture
School of Architecture
Washington University
One Brookings Drive
campus box 1079
St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
dekay@arch.wustl.edu
Office: 201 Givens Hall
314.935.6282, 314.935.8520 (fax)
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