Dissertation Information for Betty Signe AndersonNAME:
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SCHOOL: ADVISORS: COMMITTEE MEMBERS: MPACT Status: Fully Complete Title: The history of the Jordanian National Movement: Its leaders, ideologies, successes and failures Abstract: This study examines the history of the Jordanian National Movement, focusing on the ideological principles of the movement, the events motivating the leaders to organize the various political parties and organizations making up the movement, and the political, economic and social conditions present in Jordan which generated massive support for the movement's goals during the 1950s. The principal tenets of the movement lay with the ideals of Arab nationalism and Arab unity, which called for an end to the divisions in the Arab world created by Western imperialism and a glorification of Arab history, language and culture, but the leaders of the movement also worked to make the Jordanian political system more inclusive. The leaders of the movement, both Jordanians and Palestinians, organized it because they experienced a process of political socialization during their early years at home and in schools throughout the Arab world which made them see and understand the repressive nature of the Jordanian government as well as the debilitating effects of Western colonialism on the Middle East. They brought their experiences to the Jordanian political arena at a time when Palestinian refugees flooded Jordan, creating both massive unemployment and urbanization, and the Arab world became divided between the Egyptian-Syrian camp opposing Western colonialism and the Iraqi camp welcoming Western aid. The creation of the state of Israel further politicized the Jordanian and Palestinian populations as they struggled to find ways to combat its growing power. These factors came together in the mid-1950s to create a powerful and influential national movement, organized to fight for change within the Jordanian political system. It succeeded, from 1955-1957, in dictating political policy in the country, first from outside the halls of government, and then from within them. In April 1957, however, the movement disintegrated under the weight of Jordan's political and economic realities as the movement proved incapable of solving Jordan's myriad problems and the West, notably the United States, stepped on to the political stage and enabled King Hussein to regain his traditionally powerful position in the country. This dissertation relies extensively on personal interviews, published memoirs of the leaders of the movement, Jordanian newspapers, minutes of the parliamentary debates, and British and American diplomatic documents, to gain an understanding of the activities and ideologies of the Jordanian National Movement. |
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