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Dissertation Information for Gary Allen Copeland

NAME:
- Gary Allen Copeland

DEGREE:
- Ph.D.

DISCIPLINE:
- Journalism and Mass Communication

SCHOOL:
- Pennsylvania State University (USA) (1982)

ADVISORS:
- None

COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
- None

MPACT Status: Incomplete - Not_Inspected

Title: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SEX, CONTEXT AND ACQUAINTANCESHIP ON PHOTOGRAPHIC FRAMING

Abstract: Previous research using content analysis, picture selection, interpersonal and credibility measures, and Draw-a-Person protocols have indicated a preference for photographs of men to be framed closer than those of women. While a sex of target effect and a lack of participant sex effect have consistently been reported, context and acquaintanceship are two unexplored constructs.

The present study utilized 68 paid volunteer dyads consisting of 17 all male, 19 all female, and 32 male/female pairs. Each member of the dyad took two photographs of her/his partner--one a photograph for personal use and one which might be used with a job application--and of a male and female unknown to the photographer. Order of acquaintanceship, sex, and context were systematically rotated. Upon completion of the photography session, each participant engaged in a preferential selection routine for photographic framings of two men and two women unknown to the participant.

Data from the photography sessions were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA. Picture selection data was analyzed using Wicoxon's T and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Two Sample tests. The criterion level was established as p (LESSTHEQ) .05.

Results of the data analysis indicated that a sex of target effect on face-to-body ratios--the operationalization for tightness of framing--existed for the unknown targets but not for the known. The sex of target effect also was manifested for the picture selection routine. No effect for sex of photographer or sex of viewer was revealed for either the creation or selection of photographs. Both acquaintanceship and context significantly impacted face-to-body ratios. All results were as hypothesized except for the effect of known target sex. Generally, women, unknown targets, and personal photographs are more loosely framed than men, known targets, and employment photographs.

Results suggested that interpersonal factors influenced photographs of known and unknown targets. The maintenance of correct proxemic position is demonstrated to have high explanatory power for photographs of known an unknown individuals.

Context was deemed to be linked to conventional form. The importance of photographic conventions to the creation of employment and personal photographs is discussed.

MPACT Scores for Gary Allen Copeland

A = 0
C = 2
A+C = 2
T = 0
G = 0
W = 0
TD = 0
TA = 0
calculated 2010-02-08 11:48:06

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