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Dissertation Information for Ann E. Hall

NAME:
- Ann E. Hall

DEGREE:
- Ph.D.

DISCIPLINE:
- Library and Information Science

SCHOOL:
- Columbia University (USA) (1974)

ADVISORS:
- Frances Henne

COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
- None

MPACT Status: Incomplete - Ambiguous

Title: PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT IN CALIFORNIA, 1850-1966

Abstract:
It was the major purpose of this study to investigate state-wide
developments and conditions that facilitated and retarded the growth of

public elementary and secondary school libraries in California between

i850 and 1966.
Emphasis was placed on the influence of state legislation, the

California
State Department of Education and the Office of, the Superintendent of

Public
Instruction, the State Library, and professional organization'S.
The relationship of these factors to the development of elementary

school
libraries is discussed in chapters-one through three. Secondary school

libraries
are covered in chapter four. The activities of the California

Association of
School Librarians are discussed in chapter five. Local conditions in

individual
school districts have been considered only as examples of state-wide

developments. No attempt has been made to give a county by county

history of school
libraries in California.
Findings indicate that-throughout the period studied educators and
librarians have evolved various means of providing public school

children with
bOOKs and other materials. These have included district school library
collections, public library service to schools, service from central

school district depositories, collections loaned from county school

libraries, and, libraries maintained in individual schools.
The first four types of service
have been primarily associated with elementary schools; the last has

been common in secondary schools for many years.

District school libraries were introduced into California largely
through the efforts of John Swett, Superintendent of PUblic Instruction
for the state from 1862-67. Swett's district school librari plan which

was based on systems in other states, was designed to insure the

establishment of a collection in every school district in the state. A

key feature
in the plan was a mandatory law requiring the school districts to

expend
10 per cent of their apportionments from the state school fund for

library
materials. This, requirement pertained to grades K-8 only. Although the
specified amounts to be expended have varied over the years the school

law
of the state has since 1866 provided for some kind of school library

fund.
This mandtatory legislation was successful in effecting the

establishment of library collections, but there were no known public

school librarians
in California during the nineteenth century to provide direction in

developing
library services. Into a leadership vacuum moved some public

librarians. The
most signlficant type of public library service to schools was given by

county
public libraries. This service was considered successful as far as

providing
access to materials was concerned but was deficient because

countylibrarians
could not provide continuing library programs within the schools

themselves.
Beginning in the late 1940's county superintendents of schools. took
over the library services from many of the county public libraries. -

When this
action was taken librarians were hired to staff the headquarters,

collections
and to supervise all of the technical services. However, few if any·

librarians
have been able to provide public services.
Some school districts such as Long Beach have decided. to establish
libraries in each school. As far as elementary schools are concerned

progress
state-wide has been slow in this regard. As late as 1963 Dnly 38 per

cent of
California's elementary schools had libraries and only 7 per cent of

the
schools had librarians. Nearly all of the secondary schools have

libraries
but these are typically understaffed.
Findings indicate that staffing problems are significant but that
the major task is to establish libraries in the rest of the state's
elementary schools. This will probably require complete revision of all

laws relating to school libraries and mandatory state standards.



MPACT Scores for Ann E. Hall

A = 0
C = 0
A+C = 0
T = 0
G = 0
W = 0
TD = 0
TA = 0
calculated 2008-01-31 06:01:47

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Students under Ann E. Hall

ADVISEES:
- None

COMMITTEESHIPS:
- None