Dissertation Information for Justin WolfeNAME:
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SCHOOL: ADVISORS: COMMITTEE MEMBERS: MPACT Status: Fully Complete Title: Rising from the ashes: Community, ethnicity and nation-state formation in nineteenth-century Nicaragua Abstract: Traditionally, nineteenth-century Nicaraguan history is divided into three periods: the years of anarchy from Independence in 1821 to 1857, the Conservative Thirty Years from 1858-1893, and the Liberal Revolution from 1893-1909. Accordingly, the divided elite fought among themselves for more than 40 years after Independence until they unified against the threat to their sovereignty in the form of U.S. mercenary William Walker. In this narrative, upon defeating him in the National War (1855-1857), Nicaragua stagnated for 30 years into a simultaneously weak, ineffective yet coercive state until Jose Santos Zelaya's regime created a truly liberal state-formation project. This study critiques this periodization and the political, social, economic and cultural history that it implies. The foundations of nation-state formation predated the National War. This proto-nationalist ideology conditioned the elite's unification during the war and for decades to come and determined its approach to the autonomous communities that resisted the state's subsequent expansion. Following the National War, the state promoted the elite ideals of "progress," but rather than imposing them from above, as is generally held, this study finds that the state negotiated Nicaragua's future. |
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