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<title> Linux ªº Database-SQL-RDBMS HOWTO ¤å¥ó (PostgreSQL ª«¥óÃöÁp¸ê®Æ®w¨t²Î)
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SQL DATABASE HOW-TO 
A PRACTICAL GUIDE

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<author>§@ªÌ¡JAl Dev (Alavoor Vasudevan) 
       <htmlurl url="mailto:alavoor@yahoo.com"
             name="alavoor@yahoo.com"> <newline>
Ä¶ªÌ¡J´¿¹F±d <htmlurl url="mailto:a9504480@graduate.hku.hk"
		name="a9504480@graduate.hku.hk">
<date>¤G¹s¹s¤@¦~¤@¤ë¤G¤é¡A41.0 ª©
<abstract>
¥»¤å¥ó¬O¤@¥÷¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó¦b Unix ¨t²Î§Ö±¶¦a«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó SQL ¸ê®Æ®w¤ÞÀº (Database Engine)
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»y¨¥¤Î±´°Q¦b¤¬Ápºô¤¤¡u¶}©ñ¦¡¶}µo¡vÀô¹Ò ("open development" environment) 
¶}µo SQL ¸ê®Æ®w¤ÞÀºªºÀuÂI¡C¥¦¬OÃö©ó¦p¦ó¦b Unix ¨t²Î¤¤«Ø¥ß PostgreSQL 
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¤S¥i¥Î§@¸Uºûºô¸ê®Æ®w¦øªA¾¹ (Web Database Server) ªº·s¤@¥Nª«¥óÃöÁp¦¡¸ê®Æ®w¡C
PostgreSQL ¹Á¸Õ¹ê½î¤µ«áªº°ê»Ú ISO / ANSI SQL ¼Ð·Ç¡C
¥»¤å¥ó¤]´£¨ÑÃö©ó¸ê®Æ®wªº¤¶­±µ{¦¡¡A¦p«eºÝ¹Ï¹³¤¶­±¡BÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡°ª³t¶}µo (Rapid 
Application Development) ¤u¨ã¡BODBC¡BJDBC ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡BC¡BC++¡BJava¡BPerl 
µ{¦¡»y¨¥¤¶­±©Mºô¤W¸ê®Æ®w¤u¨ã¡C³o¸Ì´£¨Ñªº¸ê®Æ¾A¥Î©ó©Ò¦³ Unix / Windows NT 
¥­¥x¤Î¨ä¥L¸ê®Æ®w¡A¹ï¸ê®Æ®w¡BSQL »y¨¥¤Î PostgreSQL ªº·s¤â«D±`¦³¥Î¡C

³o¤å¥ó¤]¦³¤@­Ó SQL ªº¾É¤Þ¡A¸ÑÄÀ SQL ªº»yªk¡A¹ïªì¾ÇªÌ«D±`¦³¥Î¡C
¦³¸gÅçªº¥Î®a·|Ä±±o³o¬O¤@¥÷¦³¥Îªº°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡C¹ï¾Ç¥Í¨Ó»¡¡A
³o³B´£¨Ñªº¸ê®Æ·|Åý¥L­Ì±o¨ì PostgresSQL ÃöÁp¦¡¸ê®Æ®wªº·½µ{¦¡½X¡A
±q¦Ó¾Ç²ß¦p¦ó½s¼g¤@­Óª«¥óÃöÁp¦¡ SQL ¸ê®Æ®w¡C

</abstract>

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<toc>

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(concurrency management)¡C
<item> ¤l¬d¸ß (Sub-queries)
<item> ¦øªA¾¹ºÝ´å¼Ð (Server-side cursors)
<item> ¬d¸ß§Ö¨ú (Query caching)
<item> ¸ê®Æ®w«ÊÂê (Locking of databases)
<item> ¸û¦nªº³sµ²¤ä´©¡]JOIN¡BUNION¡BMINUS¡BINTERSECT¡Bouter join¡^
<item> «Ü¦h¨ä¥L¥\¯à¡X¡X¦h¤£³Ó¼Æ¡C
</itemize>

MySQL ¥i¦b <url url="http://www.tcx.se"> §ä¨ì¡C

¡]Ä¶«ö¡JMySQL ¤w§ï¥H GPL µo¦æ¡C¡^
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<chapt>¦ó³B¨ú±o ?
-->
<sect>¦ó³B¨ú±o ?
<p>
§A¥i±q¥H¤U¦a¤èÁÊ¶R Redhat Linux ¥úºÐ¡BDebian Linux ¥úºÐ©Î Slackware Linux 
¥úºÐ¡A±q¤¤§ä¨ì PostgreSQL ®M¥ó¡]­ì©l½X©M¤G¤¸½X¡^¡J
<itemize>
<item>Linux System Labs ºô§}¡J<url url="http://www.lsl.com/">  ¡]7 ¬ü¤¸¡^
<item>CheapBytes Inc ºô§}¡J<url url="http://www.cheapbytes.com/"> ¡]7 ¬ü¤¸¡^
<item>Debian ¥Dºô§}¡J<url url="http://www.debian.org/vendors.html">
</itemize>
<p>
PostgreSQL ²ÕÂ´¤]°â½æ¡¥PostgreSQL CDROM¡¦¡A¤º§t§¹¾ãªº­ì©l½X¡A³\¦h Unix 
¾Þ§@¨t²Îªº¥i°õ¦æÀÉ¤Î§¹¾ãªº¤å¥ó¡C
<itemize>
<item>±q¥Dºô­¶¨ú±o PostgreSQL ¥úºÐ¡J<url url="http://www.postgresql.org"> 
30¡]¬ü¤¸¡^
</itemize>

PostgreSQL ¥u§t¤G¤¸ÀÉªºµo¦æª©¥» (distribution)¡J
<itemize>
<item> PostgreSQL RPMs ªººûÅ@¤H¬O Lamer Owen¡A¦b  
<htmlurl url= "mailto:lamar.owen@wgcr.org"
	name="lamar.owen@wgcr.org"> §ä¨ì¡C
<item>PostgreSQL ·½ RPM ©M¤G¤¸ RPM <url 
url="http://www.ramifordistat.net/postgres">¡C
<item>PostgreSQL ·½ RPM ©M¤G¤¸ RPM <url 
url="http://www.postgresql.org"> ¡CÂI¿ï¡§Latest News¡¨©M Redhat RPMs¡C
<item>PostgreSQL ·½ RPM ©M¤G¤¸ RPM <url 
url="http://www.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386/"> ¡Cftp ¯¸¥x¦b <url 
url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386/">
<item>Solaris, HPUX, AIX, IRIX, Linux ªº¤G¤¸ÀÉ¯¸¥x¡J <url 
url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/bindist">
</itemize>

<p>
¸Uºûºôºô¯¸¡J
<itemize>
<item>¥Dºô¯¸¡J<url url="http://www.postgresql.org/">
<item>¦¸ºô¯¸¡J     <url url="http://logical.thought.net/postgres95/">
<item>		     <url url="http://www.itm.tu-clausthal.de/mirrors/postgres95/">
<item>		     <url url="http://s2k-ftp.cs.berkeley.edu:8000/postgres95/">
<item>  <url url="http://xenium.pdi.net/PostgreSQL/">
<item>  <url url="http://s2k-ftp.cs.berkeley.edu:8000/postgres95/">

</itemize>

<p>
¥H¤U¬° ftp ¯¸¡J
<itemize>
<item>¥D FTP:       <url url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub">
<item>¦¸ FTP:     <url url="ftp://ftp.chicks.net/pub/postgresql">
<item>		     <url url="ftp://ftp.emsi.priv.at/pub/postgres/">
<item>		<url url="ftp://ftp.itm.tu-clausthal.de/pub/mirrors/postgres95">
<item>		     <url url="ftp://rocker.sch.bme.hu/pub/mirrors/postgreSQL">
<item>		     <url url="ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/dbms/postgres95">
<item>		     <url url="ftp://ftp.luga.or.at/pub/postgres95">
<item>		     <url url="ftp://postgres95.vnet.net:/pub/postgres95">
<item>	<url url="ftp://ftpza.co.za/mirrors/postgres">
<item>	<url url="ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/databases/postgresql">
<item>	<url url="ftp://ftp.task.gda.pl/pub/software/postgresql">
<item>	<url url="ftp://xenium.pdi.net/pub/PostgreSQL">

</itemize>

<p>
PostgreSQL ªº·½µ{¦¡½X¤]¥i±q sunsite unc 
ªº¬M®g¯¸±o¨ì¡]¥þ²y¦³¤j¬ù¤@¤d­Ó¡^¡C¥¦¬O¦b Redhat Linux µo¦æª©¥» (distribution) 
ªº /pub/contrib/i386/postgresql.rpm ÀÉ¤¤¡C
<itemize>
<item>	­nª¾¹D¦³¤°»ò¬M®g¯¸¡A½Ð¨ì <url url="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu"> 
</itemize>
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<chapt>PostgreSQL §Ö³t¦w¸Ë«ü¤Þ
-->
<sect>PostgreSQL §Ö³t¦w¸Ë«ü¤Þ <label id="Quick-Installation">
<p>
³o¸`·|À°§A¦b¤p©ó¤­¤ÀÄÁ¤º§Ö³t¦w¸Ë©M±Ò°Ê³o¸ê®Æ®w¡C

<sect1> ¦w¸Ë©M´ú¸Õ
<p>
¦w¸Ë¡B´ú¸Õ¡B½T»{©M°õ¦æ PostgreSQL ªº¨BÆJ
¥H root ¨­¥÷Ã±¤J
<code>
# cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS
# man rpm
# ls postgre*.rpm
# rpm -qpl postgre*.rpm | less ¡]Æ[¬ÝÀÉ®×¦W³æ¡^
# rpm -qpi postgre*.rpm ¡]Æ[¬Ý®M¥ó¸ê®Æ¡^
# cat /etc/passwd | grep postgres
</code>
ª`·N¡J¦pªG§A¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó¡¥postgres¡¦¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A¥i¯à­n³Æ¥÷©M²M°£ postgres ªº®a¥Ø¿ý 
~postgres ©M§R°£³o¦W¥ÎªÌ¡A©Î§â¥L§ï¦W¬°¡¥postgres2¡¦¤§Ãþ¡C¦w¸Ë®É»Ý­n°®°®²b²b¡C
<code>:
# rpm -i postgre*.rpm ¡]¥²¶·¦w¸Ë©Ò¦³®M¥ó¡A§Y«È¤áºÝ¡B¶}µo¡B¸ê®Æ©M¥D®M¥ó¨Ó¨Ï 
pgaccess ¥¿±`¤u§@¡^
# man chkconfig
# chkconfig --add postgresql  ¡]¥Î¨Ó¦b¶}¾÷®É¶}©l pg¡C¡^
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql start ¡]±Ò°Ê postgresql¡^
# man xhost
# xhost +  ¡]Åý pgaccess ¨Ï¥ÎÅã¥Ü¸Ë¸m¡^
# su - postgres
bash$ man createdb
bash$ createdb mydatabase
bash$ man psql
bash$ psql mydatabase
¡K¡K¦b psql ¤¤¥i«ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v°O¿ý©Î \s

bash$ export DISPLAY=<¥D¾÷¦W>:0.0
bash$ man pgaccess
bash$ pgaccess mydatabase
</code>
²{¦b§A¥i¥H¦b pgaccess ©Î psql <bf>°ª³t¤U¹F</bf>¦UºØ SQL «ü¥O¤F¡I¡I
<code>
bash$ cd /usr/doc/postgresql*
</code>
¦b¦¹¾\Åª©Ò¦³ FAQ¡A¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡Bµ{¦¡³]­p­û¡BºÞ²z¤â¥U©M«ü¤Þ¡C
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-->
<sect1> PostgreSQL RPMs
<p>
¦¹¥~¡A½Ð¬Ý <url url="http://www.ramifordistat.net/postgres"> ªº 
<it>"Installation Steps"</it>¡C

PostgreSQL RPM ¥Ñ Lamar Owen ºûÅ@¡A¦ì©ó
<htmlurl url= "mailto:lamar.owen@wgcr.org"
	name="lamar.owen@wgcr.org">
¦b <url url="http://www.postgresql.org"> ¥i§ä¨ì§ó¦h PostgreSQL ªº¸ê®Æ¡C
<!-- 
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-->
<sect1> Maximum RPM
<p>
¼ô²ß RedHat RPM ®M¥óºÞ²z­û¥HºÞ²z PostgreSQL ¦w¸Ë¡C¦b 
<url url="http://www.RPM.org"> ¤U¸ü¡¥Maximum RPM¡¦¤@®Ñ¡A§ä´MÀÉ¦W
 maximum-rpm.ps.gz¡C
¦b Linux ¨Ï¥Î gv «ü¥O¾\Åª¥¦¡X
<code>
# gv maximum-rpm.ps.gz
</code>
¦³¤@­Ó rpm2deb ¥i§â RPM ®M¥óÂà´«¬° Debian Linux ®M¥ó
<!-- 
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-->
<sect1> ¨Ò¤l RPM <label id="Examples RPM">
<p>
´ú¸Õ PostgreSQL ªº¦UºØ¤¶­±»Ý­n¨Ò¤l¡C±q¥H¤U¦a¤è¦w¸Ë PostgreSQL ¨Ò¤l¥Ø¿ý¡X
<itemize>
<item> Linux ¥úºÐ - postgresql-*examples.rpm
<item> postgresql-*examples.rpm  <url url="http://www.aldev.8m.com"> 
©Î <url url="http://aldev.webjump.com">
<item> PostgreSQL ­ìµ{¦¡½X postgresql*.src.rpm¡A¦b examples¡Btesting ©Î 
tutorial ¥Ø¿ý´M§ä¡C
</itemize>
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-->
<sect1>´ú¸Õ PyGreSQL¡XPython ¤¶­± <label id="Testing PyGreSQL">
<p>
¦w¸Ë examples ®M¥ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM">¡A¤§«á¡X
<code>
bash$ cd /usr/lib/pgsql/python
bash$ createdb thilo
bash$ psql thilo
thilo=> create table test (aa char(30), bb char(30) );
thilo=> \q
bash$ /usr/bin/python
>>> import _pg
>>> db = _pg.connect('thilo', 'localhost')
>>> db.query("INSERT INTO test VALUES ('ping', 'pong')")
>>> db.query("SELECT * FROM test")
eins|zwei
----+----
ping|pong
(1 row)
>>>CTRL+D
bash$
¡K¡K¦n¹³¦æ¤F¡X²{¦b¥¿¦¡¦w¸Ë¥¦
bash$ su - root
# cp /usr/lib/pgsql/python/_pg.so /usr/lib/python1.5/lib-dynload
</code>
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-->
<sect1> ´ú¸Õ Perl¡XPerl ¤¶­± <label id="Testing Perl">
<p>
¦w¸Ë examples ®M¥ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM">¡A¤§«á¡X
<code>
root# chown -R postgres.postgres /var/lib/pgsql/examples
bash$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/examples/perl5
bash$ perl ./example.pl
</code>
ª`·N¡J¦pªG¥H¤W«ü¥O¥¢±Ñ¤F½Ð°µ¦p¦¹°µ¡J¥þ°ìÅÜ¼Æ @INC ­n¦b¥]¬A site_perl ¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªº 
Pg.pm ¼Ò²Õ¡A©Ò¥H­n¦p¤U¨Ï¥Î
-I ¿ï¶µ¡C
<code>
bash$ perl -I/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.004/i386-linux-thread ./example.pl
</code>
¡K¡K§Aªº perl ¤w¦b¦s¨ú PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w¡I¡I

­n¨Ï¥Î perl ¤¶­±¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ example.pl ÀÉ¡C
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<sect1> ´ú¸Õ libpq, libpq++ ¤¶­± <label id="Testing libpq">
<p>
¦w¸Ë examples ®M¥ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM">¡A¤§«á¡X
<code>
root# chown -R postgres.postgres /var/lib/pgsql/examples
bash$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/examples/libpq
bash$ gcc testlibpq.c -I/usr/include/pgsql -lpq
bash$ export PATH=$PATH:.
bash$ a.out

bash$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/examples/libpq++
bash$ g++ testlibpq0.cc -I/usr/include/pgsql -I/usr/include/pgsql/libpq++
-lpq++ -lpq -lcrypt
bash$ ./a.out ¡]ª`·N¡J¤£¶·²z·|¿ù»~°T®§¡X¦p¤U¡^
> create table foo (aa int, bb char(4));
No tuples returned...
status = 1
Error returned: fe_setauthsvc: invalid name: , ignoring...
> insert into foo values ('4535', 'vasu');
No tuples returned...
status = 1
Error returned: fe_setauthsvc: invalid name: , ignoring...
> select * from foo;
aa   |bb   |
-----|-----|
4535 |vasu |
Query returned 1 row.
>
>CTRL+D
bash$
</code>
¡K¡K§Aª½±µ¥Î C/C++ ¤¶­±¨Ó¦s¨ú PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w¡I¡I
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<sect1>´ú¸Õ Java ¤¶­± <label id="Testing Java">
<p>
¦w¸Ë examples ®M¥ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM"> 
©M¦w¸Ë¥H¤UªF¦è¡C
<itemize>
<item> ±q <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386"> ©Î 
<url url="http://www.blackdown.org"> ¨ú±o JDK jdk-*glibc*.rpm 
<item> ±q <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386"> ¨ú±o 
postgresql-jdbc-*.rpm
</itemize>
<code>
root# chown -R postgres.postgres /var/lib/pgsql/examples
bash$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/examples/jdbc
bash$ echo $CLASSPATH
 --> À³Åã¥Ü CLASSPATH=/usr/lib/pgsql/jdbc7.0-1.2.jar:.:/home/java/jdk1.2.2/lib:/usr/lib/pgsql:/usr/lib/pgsql/classes.zip:/usr/lib/pgsql/pg.jar

¦Ó jdbc*.jar ªºª©¥»¸¹½X­n¥¿½T¡C
*.jar ÀÉ­n©ñ¦b /usr/lib/pgsql ©M  /usr/libjdk*/lib ¥Ø¿ý¤¤¡C

bash$ export CLASSPATH=/usr/lib/pgsql/jdbc7.0-1.2.jar:.:/home/java/jdk1.2.2/lib:/usr/lib/pgsql:/usr/lib/pgsql/classes.zip:/usr/lib/pgsql/pg.jar

½s¿è©Ò¦³ psql.java ÀÉ¡A§â¡¥package¡¦ªº¦æÅÜ¬°µû½×¡C
bash$ javac psql.java
bash$ java psql jdbc:postgresql:template1 postgres &lt password &gt
[1] select * from pg_tables;
tablename       tableowner      hasindexes      hasrules
pg_type postgres        true    false   false
pg_attribute    postgres        true    false   false
[2]
CTRL+C
bash$
</code>
¡K¡K§Aª½±µ¥Î Java ¤¶­±¨Ó¦s¨ú PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w¡I
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<sect1> ´ú¸Õ ecpg ¤¶­± <label id="Testing ecpg">
<p>
¦w¸Ë examples ®M¥ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM">¡A¤§«á¡X
<code>
root# chown -R postgres.postgres /var/lib/pgsql/examples
bash$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/examples/ecpg
bash$ ecpg test1.pgc -I/usr/include/pgsql
bash$ cc test1.c -I/usr/include/pgsql -lecpg -lpq -lcrypt
bash$ createdb mm
bash$ ./a.out
</code>
¡K¡K§Aª½±µ¥Î´O¤J¦¡ SQL ¨Ó¦s¨ú PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w¡I
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<sect1> ´ú¸Õ SQL ªº¨Ò¤l¡X¦Û­q¸ê®Æ«¬ºA©M¨ç¼Æ <label id="Testing SQL">
<p>
¦w¸Ë examples ®M¥ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM">¡A¤§«á¡X
<code>
root# chown -R postgres.postgres /var/lib/pgsql/examples
bash$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/examples/sql
¥¼¼g¦n¡K
</code>
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-->
<sect1> ´ú¸Õ Tcl/TK ¤¶­±
<p>
Tck/Tk ªº¨Ò¤l¬O pgaccess µ{¦¡¡C
¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹¾\Åª /usr/bin/pgaccess ÀÉ®×¡X
<code>
bash$ view /usr/bin/pgaccess
bash$ export DISPLAY=<§A¹q¸£ªº¥D¾÷¦W>:0.0
bash$ createdb mydb
bash$ pgaccess mydb
</code>
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-->
<sect1> ´ú¸Õ ODBC ¤¶­±
<p>
<enum>
<item> ¦b <url url="http://www.insightdist.com/psqlodbc/"> ¨ú±o win32 pgsql 
odbc ÅX°Êµ{¦¡
<item> ¥t¥~½Ð°Ñ¾\ /usr/lib/libpsqlodbc.a
</enum>
<!-- 

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-->
<sect1> ´ú¸Õ MPSQL Motif-worksheet ¤¶­±
<p>
¦b <url url="http://www.mutinybaysoftware.com"> ¨ú±o RPM¡C
<!-- 

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-->
<sect1> ½T»{
<p>
­n½T»{ PostgreSQL ªº°ª«~½è¡A°õ¦æ Regression ´ú¸Õ®M¥ó¡J
¥H root ¨­¥÷Ã±¤J
<code>
# rpm -i postgresql*test.rpm
¾\Åª README ÀÉ©Î¦w¸Ë·½µ{¦¡¡A¥¦¤w¦³ regress ¥Ø¿ý
# rpm -i postgresql*.src.rpm
# cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS
# more postgresql*.spec ¡]¥H¹î¬Ý»Ý­n¦w¸Ë­þ¨Ç RPM ®M¥ó¡^
# rpm -bp postgresql*.spec ¡]¡K³o¼Ë·|·Ç³Æ¸Ó®M¥ó¡^

Regression ´ú¸Õ»Ý­n Makefiles ©MÃþ¦ü *fmgr*.h ªº¼ÐÀYÀÉ¡A¥i¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O
²£¥Í¡X
# rpm --short-circuit -bc postgresql*.spec ¡]¨«±¶®|¡I¡^
¬Ý¨ì¡¥make -C common  SUBSYS.o¡¦«á«ö CTRL-C ²×¤î¤u§@¡C³o®É­Ô configure 
¤w¸g¦¨¥\¡A©Ò¦³ Makefiles ©M¼ÐÀYÀÉ¤]¤w²£¥Í¡C§A¤£¦A»Ý­nÅý¥¦Ä~Äò¤U¥h¡C
# cd /usr/src/redhat/BUILD
# chown -R postgres postgresql*
# su - postgres
bash$ cd /usr/src/redhat/BUILD/postgresql-6.5.3/src/test/regress
bash$ more README
bash$ make clean; make all runtest
bash$ more regress.out
</code>
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-->
<sect1> ºò«æ°£¿ù
<p>
¦³®É°£¿ù´O¸É·|¦b¥D­nªº±À¥X PostgreSQL 
ªº¥D­nª©¥»¤§«á¥X²{¡C§A¥i¨Ì¾Ú¦Û¤v»Ý­n¡A¦Û¦æ¶i¦æ­×¸É¡C½Ð¸ò±q¥H¤U¨BÆJ¡J
¨ì postgresql µ{¦¡½Xªº¥Ø¿ý
<tscreen><verb>
		# rpm -i postgresql*.src.rpm
		# cd /usr/src/postgresql6.5.3
		# man patch
		# patch -p0 < patchfile
		# make clean
		# make
</verb></tscreen>
´O¸ÉÀÉ¬O¦b
<itemize>
<item>PostgreSQL ´O¸É¡J<url url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/patches">
</itemize>
<!--
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<chapt> §Ö³t¶}©l«ü¤Þ
-->
<sect> §Ö³t¶}©l«ü¤Þ
<p>
½Ð°Ñ¦Ò<ref id="Quick-Installation" name="§Ö³t¦w¸Ë«ü¤Þ">¤@³¹¡C
<!--

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<sect1> ¸ê®Æ®w«Ø¥ß¡B¥á±ó¡B§ï¦W
<p>
§A¥i¨Ï¥Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Íµ½ªº
GUI¡A¦W¬°¡¥pgaccess¡¦¨Ó«Ø¥ß©M¥á±ó¸ê®Æ®w¡A¤]¥i¥Î«ü¥O¦C¡¥psql¡¦¤u¨ã¡C
<code>
¦p§A¥H root ¨­¥÷µn¤J¡AÅÜ¨­¬°¥ÎªÌ¡¥postgres¡¦¡J
# xhost + ¡]Åý pgaccess ¨Ï¥ÎÅã¥Ü¸Ë¸m¡^
# su - postgres
bash$ man createdb
bash$ createdb mydatabase
bash$ man psql
bash$ psql mydatabase
¡K¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s

bash$ export DISPLAY=<¥D¾÷¦W>:0.0
bash$ man pgaccess
bash$ pgaccess mydatabase
</code>
§A²{¦b¥i¥H¦b psql ©Î pgaccess <bf>°ª³t¤U¹F</bf> SQL «ü¥O¡C


­n¥á±ó¸ê®Æ®wªº¸Ü¡J
<code>
bash$ man dropdb
bash$ man destroydb  ¡]¦b¸ûÂÂª©¥»ªº pgsql ¤¤¨Ï¥Î¡^ 
bash$ dropdb <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
</code>
¤]¥i¥H¦b¤@­Ó SQL ³s±µ´Á¶¡¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O®ø·À¤@­Ó¸ê®Æ®w¡J
<code>
> drop database <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
</code>
­n§ó§ï¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\<ref id="backup_restore" name="³Æ¥÷©MÁÙ­ì">¤@¸`
<!--

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<sect1> «Ø¥ß©M¥á±ó¥Î¤á
<p>
­n«Ø¥ß·s¥Î¤á¡A¥H unix ¥Î¤á¡¥postres¡¦Ã±¤J¡A§A¥i¥ÎÂ²³æ©ö¥Îªº GUI
¤u¨ã¡¥pgaccess¡¦¨Ó¼W´î¥Î¤á¡C 
<code>
bash$ man pgaccess
bash$ pgaccess <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
</code>
À»¿ï¡§Users¡¨tab¡A¦AÀ»¿ï Object|New ©Î Object|Delete

§A¤]¥i¥Î«ü¥O¦æ©R¥O½Z (script)¡C¦W¬°¡¥createuser¡¦ªº©R¥O½Z±Ò°Ê psql¡C
<code>
bash$ man createuser
bash$ createuser <¥Î¤á¦WºÙ>
bash$ createuser -h host -p port -i userid <¥Î¤á¦WºÙ>
</code>

­n¥á±ó¤@­Ó postgres ¥Î¤á¡A¨Ï¥Î©R¥O½Z¡¥destroyuser¡¦¡C
<code>
bash$ man dropuser
bash$ man destroyuser ¡]¦b¸ûÂÂª©¥»ªº pgsql ¤¤¨Ï¥Î¡^ 
bash$ destroyuser
</code>
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<sect1> «Ø¥ß©M¥á±ó¸s²Õ
<p>
¥Ø«e¨S¦³Â²³æªº¤¶­±¥i¥Î¨Ó³]©w¥Î¤á¸s²Õ¡C§A­n¦Û¦æ¦b <bf>pg_group</bf>
ªí®æ¤¤´¡¤J©Î§ó·s¬ö¿ý¡C¦p¡J
<code>
bash$ su - postgres
bash$ psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
¡K¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s

psql=> insert into pg_group (groname, grosysid, grolist)
psql=> values ('posthackers', '1234', '{5443, 8261}' );
INSERT 58224
psql=> grant insert on foo to group posthackers;
CHANGE
psql=>
</code>
<bf>pg_group</> ¤¤ªºÄæ¦ì¬°¡J
<bf>groname</bf> ¸s²Õ¦WºÙ¡C³o¦WºÙ¥²¶·¥þ¬°¦r¥À©Î¼Æ¦r¡A¤£¥i¦³©³½u©Î¼ÐÂI²Å¸¹¡C

<bf>grosysid</bf> ¸s²Õ¥N½X¡C³o¬O¤@­Ó int4¡A¨C­Ó¸s²Õ³£­n¿W¤@µL¤G¡C

<bf>grolist</bf> ÄÝ©ó¦¹¸s²Õªº <bf>pg_user</bf> ¥N½X¦W³æ¡C¬O¤@­Ó int4[]¡C

­n§R°£¸s²Õ¡J
<code>
bash$ su - postgres
bash$ psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
¡K¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s


psql=> delete from pg_group where groname = 'posthackers';
</code>
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<sect1> «Ø¥ß¡B½s¿è©M¥á±óªí®æ
<p>
§A¥i¨Ï¥Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Íµ½ªº
GUI¡A¦W¬°¡¥pgaccess¡¦¡A©Î«ü¥O¦C¡¥psql¡¦¤u¨ã¨Ó«Ø¥ß¡B½s¿è©M¥á±ó¸ê®Æ®wªí®æ¡C
<code>
bash$ man pgaccess
bash$ pgaccess <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
</code>
À»¿ï Table | New | Design «ö¶s¡C
<code>
bash$ man psql
bash$ psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
¡K¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s
</code>
¦b psql ´£¥Ü¤U¡AÁä¤J¼Ð·Çªº SQL «ü¥O¡A¦p¡¥create table¡¦¡B¡¥alter
table¡¦©Î¡¥drop table¡¦¨Ó³B²zªí®æ¡C
<!--

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<sect1> «Ø¥ß¡B½s¿è©M¥á±óªí®æ¤¤ªº¬ö¿ý
<p>

§A¥i¨Ï¥Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Íµ½ªº
GUI¡A¦W¬°¡¥pgaccess¡¦¡A©Î«ü¥O¦C¡¥psql¡¦¤u¨ã¨Ó«Ø¥ß¡B
½s¿è©M¥á±ó¸ê®Æ®wªí®æ¤¤ªº¬ö¿ý¡C
<code>
bash$ man pgaccess
bash$ pgaccess <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
</code>
À»¿ï Table | &lt ¿ï¤@­Óªí®æ &gt | Open «ö¶s¡C
<code>
bash$ man psql
bash$ psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
¡K¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s

</code>
¦b psql ´£¥Ü¤U¡AÁä¤J¼Ð·Çªº SQL «ü¥O¡A¦p¡¥insert into table_name¡¦¡B¡¥update
table_name¡¦©Î¡¥delete from table_name¡¦¨Ó³B²zªí®æ¡C
<!--

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<sect1> §ïÅÜ¥Ø«eªº¸ê®Æ®w
<p>
§A¥i¨Ï¥Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Íµ½ªº
GUI¡A¦W¬°¡¥pgaccess¡¦¡A©Î«ü¥O¦C¡¥psql¡¦¤u¨ã¨Ó§ïÅÜ¥Ø«eªº¸ê®Æ®w¡C
<code>
bash$ man pgaccess
bash$ pgaccess <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
</code>
À»¿ï Database | Open «ö¶s¡C
<code>
bash$ man psql
bash$ psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
¡K¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s

psql=> connect <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> <user>
</code>
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-->
<sect1> ³Æ¥÷»PÁÙ­ì¸ê®Æ®w <label id="backup_restore">
<p>
PostgreSQL ´£¨Ñ¤F¨â­Ó¤u¨ã¨Ó³Æ¥÷§Aªº¨t²Î¡J<bf>pg_dump</bf> 
³Æ¥÷¤@­Ó¸ê®Æ®w¡A<bf>pg_dumpall</bf> ¤@¦¸¹L³Æ¥÷©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ®w¡C
<code>
bash$ su - postgres
bash$ man pd_dump
bash$ pd_dump <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> > database_name.pgdump
</code>
ÁÙ­ì«h¡J
<code>
bash$ cat database_name.pgdump | psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
</code>
³o§Þ¦Ò¥i¥Î©ó·h²¾¸ê®Æ®w©Î¬°¸ê®Æ®w§ï¦W¡C

<bf>Äµ§i¡J</bf>¨C­Ó¸ê®Æ®w³£­n©w®É³Æ¥÷¡C¦]¬° PostgreSQL
¦Û¦æºÞ²z¥¦¦bÀÉ®×¨t²Î¤¤ªºÀÉ®×¡A©Ò¥H¤£­n­Ê¿à¨t²Î³Æ¥÷¨Ó§@¸ê®Æ®w³Æ¥÷¡C
¨S¦³¤H¯à«OÃÒ¨º¨ÇÀÉ®×¦bÁÙ­ì«á·|³B©ó¤@­Ó¥i¥Î¦Ó¤@­Pªºª¬ºA¡C

<bf>³Æ¥÷¤j«¬¸ê®Æ®w¡J</bf>¦]¬° PostreSQL
®e³\ªí®æ¤j¹L¨t²Îªº³Ì¤jÀÉ®×®e¶q¡A§â¤@­Óªí®æ¿é¥X¬°¤@­ÓÀÉ®×·|¦³°ÝÃD¡A
¦]¬°©Ò²£¥ÍªºÀÉ®×¥i¯à·|¶W¥X¨t²Îªº­­¨î¡C¦]¬° <bf>pg_dump</bf> ·|¼g¨ì 
<bf>stdout</bf>¡A§A¥i¨Ï¥Î¼Ð·Çªº unix ¤u¨ã¨Ó¸Ñ¨M³o¥i¯àªº°ÝÃD¡J

¨Ï¥ÎÀ£ÁY¤Fªº¿é¥X¡J
<code>
bash$ pg_dump <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> | gzip > filename.dump.gz
</code>
¥Î¥H¤U¤èªk­«·s¸ü¤J¡J
<code>
bash$ createdb <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
bash$ gunzip -c filename.dump.gz | psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
</code>
©Î
<code>
bash$ cat filename.dump.gz | gunzip | psql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
</code>

¨Ï¥Î split¡J
<code>
bash$ pg_dump <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ> | split -b 1m - filename.dump.
</code>
ª`·N¡J¥H¤W«ü¥O¤¤¡A¦b filename.dump «á¦³¤@ÂI (.)¡I¡I§A¥i¥Î¥H¤U¤èªk­«·s¸ü¤J¡J
<code>
bash$ man createdb
bash$ createdb <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
bash$ cat filename.dump.* | pgsql <¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ>
</code>
·íµM¡AÀÉ®×¦WºÙ¡]filename¡^©M <bf>pg_dump</bf>
¿é¥Xªº¤º®eµL»Ý©M¸ê®Æ®w¦WºÙ°t¦X¡C¦¹¥~¡AÁÙ­ì¤Fªº¸ê®Æ®w¥i¦³¥ô¦ó·s¦W¡C
¦]¦¹³o¤èªk¾A¥Î©ó¬°¸ê®Æ®w§ï¦W¡C

­n§â©Ò¦³ PostgreSQL ¿é¥X¡A¨Ï¥Î <bf>pg_dumpall</bf>
<code>
bash$ man pg_dumpall
bash$ pg_dumpall -o > db.out
­n­«·s¸ü¤J¡J
bash$ psql -e template1 < db.out
</code>
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<sect1> ¸ê®Æ®w«O¦w
<p>
½Ð°Ñ¾\<ref id="security" name="PostgreSQL «O¦w">¤@¸`¡C

<!--


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<sect1> ½u¤W¨D§U
<p>
§A¥²¶·ª¾¹D PostgreSQL
ªº½u¤W¨D§U³]¬I¡A¦]¬°¥¦·|¬°§A¸`¬Ù«Ü¦h®É¶¡¡AÅý§A§Ö³t¨ú±o¸ê®Æ¡C

½Ð°Ñ¾\¤£¦P«ü¥O¡A¦p createdb¡Bcreateuser µ¥µ¥ªº½u¤W  man pages¡C
<code>
bash$ man createdb
</code>

¤]½Ð°Ñ¾\ psql ªº½u¤W¨D§U°T®§¡A¦b psql ´£¥ÜÁä¤J \h
<code>
bash$ psql mydatabase
psql> \h
´£¥Ü¡J¦b psql «ö¤W / ¤U½b©C¨Ó½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©Î¥Î \s
</code>
<!--


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<sect1> «Ø¥ß¿Eµo (Triggers) ©M¤ºÀxµ{§Ç (Stored Procedures)
<p>
­n«Ø¥ß¿Eµo©Î¤ºÀxµ{§Ç¡A¥ý¦b§A¨Ï¥Îªº¸ê®Æ®w°õ¦æ¡¥createlang¡¦©R¥O½Z¨Ó¦w¸Ë
¡¥plpgsql¡¦¡C¦pªG§A·Q¹w³]¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡A§â¥¦¦w¸Ë¦b¡¥template1¡¦¡A
¦]¬°¥H«á«Ø¥ßªº¸ê®Æ®w³£¬O template1 ªº¥é¸Ë«~¡C°Ñ¾\¡¥createlang¡¦ºô­¶©Î¦ì©ó 
/usr/doc/postgresql-7.0.2/user/index.html ªº User Guide¡C

<code>
bash$ man createlang
bash$ createdb mydb
bash$ export PGLIB=/usr/lib/pgsql
bash$ createlang plpgsql mydb
bash$ createlang plpgsql template1
</code>
¤]½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" id="Examples RPM"> 
¤¤¿Eµo©M¤ºÀxµ{§Çªº¨Ò¤l¡CExamples RPM ¤¤ªº¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l¡J
<code>
create function tg_pfield_au() returns opaque as '
begin
    if new.name != old.name then
        update PSlot set pfname = new.name where pfname = old.name;
    end if;
    return new;
end;
' language 'plpgsql';

create trigger tg_pfield_au after update
    on PField for each row execute procedure tg_pfield_au();
</code>
¥t¤@­Ó¿Eµoµ{¦¡½X¨Ò¤l¡J
<code>
create trigger check_fkeys_pkey_exist
        before insert or update on fkeys
        for each row
        execute procedure
        check_primary_key ('fkey1', 'fkey2', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');
</code>
§A¥²¶·¦w¸Ë TEST ®M¥ó¡X postgresql-test-7.0.2-2.rpm ©M¾\Åª¦b 
/usr/lib/pgsql/test/regress/sql ¤¤ªº SQL ©R¥O½Z¨Ò¤l¡C

­nÅã¥Ü¸ê®Æ®w¤¤¿Eµoªº¦W³æ¡X
<code>
bash$ psql mydb
psql=> \?
psql=> \dS
psql=> \d pg_trigger
psql=> select tgname from pg_trigger order by tgname;
</code>

­nÅã¥Ü¸ê®Æ®w¤¤¨ç¼Æ©M¤ºÀxµ{§Çªº¦W³æ¡X
<code>
bash$ psql mydb
psql=> \?
psql=> \dS
psql=> \d pg_proc
psql=> select proname, prosrc from pg_proc order by proname;
psql=> \df
</code>
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<sect1> PostgreSQL ¤å¥ó
<p>
¦³Ãö¨ä¥L°ÝÃD¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ PostgreSQL ªº»¡©ú®Ñ¡A¥¦­Ìªº¸ê®Æ¤Q¤À¥þ­±¡CPostgreSQL
¤å¥ó¤w¦b®M¥ó¤¤¡C½Ð¾\Åª¡¥User's Guide¡¦¡B¡¥Programmer's
Guide¡¦¡B¡¥Administrator's Guide¡¦©M¨ä¥L»¡©ú®Ñ¡C
<!-- 
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<chapt> PostgreSQL ¤ä´©¶W¹L 200 Gig ªº¶W¯Å¸ê®Æ®w
-->
<sect>PostgreSQL ¤ä´©¶W¹L 200 Gig ªº¶W¯Å¸ê®Æ®w
<p>
¦­¤w¦³«Ü¦h¤j¤½¥q±N PostgreSQL ¥Î©ó¤j«¬ªº¸ê®Æ®w¡C¦b¦¹´£¨Ñ¥H¤U§Þ¦Ò¡J
<sect1> ¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹ºØÃþ¡X32 ¦ì¤¸©Î 64 ¦ì¤¸
<p>
32 ¦ì¤¸³B²z¾¹ªº¹q¸£¦b¸ê®Æ®w¶W¹L 5 GigaByte ®Éªí²{·|¨³³t¤U­°¡C§A¥i¥Î 32 
¦ì¤¸³B²z¾¹°õ¦æ 30 gig ªº¸ê®Æ®w¡A¦ýªí²{·|¤U­°¡C32 ¦ì¤¸¾÷¾¹¨ü¨ì³Ì¦h 2 GB 
°O¾ÐÅé¡B2 GB ÀÉ®×¨t²Î¤Î¾Þ§@¨t²Î¨ä¥L¤è­±ªº­­¨î¡C¨Ï¥Î SGI¡BIBM¡B©Î HP ¬° Linux 
¯S»sªºÀÉ®×¨t²Î©Î ext3-fs ¨Ó¦b 32 ¦ì¤¸¾÷¾¹¤W¤ä´©¤j¹L 2 GB ªºÀÉ®×¤j¤p¡C

¹ï·¥¤j«¬ªº¸ê®Æ®w¨Ó»¡¡A§Ú±j¯P«ØÄ³§A¨Ï¥Î 64 ¦ì¤¸³B²z¾¹¡A¦p Digital Alpha¡BSun 
Ultra-sparc 64 ¦ì¤¸³B²z¾¹¡BSGI 64 ¦ì¤¸³B²z¾¹¡BIntel Mercel IA-64 ³B²z¾¹¡BHPUX 
64 ¦ì¤¸¹q¸£¡BIBM 64 ¦ì¤¸¹q¸£¡C¨Ï¥Î 64 ¦ì¤¸ªº³B²z¾¹¨Ó½sÄ¶ 
PostgreSQL¡A¥¦´N¥i¥H³B²z¤j«¬ªº¸ê®Æ®w¤Î¬d¸ß¡C¬d¸ß¤j«¬ªí®æ©M¸ê®Æ®wªº³t«×·|¤ñ 32 
¦ì¤¸ªº¹q¸£§Ö¼Æ­¿¡C64 ¦ì¤¸¹q¸£ªºÀuÂI¬O§A¦³«Ü¤jªº°O¾Ð¦ì§} (memory addressing 
space) ©M¾Þ§@¨t²Î¥i³B²z«Ü¤jªºÀÉ®×¨t²Î¡B¬°¤j«¬¸ê®Æ®w´£¨Ñ¸û¨Îªí²{¡B
¤ä´©§ó¦h°O¾ÐÅé¡B¯à¤O§ó±j¡K¡K

¡]Ä¶«ö¡J2.4 ªº Linux ®Ö¤ß¤w¬ð¯} 2 GB ÀÉ®×¤j¤pªº­­¨î¡A¨Ã¤ä´©³Ì¦h 64 GB
°O¾ÐÅé¡C¡^
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<sect1> ¦h³B²z¾¹
<p>
­n¨Ï¥Î¤j«¬ªº¸ê®Æ®Æ¡A§A³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î¤º¦³ 4¡B16 ©Î 32 ¹Ù³B²z¾¹ªº SMP
¹q¸£¡C¥t¤@¤è­±¡A§A¤]¥i¨Ï¥Î 4 ¦Ü 5 ³¡³æ³B²z¾¹¹q¸£¡A¦Ó§â§Aªº¸ê®Æ®w¤À³Î
(partition) ¬° 4 ¦Ü 5 ­Ó¤À¶}ªº¸ê®Æ®w¡A¨C­Ó¦b¤@³¡¹q¸£¹B¦æ¡C¨C­Ó³B²z¾¹³£¥H°ª³t
¡]100MBits¡^ªº¤A¥H¤Óºôµ¸¥d³s±µ¡C¨Ò¦p¡A§Aªº¸ê®Æ®w¤¤¦³¤G¦Ê­Óªí®æ¡A
§A¥i§â¥¦­Ì¤À¬°¥|­Ó¸ê®Æ®w¡A¨C­Ó¦³¤­¤Q­Óªí®æ¡C³o¼Ë¡A§A§â¤u§@¥­§¡¤À°tµ¹
4 ³¡¤À¶}ªº¹q¸£¡C³o¬O¤@­Ó¤ñ¥|³B²z¾¹¹q¸£«K©yªº¤è®×¡C
§A¥i¨Ï¥Î<bf>¡¥¸ó¸ê®Æ®wªº¬d¸ß¡¦</bf>¡B¦b°Ï°ìºôµ¸¨Ï¥Î NFS¡B¬°°ßÅªªí®æ¡¥CREATE 
VIEW¡¦¨Ó§¹¦¨³o¤u§@¡C¨C­Ó³B²z¾¹³£¥i¡u¨£¨ì¡v©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ®w¡A§Y¥þ³¡ 200 
­Óªí®æ¡C¦b¥¼¨Ó¡APostgreSQL ·|¤ä´©<bf>¡¥¸ó¸ê®Æ®wªº¬d¸ß¡¦</bf>¡]¤w¸g¦b TODO 
¦W³æ¡^¡A¦b±N±À¥Xªº 7.1 ª©¥X²{¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¨Ï¥Î¥N¸¹ a¡Bb 
§@ªí®æ¦WºÙ§@ªº¸ó¸ê®Æ®w¬d¸ß·|Ãþ¦ü¡X¡X
<code>
select a.col1, a.col2, b.col4, b.col7
from
    database1.my_tablea a, database2.my_tableb b
where
    a.col1 = b.col3 and
    a.col4 = b.col9;

update my_tablea
set
    col1 =  b.col2
from
    database1.my_tablea a, database2.my_tableb b
where
    a.col4 = b.col9;
</code>
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    ************ End of Section ***************
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<sect1> ½Æ»s (Replication) ¦øªA¾¹
<p>
¬°¤j«¬¥ø·~/°Ó·~¤½¥q¦Ó³]ªº½Æ»s¦øªA¾¹¥Ñ PostgreSQL Inc
§@°Ó·~³c½æ¡C§A¥i¨Ï¥Î½Æ»s¦øªA¾¹¨Ó´£¨Ñ­«ÂÐªº¸ê®Æ¤Î°ª«×¥i±o©Ê
(availability)¡C½Æ»s¦øªA¾¹¬O¤@¥ó½ÆÂø¡B¥ý¶iªº²£«~¡A¦]¦¹»Ý­nª÷¿ú¡C
<!--
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    ************ End of Section ***************
    *******************************************



<chapt>¾Ì¤°»ò¬Û«H PostgreSQL¡H
-->
<sect>¾Ì¤°»ò¬Û«H PostgreSQL¡HRegression ´ú¸Õ®M¥ó¬°¥Î¤á«Ø¥ß«H¤ß
<p>
¦³¿à<it>¡uª«²z¾Ç©w«ß¡v</it>¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H<bf>¬ì¾Ç¦a</bf>ÀËÃÒ PostgreSQL 
¬O§_¯uªº¨Ì±q ISO/ANSI SQL ³W®æ¤u§@¡C¬°¤è«K´ú¸Õ PostgreSQL¡ARegression 
´ú¸Õ®M¥ó¡]src/test/regress¡^¤w¥]§t¦bµo¦æª©¥» (distribution) ¤¤¡A
¥¦®e³\§Aªº¹q¸£ÀËÃÒ¼Ð·Çªº SQL ¾Þ§@¤Î PostgreSQL ªº©µ¦ù¯à¤O¡C
´ú¸Õ®M¥ó¤¤¤w¥]§t¤F¼Æ¦Ê­Ó SQL ´ú¸Õµ{¦¡¡C

§AÀ³¥Î¹q¸£ªº°ª³t¨ÓÅçÃÒ PostgreSQL¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥Î¤H¸£¡C
¹q¸£¥i¥H¤H¸£¤d¸U­¿¬Æ¦Ü¼Æ¥H»õ­¿ªº³t«×¨Ó¶i¦æ Regression 
´ú¸Õ¡C²{¥N¹q¸£¥i¦b«Üµu®É¶¡¤º°õ¦æ¼Æ¤Q»õ­Ó SQL 
´ú¸Õ¡C¦b¤£¤[±N¨Ó¡A¹q¸£·|¤ñ¤H¸£§Ö¼Æ¥H¥ü­¿¡C¦]¦¹¡A
¨Ï¥Î¹q¸£¨Ó´ú¸Õ¹q¸£ªºªí²{¬O¦X²zªº¡C

¦p¦³»Ý­n¡A§A¤]¥i¦Û¦æ¼W¥[´ú¸Õ¡C¦pªG§A»{¬°¥¦·|¹ï¨ä§A¤¬Ápºô¥Î®a¦³À°§U¡A
§A¤]¥i§â¥¦¤W¸ü¨ì PostgreSQL ªº¥Dºô¯¸¡CRegression ´ú¸Õ®M¥óÀ°§U¥Î¤á«Ø¥ß¹ï 
PostgreSQL ªº«H¤ß¤Î«H¥ô¡A¥¦¤]À°§U¥Í²£¨t²Î¨³³t³]¥ß PostgreSQL¡C

Regression ´ú¸Õ®M¥ó¥i³Qµø¬°¶}µo¤H­û»P³Ì²×¥Î¤á¶¡¬Û¤¬¦P·Nªº¤@¥÷<bf>¡§«D±`¦³¤O¡¨</bf>ªº§Þ³N¤å¥ó¡CPostgreSQL ¦b¶}µo¹Lµ{¤Î±À¥X³n¥ó¤§«e¼sªx¨Ï¥Î Regression 
´ú¸Õ®M¥ó¨Ó«OÃÒ½è¯À¡C

PostgreSQL ªº¯à¤O¥iÄy Regression ´ú¸Õ®M¥óª½±µ¤Ï¬M¥X¨Ó¡C¦pªG¤@ºØ¥\¯à¡B
»yªk©Î¯S©Ê¦b Regression ´ú¸Õ¤¤¦s¦b¡A¥¦´N³Q¤ä´©¡A©Ò¦³¨ä¥L¨S¦³¦C¥Xªº PostgreSQL 
´N¥i¯à¤£¤ä´©¡I¡I§A¥i¥H¦Û¦æÅçÃÒ¤Î¥[¤J Regression ´ú¸Õ®M¥ó¤¤¡C

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<chapt> ¸ê®Æ®w«O¦w <label id="security">
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<sect> ¸ê®Æ®w«O¦w <label id="security">
<p>
¸ê®Æ®w«O¦w°ÝÃD»Ý¦b¦h­Ó¤£¦P¼h­±±´°Q¡J
<itemize>
<item> ¸ê®Æ®wÀÉ®×«OÅ@¡C¸ê®Æ®wªº©Ò¦³ÀÉ®×³£¤£²a <it>postgres</it>
¶W¯Å¥Î¤á¥H¥~ªº¥Î¤áÅª¨ú¡C
<item> ¾Ú¹w³]­È¡A±q¥Î¤á³s±µ¨ì¸ê®Æ®w¦øªA¾¹¥u¯à³z¹L¥»¾÷ªº UNIX ´¡®y
(socket)¡A¤£¬O TCP/IP ´¡®y¡C¦øªA¾¹»Ý¥H -i ¿ï¶µ±Ò°Ê¤~¯à®e³\«D¥»¾÷«È¤á³s±µ¡C
<item> «È¤á³s±µ¥i¥H IP ¦a§}©M / ©Î¥ÎªÌ¦WºÙ¥[¥H­­¨î¡A¥u»Ý­×§ï <bf>$PG_DATA</bf>
¤¤ªº <bf>pg_hba.conf</bf> ÀÉ¡C
<item> ¥iÄy¥~³¡®M¥ó»{ÃÒ«È¤á³s±µ¡C
<item> ¨C¦ì Postgres ¥Î¤á³£¦³¤@­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦WºÙ©M¿ï¾Ü©Ê¦a¾Ö¦³¤@­Ó±K½X¡C
¹w³]­È¬O¥Î¤á¨S¦³Åv­­¼g¤J¤£¬O¦Û¤v«Ø¥ßªº¸ê®Æ®w¡C
<item> ¥Î¤á¥i³Q½s°t¨ì¸s²Õ¤¤¡A¯à§_¦s¨ú¤@­Óªí®æ¥i¥H¸s²Õ¯SÅv¨Ó­­¨î¡C 
</itemize>
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<sect1> ¥Î¤á»{ÃÒ 
<p>
»{ÃÒ¬O«áºÝ¦øªA¾¹©M postmaster ½T«O­n¨D¦s¨ú¸ê®Æªº¥Î¤á¬O§_½T¬°¨ä¤Hªº¹Lµ{¡C©Ò¦³±Ò°Ê
Postgres ªº¥ÎªÌ³£»P»{ÃÒ¬O«áºÝ¦øªA¾¹©M postmaster <bf>pg_user</bf>
Ãþ§O¤ñ¸û¡A¥H½T©w¥L­Ì¦³Åv°µ·Q°µªº¤u§@¡C
¦Ó¥ÎªÌ¯u¹ê¨­¤Àªº¿ë§O¤u§@¥H¦h­Ó¤£¦P¤èªk§¹¦¨¡J
<itemize>
<item> <bf>¦b¨Ï¥ÎªÌ shell ¤¤¡J</bf> ¦b¨Ï¥ÎªÌ shell
ª½±µ±Ò°Êªº«áºÝ¦øªA¾¹°O¤U¥ÎªÌªº¡]¦³®Ä¡^¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥N¸¹ (effective 
user-id)¡A¤§«á§@¤@¦¸ <bf>setuid</bf> ¨Ó¤Æ¨­¬° <bf>postgres</bf>¡C
¦³®Ä¨Ï¥ÎªÌÃÑ§O¸¹·|³Q¥Î§@¦s¨ú±±¨îªº°òÂ¦¡C¦A¨S¦³¨ä¥L»{ÃÒ¤u§@¡C
<item> <bf>¨Ó¦Ûºôµ¸¡J</bf> ¦pªG Postgres ¨t²Î¥H¤À´²¦¡¹B¦æ¡A¥ô¦ó¤H³£¥i¦s¨ú
postmaster ¦æµ{ (process) ªº¤¬Ápºô TCP °ð¡C¸ê®Æ®wºÞ²z­û»Ý³]©w <bf>$PGDATA</bf>
¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªº <bf>pg_hda.conf</bf> ÀÉ¡A¨Ó«ü©w¤£¦P¥D¾÷³s±µ¤£¦P¸ê®Æ®w®É©Ò¥Îªº»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡C

½Ð°Ñ¾\ <bf>pg_hba.conf(5)</bf> ¡]man 5 pg_hba.conf¡^
¥H¤F¸Ñ¤£¦P»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡C·íµM¡A®Ú¾Ú¥D¾÷¨Ó¶i¦æ»{ÃÒ¦b Unix
¤]¤£¬O²@µL¯}Þä¡C¦³¨M¤ßªº¤J«IªÌ¤]¥i¥H°°¸Ë¦Û¤v©Ò¥Îªº¥D¾÷¡C³o¨Ç«O¦w°ÝÃD¤£¦b
Postgres ªº±±¨î½d³ò¡C
</itemize>
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<sect1> ¨Ì¾Ú¥D¾÷±±¨î¦s¨ú
<p>
¨Ì¾Ú¥D¾÷±±¨î¦s¨ú§Y PostgreSQL
¥Î©ó¨M©w¤°»ò«È¤á¥i¦s¨ú¸ê®Æ®w©M¥L­Ì¦p¦ó½T»{¨­¥÷ªº¹Lµ{¡C¨C­Ó¸ê®Æ®w³£¦³¤@­Ó¦W¬°
<bf>pg_hba.conf</bf> ªºÀÉ®×¡A¦b¥¦ªº <bf>$PGDATA</bf>
¥Ø¿ý¤¤¡A¥¦±±¨î½Ö¯à¦s¨ú¸ê®Æ®w¡C¨C­Ó¦s¨ú¸ê®Æ®wªº¥Î¤á³£­n¦b <bf>pg_hba.conf</bf>
¤¤¦³¬ÛÀ³ªº¬ö¿ý¡C§_«h©Ò¦³¨Ó¦Û¸Ó«È¤áªº³s±µ³£·|¥H<bf>"User authemtication
failed"</bf> ¿ù»~°T®§³Q©Ú¡C

½Ð°Ñ¾\ <bf>pg_hba.conf(5)</bf> ªº man page¡]man 5 pg_hba.conf¡^¡C

<bf>pg_hba.conf</bf> ÀÉªº°ò¥»®æ¦¡¬O¤@²Õ¬ö¿ý¡A¤@¦æ¤@­Ó¡CªÅ¦æ©Î¥H hash
¦r¥À¡]#¡^¶}©lªº¦æ«h¤£²z·|¡C¤@­Ó¬ö¿ý¥Ñ¤@¨Ç¥ÎªÅ®æ©M / ©Î Tab ¤À¶}ªºÄæ¦ì²Õ¦¨¡C

±q«È¤á¨Óªº³s±µ¥i¸g Unix ´¡®y©Î¤¬Ápºô´¡®y¡]§Y TCP/IP¡^¡C¨Ó¦Û Unix
´¡®yªº³s±µ¥Î¥H¤U®æ¦¡ªº°O¿ý±±¨î¡J
<code>
local database authentication method
</code>
¦Ó

<bf>database</bf> «ü©w¥»¬ö¿ý¥Î©ó­þ­Ó¸ê®Æ®w¡C<bf>all</bf>
¥Nªí¥¦¾A¥Î©ó©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ®w¡C

<bf>authentication method</bf> «ü©w¥Î¤á¦b¨Ï¥Î Unix 
´¡®y®É¥Î¨Ó»{ÃÒªº¤èªk¡C¤£¦Pªº¤èªk®e«á¸Ô­z¡C


¨Ó¦Û¤¬Ápºô´¡®yªº³s±µ¥Î¥H¤U®æ¦¡ªº°O¿ý±±¨î¡J

<code>
host database TCP/IP-address TCP/IP-mask authentication method
</code>

<bf>TCP/IP</bf> ¦a§}·| <it>ÅÞ¿è¤W and'ed</it> ¨ì«ü©wªº TCP/IP ¸n©M«È¤áªº 
TCP/IP ¦a§}¡C¦p¨âªÌ¬Ûµ¥¡A³o¬ö¿ý·|¥Î©ó³o­Ó³s±µ¡C¦pªG¤@­Ó³s±µ²Å¦X¶W¹L¤@­Ó¬ö¿ý¡A
ÀÉ®×¤¤ªº²Ä¤@­Ó¬ö¿ý·|³Q¨Ï¥Î¡C¤£½× TCP/IP ¦a§}ÁÙ¬O TCP/IP 
¸n³£¬O¥H¤ÀÂIªº¤Q¶i¼Æ®æ¦¡ (dotted decimal notation) 
ªí¹F¡C¦pªG¤@­Ó³s±µ©M©Ò¦³¬ö¿ý³£¤£²Å¡Areject »{ÃÒ¤èªk±N·|³Q¨Ï¥Î¡C¡]°Ñ¾\<ref 
id="auth_method" name="»{ÃÒ¤èªk">¡^
<!--
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<sect1> »{ÃÒ¤èªk <label id="auth_method">
<p>
Unix ©M TCP/IP ´¡®y³£¤ä´©¥H¤U»{ÃÒ¤èªk¡J
<itemize>
<item> <bf>trust</bf>
µL±ø¥ó¦a®e³\³s±µ¡C
<item> <bf>reject</bf>
µL±ø¥ó¦a©Úµ´³s±µ¡C
<item> <bf>crypt</bf>
°Ý«È¤áºÝ¥ÎªÌªº±K½X¡C¥¦·|¸g¥[±K¡]¨Ï¥Î crypt(3)¡^©M»P pg_shadow
ªí®æªº±K½X¤ñ¸û¡C¦pªG±K½X¬Û²Å¡A«K®e³\³s±µ¡C
<item> <bf>password</bf>
°Ý«È¤áºÝ¥ÎªÌªº±K½X¡C¥¦·|­ì¸Ë¶Ç°e©M»P pg_shadow
ªí®æªº±K½X¤ñ¸û¡C¦pªG±K½X¬Û²Å¡A«K®e³\³s±µ¡C¤@­Ó¿ï¾Ü©Êªº±K½XÀÉ¥i¦b password
ÃöÁä¦r«á¥X²{¡C³o¼Ë±K½Xªº°t¹ï·|¥Î³oÀÉ®×¡A¦Ó¤£¬O <bf>pg_shadow</bf> ÀÉ®×¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\
<bf>pg_passwd</bf>¡C
</itemize>

¥H¤U»{ÃÒ¤èªk¥u¨ü TCP/IP ´¡®y¤ä´©¡J
<itemize>
<item> <bf>krb4</bf>
¥Î Kerberos V4 ¨Ó»{ÃÒ¥Î¤á¡C
<item> <bf>krb5</bf>
¥Î Kerberos V4 ¨Ó»{ÃÒ¥Î¤á¡C
<item> <bf>ident</bf>
¥Î«È¤áºÝªº ident ¦øªA¾¹¨Ó»{ÃÒ¥Î¤á¡]RFC 1413¡^¡C¦b <bf>ident</bf>
ÃöÁä¦r«áÁÙ¥i¿ï¾Ü©Ê¦a«ü©ú¤@­Ó¬M®g¡AÅý ident ¥Î¤á¦WºÙ¹ïÀ³¨ì Postgres
¥Î¤á¦WºÙ¡C¹ïÀ³ªºÃö«YÀx¦s¦b <bf>$PGDATA/pg_ident.conf</bf> ÀÉ¤¤¡C
</itemize>

³o¸Ì¦³¤@¨Ç¨Ò¤l¡J
<code>
# «H¥ô©Ò¦³¨Ó¦Û Unix ´¡®yªº³s±µ¡C
local   trust
# «H¥ô©Ò¦³³o³¡¹q¸£¸g TCP/IP ¨Óªº³s±µ¡C
host    all 127.0.0.1   255.255.255.255     trust
# §Ú­Ì°Q¹½³o³¡¹q¸£¡C
host    all 192.168.0.10    255.255.255.0       reject
# ³o³¡¹q¸£¤£À´¥[±K¡A©Ò¥H§Ú­Ì­n¯Â¤å¦rªº±K½X¡C
host    all 192.168.0.3 255.255.255.0       password
# ³o¸s¹q¸£ªº¨ä¥L¦¨­û³£­n´£¨Ñ¥[±K¤Fªº±K½X¡C
host    all 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0       crypt
</code>
<!--
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<sect1> ¦s¨ú±±¨î
<p>
Postgres ´£¨Ñ¤F­­¨î¨ä¥L¥Î®a¦s¨ú¦Û¤v¸ê®Æªº¾÷¨î¡C
<itemize>
<item> <bf>¸ê®Æ®w¶W¯Å¥Î®a (Database superusers)</bf>
¸ê®Æ®w¶W¯Å¥Î®a¡]§Y <bf>pg_user.usesuper</bf>
³]©w¬°¹ïªº¥Î®a¡^¦Û°Ê³q¹L¥H¤U¨â¶µ¤§¥~ªº©Ò¦³¦s¨ú±±¨î¡J<bf>pg_user.usecatupd</bf>
¨S¦³³]©w¬°¹ïªº¸Ü¤£­ã¤â°Ê§ó·s¨t²Î¥Ø¿ý¡AºR·´¨t²Î¥Ø¿ý¡]©Î­×§ï¥¦ªººõ¥Ø 
(schema)¡^«h¥Ã¤£­ã³\¡C
<item> <bf>¦s¨ú¯SÅv (Access Privilege)</bf>
¦s¨ú¯SÅv¬O¥Î¨Ó­­¨îÅª¡B¼g©M³]©wÃþ§O (class) ³W«hªºÅv¤O¡A¥Î SQL 
<bf>grant/revoke(1)</bf> ¨Ó¨M©w¡C
<item> <bf>²¾°£Ãþ§O©M­×§ïºõ¥Ø</bf>
·´·À©Î­×§ï²{¦sÃþ§Oªºµ²ºc¡A¦p­×§ï¡B¥á±óªí®æ¡A©M¥á±ó¯Á¤Þ¡A¥u¯à¥ÑÃþ§Oªº¥D¤H°õ¦æ¡C
¦p¤W©Ò­z¡A³oÃþ°Ê§@¤£³\¥Î©ó¨t²Î¥Ø¿ý¡C
</itemize>
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<sect1> ¸g SSH ªº«O¦w TCP/IP ³s±µ
<p>
§A¥i¥Î <bf>ssh</bf> ¨Ó¥[±K«È¤á©M Postgres
¦øªA¾¹¶¡ªººôµ¸³s±µ¡C°µ±o¥¿½Tªº¸Ü¡A³o¼Ë¥i§Î¦¨¤@­Ó«O¦wªººôµ¸³s±µ¡C

<bf>ssh</bf> ªº¤å¥ó´£¨Ñ¤F¤j³¡¥÷¶}©l®É»Ý­nªº¸ê®Æ¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\ <url
url="http://www.heimhardt.de/htdocs/ssh.html"> ¥H¥[²`¤F¸Ñ¡C³v¨B¸ÑÄÀ¥u»Ý¨â¨B¡C

<bf>¸g ssh §Î¦¨¤@±ø«O¦w³q¹D¡J</bf>
³v¨B¸ÑÄÀ¥u»Ý¨â¨B¡C
<itemize>
<item> ²£¥Í¤@±ø¨ì«áºÝ¹q¸£ªº³q¹D¡A¦p¤U¡J
<code>
ssh -L 3333:wit.mcs.anl.gov:5432 postgres@wit.mcs.anl.gov
</code>
<item> <bf>-L</bf>
°Ñ¼Æ«áªº²Ä¤@­Ó¼Æ¦r¡A<bf>33333</bf>¡A¬O§A³o¤è³q¹Dªº°ð¸¹¡C²Ä¤G­Ó¼Æ¦r¡A
<bf>5432</bf>¡A¬O¥t¤@¤èªº²×ÂI¡X«áºÝªº°ð¸¹¡C¨â­Ó°ð¼Æ¤§¶¡ªº¦WºÙ©Î¦a§}ÄÝ©ó¦øªA¾¹¡C
<bf>ssh</bf> ³Ì«á¤@­Ó°Ñ¼Æ¤¤¥Î®a¦Û¦æ¿ï¾Ü¬O§_¥[¤Wªº¥Î¤á¦WºÙ¤]¬O¡C
¨S¦³¥Î¤á¦WºÙªº¸Ü¡A<bf>ssh</bf> ·|¹Á¸Õ¨Ï¥Îµn¤J«È¤áºÝ¹q¸£ªº¥Î¤á¦WºÙ¡C
§A¥i¥Î¥ô¦ó¦øªA¾¹¹q¸£±µ¨üªº¥Î¤á¦WºÙ¡A¤£¤@©w­n¥Î©M PostgreSQL ¦³Ãöªº¡C
<item> §A²{¦b¤w¶}©l¤F¤@­Ó <bf>ssh</bf> ®É¬q¡A§A§â¥i§A©Ò¥Îªº¹q¸£ªº Postgres 
«È¤á³s±µ¨ì§A«e¤@¨B©Ò©wªº°ð¸¹¡C¦p§A¨Ï¥Î 
<bf>psql</bf>¡A§A­n¥t¤@­Ó¤¶­±¡A¦]¬°¤§«e©Ò¥Îªº¤@­Ó¤w³Q <bf>ssh</bf> ¦û¾Ú¡C
<code>
psql -h localhost -p 3333 -d mpw
</code>
<item> ª`·N§A­n¥Î <bf>-h</bf> °Ñ¼Æ¨Ï±o§Aªº«È¤á¥Î TCP ´¡®y¦Ó¤£¬O Unix
´¡®y¡C¦pªG§A¥Î <bf>5432</bf> §@³q¹Dªº²×ÂI§A¥i²¤¥h°ðªº°Ñ¼Æ¡C
</itemize>
<!--
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<sect1> Kerberos »{ÃÒ
<p>
Kerberos ¬O¤@­Ó·~¬É¼Ð·Çªº«O¦w»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡A¾A¥Î©ó¸g¹L¤½¥Îºôµ¸ªº¤À´²¦¡¨t²Î¡C

<bf>¦p¦ó¨ú±o</bf>
Kerberos »{ÃÒ¨t²Î¨Ã¤£ÀH¦P Postgres ´²§G¡C¤£¦Pª©¥»ªº Kerberos
¦h¥H¥i¨Ñ¿ï¾Üªº³n¥óªº§Î¦¡¦Û§@·~¨t²Î¼t°Ó±o¨ì¡C¦¹¥~¡A­ìµ{¦¡½Xªºµo¦æª©¥» 
(distribution) ¥i¦Û MIT Project Athena ±o¨ì¡C

<code>
ª`·N¡J§Y¨Ï§A¨Ï¼t°Ó´£¨Ñ¤F Kerberos¡A§A¤´¥i¯à·Q¥Î MIT 
ª©¡A¦]¬°¤@¨Ç¼t°Óªºª©¥»³Q¬G·N§ËÃa¥H­P¤£¯à©M MIT ª©¥»¦X§@¡C
</code>

¦³Ãö Kerberos ªº¬d¸ß¥i´£¥æ§Aªº¼t°Ó©Î MIT Project Athena¡Cª`·N
FAQLs¡]±`°Ý°ÝÃD¦W³æ¡AFrequently-Asked Questions Lists) ·|³Q©w®É±H¦Ü Kerberos
³q«H½×¾Â¡]±H«H¥h­q¾\¡^¡A©M USENET ·s»D²Õ¡C

<bf>¦w¸Ë¡J</bf>
¦w¸Ë Kerberos ¦b Kerberos Installation Notes ¤¤¤w¸Ô²Ó»¡©ú¡C­n½T©w¦øªA¾¹Áä½XÀÉ
(key file)¡]<bf>srvtab</bf> ©Î <bf>keytab</bf>¡^¥i³Q postgres
¥Î¤áÅª¨ì¡CÄy³]©w <bf>src/Makefile.global</bf> ÀÉªº KRBVERS ÅÜ¼Æ¡APostgres 
©Î¨ä«È¤áµ{¦¡¥i½sÄ¶¬°¨Ï¥Î MIT Kerberos ³q°T¨ó©wªº²Ä¥|©Î¤­ª©¡C§A¤]¥i§ïÅÜ 
Postgres ´Á±æ§ä¨ì¬ÛÃö¨ç¦¡®w¡B¼ÐÀYÀÉ©M¦Û¤vªº¦øªA¾¹Áä½XÀÉªº¦ì¸m¡C½sÄ¶§¹«á¡A
Postgres ­nµn°O¬°¤@­Ó Kerberos ªA°È¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\ Kerberos  Operations Notes ©M¬ÛÃö 
manual pages ¥H¨ú±o¦³Ãöµn°OªA°Èªº¸Ô±¡¡C

<bf>¾Þ§@¡J</bf>
¦w¸Ë¤§«á¡APostgres ¦b¦U¤è­±À³¦p¤@¯ë Kerberos
ªA°È¹B§@¡C­nª¾¹D»{ÃÒªº¨Ï¥Î¤èªk¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <it>PostgreSQL User's Guide</it> ¦³Ãö
<bf>postmaster</bf> ©M <bf>psql</bf> ªº³¹¸`¡C

¦b Kerberos ²Ä¤­ª©±¾³¨
(hooks)¡A¹ï¥Î¤á©MªA°È©R¦W§@¤F¥H¤U°²³]¡]¤]½Ð°Ñ¾\¥H¤Uªí®æ¡^¡C
<itemize>
<item> ¥Î¤áªº¥D­n¦WºÙ (principal names¡Aanames) ²Ä¤@­Ó³¡¥÷¤¤°²³]§t¦³ Unix /
Postgres ¥Î¤á¦WºÙ¡C
<item> Postgres
ªA°È°²³]¦³¨â­Ó³¡¥÷¡AªA°È¦WºÙ©M¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡C«áªÌ¦p¦P²Ä¥|ª©ªº®æ¦¡
¡]§Y°£¥h©Ò¦³°ì¦Wªº³¡¤À¡^¡C
</itemize>

<code>
                ªí®æ¡JKerberos °Ñ¼Æ¨Ò¤l
 ------------------------------------------------------
 °Ñ¼Æ       ¨Ò¤l 
 ------------------------------------------------------
 user       frew@S2K.ORG
 user       aoki/HOST=miyu.S2K.Berkeley.EDU@S2K.ORG
 host       postgres_dbms/ucbvax@S2K.ORG
 ------------------------------------------------------
</code>
<!-- 
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	*************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ******************
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<chapt>PostgreSQL ªº«eºÝ GUI ¤u¨ã¡]¹Ï¹³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¬É­±¡^
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<sect>PostgreSQL ªº«eºÝ GUI ¤u¨ã¡]¹Ï¹³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¬É­±¡^
<p>
ºô­¶ÂsÄý¾¹¦b¥¼¨Ó±N·|¦¨¬°³Ì¬y¦æªº«eºÝ GUI¡C«ØÄ³§A§â©Ò¦³¡u¯ª¶Ç¡vªºµøµ¡ 95/NT
µ{¦¡§ï¼g¬°¦bºô¤W°õ¦æªºµ{¦¡¡C

§A­n¨Ï¥Îºô¤WÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¦øªA¾¹¦p <ref id="Enhydra">¡]¨Ï¥Î Java¡^©Î <ref
id="Zope">¡]¨Ï¥Î Python¡^©Î <ref id="OpenACS">¡C

³Ì¨Îºô¤W©R¥O½Z (script) ½s¼g¡]©Î½sÄ¶¡^»y¨¥¬O <ref id="PHP" name="PHP+Zend 
½sÄ¶¾¹">¡C<bf>PHP</bf> ¥\¯à¤Q¤À±j«l¡A¦]¬°¥¦§â Perl¡BJava¡BC++ ©M Javascript 
ªº¥\¯àµ²¦X¨ì¤@ºØ»y¨¥¤¤¡A¦Ó¥B¥i©ó©Ò¦³§@·~¨t²Î¡XUnixes ©Mµøµ¡ NT/95 °õ¦æ¡C

±Æ¦W¥H³ßÅwªºµ{«×¬°¥ý«á¡A³Ì¨Î¤u¨ã¬°
<itemize>
<item> Enhydra ¦b <ref id="Enhydra"> ¥[¤W Borland Java JBuilder Linux ª© <url
url="http://www.inprise.com">
<item> Zope ¦b <ref id="Zope">
<item> OpenACS ¦b <ref id="OpenACS">
<item> PHP ©R¥O½Z©M Zend ½sÄ¶¾¹ <ref id="PHP" name="PHP+Zend ½sÄ¶¾¹">
<item> X-Designer ¤ä´© C++, Java ©M MFC <url url="http://www.ist.co.uk/xd">
<item> Windows95 ©M Unix ª©ªº QT ¦b <url url="http://www.troll.no"> ©M <url 
url="ftp://ftp.troll.no">
<item> Code Crusader ¦b Linux cdrom ¤¤¡A®Ú¾Ú MetroWorks Code Warrior 
¼g¦¨ªº§K¶O³n¥ó <url 
url="http://www.kaze.stetson.edu/cdevel/code_crusader/about.html">
<item> MetroWorks ªº Code Warrior <url url="http://www.metrowerks.com">
<item> GNU Prof C++ IDE¡A¨Ó¦Û <url url="http://www.redhat.com" name="(Redhat)">
Cygnus <url url="http://www.cygnus.com"> 
<item> Borland C++ Builder Linux ª©<url url="http://www.inprise.com">
<item> Borland Java JBuilder Linux ª©<url url="http://www.inprise.com">
</itemize>

¥H³Ì¨Î¬°¥ýªº»y¨¥¿ï¾Ü¡X
<enum>
<item> Java¡A¦ý¥¦ªºµ{¦¡°õ¦æ±o«ÜºC¡A¦Ó¥B­n±ÂÅv¶O¡CC++ ¤ñ Java <bf>§Ö¤­­¿</bf>¡I¡I
<item> Python¡]±j¤jªºª«¥ó¾É¦V©R¥O½Z»y¨¥¡^¡C
<item> PHP ¸Uºûºô¦øªA¾¹©R¥O½Z¥[¤W HTML¡BDHTML¡BJavascript «È¤áºÝ©R¥O½Z¤Î 
Java-Applet¡C
<item> Perl ©R¥O½Z»y¨¥¨Ï¥Î Perl-Qt ©Î Perl-Tk <ref name="Perl ¸ê®Æ®w¤¶­±" 
id="Perl Database Interface">
<item> Omnipresent ©M Omnipotent »y¨¥ C++ (GNU g++)¡J
	<itemize>
	<item> Fast CGI¡]¥H C++ ¼g¦¨¡^¥[¤W Javascript/Java-Applet §@¬°ºô­¶«eºÝ¤¶­±
	<item> GNU C++ ¥[ QtEZ ©Î QT
	<item> GNU C++ ¥[ Lesstif ©Î Motif¡C
	</itemize>
</enum>

ÁÙ¦³¨ä¥L¤u¨ã¡XPostgreSQL µo¦æª©¥» (distribution) ¤¤¦³¤@­Ó¦W¬°¡¥pgTcl¡¦ªº 
Tcl/Tk ¤¶­±µ{¦¡®w¡CTcl/Tk ¦³¤@­Ó¦W¬° SpecTcl ªººî¦X¶}µoÀô¹Ò¡C

<itemize>
<item> Lesstif Motif ¤u¨ã <url 
url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386/lesstif*.rpm">
<item> Vibe Java/C++ ¦b <url url="http://www.LinuxMall.com/products/00487.html">
<item> JccWarrior <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386/jcc*.rpm">
<item> Tcl/Tk <url url="http://www.scriptics.com">
<item> ¦W¬° INCR ªº Tcl ª«¥ó¾É¦V©µ¦ù <url url="http://www.tcltk.com">
<item> Visual TCL ºô¯¸ <url url="http://www.neuron.com">
<item> Visual TCL Redhat rpm ¦b <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386/visualtcl*.rpm">
<item> <url url="http://sunscript.sun.com/">
<item> <url url="http://sunscript.sun.com/TclTkCore/">
<item> <url url="ftp://ftp.sunlabs.com/pub/tcl/tcl8.0a2.tar.Z">
<item> Java FreeBuilder <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386/free*.rpm">
<item> SpecTCL <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386/spec*.rpm">
<item> PostgreSQL ªº Java RAD ¤u¨ã Kanchenjunga  <url 
url="http://www.man.ac.uk/~whaley/kj/kanch.html">
<item> Applixware ¤u¨ã <url url="http://www.redhat.com">
¡]Ä¶«ö¡JRedhat ¦­¤w°±°â Applix ²£«~¡C¡^
<item> XWPE X Window Programming Environment <url
url="http://www.identicalsoftware.com/xwpe/"> ©Î <url
url="ftp://ftp.rpi.edu/~payned/xwpe">
 <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386/xwpe*.rpm">
<item> XWB X Window Work Bench <url 
url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386/xwb*.rpm">
<item> NEdit <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386/nedit*.rpm">
</itemize>

§A¤]¥i¦bµøµ¡ 95 ¤¤¨Ï¥Î Borland C++ Builder¡BDelphi¡BBorland JBuilder¡B
PowerBuilder ¸g ODBC/JDBC ÅX°Êµ{¦¡³s±µ¨ì unix ¹q¸£ªº PostgreSQL¡C
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<chapt>PostgreSQL ªº¤¶­±ÅX°Êµ{¦¡
-->
<sect>PostgreSQL ªº¤¶­±ÅX°Êµ{¦¡
<p>
<sect1>PostgreSQL ªº ODBC ÅX°Êµ{¦¡
<p>
ODBC ¥Nªí¥Ñ·L³n¨î©wªº¡¥Open DataBase Connectivity¡¦¡C
¥¦¬O±q¤£¦P¼t°Óªº¤£¦P¸ê®Æ®w¦s¨ú¸ê®Æªº¬y¦æ¤¶­±¡C¨Ï¥Î ODBC 
ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¼g¦¨ªº³n¥ó«OÃÒ¥i¥Î©ó¤£¦P¸ê®Æ®w¡A¦p PostgreSQL¡BOracle¡BSybase ©M 
Informix µ¥¡C

<itemize>
<item> <url url="http://www.insightdist.com/psqlodbc" name="PostODBC"> 
¤w¸g¥]¬A¦bµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\¥Dºô­¶ <url url="http://www.postgresql.org">¡C
¥¦¤w¥]¬A¦b PostgreSQL ¥úºÐ¤¤¡C
<item> ¦b <url url="http://www.iodbc.org"> ªº¶}©ñ­ì©l½X ODBC ±M®×¡C
<item> <url url="http://www.openlinksw.com"> Open Link Software Corporation 
°â½æ PostgreSQL ©M¨ä¥L¸ê®Æ®wªº ODBC ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C¦o¤]°e¥X§K¶Oªº ODBC (¦WÃB¦³­­¡^¡C

<item> Insight ªº PostgreSQL ODBC <url 
url="http://www.insightdist.com/psqlodbc"> ³o¬O PostODBC ªº©x¤èºô¯¸¡C
<item> FreeODBC ®M¥ó <url 
url="http://www.ids.net/~bjepson/freeODBC/">¡C³o¬O¤@­Ó§K¶Oªº ODBC¡C
<item> PostgreSQL ªº ODBC 32 Explorer <url url="http://members.nbci.com/anhr"> 
</itemize>
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<sect1>PostgreSQL ªº UDBC ÅX°Êµ{¦¡
<p>
UDBC ¬O¤@ºØ¿W¥ß©óÅX°Êµ{¦¡ºÞ²z­û (driver managers) ©M DLL ¤ä´©ªºÀRºA ODBC 
ª©¥»¡A¥Î¨Óª½±µ§â¸ê®Æ®w³s±µ¯à¤O´O¤J¨ìÀ³¥Î³n¥ó¤¤¡C
<itemize>
<item> <url url="http://www.openlinksw.com"> Open Link Software Corporation 
¥X°â PostgreSQL ©M¨ä¥L¸ê®Æ®wªº UDBC ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡COpen Link ¤]°e¥X§K¶Oªº UDBC 
(¦WÃB¦³­­¡^¡C
</itemize>
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<sect1>PostgreSQL ªº JDBC ÅX°Êµ{¦¡
<p>
JDBC ¥Nªí¡¥Java DataBase Connectivity¡¦¡CJava ¬O¤@ºØª@¶§ (Sun Microsystems) 
©Ò¶}µoªº¿W¥ß©ó¥­¥xªºµ{¦¡»y¨¥¡CJava µ{¦¡³]­p®v³Q¹ªÀy¨Ï¥Î JDBC 
¨Ó¼¶¼g¸ê®Æ®wµ{¦¡¡A¥H¼W±jµ{¦¡¦b¤£¦P¸ê®Æ®w¡A¦p PostgreSQL¡BOracle¡BInformix 
µ¥¤§¶¡ªº²¾´Ó¯à¤O¡C¦pªG§A¼g Java µ{¦¡¡A§A¥i¦b¥H¤Uºô¯¸¨ú±o PostgreSQL ªº JDBC 
ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C

JDBC ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤w¥]¬A¦b PostgreSQL µo¦æª©¥»ªº postgresql-jdbc*.rpm ®M¥ó¤¤¡C

<itemize>
<item> <url url="http://www.demon.co.uk/finder/postgres/index.html"> ª@¶§ 
Java ªº PostgreSQL ³s±µ
<item> <url url="ftp://ftp.ai.mit.edu/people/rst/rst-jdbc.tar.gz">
<item> <url url="http://www.openlinksw.com"> Open Link Software Corporation 
¥X°â PostgreSQL ©M¨ä¥L¸ê®Æ®wªº JDBC ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡COpen Link ¤]°e¥X§K¶Oªº JDBC 
(¦WÃB¦³­­¡^¡C
<item> JDBC ­^°êºô¯¸ <url url="http://www.retep.org.uk/postgres">
<item> JDBC FAQ ºô¯¸ <url url="http://eagle.eku.edu/tools/jdbc/faq.html">
</itemize>

JDBC ªººô­¶¡B¾É¤Þ©M FAQ ¦b¡J
<itemize>
<item> JDBC HOME <url url="http://splash.javasoft.com/jdbc">
<item> JDBC ¾É¤Þ <url 
url="http://www.javasoft.com/products/jdk/1.1/docs/guide/jdbc">
<item> JDBC FAQ <url url="http://javanese.yoyoweb.com/JDBC/FAQ.txt">
</itemize>
½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="Testing Java" name="´ú¸Õ Java ¤¶­±"> ¤@¸`¡C
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<sect1>PostgreSQL ªº Java
<p>
Java µ{¦¡³]­p®v·|Ä±±o³o¨Ç¹ï¥L­Ì«Ü¦³¥Î¡C
<itemize>
<item> <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386"> ¬Ý 
postgresql-jdbc-*.rpm
<item> <url url="http://www.blackdown.org">
</itemize>
½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="Testing Java" name="´ú¸Õ Java ¤¶­±"> ¤@¸`¡C
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<chapt> PostgreSQL ªº Perl ¸ê®Æ®w¤¶­± (Database Interface, DBI) <label id="Perl Database Interface">
-->
<sect> PostgreSQL ªº Perl ¸ê®Æ®w¤¶­± (Database Interface, DBI) <label id="Perl Database Interface">
<p>
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<sect1>PostgreSQL ªº PERL ¤¶­±
<p>
PERL ¬O¡¥Practical Exptraction and Report Language¡¦ªºÂ²¼g¡C
¥@¤W©Ò¦³³nµw¥ó¥­¥x³£¥i¨Ï¥Î Perl¡C§A©Ò¦bµøµ¡ 95/NT¡BÄ«ªG³Áª÷¶ð iMac¡B©Ò¦³ 
Unix ¡]Solaris¡BHPUX¡BAIX¡BLinux¡BIrix¡BSCO µ¥µ¥¡^¡B¤j«¬¹q¸£ MVS¡B®à­±ªº 
OS/2¡BOS/400¡BAmdahl UTS ©M¨ä¥L«Ü¦h¹q¸£¡CPerl 
<bf>¬Æ¦Ü</bf>¥i¦b«Ü¦h¤£¬y¦æ©M¤£¬°¤Hª¾ªº¾Þ§@¨t²Î©Mµw¥ó°õ¦æ¡I¡I©Ò¥H¡A¦b¬Ý¨ì 
Perl ¦b¤@­Ó¨u¨£ªº¾Þ§@¨t²Î¤W°õ¦æ®É¡A¤£¥²¤jÅå¤p©Ç¡C§A¥i¥H·Q¹³¨ì Perl 
ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©M¶}µo¤H­ûªº¼Æ¶q¡C©M¡§C¡¨»y¨¥¬Û¦ü¡APerl 
¤w¦³«Üªø¹Ø©R¡A¦Ó¦b<bf>¥¼¨Ó¼Æ¤d¦~</bf>¤´¤j¦æ¨ä¹D¡IPerl ªº°õ¦æ³t«×¤ñ Java 
§Ö<bf>¤Q­¿</bf>¡A¦³®É¬Æ¦Ü¤ñ¡§C¡¨§Ö¡CJava 
¬O¤@­Ó«D±`½ÆÂøªº¨t²Î¡A¬J¦³µêÀÀ¾÷¾¹¡A¤S¦³ª½Ä¶¾¹¡A¨Ï±o¥¦«D±`½wºC¡B¤£Ã­©w©M¤£¥i¾a¡C
Perl «hÂ²¼ä¡B§Ö³t¡A§ó¬Oª«¥ó¾É¦V¡C

PostgreSQL ªº Perl ¤¶­±¤w¥]¬A¦b PostgreSQL ªº¦w¸Ë®M¥ó¤¤¡C½Ð°Ñ¬Ý 
src/pgsql_perl5 ¥Ø¿ý¡C
<itemize>
<item> Pgsql_perl5 ¹q¶lÁpµ¸¦a§}¡J
       <htmlurl url="mailto:E.Mergl@bawue.de"
             name="E.Mergl@bawue.de">
<item> Perl ºô­¶ <url url ="http://www.perl.com/perl/index.html">
<item> Perl ¾É¤Þ¡A½Ð¦b <url url="http://reference.perl.com/"> °Ñ¬Ý¾É¤Þ¥Ø¿ý
<item> Perl FAQ ¦b <url 
url="http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Programming_Languages/Perl/">
<item> ±q <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/CPAN"> ¨ú±o©Ò¦³ 
Perl ¼Ò²Õ¤§¥À¡A¥´¤U¡¥/usr/bin/cpan¡¦¡B¡¥man CPAN¡¦©M¼Æ¥H¤d­pªº¼Ò²Õ <url
url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module">¡C
<item> Perl GUI ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤¶­± Perl-Qt rpm¡J<url 
url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386"> 
¤]½Ð¬Ý PerlQt-1.06-1.i386.rpm
<item> Perl GUI ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤¶­± Perl-Qt¡J<url 
url ="http://www.accessone.com/~jql/perlqt.html">
<item> Perl GUI ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤¶­± Perl-XForms¡J<url 
url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386">¡A´M§ä Xforms4Perl-0.8.4-1.i386.rpm
<item> Perl GUI ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤¶­± Perl-Tk¡J<url 
url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/i386">
<item> Perl GUI kits¡J<url url="http://reference.perl.com/query.cgi?ui">
<item> Perl ¸ê®Æ®w¤¶­±¡J<url url="http://reference.perl.com/query.cgi?database">
<item> Perl ¨ì "C" ªºÂ½Ä¶¤u¨ã¡J<url 
url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module/B/">
´M§ä Compiler-a3.tar.gz
<item> §â Perl ½sÄ¶¬°¥i°õ¦æÀÉ¡CPerl2Exe ¬O¤@­Ó¥i§â perl
©R¥O½ZÂà¬°¥i°õ¦æÀÉªºªº«ü¥O¦C¤u¨ã¡C<url 
url="http://www.indigostar.com/perl2exe.htm">
<item> Bourne shell ¨ì Perl ªºÂ½Ä¶¤u¨ã¡J<url 
url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN/authors/id/MERLYN/sh2perl-0.02.tar.gz">
<item> awk Âà¬° perl ªº a2p ©M sed Âà¬° perl ªº s2p ¤w¥]¬A¦b PERL ´²§G¤¤¡C
<item> ¤]½Ð¬Ý comp.lang.perl.* µ¥¦³Ãö PERL ªº·s»D²Õ
</itemize>
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<sect1> Perl ¸ê®Æ®w¤¶­± DBI
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<sect2> ¦ó¿× DBI¡H
<p>
Perl ¸ê®Æ®w¤¶­±¡]DBI¡^¬O Perl »y¨¥ªº¤@­Ó¸ê®Æ®w¦s¨úÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¤¶­±¡]API¡^¡CPerl DBI
API ³W®æ©w¸q¤F¤@²Õ¨ç¼Æ¡BÅÜ¼Æ©MºD¨Ò¡A¥H´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó¤@­P¦Ó¿W¥ß©ó¹ê»Ú©Ò¥Î¸ê®Æ®wªº¤¶­±¡C
¸ê®Æ®wÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡]Perl DBI¡^ªºµo°_¤H¬°¤@©w¼Æ¶qªº°Ó·~¸ê®Æ®w¤ÞÀº¨î©w¼Ð·Ç¡A
©Ò¥H§A¥u»Ýªá«Ü¤Ö¤u¤Ò«K¥i±q Oracle Âà¨ì PostgreSQL¡C
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<sect2> PostgreSQL ªº DBD ÅX°Êµ{¦¡
<p>
¦b§A¦w¸Ë DBD PostgreSQL ¡]ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡^«e¡A§A­n¥ý¦w¸Ë DBI¡A±q¥H¤U¦a¤è¨ú±o DBI
ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡J
<itemize>
<item> ¥ý±q <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/CPAN"> 
¨ú±o©Ò¦³ Perl ¼Ò²Õ¤§¥À¡A¥´¡¥/usr/bin/cpan¡¦¡B¡¥man CPAN¡¦©M¼Æ¥H¤d­pªº¼Ò²Õ <url
url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module">¡C
<item> DBI ¼Ò²Õ <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module/DBI">
<item> DBI ¼Ò²Õ <url url="http://www.symbolstone.org/technology/perl/DBI">
<item> DBI FAQ <url 
url="http://www.symbolstone.org/technology/perl/DBI/doc/faq.html">
<item> Perl DBI ªº°Ñ¦Ò¤å¥ó <url 
url="http://www.symbolstone.org/technology/perl/DBI">
<item> DBI ³q«H½×¾Â <url url="http://www.fugue.com/dbi">
<item> Perl ¸ê®Æ®w°Ñ¦Ò¤å¥ó <url 
url="http://www.perl.com/reference/query.cgi?section=database">
<item> ¤U¸ü DBI rpm ¡]ª`·N¡J¥i¯à¬OÂÂª©¡^<url 
url="http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=DBI">
</itemize>

¦b¦¹¨ú±o DBD-Pg
<itemize>
<item> ¥ý±q <url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/CPAN"> 
¨ú±o©Ò¦³ Perl ¼Ò²Õ¤§¥À¡A¥´¡¥/usr/bin/cpan¡¦¡B¡¥man CPAN¡¦©M¼Æ¥H¤d­pªº¼Ò²Õ <url
url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module">¡C
<item> DBD ¼Ò²Õ <url
url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module/DBD">¡A§ä DBD-pg ÀÉ©Î
<url url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/DBD" name="DBD">¡C
<item> Comprehensive Perl Archive Network CPAN <url 
url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN"> ¦b³o³B¿ï¡¥Database¡¦¡]¦b Search ²°¤l¤W¤è¡^¡A
À»¿ï¡¥Go¡¦«ö¶s¡C
<item> ¹w¥ý½sÄ¶¤Fªºµøµ¡ NT/2000 ®M¥ó¥i¦b <url
url="http://www.edmund-mergl.de/export/DBD-Pg.zip"> ±o¨ì
<item> ¤U¸ü DBD rpm ¡]ª`·N¡J¥i¯à¬OÂÂª©¡^<url url="http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=DBD">
<item> Perl ¼Ò²Õ¡]¼Æ¥H¤d­p¡^<url
url="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module">¡C
</itemize>
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<sect2>DBI ªº§Þ³N¤ä´©
<p>

<itemize>
<item> ½Ð±N·N¨£©Î¿ù»~³ø§i³s¦P perl -v ©M perl -V ªº¿é¥X¡BPostgreSQL 
ªºª©¥»¡BDBD-pg ªºª©¥»¡BDBI ªºª©¥»±H¦Ü
<htmlurl url="mailto:E.Mergl@bawue.de"
             name="E.Mergl@bawue.de">
</itemize>
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<sect2> DBI ¤å¥ó
<p>
³o¸Ì¦³¤@¨Ç DBI ªº¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡C

<bf>POD ¤å¥ó¡J</bf> POD ¬O´O¤J¨ì perl µ{¦¡¤¤¥Î¥H¡§§Y³õ¡¨¸ÑÄÀµ{¦¡½Xªº¤@¬q¤å¥ó¡A
¥Î¥Hµ¹µ{¦¡³]­p®v©M¼Ò²Õªº¥Î®a´£¨Ñ¦³¥Îªº¸ê®Æ¡CDBI ©MÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº POD 
¥¿¶V¨Ó¶V¬y¦æ¡A­n¾\Åª¦³Ãö¤å¥ó¡A½Ð¨Ï¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O¡C

<code>
DBI ³W®æªº PO ¥i¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O¾\Åª
	$ perldoc DBI

¨Ï¥Îµ²¦X¨ì DBD::Oracle ªº Oraperl ¼ÒÀÀ¼hªº¤H¥i¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O¾\Åª¦p¦ó¥Î Oraperl 
¤¶­±½s¼gµ{¦¡¡J
	$ perldoc Oraperl

DBD::mSQL ¼Ò²Õªº¥Î®a¥iÄy¥H¤U«ü¥O¾\Åª¤@¨Ç¸ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº¿W®a¨ç¼Æ (private 
functions) ©M¯S²§¥\¯àªº¸ê®Æ¡J
	$ perldoc DBD::mSQL

POD ¤å¥ó¤¤¤]¥]§t±`¨£°ÝÃD¡C­n¾\Åªªº¸Ü½Ð¿é¤J¡J
	$ perldoc DBI::FAQ

POD ªº¤@¯ë¸ê®Æ¡X¦p¦ó¼¶¼g POD¡A¤Î¾ãÅéªº POD ­õ¾Ç¡A¥iÄy¥H¤U«ü¥O¾\Åª¡J
	$ perldoc perlpod
</code>
¦w¸Ë¤F Tk ¼Ò²Õªº¥Î®a¥i¯à·|¹ï¤@­Ó¦W¬° tkpod¡A¨Ï¥Î Tk ªº POD ¾\Åª¾¹¦³¿³½ì¡C¥¦·|§â 
POD ½s±Æ¨ì¤@­Ó¤è«K¤Î¥i¾\Åªªº§Î¦¡¡C

¤]½Ð¬Ý¬Ý
<itemize>
<item> ¨Ó¦Û DBI ªº³q«H½×¾Âªº¸ê®Æ  <url 
url="http://www.symbolstone.org/technology/perl/DBI/tidbits">
<item> DBI Perl Journal ºô­¶ <url url="http://www.tpj.com">
<item>¡§DBperl¡¨³o¤å³¹¦b¤@¤E¤E¤»¦~¤Q¤@¤ëªº¡§Dr. Dobbs Journal¡¨µoªí¡C
<item>¡§The Perl5 Database Interface¡¨¡A¤@¥»¥Ñ Alligator Descartes ¼g¦¨¡A¥Ñ 
O'Reilly and Associates ¥Xª©ªº®Ñ¡C
</itemize>

¥Î®a¥i¯à°Ñ¥[ªº³q«H½×¾Â¬°¡J
<itemize>
<item> ³q«H½×¾Â <url url="http://www.fugue.com/dbi">
<item> <bf>dbi-announce</bf>
¹q¶l¦Ü <htmlurl url="mailto:dbi-announce-request@fugue.com"
		       name="dbi-announce-request@fugue.com">
¥H 'subscribe' ¬°¥¿¤å¤º®e
<item> <bf>dbi-dev</bf>
¶}µo¤H­û±M¥Î
Email: <htmlurl url="mailto:dbi-dev-request@fugue.com"
		       name="dbi-dev-request@fugue.com">
¥H 'subscribe' ¬°¥¿¤å¤º®e

<item> <bf>dbi-users</bf> ¤@¯ë°Q½×
Email: <htmlurl url="mailto:dbi-users-request@fugue.com"
		       name="dbi-users-request@fugue.com">
¥H 'subscribe' ¬°¥¿¤å¤º®e
<item> ¬ü°ê³q«H¦s®w <url 
url="http://outside.organic.com/mail-archives/dbi-users/">
<item> ¼Ú¬w³q«H¦s®w <url 
url="http://www.rosat.mpe-garching.mpg.de/mailing-lists/PerlDB-Interest">
</itemize>
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<sect2>µøµ¡ 95/NT ¦³¨S¦³ DBI ¤ä´©¡H
<p>
DBI ©M DBD::Oracle ªº Win32 ª©¥»¤w¦¨¬° DBI ªº¼Ð·Ç³¡¤À¡C¦]¦¹¡A¤ñ DBI 0.81 
°ªªºª©¥»À³¸Ó·|¥¿±`¹B§@¡C³z¹L ODBC¡A§A¥i¥H¦s¨ú·L³n Access ©M SQL-Server 
¸ê®Æ®w¡C¦b DBI-0.79¡]¤Î¥H«á¡^¦³¤@­Ó Win32::ODBC DBI ¼ÒÀÀ¼h¡C¥¦¦W¬° 
DBI::W32ODBC¡C§A»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î Win32::odbc ¼Ò²Õ¡C
<itemize>
<item> Win32 DBI <url url="http://www.symbolstone.org/technology/perl/DBI">
<item> Win32 ODBC <url url="http://www.roth.net">
<item> ·L³n SQL server ªº Perl ¤¶­± <url 
url="http://www.algonet.se/~sommar/mssql">
</itemize>
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<sect2>°Ó·~¤ä´©¤Î°V½m
<p>
<bf>PERL CLINIC : </bf>
	Perl Clinic ¥H¦X¬ù§Î¦¡¬° Perl¡BDBI¡BDBD::Oracle ©M Oraperl 
	´£¨Ñ°Ó·~¤ä´©¡C³o¨Ç¤ä´©¬O¥Ñ DBI §@ªÌ Tim Bunce 
	¤u§@ªº¤½¥q´£¨Ñªº¡C±ýª¾¸Ô±¡¡A½Ð¬Ý¡J
<itemize>
<item> ¤ä´© <url url="http://www.perlclinic.com">
<item> ¤ä´© <url url="http://www.perldirect.com">
<item> °ö°V <url url="http://www.westlake.com/training">
</itemize>
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<sect1>´ú¸Õ Perl ¤¶­±
<p>
½Ð°Ñ¾\<ref id="Testing Perl" name="´ú¸Õ Perl¡XPostgreSQL ¤¶­±">¤@¸`
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<chapt> PostgreSQL ºÞ²z¤u¨ã
-->
<sect> PostgreSQL ºÞ²z¤u¨ã
<p>
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<sect1> PGACCESS - ºÞ²z PostgreSQL ªº GUI ¤u¨ã
<p>
PgAccess ¬O PostgreSQL ªº Tcl/Tk ¤¶­±¡C¥¦¤w¸g¥]¬A¦b PostgreSQL 
ªºµo¦æ®M¥ó¤¤¡C§A¥i¯à·Q±q³oºô­¶§ä¥X¥¦¦³¨S¦³·sª©¥»¡J
<itemize>
<item> <url url="http://www.flex.ro/pgaccess">
<item> ¦p¦³¥ô¦ó·N¨£¡B§ï¨}ªº«ØÄ³¡A¹q¶l¡J
       <htmlurl url="mailto:teo@flex.ro"
		name="teo@flex.ro">
</itemize>
pgaccess ªº¥Îªk
<code>
# man xhost
# xhost +
# su - postgres
bash$ man pgaccess
bash$ export DISPLAY=<¥D¾÷¦W>:0.0
bash$ pgaccess mydatabase
</code>

PgAccess ªº¯S¦â

PgAccess µøµ¡¡XMain window, Table builder,
Table(query) view, Visual query builder.

Tables
<itemize>
<item>¶}±Òªí®æ (tables) ¬d¾\¡A³Ì¦h¤G¦Ê­Ó¬ö¿ý¡]¥i¦b perferences µæ³æ§ó§ï¡^
<item>Äy©ì¦²««ª½®æ½u (grid line) ­«¾ã¤j¤p¡]¦b¦CªíªÅ¶¡ (table space) 
¶i¦æ¤ñ¦b¦Cªí¥Ø¿ý (table header) ¦n¡^
<item>³æ®æ¤¤¦Û°Ê´«¦æ¡X¨C­Óªí®æªº°t¸m¿W¥ßÀx¦s
<item>¶×¤J/¶×¥X¨ä¥LÀÉ®×®æ¦¡¡]SDF¡BCSV¡^
<item>¹LÂo¥\¯à¡]¿é¤J¦p price>3.14 ªº¹LÂo¾¹¡^
<item>±Æ§Ç¥\¯à¡]¦Û¦æ¿é¤J»Ý±Æ§ÇªºÄæ¦ì¡^
<item>§Y³õ½s¿è
<item>§ï¨}¤Fªºªí®æ²£¥Í§U²z (table generator assistant)
<item>§ï¨}¤FªºÄæ¦ì½s¿è
</itemize>

Queries
<itemize>
<item>©w¸q¡B½s¿è©MÀx¦s¡§¥Î®a©w¸q¬d¸ß¡¨(user defined queries)
<item>§â¬d¸ßÀx¦s§@¬°´ºÆ[ (views)
<item>¬d¸ßªº°õ¦æ
<item>Æ[¬Ý select §Î¦¡ªº¬d¸ßµ²ªG
<item>§R°£©M§ó§ï¬d¸ß¦WºÙ
<item>¨ã©ì¦²©M©ñ¤U¥\¯àªº Visual query builder¡C¦pªG§A¦³¦w¸Ë Netscape 
Navigator ªº Tcl/Tk ´¡¥ó¡A§A¥i¦b¦¹¬Ý¨ì¥¦¤u§@¡J
¡]Ä¶«ö¡J¤£ª¾¦b­þ¡H¡I¡^
</itemize>

§Ç¦C (sequence)
<itemize>
<item>©w¸q¡B§R°£©MÀË¬d§Ç¦C
</itemize>

¨ç¼Æ (Function)
<itemize>
<item>¨Ï¥Î SQL »y¨¥©w¸q¡BÀË¬d©M§R°£¨ç¼Æ
</itemize>

±N¨ÓÁÙ·|¦³¥H¤U§ï¶i
<itemize>
<item>ªí®æ³]­p¡]¼W¥[Äæ¦ì¡B§ó¦Wµ¥µ¥¡^
<item>¨ç¼Æ©w¸q
<item>³ø§i²£¥Í¾¹
<item>°ò¥»ªº©R¥O½Z½s¼g¥\¯à
</itemize>


¦³Ãö LIBGTCL ªº¸ê®Æ

§A·|¥Î¨ì PostgreSQL ¨ì Tcl ªº¤¶­±µ{¦¡®w libpgtcl¡A©Ò¿×ªº Tcl/Tk 
¥i¡¥¸ü¤J¡¦¼Ò²Õ¡Clibpgtcl ©M­ì©l½X¦ì©ó PostgreSQL ªº /src/interfaces/libpgtcl 
¥Ø¿ý¡C¯S©w¨Ó»¡¡A§A»Ý­n¤@­Ó¥i¦b Tcl/Tk¡¥¸ü¤J¡¦ªº libpgtcl 
µ{¦¡®w¡C§Þ³N¤W¨Ó»¡¡A¥¦©M´¶³qªº PostgreSQL ¥i¸ü¤J¥ØªºÀÉ¨Ã¤£¬Û¦P¡A¦]¬° libpgtcl 
¬O¤@°ï¥ØªºÀÉ (object files) ªº¶°¦X¡C³oÀÉ®×¦b Linux ¦W¬° 
libpgtcl.so¡C§A¥i¦b¥H¤Wºô§}¤U¸ü¤@­Ó¬° Linux i386 
¨t²Î¹w¥ý½sÄ¶¤Fªºª©¥»¡C¥u»Ý§â³oÀÉ®×«þ¨©¨ì¨t²Îµ{¦¡®w¥Ø¿ý¡]/usr/lib¡^
§Y¥i¡C¦p¦³ºÃÃø¡A¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¬O§R°£­ì©l½X¤¤¦³Ãö¸ü¤J libpgtcl.so 
ªº¤@¥y©M¨Ï¥Î pgwish¡]©Î wishpg¡^¨Ó¸ü¤J pgaccess.tcl¡A¦Ó«D wish¡A¦]¬°³o wish 
¤wÃìµ² libpgtcl ¨ç¦¡®w¡C

¦pªG§A¦b½sÄ¶ pgaccess ¥Ø¿ý®É¹J¨ì crypt not found ªº°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¨Ï¥Î -lcrypt¡C
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<sect1> PostgreSQL ¹Ï«¬¤¶­±¬d¸ß¤u¨ã GtkSQL 
<p>
GtkSQL ¬O¤@­Ó¹Ï«¬¤¶­±¬d¸ß¤u¨ã¡]¹³ PostgreSQL ªº psql¡^¡C¥¦¥H GNU GPL 
µo¦æ¡C¨Ï¥Î Gtk+ 1.2.3 ©M PostgreSQL 6.3 ¶}µo¦Ó¦¨¡C

GtkSQL ªº¥Dºô¯¸¬° <url url="http://gtksql.sourceforge.net">¡C

¥¦ªº¥D­n¯S¦â¥]¬A¡J
<enum>
<item> ¦h­Ó SQL ¼È¦s°Ï
<item> SQL ÃöÁä¦r¡Bªí®æ¦WºÙ©MÄæ¦ì¦Û°Ê§¹¦¨
<item> Â²©öÅã¥Üªí®æ©w¸q
<item> PostgreSQL ©M MySQL ¤ä´©¡]¦Ó¥B®e©ö¥[¤W¨ä¥L¸ê®Æ®w¡^
</enum>
GtkSQL ¥Ø«eªºª©¥»¬° v. 0.3¡C§A¥i¦b
<url url="https://sourceforge.net/project/?form_grp=533"> ¤U¸ü­ì©l½X¡C
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<sect1> µøµ¡¤¤ªº PostgreSQL ¤¬°Ê¦¡¬d¸ß¤u¨ã¡]WISQL ©Î MPSQL¡^
<p>
MPSQL ´£¨Ñµ¹¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤@­Ó¹Ï¹³ SQL ¤¶­±±±¨î PostgreSQL¡CMPSQL »P Oracle ªº SQL 
Worksheet ©Î·L³n SQL Server ªº¬d¸ß¤u¨ã WISQL Ãþ¦ü¡C¥¦¦³¤@­Óº}«Gªº GUI 
©M«ü¥O°O¿ý¡C§A¤]¥i¥H°Å¤U¤Î¶K¤W¡C¥¦ÁÙ¦³¨ä¥L¦³§U´£°ª¥Í²£¤Oªº¥\¯à¡C
<itemize>
<item> <url url="http://www.troubador.com/~keidav/index.html">
<item> ¹q¶l¡J
       <htmlurl url="mailto:keidav@whidbey.com"
             name="keidav@whidbey.com">
<item> <url url="http://www.ucolick.org/~de/"> ¦b tcl_syb/wisql.html ÀÉ¤¤
<item> <url url="http://www.troubador.com/~keidav/index.html">
<item> ¹q¶l¡J
       <htmlurl url="mailto:de@ucolick.org"
             name="de@ucolick.org">
</itemize>
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<sect1>¦W¬° PSQL ªº PostgreSQL ¤¬°Ê¦¡¬d¸ß¤u¨ã¡]ISQL¡^
<p>
ISQL ¬O¨Ñ¤å¦r«ü¥O¦æ²×ºÝ¾÷¨Ï¥Îªº¡C³o¤w¥]¬A¦bµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡A¦W¬° psql¡C©M Sybase 
ISQL¡BOracle SQLplus ¤Q¤À¬Û¦ü¡C¦b Unix «ü¥O´£¥Ü¿é¤J¡¥psql¡¦·|¥X²{ psql&gt ´£¥Ü¡C
<tscreen><verb>
bash# su - postgres
bash$ man psql
bash$ psql mydatabase
¥´ \h ¥H¾\Åª«ü¥Oªº¨D§U°T®§
</verb></tscreen>
«D±`¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Íµ½©M©ö¥Î¡C
¥i¦b¥~®Ø©R¥O½Z (shell script) ¤¤¨Ï¥Î¡C
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<sect1> MPMGR¡XPostgreSQL ªº¸ê®Æ®wºÞ²z¤u¨ã
<p> 
MPMGR ¬° PostgreSQL ¬O¨Ñ¤@­Ó¹Ï¹³ºÞ²z¤¶­±¡C§A¥i¦b¥H¤U¦a¤è§ä¨ì¥¦¡J
<itemize> 
<item> <url url="http://www.mutinybaysoftware.com/">
<item> Email:
       <htmlurl url="mailto:keidav@mutinybaysoftware.com"
             name="keidav@mutinybaysoftware.com">
<item> <url url="http://www.troubador.com/~keidav/index.html"> 
<item> ¹q¶l¡J
       <htmlurl url="mailto:keidav@whidbey.com" 
             name="keidav@whidbey.com"> 
<item> <url url="http://www.ucolick.org/~de"> in file tcl_syb/wisql.html 
<item> PostgreSQL ªº WISQL<url url="http://www.ucolick.org/~de/Tcl/pictures"> 
<item>¹q¶l¡J
       <htmlurl url="mailto:de@ucolick.org" 
             name="de@ucolick.org"> 
</itemize>
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<sect1> PgAdmin¡BPhpPgAdmin ¤u¨ã
<p>
<itemize>
<item> µøµ¡ 95/NT ªº PgAdmin ¤u¨ã
µøµ¡ 95/NT ªº PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w³]­p¤u¨ã
<url url="http://www.pgadmin.freeserve.co.uk">
<item> ºô¤W¹B§@ªººÞ²z¤u¨ã¡XPostgreSQL ¥Îªº PhpPgAdmin ¦b
<url url="http://www.phpwizard.net/projects/phpPgAdmin">
</itemize>
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<sect1> PgBash - SQL shell ¤u¨ã
<p>
PgBash ªº¥\¯àÃþ¦ü psql¡C¦Ó¥B¡APgBash ¨Ï¥Î bash ªº¥N¸¹ 
(alias)¡B¨ç¼Æ¡B¾ú¥v½s¿è³Ð³y¥X¤@­ÓÆF¬¡ªº¤¬°Ê¾Þ§@Àô¹Ò¡A´£¨Ñ¦³¥Îªº¥\¯à¡C

PgBash ªº¥Dºô­¶¦b <url 
url="http://www.psn.co.jp/PostgreSQL/pgbash/index-e.html">

PgBash ¬O¤@­Ó¥]¬A PostgreSQL¡§ª½±µ SQL¡¨©Î¡§´O¤J¦¡ SQL¡¨ ("direct SQL" or the 
"embedded SQL") ¤¶­±ªº shell¡AÄy§ï¨} bash¡]¥Ø«e³Ì·sª©¬° 2.03¡^shell 
¦Ó¨Ó¡CPgBash ¥i¥Î§@µn¤J shell¡Bsub-shell¡]±q shell ±Ò°Êªº shell) ©M shell µ{¦¡¡C

¦b¦¹¡Aª½±µ SQL ¦³§âµ²ªGª½±µ¿é¥X¨ì¼Ð·Ç¿é¥Xªº¯à¤O¡C¦Ó´O¤J¦¡ SQL
¦³§â´£¨ú¥X¨Óªºµ²ªG³]©w¨ì shell ÅÜ¼Æªº¯à¤O¡C¥¦­Ì«h¦A¸g shell ©R¥O½Z (script) 
»y¨¥³B²z¡C

SQL »y¥y¡]¥H¤À¼Æ§@µ²§ô¦r§¹¡^³Q·í§@¤@­Ó shell «ü¥O³B²z¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H°õ¦æ SQL
»y¥y¨Ã¥Î©óºÞ¹D (pipeline)¡B§ï¦V©M­I´º¤u§@¿ï¶µ¡C¦¹¥~¡A¨Ï¥Î exec_sql
«ü¥O¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥Î¤£¦Pªº¿ï¶µ¨Ó°õ¦æ SQL »y¥y¡C¹ê»Ú°õ¦æ SQL ªº¨Ò¤l¦p¤U¡C
<code>
prompt> /usr/local/bin/pgbash                ¡K¡K±Ò°Ê pgbash
pgbash> connect to db2@xxx.com user sakaida; ¡K¡K³s±µ¨ì¸ê®Æ®w
pgbash> select * from test limit 100; | more ¡K¡K¨Ï¥ÎºÞ¹D
pgbash> select * from test; > /tmp/sel.dat & ¡K¡K¨Ï¥Î§ï¦V©M­I´º¤u§@
pgbash> addr='Osaka'
pgbash> insert into test values(
>  111,'name',                               ¡K¡K¥i¥H´«¦æ
> '$addr'                                    ¡K¡K¨Ï¥Î shell ÅÜ¼Æ
> );
pgbash> connect to db3@yyy.com user postgres;
pgbash> set connection db2;                  ¡K¡K§â¥Ø«eªº¸ê®Æ®w§ï¬° db2
pgbash> select * from test;                  ¡K¡K¦Û db2 ªº test ªí®æ¿ï¾Ü
pgbash> exec_sql -d db3 "select * from test3"¡K¡K³s±µ¨ì db3
pgbash> ls
pgbash> begin;
pgbash> declare cur cursor for select * from test;
pgbash> fetch in cur into :AA,:BB;           ¡K¡K³]©w shell ÅÜ¼Æ
pgbash> echo "AA=$AA, BB=$BB"
pgbash> end;
pgbash> fc fetch                             ¡K¡K½s¿è¾ú¥v¬ö¿ý©M°õ¦æ
pgbash> !echo                                ¡K¡K¦A¦¸ echo
pgbash> disconnect all                       ¡K¡KÃö³¬©Ò¦³³s±µ
pgbash> exit                                 ¡K¡Kµ²§ô pgbash
</code>
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<sect1> PostgreSQL ªº Webmin ¤u¨ã
<p>
webmin ¤u¨ã¡]³z¹L¥i¥H¬O«O¦wªººô­¶¨ÓºÞ²z Unix ¹q¸£¡^ªº³Ì·sª©¥»¡]0.82 ª©¡^¦³¤@­Ó
PostgreSQL ¼Ò²Õ¡C§A¥i¨Ï¥Î³o¼Ò²Õ¨Ó·s¼W¥Î¤á¡B¸s²Õ¡B¸ê®Æ®w¡Bªí®æ¡A¤]¥i¬d¾\ªí®æ¡C

§A¥i¦b <url url="http://www.webmin.com/webmin"> §ä¨ì webmin¡C
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<chapt> PostgreSQL ¥Îªº¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹
-->
<sect> PostgreSQL ¥Îªº¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹
<p>
°Ñ¾\¤å¥ó <url url="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/CPU-Design-HOWTO.html"> 
¥H±o¨ì¥i¥Î©ó PostgreSQL ªº¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹¦W³æ¡A¥»¤å¤]·|´£¨Ñ¦³Ãö¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹ªº¸Ô±¡¡C

¥H¤U¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹ (CPUs)¡]32 ¦ì¤¸©M 64 ¦ì¤¸¡^¥i°õ¦æ PostgreSQL¡C¥¦­Ì³£¹B¦æ Linux¡C
<itemize>
<item> ³B²z¾¹¥Dºô¯¸¬O¡JGoogle ·j´M¤ÞÀº CPU
¯¸¡§Computers>Hardware>Components>Microprocessors¡¨<url url="http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Hardware/Components/Microprocessors">
</itemize>

¥H¤U¬° GNU/GPL ¶}©ñ­ì©l½X³B²z¾¹¦W³æ¡J
<itemize>
<item> ¶}©ñ­ì©l½X³B²z¾¹ºô¯¸¡XGoogle ·j´M "Computers>Hardware>Open Source"
<url url="http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Hardware/Open_Source">
<item> OpenRISC 1000 Free 32-bit ³B²z¾¹ IP ®Ö¤ß¡A»P±MÂ_ªº ARM ©M MIPS
Ävª§¡A¦ì©ó <url url="http://www.opencores.org/cores/or1k">
<item> OpenRISC 2000 ¦ì©ó <url url="http://www.opencores.org">
<item> ¼Ú¬w¤ÓªÅÁ`¸pªº ESA-32bit ©M ESA-64bit ³B²z¾¹¡§LEON¡¨Sparc <url 
url="http://www.estec.esa.nl/wsmwww/leon">
<item> GNU/GPL Freedom 64-bit F-CPU <url url="http://www.f-cpu.org"> ©Î <url 
url="http://f-cpu.tux.org">
¬M®g¯¸¥x¦ì©ó <url url="http://www.f-cpu.de">
<item> STM 32 ¦ì¤¸¡AÂù¦V¶W¯Â¶q (2-way superscalar) RISC ³B²z¾¹ <url 
url="http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~uf8e-itu">
<item> ¥H Verilog ©Î VRML ¼g¦¨ªº§K¶O·L³B²z¾¹©M DSP IP ®Ö¤ß <url 
url="http://www.cmosexod.com">
<item> ¥i¨Ï¶}µo¥[§Öªº§K¶Oµw¥ó®Ö¤ß <url 
url="http://www.scrap.de/html/opencore.htm">
<item> Opencores org¡X¶}©ñ­ì©l½X¡B¦Û¥Ñ IP core <url 
url="http://www.opencores.org">
<item> Linux ¶}©ñµw¥ó©M§K¶O EDA ¨t²Î <url url="http://opencollector.org">
<item> ARM ³B²z¾¹ <url url="http://www.arm.com/Documentation">
<item> Cogent ³B²z¾¹ <url url="http://www.cogcomp.com">
</itemize>

¥H¤U¬°°Ó·~³B²z¾¹¦W³æ¡J
<itemize>
<item> «XÃ¹´µªº E2k 64-bit CPU¡]«Ü§Öªº³B²z¾¹¡I¡I¡I¡^
   ºô¯¸¡J<url url="http://www.elbrus.ru/roadmap/e2k.html">
   Elbrus ¤w©M¬ü°êª@¶§·L¨t²Îµ²¬°¦X§@¥ë¦ñ¡C
<item> Áú°ê¤T¬P (Samsung) 64 ¦ì¤¸³B²z¾¹¡A¨Ó¦Û DEC Alpha¡C
    <url url="http://www.samsungsemi.com">
   Alpha-64bit ³B²z¾¹¦b <url url="http://www.alpha-processor.com">
   ¤T¬P©M¬ü°êªº Compaq ¥¿¦X§@¶}µo Alpha ³B²z¾¹¡C
<item> ­^¯Sº¸ (Intel) IA 64 <url url="http://developer.intel.com/design/ia-64">
<item> ¥þ¬ü¹F (Transmeta) crusoe ³B²z¾¹¡A©M¤£¤[±N¨Óªº¥þ¬ü¹F 64 ¦ì¤¸³B²z¾¹¡C
<url url="http://www.transmeta.com">
<item> Sun Ultra-sparc 64 ¦ì¤¸³B²z¾¹
<url url="http://www.sun.com">
©Î <url url="http://www.sunmicrosystems.com">
<item> MIPS¡@RISC ³B²z¾¹ <url url="http://www.mips.com">
<item> SGI Graphics MIPS Architecture ¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹ <url 
url="http://www.sgi.com/processors"> 
<item> IDT MIPS Architecture ¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹ <url url="http://www.idt.com">
<item> IBM Power PC¡]¼¯¦«Ã¹©Ô¡^<url 
url="http://www.motorola.com/SPS/PowerPC/index.html">
<item> ¼¯¦«Ã¹©Ô´O¤J¦¡³B²z¾¹¡CÎÚ¾Ú PowerPC¡BM-CORE¡BColdFire¡BM68k ©Î M68HC 
®Ö¤ß <url url="http://www.mot-sps.com">
<item> M68k ©Î  M68K ®Ö¤ß <url url="http://www.mot-sps.com">
<item> ¤é¥ß SuperH 64-bit RISC ³B²z¾¹ SH7750 <url 
url="http://www.hitachi.com"> ¦pªG¤@¦¸¶R¤@¸U­Ó¡A¨C­Ó¥u°â¥|¤Q¬ü¤¸¡C
<item> Fujitsu 64-bit ³B²z¾¹ <url url="http://www.fujitsu.com">
<item> HAL (California) Super-Sparc 64-bit ³B²z¾¹ <url 
url="http://www.hal.com"> ¤]©M Sun ªº sparc µ²ºc¬Û®e¡C
<item> Pyramid Technologies ªº Seimens Pyramid ¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹
<item> Intel X86 ¨t¦C 32-bit ¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹¡A©bÄË¡BÁÉ´­µ¥µ¥¡C
<item> AMDs X86 ¨t¦C 32-bit ¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹¡AK-6¡BAthlon µ¥µ¥¡C
<item> National's Cyrix X86 ³B²z¾¹ 32-bit CPUs Cyrix µ¥µ¥¡C 
<item> ¨ä¥L°ê®a¡]¥xÆW¡BÁú°ê¡A¤é¥»¡^ªº¨ä¥L¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹¡H¡H½Ð§i¶D§Ú¡K¡K
</itemize>

¨ä¥L­«­nªº³B²z¾¹ºô¯¸¬°¡X
<itemize>
<item> ¤Ü¥|¤p®É¥þ²y³B²z¾¹·s»D <url 
url="http://www.newsnow.co.uk/cgi/NewsNow/NewsLink.htm?Theme=Processors">
<item> ¹q¸£µ²ºcºôÛÚ¦ì©ó <url url="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~arch/www">
<item> ARM ³B²z¾¹ <url url="http://www.arm.com/Documentation">
<item> °¶¤jªº³B²z¾¹ <url url="http://www.cs.uregina.ca/~bayko/cpu.html">
<item> Microdesign ¸ê·½ <url url="http://www.mdronline.com">
</itemize>
</sect>
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<chapt> ¥u¨Ï¥Î¤@­ÓÅã¥Ü¾¹ (monitor) ¨Ó³]©w¦h¥x PostgreSQL ¹q¸£
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<sect> ¥u¨Ï¥Î¤@­ÓÅã¥Ü¾¹ (monitor) ¨Ó³]©w¦h¥x PostgreSQL ¹q¸£
<p> 
¦pªG§A¤£·Qªá¿ú©óµw¥óªº¿ï¾Ü¾¹¡A§A¥i<bf>¨Ï¥Î VNC (Vitual Network Computing)
§Þ³N</bf>¡A¨Ó¦Û¹q°T·~¥¨¤H AT &amp T¡C VNC ¬O GPL ªº¡A¬O¤@­Ó¦Û¥Ñ³n¥ó¡CÄyµÛ
VNC¡A§A¥i¦b¤@­Ó¨S¦³Åã¥Ü¾¹ªº¹q¸£°õ¦æ PostgreSQL
µ{¦¡¡A¦Ó¦b»·ºÝ¹q¸£ªºÅã¥Ü¾¹Åã¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡I¡I¤£¹L¡A¨º¨Ç¹q¸£¥²¶·¥H Ethernet
ºôµ¸¤¶­±¥d³s±µ¡CVNC ¥i¦b <url url="http://www.uk.research.att.com/vnc">
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</itemize>
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<sect1> PHP ¸UºûºôÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¦øªA¾¹ <label id="midgard">
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</itemize>
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<sect1> Lutris Corp "Enhydra Enterprise" (Java) <label id="Enhydra">
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Enhydra ¤ä´© PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w¡C

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<sect1> OpenACS¡]Tcl »y¨¥¡^<label id="OpenACS">
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<sect1> §â dbase ªº dbf ÀÉÂà´«¦Ü PostgreSQL
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<sect1> Java ªº Report Writer
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<item> ·sª©¥»ªº PHP ¥[¤J¤F«Ü¦h·s¥\¯à¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\¥Dºô­¶ <url 
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<sect1>
PHP¡XÂ²¥v
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(wrapper)¡C³o®M¥ó³Ì¥ý¦W¬° Personal Home Page Tools¡A«á¨ÓÅÜ¬° Personal Home 
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HTML ÀÉ¤¤¡C¥¦ÄyµÛ§â©ÒÂ²³æªº©R¥O½Zª½±µ´O¤J HTML ÀÉ¤¤¡A®ø°£¤j¶q¤p«¬ Perl cgi 
µ{¦¡ªº»Ý­n¡C³o¼Ë·|¥[§Ö§Aªººô­¶¡A¦]¬° fork ¦h¦¸ Perl ªº§xÂZ¤w¸g®ø°£¡C
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«Ü¦h¤HÄ±±o´O¤J¬d¸ß¤ñ¤À§O«Ø¥ß HTML ©M CGI ÀÉÂ²³æ±o¦h¡C

PHP/FI ¤w§ï¦W¬° PHP¡C
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<sect1>
¨º»ò¡A§Ú¯à¥Î PHP °µ¤°»ò¡H
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¡]¦pªG§A¦b¦b½sÄ¶®É¿ï¨ú¤F access logging¡^¡C³o¥u¬O PHP ©Ò°µªº¤@¤p³¡¤À¡C
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cgi µ{¦¡ªºÀ°§U¡CPHP ¨Ï±o¨ú±o©M³B²zªí®æªº¸ê®Æ·¥¬°®e©ö¡C
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<sect1>
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<tscreen><verb>
<FORM ACTION="/cgi-bin/php.cgi/~userid/display.html" METHOD=POST>
<INPUT TYPE="text" name="name">
<INPUT TYPE="text" name="age">
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<FORM>
</verb></tscreen>
§Aªº display.html «K¥i¥]¬AÃþ¦üªºªF¦è¡J
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&lt ?echo "Hi &dollar name, you are &dollar age years old!<p>" &gt
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´N¬O³o¼ËÂ²³æ¡IPHP ¦Û°Ê¬°¨C­Óªí®æ¿é¤JÄæ¦ì²£¥Í¤@­ÓÅÜ¼Æ¡C¤§«á§A«K¥i¦b ACTION URL 
ÀÉ¤¤¨Ï¥Î³o¨ÇÅÜ¼Æ¡C

¦b§A§ä¥X¦p¦ó¨Ï¥ÎÅÜ¼Æ¤§«áªº¨BÆJ´N¬O¦bºô­¶¤¤¸Õ¥Î¤@¨ÇÅÞ¿è¬yµ{¼ÐÅÒ¡C¨Ò¦p¡A
¦pªG§A·Q®Ú¾Ú¥ÎªÌ¿é¤JÅã¥Ü¤£¦P°T®§¡A§A¥i¨Ï¥Î if/else ÅÞ¿è¡C¦b¤W­±ªº¨Ò¤l¡A
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<?
    if($age>50);
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>
</verb></tscreen>
PHP ´£¨Ñ¤@ºØ«D±`±j«lªº©R¥O½Z»y¨¥¡A¯à°µ¨ìªº¨Æ¤ñ¥H¤WÂ²³æªº¨Ò¤l¦h«Ü¦h¡C±ýª¾¸Ô±¡¡A
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PHP ¤]¦³¯à¤O±µ¦¬¥ô¦ó¨Ì·Ó RFC-1867 ³W©wªºÂsÄý¾¹¤W¶ÇªºÀÉ®×¡C
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PHP ¤ä´© PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w®M¥ó¡C¥¦¤ä´©¦b .HTML ÀÉ¤¤´O¤J SQL ¬d¸ß¡C

PHP ¤]¤ä´© mysql ¸ê®Æ®w®M¥ó¡C¥¦¤ä´©¦b .HTML ÀÉ¤¤´O¤J SQL ¬d¸ß¡C
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<sect1>
CGI §ï¦V (Redirection)
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<sect2>Apache 1.0.x ºK­n
<p>
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½Ðª`·N§AµL¶·¾á¤ß§ï¦V¼Ò²Õ¡A¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î PHP ªº Apache ¼Ò²Õª©¥» (Apache module 
version)¡C¦³¨â­Ó³oÃþ§ï¦V¼Ò²Õ¡C¤@­Ó¬O Dave Andersen ¶}µoªº¡J
<itemize>
<item>       <htmlurl url="mailto:angio@aros.net"
             name="angio@aros.net">
</itemize>
     ¥¦¥i¦b¥H¤U¦a¤è§ä¨ì
<itemize>
<item>     <url url="ftp://ftp.aros.net/pub/util/apache/mod_cgi_redirect.c">
</itemize>
¥t¤@­Ó¤w¥]¬A¦b Apache ¤¤¡A¦W¬° mod_actions.c¡C³o¨Ç¼Ò²Õ·¥¬°¬Û¦ü¡A
¥u¬O¦b¥Îªk¤W¦³¤Ö³\®t§O¡C¨â­Ó³£´ú¸Õ¹L¡A¯à©M PHP ¶¶§Q¦X§@¡C

¬d¬Ý Apache ªº¤å¥óÃö©ó¦p¦ó¥[¤J¤@­Ó¼Ò²Õ¡C¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A§A§â¼Ò²Õ¦WºÙ¥[¨ì¤@­Ó¦W¬°
Configuration ªºÀÉ®×¤¤¡C¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î mod_actions ¼Ò²Õ¡A§A­n¥[ªº¤@¥y¬O¡J

     Module action_module mod_actions.o

¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î mod_cgi_redirect ¼Ò²Õ¡A¥[¤W¥H¤U¤@¥y¡J

     Module cgi_redirect_module mod_cgi_redirect.o

­«·s½sÄ¶§Aªº httpd ¤Î¦w¸Ë¥¦¡C­n³]©w cgi §ï¦V§A»Ý­n¦b§Aªº mime.types 
ÀÉ¤¤«Ø¥ß·sªº mime Ãþ«¬¡A©Î¦b§Aªº srm.conf ÀÉ¤¤¨Ï¥Î AddType «ü¥O¨Ó¥[¤W mime 
Ãþ«¬¡C©Ò¥[¤Wªº mime Ãþ«¬À³Ãþ¦ü¡J
<tscreen><verb>
     application/x-httpd-php phtml
</verb></tscreen>
     ¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î mod_actions.c ¼Ò²Õ¡A§A»Ý¦b srm.conf ÀÉ¤¤¥[¤W¥H¤U¤@¦æ¡J
<tscreen><verb>
     Action application/x-httpd-php /cgi-bin/php.cgi
</verb></tscreen>
     ¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î mod_cgi_redirect.c ¼Ò²Õ¡A§A»Ý¦b srm.conf ÀÉ¤¤¥[¤W¥H¤U¤@¦æ¡J
<tscreen><verb>
     CgiRedirect application/x-httpd-php /cgi-bin/php.cgi
</verb></tscreen>
     ¤£­n¦P®É¨Ï¥Î mod_actions.c ©M mod_cgi_redirect.c¡C

¦w¸Ë¤Î¥¿½T³]©w¤F³o¨Ç cgi §ï¦V¼Ò²Õ«á¡A§A¥u»Ý§â©µ¦ùÀÉ¦W©w¬° .phtml¡A
«K¥i¥H«ü©w³oÀÉ®×¥Ñ PHP ¤ÀªR¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦pªG§A¦b srm.conf ÀÉªº DirectoryIndex 
³]©w¦æ¥[¤W index.phtml¡A³Ì¤W¼hªººô­¶«K·|¦Û°Ê¥Ñ php ¤ÀªR¡A¦pªG§Aªº index 
ÀÉ¦W¬° index.phtml¡C
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<sect2>Netscape HTTPD
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§A¥iÄy Netscape Server CGI Redirection 
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File Archieves ¤¤§ä¨ì¡C®M¥ó¤¤ªº README ©ú½T¦a¸ÑÄÀ¤F¦p¦ó³]©w¥¦¨Ó¥Î©ó PHP¡C
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<sect2>NCSA HTTPD
<p>
¥Ø«e¡ANCSA ¨Ã¤£¤ä´©¼Ò²Õ¡A©Ò¥H¡A­n¨Ï¥Î cgi §ï¦Vªº¸Ü¡A§A­n­×§ï¦øªA¾¹ªº­ì©l½X¡C
¤@­Ó¹ï NCSA 1.5 °µ³o¤u§@ªº´O¸É¦b¦b PHP ÀÉ®×¦s®w¤¤§ä¨ì¡C
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<sect1>
¦b«ü¥O¦æ°õ¦æ PHP
<p>
¦pªG§A«Ø¥ß¤F CGI ª©¥»ªº PHP¡A§A¥u»Ý¦b«ü¥O¦æ¿é¤J php.cgi filename¡A¦Ófilename 
¬O§A·Q¤ÀªRªºÀÉ®×¡C§A¥i«Ø¥ß¿W¥ßªº PHP ©R¥O½Z¡A¥u»Ý§â©R¥O½Z (script) 
ªº²Ä¤@¦æ¼g¬°Ãþ¦ü¡J
<tscreen><verb>
    #!/usr/local/bin/php.cgi -q
</verb></tscreen>
¡§-q¡¨ªý¤î¦L¥X HTTP ¼ÐÀY¡C³ßÅwªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¤£¥Î³o¿ï¾Ü¡C
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<sect1> PHPGem ®M¥ó
<p>
PHPGem ¬O¤@­Ó PHP ©R¥O½Z¡A¥Î¥H¥[³t½s¼g¨Ï¥Îªí®æªº PHP ©R¥O½Z¡C¥¦¥i¥Î©ó¤£¦Pªº 
SQL ¦øªA¾¹¡A¦p PostgreSQL¡BMySQL¡BmSQL¡BODBC ©M Adabas¡C
§A¿é¤Jªí®æÄæ¦ìªº´y­z©M°Ñ¼Æ¡]Äæ¦ì¦WºÙ¡BÄæ¦ìªº on/off searching (?) µ¥µ¥¡^¡A
PHPGem ¿é¥X¥t¤@­Ó¨Ï¥Î¨º¨Çªí®æªº PHP ©R¥O½Z¡]ÀËµø/¥[/­×§ï/§R°£/­«ÂÐ¤º®e©M·j¯Á¡^¡C
PHPGem ¥i¨Ï¥Î¦h¼h±_ª¬ªí®æ (multi-level nested tables, ??)¡CPHPGem 
®e³\§A«ü©w¨C­Óªí®æ¨C­ÓÄæ¦ì¨C¤HÊú¦s¨ú±±¨î¡CPHPGem ¤]¤ä´©¼v¹³¡C

PHPGem ¦b <url url="http://sptl.org/phpgem"> §ä¨ì¡C
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<chapt>PostgreSQL ªº Python ¤¶­±
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<sect>PostgreSQL ªº Python ¤¶­±
<p>
Python ¬O¤@­Óª½Ä¶ªºª«¥ó¾É¦V©R¥O½Z»y¨¥¡C¥¦¨Ï¥ÎÂ²©ö¡]»´¥©ªº»yªk¡B
Â²³æª½±µªº¥y¤l¡^¡A¦³«Ü¦h¥Î©ó«Ø¥ß GUI ªº©µ¦ù¡B¸Uºûºô¤¶­±µ¥µ¥¡C
¤@­Ó¦³´¼¼zªºÂsÄý¾¹¡]Ãþ¦ü HotJava¡^¥¿¦b¶}µo¤¤¡]¤@¤E¤E¤­¦~¤Q¤@¤ë¡^¡A
³o·|µ¹¤©µ{¦¡³]­p­û«Ü¦h¾÷·|¡CPython ªºª©Åv«ù¦³¤H¬°²üÄõªü©i´µ¯S¤¦ªº Stichting S 
Mathematisch Centrum¡A¥i¦Û¥Ñ´²§G¡C¥¦¥]¬Aª«¥ó¡BÃþ§O (classes)¡B¼Ò²Õ¡B©M¨Ò¥~ 
(exceptions) ªº°ÊºA¸ü¤J¡C¨Ï¥Î C »y¨¥¨Ó±N¨ä¤¶­±¥[¤J·s¨t²Î¨ç¦¡®w¬Oª½±µªº¤u§@¡A¨Ï 
Python ¦b¦Û¦æ³]©w®É®e©ö¨Ï¥Î¡CPython ¬O¤@­Ó¾Ö¦³ X ¤¶­±ªº°ªµ¥©R¥O½Z»y¨¥¡C¦b 
Linux ¥úºÐ¤¤ªº Python ®M¥ó¥]¬A¤j³¡¤À¼Ð·Ç Python ¼Ò²Õ¡A¥H¤Î¥Î§@ Tk ¤¶­±ªº Tix 
widget ¼Ò²Õ¡C

PyGreSQL ¬O¤@­Ó¥Î§@ PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®wªº¤¶­±¡C¥¦´O¤J¤F PostgreSQL 
¬d¸ß¨ç¦¡®w¡A¨Ï±o¦b Python ¤â½Z¤¤¨Ï¥Î±j«lªº PostgreSQL ¯S©Ê¤Q¤ÀÂ²³æ¡CPyGreSQL 
¥Ñ D'Arcy J.M. Cain ©M Pascal Andre ¼g¦¨¡C
<itemize>
<item> PyGreSQL ªº·sºô¯¸ <url url="http://www.druid.net/pygresql/">
<item> D'Arcy ©ÒºûÅ@ªº <url url="http://www.druid.net/~darcy/">
<item> ÂÂºô¯¸¦b <url 
url="ftp://ftp.via.ecp.fr/pub/python/contrib/Database/PyGres95.README ">
<item> D'Arcy J.M. Cain <htmlurl url="mailto:darcy@druid.net"
             name="darcy@druid.net">
<item> Pascal Andre <htmlurl url="mailto:andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr"
             name="andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr">
<item> Pascal Andre <htmlurl url="mailto:andre@via.ecp.fr"
             name="andre@via.ecp.fr">
</itemize>

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<sect1>
¦p¦ó¨ú±o PyGres¡H
<p>
¤£¦P®M¥óªº¥Dºô¯¸¦b¡J
<itemize>
<item> Python <url 
url="ftp://ftp.python.org:/pub/www.python.org/1.5/python1.5b2.tar.gz">
<item> PyGreSQL <url url="ftp://ftp.druid.net/pub/distrib/PyGreSQL-2.1.tgz">
<item> ÂÂºô¯¸ <url 
url="ftp://ftp.via.ecp.fr/pub/python/contrib/Database/PyGres95-1.0b.tar.gz ">
</itemize>
µL½×¦p¦ó¡A§AÀ³¹Á¸Õ´M§ä³Ì±µªñ§Aªº¬M®g¯¸¥x¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¨Ó§ä³o¨Ç¯¸¥x¡CPygreSQL
¤]·|¦b Python ©M PostgreSQL ¯¸¥xªº contrib ¥Ø¿ý§ä¨ì¡C

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<sect1>
¸ê®Æ©M¤ä´©
<p>
¦pªG§A»Ý­n³o¨Ç®M¥óªº¸ê®Æ¡A½Ð¬d¬Ý¥H¤Uºô­¶¡J
<itemize>
<item> Python¡J     <url url="http://www.python.org/">
<item> PostgreSQL¡J <url 
url="http://epoch.cs.berkeley.edu:8000/postgres95/index.html">
<item> PyGreSQL <url url="ftp://ftp.druid.net/pub/distrib/PyGreSQL-2.1.tgz">
<item> PyGreSQL ÂÂºô¯¸¡J   <url 
url="http://www.via.ecp.fr/via/products/pygres.html">
</itemize>

¤ä´©¡J
<itemize>
<item> PyGreSQL ªº³q«H½×¾Â¡C­n°Ñ¥[ªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¹q¶l¦Ü¡J
<htmlurl url="mailto:majordomo@vex.net"
             name="majordomo@vex.net">
¦b¥¿¤å¤¤¼g¡§subscribe pygresql name@domain¡¨¡A§â¡§name@domain¡¨
§ï¬°§A¦Û¤vªº¹q¶l¦a§}¡C
<item>  Python ªº·s»D²Õ¡J     newsgroup comp.lang.python
<item>  PyGreSQL :   ¦p¦³¯äÂÎ³ø§i¡B·N¨£¡Bª`ÄÀ¡A½Ð§ä Andre
       <htmlurl url="mailto:andre@via.ecp.fr"
             name="andre@via.ecp.fr">
</itemize>
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<sect1>´ú¸Õ Python ¤¶­±
<p>
½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="Testing PyGreSQL" name="´ú¸Õ Python¡XPostgreSQL ¤¶­±"> ¤@¸`¡C
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<chapt> PostgreSQL ©M¸Uºûºôªº¹h¸ô (gateway) ¡X WDB-P95
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<sect>PostgreSQL ©M¸Uºûºôªº¹h¸ô (gateway) ¡X WDB-P95
<p>
<sect1>¦³Ãö wdb-p95
<p>
WDB-P95 - ¤@­Ó¥Ñ J. Douglas Dunlop ¶}µoªº PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®w¸Uºûºô¤¶­±
¥¦¦b¡J
<itemize>
<item> J Rowe ªº·s WDB ¦b <url 
url="http://www.lava.net/beowulf/programming/wdb">
<item> ·sª©¥»ªº WWW-WDB ¦b <url url="http://www.eol.ists.ca/~dunlop/wdb-p95/">
<item> ¦³°ÝÃD©Î·Q¥[¤J³q«H½×¾Â
<htmlurl url="mailto:dunlop@eol.ists.ca"
             name="dunlop@eol.ists.ca">
</itemize>
³o¬O¤@­Ó­×§ï¤Fªº wdb-1.3a2¡A´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó PostgreSQL ¨ì¸Uºûºôªº¹h¸ô¡C
³oª©¥»¤]»Ý­n¯à³B²z HTML ªí®æªºÂsÄý¾¹¡C­ì¥»ªº wdb µL¦¹­n¨D¡A¦ý­nÁÙ­ì¤]¤£Ãø¡C

§A¥i¹Á¸Õ CASI Tape ©M Image Query¡C§A¥i¬Ý¬Ý¨ä Form Definition File 
(FDF)¡A¥¦¤]¥Î©ó²£¥Í CASI Tape ©M Image Query¡A¥¦¥]§t¤F¨â­Ó¦CªíªºÁpµ² (join)¡C

³oª©¥»¥]§t©Ò¦³»Ý­n¥Î©ó¦w¸Ë©M°õ¦æ¥H WDB-P95 ¬° PostgreSQL 
¤¶­±ªºÀÉ®×¡C­n§â³o¨t²Î²¾´Ó¨ì¨ä¥L¸ê®Æ®wÀ³»á¬°Â²³æ¡X¦pªG¥¦¤ä´©¼Ð·Çªº SQL ©M¾Ö¦³ 
Perl ¤¶­±¡C

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<sect1>
PostgreSQL ¦øªA¾¹¡Bpgperl ©M httpd ¬O§_»Ý¦b¦P¤@¹q¸£¡H
<p>
§_¡XPostgreSQL ¤£»Ý¦b¦P¤@¹q¸£¡C¦] WDB-P95 ¥Ñ httpd ºÊ±±µ{¦¡ (daemon) 
©I¥s¡A¥¦­Ì­n¦b¦P¤@³¡¹q¸£¡C¤S¦]¬° WDB-P95 ¨Ï¥Î Pg.pm¡Apgperl ¤]­n¦b¦P¤@¹q¸£¡C
Pgperl ¬O¥H libpq ¨ç¦¡®w¼g¦¨¡A©Ò¥H¥¦¥i¦s¨úºôµ¸¤W¥ô¦ó PostgreSQL 
¦øªA¾¹¡A´N¦p¨ä¥L PostgreSQL «È¤á¡C¦p¤U©Ò­z¡J

(¸Uºûºô«È¤á (Netscape)) => (HTTP ¦øªA¾¹ (NCSA's http) + WDB-P95 + pgperl + libpq)=> (PostgreSQL ¦øªA¾¹)

¬A¸¹ () ¥Nªí¹q¸£¡C

¨C³¡¹q¸£¥i¬O¤£¦PÃþ«¬¡JNT¡BSUN¡BHP¡K¡K¦ý§A»Ý­n¦b§A¥´ºâ°õ¦æ WDB-P95 ªº¹q¸£ªº 
libpq ¤¶­±¨ç¦¡®w¡A¦]¬°§A­n¥Î¥¦¨Ó½sÄ¶ pgperl¡C¡]³o¨t²Î³]­p¦¨·|¨Ï¥Î HTML 
ªí®æ¡A©Ò¥H³Ì¦n¦³¤@·sªñªº¸Uºûºô«È¤áºÝ¡C¡^
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<chapt> ¨ä¥L¤¶­±¤u¨ã
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<sect>"C", "C++", ESQL/C »y¨¥¤¶­±©M PostgreSQL ªº³v¦ì¹Bºâ¤¸ (Bitwise Operators)
<p>
<sect1> "C" ¤¶­±
<p>
¥¦¤w¥]§t¦bµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡A¦W¬°¡¥libpq¡¦¡C©M Oracle OCI¡BSybase DB-lib¡BInformix 
CLI ¨ç¦¡®w¬Û¦ü¡C

<sect1> "C++" ¤¶­±
<p>
¥¦¤w¥]§t¦bµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡A¦W¬°¡¥libpq++¡¦¡C
½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="Testing libpq" name="´ú¸Õ libpq, libpq++ ¤¶­±"> ¤@¸`¡C
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<sect1> ESQL/C
<p>
PostgreSQL ESQL/C 'Embedded C Pre-compiler' Ãþ¦ü Oracle Pro*C¡BInformix 
ESQL/C¡CPostgreSQL ESQL/C ¬O¤@ºØ SQL À³¥Îµ{¦¡¤¶­± (API)¡A¨Ï C 
µ{¦¡³]­p®v¯à¦Û¦æ³]­p¥i¾Ö¦³ºÞ²z¸ê®Æ®wªº¯à¤OªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¡CPostgreSQL ESQL/C 
®e³\§A¨Ï¥Î§A©Ò¼ô±xªº²Ä¤T¥N¹q¸£»y¨¥¦Ó¤S¯à§Q¥Î¨ìµ²ºc¤Æ¬d¸ß»y¨¥ (SQL) ªºÀuÂI¡C

ESQL/C ¥]§t¥H¤U³n¥ó¡J
<itemize>
<item> ESQL/C ¨ç¦¡®w´£¨Ñ¨ã¸ê®Æ®w¦øªA¾¹¦s¨ú¯à¤Oªº C ¨ç¦¡¡C
<item> ESQL/C ¼ÐÀYÀÉ´£¨Ñ¹ï ESQL/C µ{¦¡¦³¥Îªº¸ê®Æµ²ºc¡B±`¼Æ©M¥¨¶°ªº©w¸q¡C
<item> ESQL/C ¹w³B²z¾¹¡A¤@­Ó§â¥]§t SQL ¥y¤lªº C 
ÀÉÂà´«¬°¥i°õ¦æÀÉªº·½µ{¦¡¹w³B²z¾¹¡C

¡]Ä¶«ö¡JÀ³¬°§â§t´O¤J¦¡ SQL ªº C ÀÉ®×Âà´«¬°¼Ð·Çªº C ÀÉ®×¡A¨Ã¥i¥Ñ gcc ½sÄ¶¬°¥i°õ¦æÀÉ¡C¥t¥~¡APostgreSQL ªº SQL ´O¤J¦¡ SQL ¹w³B²z¾¹À³¦W¬° ecpg¡C¡^
</itemize>
¥¦¦b
<itemize>
<item> PostgreSQL ªº ESQL/C ¤w¥]§t¦bµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡C
<item> ¥Dºô¯¸ <url url="ftp://ftp.lysator.liu.se/pub/linus">
<item>¹q¶l¡J
       <htmlurl url="mailto:linus@epact.se"
             name="linus@epact.se">
</itemize>
½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="Testing ecpg" name="´ú¸Õ ecpg ¤¶­±"> ¤@¸`¡C

­n¨Ï¥Î Vim ±m¦â½s¿è¾¹½s¼g¡¥ecpg¡¦ÀÉ¡]*.pgc¡^¡A§A­n³o¼Ë°µ¡J
<code>
bash$ su - postgres
bash$ mkdir $HOME/vim
«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¦W¬°¡¥$HOME/vim/myfilestypes.vim¡¦ªºÀÉ®×¡A¤º¦³¥H¤U¼Æ¦æ

    " myfiletypefile
        au! BufRead,BufNewFile *.pgc    set filetype=esqlc
</code>
§AÀ³¸Ó¦³¤@­Ó $HOME/.gvimrc ÀÉ¡C§_«h½Ð¦Û¤v»s³y¤@­Ó¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¦b 
<url url="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Vim-HOWTO.html"> ªº Vim HOWTO ¤å¥ó¡C

¦b $HOME/.gvimrc ¥[¤W¥H¤U¤@¦æ 
<code>
let myfiletypefile = "~/vim/myfiletypes.vim"
</code>
²{¦b¦pªG§A¥Î
<code>
bash$ gvim sample.pgc
</code>
½s¿èÀÉ®×¡A§A¥i±o¨ì¨Ì»yªk¬ð¥X¤º¤å (syntax highlight) ªºÃC¦â¡C
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<sect1> PostgreSQL ªº³v¦ì¤¸¹Bºâ¤¸
<p>
³v¦ì¤¸¹Bºâ¤¸¥Ñ Nicolas Moldavsky ¼g¦¨
<itemize>
<item>       <htmlurl url="mailto:nico@overnet.com.ar"
        	name="nico@overnet.com.ar">
</itemize>
¹ê½î³v¦ì¤¸¹Bºâ¡]AND¡BOR¡BXOR¡B¦ì¤¸¸É¼Æ (bitwise complement)¡^ªº 
pgsql¡§C¡¨¨ç¦¡¡C¥i¸g°Î¦W FTP ±o¨ì¡J
<itemize>
<item> <url url="ftp://ftp.overnet.com.ar/pub/utils/linux/bitpgsql.tgz">
</itemize>
¥]¬A¤F Linux ªº Makefile¡C
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<sect>PostgreSQL ªº¤é¤å°²¦W½X (Kanji Code)
<p>
¥¦¦b¥H¤Uºô§}¡J
<itemize>
<item>  <url url="ftp://ftp.sra.co.jp/pub/cmd/postgres/">
</itemize>
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<chapt>²¾´Ó PostgreSQL ¨ìµøµ¡ 95 / µøµ¡ NT
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<sect>²¾´Ó PostgreSQL ¨ìµøµ¡ 95 / µøµ¡ NT
<p>
µøµ¡ NT ª©ªº PostgreSQL ¤G¤¸ÀÉ¥i¦b¥H¤U¦a¤è§ä¨ì¡J
<itemize>
<item> µøµ¡ NT PostgreSQL ¤G¤¸ÀÉ <url url="http://www.askesis.nl">
<item> <url url="http://www.postgresql.org">
</itemize>
¤U¸ü¥i°õ¦æÀÉ¡A±N¥¦¸ÑÀ£¡A¨Ã±q²Ä¤Q¤T¨B¶}©l¸ò±q<ref id="installpgsql" name="¦w¸Ë
PostgreSQL">¡C

¦pªG§A·Q­«·s½sÄ¶­ìµ{¦¡½X¡A½Ð¸ò±q¥H¤U«ü¥Ü¡C²¾´Ó¨ìµøµ¡ NT ­n¨Ï¥Î Cygnus 
cygwin32 ®M¥ó¡A¥¦¥]¬Aµøµ¡ NT/95 ªº gcc¡Bgmake¡C
<itemize>
<item> Cygwin 32 ®M¥ó¦b <url url="http://www.cygnus.com/misc/gnu-win32">
§ä¨ì
</itemize>
¨ì¦¹ºô­¶¨ú±o cdk.exe ÀÉ¡]gnu-win32 ªº¦Û§Ú¸ÑÀ£ÀÉ¡^
¡]Ä¶«ö¡J¦¹¤u¨ã¤w§ï¦W¬° cygwin¡Aºô§}¬° <url 
url="http://sourceware.cygnus.com">¡C¡^
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<sect1> NT ª©ªº§@ªÌ
<p>
PostgreSQL NT ª©ªº§@ªÌ¬°¡X
<itemize>
<item> Daniel Horak 
	<htmlurl url="mailto:horak@mmp.plzen-city.cz"
             name="horak@mmp.plzen-city.cz">
<item> Joost Kraaijeveld
	<htmlurl url="mailto:JKraaijeveld@askesis.nl"
		name="JKraaijeveld@askesis.nl">
<item> Kevin Lo
	<htmlurl url="mailto:kevlo@FreeBSD.org"
		name="kevlo@FreeBSD.org">
<item> NT ª©ªººô­¶¦b <url 
url="http://www.freebsd.org/~kevlo/postgres/portNT.html">
</itemize>
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<sect1> ¦w¸Ë Cygwin ®M¥ó
<p>
<enum>
<item> ¤U¸ü <url 
url="ftp://go.cygnus.com/pub/sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/latest/full.exe">
<item> °õ¦æ full.exe¡A¦w¸Ë¨ì c:\Unix\Root ¥Ø¿ý¡C
<item> °õ¦æ Cygwin¡AÁä¤J¡¥mount --help¡¦¥H¾\Åª¤å¥ó¡C§A¥i¥Î -f
¿ï¶µ±j¨î±¾¤W¡C¤§«á°õ¦æ¡§umount / " ©M¡§mount c:\Unix\Root /¡¨
</enum>
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<sect1> ³]©w Bash µøµ¡
<p>
¦w¸Ë Cygwin ®M¥ó«á¡A½Ð¶i¦æ¥H¤U¤u§@¥H³]©w¤u§@Àô¹Ò¡J

1. ¦w¸Ë Vi ½s¿è¾¹¡¥Vim¡¦¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\
<url url="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Vim-HOWTO.html">

2. cygwin bash ªº¹w©wµøµ¡¬O¤@­Ó¤Ü¥|¦æ¡A©³¦â¬°¶Â¦âªºµøµ¡¡C­n³]©w bash
µøµ¡ªº©³¦â©M¤j¤p¡A«ö¶}©l->±±¨î¥x->MS DOS ¥D±±¥x¡A§â©³¦â³]©w¬°¶Â¦â¡A
¤j¤p§ï¬°¤C¤Q¦æ¡C

¡]©Î¡^¥kÀ»µøµ¡¼ÐÃD¦C¡A§ïÅÜ¤º®e¡C

3. ½s¿è c:\cygnus\cywinb20 ¤¤ªº cygnus.bat ©M§@¥H¤U³]©w¡X
<code>
set HOME=c:\cygnus\cygwinb20
bash --login
</code>

¤Î½s¿è ~/.bash_profile ¥[¤W³o´X¦æ
<code>
set -o vi
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin
export PATH
</code>

4. ­n±Ò¥Î«ü¥O¦C¾ú¥v½s¿è¡AÁä¤J¡X

bash$ set -o vi

¨Ï¥Î l¡Bk¡Bj¡Bh¡A§A¥i¥Î vi
«ü¥O½s¿è«ü¥O¦C¾ú¥v¡C§A¥i­«ÂÐ©M­×§ï¤§«eªº«ü¥O¡A¥H¸`¬Ù¥´¦r®É¶¡¡C

5. §A¥i¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O±¾¤WºÏºÐ¾÷ / ¥Ø¿ý¡X

<code>
bash$ umount /
bash$ mount "c:\cygnus"  /
bash$ mount "c:\cygnus\cygwin-b20\postgres" /usr/local/pgsql
</code>

6. ¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O¾\Åª½u¤W¨D§U°T®§¡X
<code>
bash$ mount --help
bash$ ls --help
</code>

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<sect1> ¦w¸Ë Andy Piper ¤u¨ã
<p>
<enum>
<item>¨ì <url url="ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/aux/"> ¤U¸ü 
cygwin-b20-local.tar.bz2 ¨ì 
c:/Unix/Root ¥Ø¿ý¡C 
<item> cd c:/Unix/Root; bunzip2 cygwin-b20-local.tar.bz2 
<item> tar -xvf cygwin-b20-local.tar 
<item> cd /local/bin; sh check_cygwin_setup.sh 
<item> §¹¦¨²Ä¥|¨B«á¡A§A·|¬Ý¨ì¥H¤U°T®§¡J
<code>
You don't have /bin would you like to mount cygwin as /bin?" 
&lsqb y/n &rsqb   
¿ï¡¥n¡¦¡A¨ä¥L°ÝÃD«h¿ï¡¥y¡¦¡C
</code>
<item> mount c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/bin 
/bin 
<item> cd c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32; mkdir 
libexec share 
man etc sbin info 
<item> cp -R /local/&lcub bin,libexec,share,man,etc,sbin,info,include &rcub
</enum>
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<sect1> ¦w¸Ë Ludovic Lange ªº Cygwin32 IPC ®M¥ó
<p>
<enum>
<item> ¨ì <url url="http://www.multione.capgemini.fr/tools/pack_ipc"> ¤U¸ü 
cygwin32_ipc-1.03.tgz ¨ì c:/Unix/Root ¥Ø¿ý¡C
<item> tar -zxvf cygwin32_ipc-1.03.tgz 
<item> cd cygwin32_ipc-1.03/src and run 'make' 
<item> mkdir -p c:/usr/local/{bin,include,lib,include/sys} 
<code>
cp /cygwin32_ipc-1.03/bin/* c:/usr/local/bin 
cp /cygwin32_ipc-1.03/include/sys/* c:/usr/local/include/sys 
cp /cygwin32_ipc-1.03/lib/* c:/usr/local/lib 
cp c:/usr/local/bin/* /bin 
cp c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/bin/* /bin 
</code>
<item> mount c:/usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin 
<code>
mount c:/usr/local/include /usr/local/include 
mount c:/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib 
cp /local/lib/* /usr/local/lib 
</code>
</enum>
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<sect1> ¦w¸Ë PostgreSQL <label id="installpgsql">
<p>
<enum>
<item> ¤U¸ü³Ì·sªº PostgreSQL ·½µ{¦¡½X
<item> Postgres §â©Ò¦³ÀÉ®×·í§@¤G¤¸ÀÉ¡A©Ò¥H·|¹J¨ì lf/cf 
°ÝÃD¡A§Ú­Ì­n°µ²Ä¤G¦Ü¤­¨B¡J
<code>
mkdir -p c:/Postgres/{Source,Binary} 
mkdir c:/Postgres/Binary/pgsql 
mkdir -p /usr/src/pgsql 
mkdir -p /usr/local/pgsql 
</code>
<item> §â Postgres ·½µ{¦¡½X«þ¨©¨ì c:/Postgres/Source ¥Ø¿ý¡A¤§«á
tar -zxvf postgresql-6.5.3.tar.gz 
<item> mv postgresql-6.5.3 pgsql 
<item> ²{¦b±¾¤W¦U­Ó¥Ø¿ý¡X
<code>
mount -b c:/Postgres/Binary/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql 
mount c:/Postgres/Source/pgsql /usr/src/pgsql 
mount c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/share /sw/cygwin-b20/share 
</code>
<item> mkdir -p /usr/local/pgsql/{bin,include,lib,data} 
<item> cd /usr/src/pgsql/src/win32 
<item> «þ¨©¼ÐÀYÀÉ¡X
<code>
cp un.h c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/include/sys 
cp endian.h c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/include 
cp tcp.h c:/Unix/Root/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/include/netinet 
</code>
<item> ln -s /usr/local/lib /usr/src/pgsql/src/backend/libpostgres.a 
<item> cd /usr/src/pgsql/src, ¤§«á°õ¦æ './configure' 
<item> make > make.txt 2>&1 
<item> make install  > make.install.txt 2>&1 
<item> cp /usr/local/pgsql/lib/pq.dll /usr/local/pgsql/bin 
<item> ¦b make install ¤§«á§A­n§â bin ©M lib ¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªº¤å¦rÀÉÂà´«¡A¥H²M°£ cr/lf 
©M eof ¤§ÃþªF¦è¡C
<item> ¦b / ¥Ø¿ý¨Ï¥Î¥ô¦ó½s¿è¾¹²£¥Í .bashrc ¦p¤U¡J
<code>
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin:/usr/local/bin 
PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/data 
PGLIB=/usr/local/pgsql/lib 
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib:/usr/local/lib 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH PGDATA PGLIB 
</code>
<item> source /.bashrc, ¤§«á°õ¦æ 'initdb --username=xxxx' 
­nª`·N¸ê®Æ®w¨t²Îªº¾Ö¦³¤H¤£¥i¥H¬O root/administrator¡C
<item> ½s¿è /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf ÀÉ¡A¦p¡J
<code>
host        all     163.17.11.109   255.255.255.0   trust 
</code>
<item> ipc-daemon.exe& 
<item> postmaster -i& 
<item> °õ¦æ ' psql -h host_name template1'
</enum>
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<sect>³q«H½×¾Â
<p>
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<sect1>PostgreSQL ªº¹q¶l¤á¤f
<p>
¥H¤U¦a¤è¨ú±o§K¶O¹q¶l
<itemize>
<item> ¦b Yahoo <url url="http://www.yahoo.com"> À»¿ï e-mail
<item> In Lycos <url url="http://www.lycos.com"> À»¿ï new e-mail accounts
<item> In hotmail <url url="http://www.hotmail.com"> À»¿ï new e-mail accounts
</itemize>

­q¾\ PostgreSQL ³q«H½×¾Â¡A¦Ó Yahoo ¦³¤@­Óªþ¥[¯S¦â¡A¥i¬° PostgreSQL 
¹q¶l«Ø¥ß¿W¥ßªº¥Ø¿ý¡A§K­PÂZ¶Ã§A¨ä¥Lªº¹q¶l¡C¾Ü¿ï¥Ø¿ý Email- &gt Options- &gt 
Filters ¤Î´z¿ï seperate folder for email¡C
§A¥i¥Î³o­Ó¹q¶l¤á¤f¦b¥@¬É¥ô¦ó¦a¤è¦¬µo¹q¶l¡A¥u­n§A¯à¤Wºô¡C

¦pªG§A¦³¨ä¥L¹q¶l¡A§A¥i¥Î¡§Mail Filters¡¨¨Ó¦Û°Ê§â PostgreSQL 
¶l¥ó©ñ¨ì¿W¥ßªº¥Ø¿ý¡A¥H§K²V¶Ã¡C
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<sect1>­^¤å³q«H½×¾Â
<p>
½Ð°Ñ¾\¥Dºô­¶ªº Mailing Lists ¶µ¥Ø¡J
<itemize>
<item> <url url="http://www.postgresql.org/">
<item>§â°ÝÃD¹q¶l¦Ü¡J
	<htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-questions@postgresql.org"
             name="pgsql-questions@postgresql.org">
<item> ¶}µo¤H­û <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org"
             name="pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org">
<item> ¦³Ãö²¾´Óªº°ÝÃD <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-ports@postgresql.org"
             name="pgsql-ports@postgresql.org">
<item> ¤å¥ó°ÝÃD <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"
             name="pgsql-docs@postgresql.org">
</itemize>
§A·|¦b¤@¤é¤§¤º±q¹q¶l¦¬¨ìµª®×©Î¦^ÂÐ¡C

§A¤]¥i­q¾\³q°T½×¾Â¡C­n­q¾\©Î°±¤î­q¾\¡A¹q¶l¦Ü
<itemize>
<item> <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-questions-request@postgresql.org"
             name="pgsql-questions-request@postgresql.org">
<item> <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-hackers-request@postgresql.org"
             name="pgsql-hackers-request@postgresql.org">
<item> <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-ports-request@postgresql.org"
             name="pgsql-ports-request@postgresql.org">
<item> <htmlurl url="mailto:pgsql-docs-request@postgresql.org"
             name="pgsql-docs-request@postgresql.org">
</itemize>
°T®§ªº¥¿¤å¥u¥i¦³¤@¦æ
<p>
subscribe
<p>
¡]©Î¡^
<p>
unsubscribe
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<sect1>³q«H½×¾Â¦s®w
<p>
³q«H½×¾Â¤]¥H html ®æ¦¡¦s®w¦b¥H¤U¦a¤è¡J
<itemize>
<item> ¸g MHonarc ¦A¸g WWW ªº¨C¤é¥Ø¿ý
        <url url="http://www.postgresql.org/mhonarc/pgsql-questions">
<item> <url url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org"> ¥Ø¿ý /pub/majordomo
</itemize>
PostgreSQL ¥Dºô­¶¤¤¤]¦³¤@­Ó±M¬° pgsql °ÝÃD¦Ó³]ªº·j´M¤ÞÀº¡C
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<sect1>¦è¯Z¤ú¤å³q«H½×¾Â
<p>
¥Ø«e¦³¤@­Ó¡u«D©x¤è¡vªº¦è¯Z¤ú¤å PostgreSQL ³q«H½×¾Â¡C­n­q¾\ªº¸Ü¡A¥ÎªÌ»Ý¹q¶l¦Ü¡J
<itemize>
<item> <htmlurl url="mailto:majordomo@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx"
             name="majordomo@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx">
</itemize>
°T®§ªº¥¿¤å¥u¥i¦³¤@¦æ

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PostgreSQL µo¦æª©¥»¤¤¤w¥]¬A¥H¤U¦U¶µªº postscript¡BHTML ®æ¦¡ ©M unix 
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§A¥i¦b¥H¤U¦a¤è§ä¨ì¤U¦C¤å¥ó¡J <url url="http://www.postgresql.org/docs">

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<item> "Installation Guide"
<item> "User Guide" for PostgreSQL
<item> "Implementation Guide" ¸Ô²Ó»¡©ú PostgreSQL ¸ê®Æ®wªº¤º³¡¹B§@
<item> ½u¤W»¡©ú®Ñ
<item> HTML ®æ¦¡ªº½u¤W»¡©ú®Ñ
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<item> ¤º«Ø¸ê®Æ«¬ºA©M¹Bºâ¤¸ªº¦W³æ©M¸Ñ»¡
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A ¬O§_ PSQL «ü¥Oªº¤@³¡¤À
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<item> ¤ä´©ªº SQL ÃöÁä¦r¦W³æ
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<item> PostgreSQL ªº°ò¥»ªºÃöÁp¦¡¸ê®Æ®w·§©À¡]¹ê¬I¤èªk¡^©M¼Æ­Ó½u¤W¨Ò¤l¡]¬d¸ß¡^
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¬Ý src/test ¤¤ªº regression ´ú¸Õ¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ref name="¨Ò¤l RPM" 
id="Examples RPM">¡C§A·|§ä¨ì regress/sql ©M suite/*.sql ¥Ø¿ý¡C
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<item> "Understanding the New SQL: A Complete Guide" - Jim Melton ©M 
Alan R.Simon µÛ
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Morgan Kaufman Publisher ¬O¨ä¤¤¤@¥»³Ì¦nªº SQL ®Ñ¡C³o¥»®Ñ¥H SQL92 ¬°·Ç¡C
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<item> "A Guide to THE SQL STANDARD" - C.J.Date µÛ
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Addison-Wesley Publishing company ¤]¬O¤@¥»¦n®Ñ¡C¦³Ãö SQL ªº¦W§@¡C
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<item>SQL - The Standard Handbook,  ¤@¤E¤E¤G¦~¤Q¤@¤ë
<tscreen><verb>
Stephen Cannan ©M Gerard Otten
McGraw-Hill Book Company Europe , Berkshire, SL6 2QL, England
</verb></tscreen>
<item>SQL Instant Reference, 1993
<tscreen><verb>
Martin Gruber, Technical Editor: Joe Celko
SYBEX Inc.  2021 Challenger Drive Alameda, CA 94501
</verb></tscreen>
<item> C.J.Date, "An introduction to Database Systems"
(²Ä¤»ª©), Addison-Wesley, 1995, ISBN 0-201-82458-2
<tscreen><verb>
³o¥»¬O¸ê®Æ®wºÞ²z¨t²Îªº¸t¸g¡C³o¥»®Ñ¸Ô²Ó»¡©ú¥¿³W¤Æ (normalization)¡BSQL¡B«ì´_ 
(recovery)¡B¨Ã¦æ©Ê (concurrency)¡B«O¦w¡B¾ã¦X©Ê (integrity)¡B
¹ï­ì¥»ªºÃöÁp¼Ò¦¡ªº©µ¦ù¡B²{¤µªº¸ÜÃD¦p¥D±q¨t²Î©Mª«¥ó¾É¦V¼Ò¦¡¡C
¤]¥]¬A¤j¶q°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¥H¨Ñ²`¤J¬ã¨s¡C¦V¤j³¡¤À¥Î¤á±ÀÂË¡C
</verb></tscreen>
<item> Stefan Stanczyk, "Theory and Practice of Relational Databases",
UCL Press Ltd, 1990, ISBN 1-857-28232-9
<tscreen><verb>
³o¥»®Ñ¸Ô²Ó»¡©úÃöÁp¦¡¸ê®Æ®w¡BÃö«Y¥N¼Æ (relational algebra)¡BÃö«Yºtºâ (calculus)
©M¥¿³W¤Æªº²z½×¡C¦ý¥¦¤£¥]§t²{¹ê¥@¬Éªº°ÝÃD©M¸û½ÆÂøªº¨Ò¤l¡C¦V¤j³¡¤À¥Î¤á±ÀÂË¡C
</verb></tscreen>
<item>"The Practical SQL Handbook" ²Ä¤Tª©¡A
Addison Wesley Developers Press
ISBN 0-201-44787-8
<tscreen><verb>
¦V¤j³¡¤À¥Î¤á±ÀÂË¡C
</verb></tscreen>
<item> Michael Stonebraker, "Readings in Database Systems",
Morgan Kaufmann, 1988, ISBN 0-934613-65-6
<tscreen><verb>
³o¬O¹L¥h¼Æ¦~¦³Ãö¸ê®Æ®wªº½×¤å¶°¡C¥¦¤£¬Oµ¹¤@¯ë¥ÎªÌ¬Ý¡A¦Ó¬O¶i¶¥ªº¾Ç¥Í¡]¬ã¨s¥Í¡^
©Î¸ê®Æ®w¶}µo¤H­û¡C
</verb></tscreen>
<item> C.J.Date, "Relational Database - Selected Readings",
Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-14196-5
<tscreen><verb>
³o¬O¹L¥h¼Æ¦~¦³Ãö¸ê®Æ®wªº½×¤å¶°¡C¥¦¤£¬Oµ¹¤@¯ë¥ÎªÌ¬Ý¡A¦Ó¬O¶i¶¥ªº¾Ç¥Í¡]¬ã¨s¥Í¡^
©Î¸ê®Æ®w¶}µo¤H­û¡C
</verb></tscreen>
<item> Nick Ryan ©M Dan Smith, "Database Systems Engineering",
International Thomson Computer Press, 1995, ISBN 1-85032-115-9
<tscreen><verb>
³o¥»®Ñ²`¤J»¡©ú¦s¨ú¤èªk©MÀx¦s§Þ¦Ò¡C
</verb></tscreen>
<item> Bipin C. Desai, "An introduction to Database Systems",
West Publishing Co., 1990, ISBN 0-314-66771-7
<tscreen><verb>
¥¦¤£¬Oµ¹¤@¯ë¥ÎªÌ¬Ý¡A¦Ó¬O¶i¶¥ªº¾Ç¥Í¡]¬ã¨s¥Í¡^©Î¸ê®Æ®w¶}µo¤H­û¡C
</verb></tscreen>
<item> Joe Celko "INSTANT SQL Programming"
<tscreen><verb>
Wrox Press Ltd.
Unit 16, 20 James Road, Tyseley
Birmingham, B11 2BA, England
1995
</verb></tscreen>
<item> Michael Gorman "Database Management Systems: Understanding and 
Applying Database"
<tscreen><verb>
Technology
QED and John Wiley
1991
</verb></tscreen>
<item> Michael Gorman "Enterprise Database for a Client/Server Environment"
QED and John Wiley
<tscreen><verb>
»¡©ú«Ø¥ß¸g¥Ñ repository metamodels ªº¥D±q¸ê®Æ®wÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº­n¨D©M ANSI
¼Ð·Ç SQL 1993 ªºÀ³¥Î¡C
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</itemize>

ÁÙ¦³¼Æ¥H¦Ê­p¦³Ãö SQL ªº®Ñ¡I¨ì®Ñ©±¬Ý¬Ý§a¡C
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<sect1> ANSI/ISO SQL ³W®æ¤å¥ó¡XSQL 1992, SQL 1998
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ANSI/ISO SQL ³W®æ¤å¥ó¥i¦b¤U¦Cºô¯¸§ä¨ì¡J
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<item> <url url="http://www.naiua.org/std-orgs.html">

<item> <url url="http://www.ansi.org/docs"> ´w°ÊÀÉ®× cat_c.html 
¤Î´M§ä¡§Database SQL¡¨¡C

<item> SQL92 ¼Ð·Ç <url url="http://www.jcc.com"> ´w°ÊÀÉ®× sql_stnd.html¡C

<item> ANSI/ISO SQL ³W®æ <url 
url="http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~shadow/sql.html"> 
§A·|¦b¦¹§ä¨ì SQL ªº°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡C
</itemize>
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<sect1>
ANSI/ISO SQL 1992 ªº»yªk
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½Ð°Ñ¾\¥»¤å¥óªºªþ¿ý¥Ò <ref name="ªþ¿ý¥Ò" id="Appendix A">
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<sect1>
ANSI/ISO SQL 1998 ªº»yªk
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SQL 1998 (SQL 3) ³W®æ¤´¦b¶}µo¤¤¡C°Ñ¬Ý¥»¤å¥óªº¡§¹q¤l³~®|¨ú±o SQL3 ¯ó®×¡¨
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ªì¾ÇªÌ SQL ¾É¤Þ
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<sect1>
SQL92 ªº®ÉºA©µ¦ù (Temporal Extension)
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<item>SQL92 ªº®ÉºA©µ¦ùªº¤å¥ó
<url url="ftp://FTP.cs.arizona.edu/tsql/tsql2/">

<item>Temporal SQL-3 ³W®æ
<url url="ftp://FTP.cs.arizona.edu/tsql/tsql2/sql3/">
</itemize>

³o¥Ø¿ý¤¤¥]¬A¤@­Ó SQL-92 »y¨¥³W®æªº®ÉºA©µ¦ù¡C³oºØ·s»y¨¥³Q¦W¬° TSQL2¡C

³o¸Ìªº»y¨¥³W®æ¬O³o»y¨¥ªº³Ì²×ª©¥»¡C

¥iª½±µÁpµ¸ TSQL2 ³]­p©e­û·|ªº¥D®u¡JRichard T.Snodgrass, 
Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721,
<itemize>
<item>       <htmlurl url="mailto:rts@cs.arizona.edu"
		name="rts@cs.arizona.edu">
</itemize>
TSQL2 Language Design Committee ªº¹q¶l¦a§}©M¤J·|¸Ô±¡¥i¦b»y¨¥³W®æ³Ì«áªº
¤@³¹§ä¨ì¡C

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spec.dvi,.ps	TSQL2 »y¨¥³W®æ¡A¤@¤E¤E¥|¦~¤E¤ë¥Xª©

bookspec.ps	TSQL2 »y¨¥³W®æ¡A¤º®e¦p¦b TSQL2 ªº®Ñ¯ë¡A¤@¤E¤E¤­¦~¤Q¤ë
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©M¬ã¨s¦p¦ó¹ê½î³o»y¨¥¡C³o¨Çµû½×­ì¥»¬Oµ¹ TSQL2 Language Design Committee 
ªº«ØÄ³¡C¥¦­Ì²{¦b¦³¥t¤@­Ó¥Î³B¡J´£¨Ñ¦³Ãö TSQL2 ºc³yªº¨Ò¤l¡B
±À°Ê³]­p®É§@¥Xªº¤j¶q¨M©w¡B¤ñ¸û TSQL2 ©M¹L¥h¤Q¤­¦~¦³¤H´£Ä³¹Lªº¤j¶q»y¨¥¡C
¥²¶·±j½Õ¡A½Ð¨Çµû½×¥Ø«e¤£¬O TSQL2 »y¨¥³W®æªº¤@³¡¤À¡A¦Ó¬O¹ï¥¦ªº¸É¥R©Mµo®i¡C
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Snodgrass, R.T., editor, The TSQL2 Temporal Query Language, Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 1995, 674+xxiv ­¶¡C

®Ñ¤¤¦³¤@­Ó¸`¿ý¤Fªºµû»ù¡A§¹¾ãªºµû»ù¦b¦¹¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªº eval.ps ´£¨Ñ¡C

tl2tsql2.pl ÀÉ¬O¤@­Ó§âÀò±µ¨üªº®ÉºAÅÞ¿è (temporal logic) Â½Ä¶¬° TSQL2 ªº 
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<item> <url url="http://www.cs.auc.dk/general/DBS/tdb/TimeCenter/Software">
</itemize>
(the TimeDB and Tiger systems).
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²Ä¹s³¡¤À¡X¨ú±o ISO/ANSI SQL ¤å¥ó <label id="SQL 1998">
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  -r--r--r--  1 root     system     357782 Feb 25 10:18 x3h2-93-081.ps
  -r--r--r--  1 root     system     158782 Feb 25 10:19 x3h2-93-081.txt
  -r--r--r--  1 root     system     195202 Feb 25 10:20 x3h2-93-082.ps
  -r--r--r--  1 root     system      90900 Feb 25 10:20 x3h2-93-082.txt
  -r--r--r--  1 root     system    5856284 Feb 25 09:55 x3h2-93-091.ps
  -r--r--r--  1 root     system    3043687 Feb 25 09:57 x3h2-93-091.txt
  226 Transfer complete.
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  ftp> get x3h2-93-082.txt
  200 PORT command successful.
  150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for x3h2-93-082.txt (90900 bytes).
  226 Transfer complete.
  90900 bytes received in 0.53 seconds (166.11 Kbytes/s)
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  % <³oÀÉ®×¤w¦¨¬°§Aªº¹q¸£¤¤ªº x3h2-93-082.txt>
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²Ä¤@³¡¤À¡XISO/ANSI SQL ·í«e±¡ªp
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(generalization and specialization hierarchies)¡B¦h¯ÅÄ~©Ó (multiple 
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(assertions)¡Bª¾ÃÑ®w¨t²Î¤ä´© (support for knowledge based systems)¡B°j»¼¬d¸ß¦¡ 
(recursive query expression) ©Mªþ¥[¸ê®ÆºÞ²z¤u¨ã¡C¥¦¤]¥]¬A©â¶H¸ê®Æ«¬ºA 
(ADTs)¡Bª«¥óÃÑ§O¦r (object identifiers)¡B¤èªk (methods)¡BÄ~©Ó 
(inheritance)¡B¦h«¬ (polymorphism)¡B¥]¸Ë (encapsulation)¡B
©M©Ò¦³¨ä¥L»Pª«¥ó¸ê®ÆºÞ²z¦³Ãöªº¥\¯àªº³W®æ¡C

¤@¤E¤E¤»¦~¬î©u¡ASQL3 ¼Æ­Ó³¡¤À¶i¦æ¤F¤@¦¸ ISO CD ¤£°O¦W§ë²¼¡C³o¼Æ³¡¤À¬O 
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(editing meeting)¡A³B²z¤F¤j¶q¦bµû½×¤¤´£¤Î©Î¥t¥~´£¥æªº°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¡C
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¾Ú¦ô­p¡A¦b¤C¤ëªº½s¿è·|Ä³¤§«á¡A·|¦A´£¥X¹ï¦³Ãö¨º¨Ç³¡¤Àªº SQL ¶i¦æ³Ì«áªº CD 
§ë²¼¡C³Ì«á CD ¹Lµ{·|ªá¤j¬ù¤»­Ó¤ë¡A¤§«á·|¦³ DBL ½s¿è·|Ä³¡BDIS §ë²¼©M§Ö±¶ªº 
IS §ë²¼¡C

ISO ªºµ{§Ç¦b SQL/92 ¤§«á§ïÅÜ¤F¡A©Ò¥H SQL ©e­û·|¤´¦bºN¯Á³o¹Lµ{ªº¸Ô±¡¡C

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<item>   Part 1: Framework A non-technical description of how the document is
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     features.
<item>   Part 3: SQL/CLI The Call Level Interface.
<item>   Part 4: SQL/PSM The stored procedures specification, including
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     American National Standards Institute
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²Ä¤T³¡¤À¡XISO/ANSI SQL ©I¥s¯Å¤¶­± (Call Level Interface)
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²Ä¤­³¡¤À¡X ISO/ANSI SQL/µ²¦X (Bindings)
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(SQL Resource Manager) ¤§¶¡À³¥Îµ{¦¡¤¶­± (API) ´£¨Ñ¼Ð·Ç¡C¥¦·|®Ú¾Ú ISO/IEC 
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¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¨ç¼Æ©I¥s¡ASQL ¸ê·½ºÞ²z­û·|¥Î¥H¤ä´©¤À¤G¶¥¬qªº½T©w (two-phase 
commit)¡C°òÂ¦ªº¤å¥ó¬O¦Û¸g X/Open §å·Ç¦Ó¨Ó¦Û¤@¥÷ X/Open ¥Xª©ª«¡A¥¦²M·¡ªº«ü©ú 
xa_close, xa_commit, xa_complete, xa_end, xa_forget, xa_open, xa_prepare, 
xa_recover, xa_rollback ©M xa_start µ¥¦h­Ó¨ç¼Æ¡A¥H SQL 
¸ê®Æ«¬ºAªº¿é¤J©M¿é¥X°Ñ¼Æªº»yªk¡C

ISO ¥Ø«e¥¿¹Á¸ÕºÉ§Ö°l¤W (fast-tract) X/Open XA ³W®æ¡C
³o­Ó¹Lµ{­ì«Ê¤£°Ê±Ä¥Î¤@­Ó¥Ø«eªº·~¬É³W®æ¡C¥H ISO SC21¡AJTC 1 µ¥¯Åªº XA 
ºÉ§Ö°l¤W§ë²¼¦b¤@¤E¤E¤­¦~¥|¤ë¤G¤Q¤C¤é¶}©l¡A¤@¤E¤E¤­¦~¤Q¤ë¤G¤Q¤C¤éµ²§ô¡C¦pªG XA 
³W®æ¸g 75% ²¼¼Æ©M 2/3 ªº JTC 1 p-members §å·Ç¡A¥¦·|¦¨¬°¤@­Ó°ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç¡C
¦pªG¸gºÉ§Ö°l¤W§ë²¼§å·Ç¡ASQL/XA ¥i¦b 1996 ¦~¦¨¬°¼Ð·Ç¡C
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<sect1>
²Ä¤C³¡¤À¡X®ÉºA ISO/ANSI SQL 
<p>
®ÉºA SQL ³B²z©M®É¶¡¦³Ãöªº¸ê®Æ¡C¨ä·§©À¬O¦b¬d¸ß¸ê®Æ®É§Q¥Î¥¦¦b¤@­Ó¯S©w®É¶¡ªº±¡ªp¡C
®ÉºA SQL ¬O¤@¥÷¥Ñ Rick Snodgrass ¦b¤@¤E¤E¥|¦~¤Q¤G¤ë©Ò¼g¡A´y­z³o·§©Àªº¤å¥ó¡C

X3 «Å§G½T»{¤@­Ó·s­p¹º¡AISO/IEC 9075 Part 7:
SQL/Temporal ¬O¤@¥÷Ãö©ó SQL/Temporal ªº·s»D½Z
<tscreen><verb>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
				Temporal SQL
				************
Rick Snodgrass¡]TSQL2 ©e­û·|¥D®u¡^
31-Dec-1994
</verb></tscreen>
¦³¤H½èºÃ¹L SQL 3 ¹ïªþ¥[®É¶¡¤ä´©ªº°ÝÃD¡]¦p¦b DBL R10-75 ´£Ä³¡A­n¨D SQL 
¦³·sªº³¡¤À¨Ó³B²z®É¶¡©Êªº¸ê®Æ®w¡^¡C¨ä½×ÂI¬O©â¶H¸ê®Æ§ÎºA (ADT's) ¨¬¥H¤ä´©®ÉºA¡C
¦b³o¸ê°T©Êªº¶µ¥Ø¡A§Ú¨Ï¥Î¨ãÅé¨Ò¤l¨Ó½×ÃÒ¾Ö¦³©â¶H¸ê®Æ§ÎºAªºÄæ¦ì¤£¯à³B²z®ÉºA¬d¸ß¡C
¯S§O¨Ó»¡¡A«Ü¦h®É¶¡©Êªº¬d¸ß¤£¬O«ÜÃø¥Î SQL ¼ÒÀÀ¡A´N¬O»Ý¦b¹Lµ{»y¨¥¤¤¨Ï¥Î´O¤J¦¡ 
SQL¡C¨ä¥L¿ï¾Ü¦b TSQL2¡A¤@­Ó¹ï SQL-92 ªº®ÉºA©µ¦ù¤¤´£¥X¤F¡C
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<sect2>¾É¨¥
<p>
¦³®Ä®É¶¡ (Valid-time) ªº¤ä´©¶W¥X¤@­Ó®ÉºA ADT ªº¯à¤O¡C¨Ï¥Î«áªÌ¡A
¤@­ÓÄæ¦ì³Q«ü©w¬°®ÉºA»â°ì¡A¦p DATE ©Î INTERVAL¡]µy«á·|¦³¨Ò¤l¡^¡CÄyµÛ¦³®Ä®É¶¡¡A
ªí®æªº¨C¦æÀHµÛ®É¶¡§ïÅÜ¡A¦]¬°²{¹ê§ïÅÜ¤F¡CÁpÃ´¨ì¤@­Ó¦³®Ä®É¶¡ªí®æªº¬Y¦æªº®É¶¡ÂW°O 
(timestamp)¡A·|³Q¬d¸ß»y¨¥²z¸Ñ¬°¸Ó¦æ¤¤¦UÄæ¼Æ­Èªº²Õ¦X¦³®Äªº®É¶¡¡C
³o­ÓµL¶·¨¥©úªº®É¶¡ÂW°O¨Ï±o¬d¸ß¥i¥HÂ²³æ©ö©ú¦aªí¹F¥X¨Ó¡C
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<sect2>­Ó®×¬ã¨s¡XÀx¦s²{®É¸ê®Æ
<p>
The University of Arizona ªº Office of Appointed Personnel 
¦b¸ê®Æ®w¤¤¦³¨Ç¸ê®Æ¡A¥]¬A¹µ­û¦W¦r¡B¥Ø«eÁ~ª÷©M¥Ø«eÂ¾¦ì¡C
³o¨Ç¥i¥Î¤@­ÓÂ²³æªºªí®æªí¹F¥X¨Ó¡C
<tscreen><verb>
        Employee(Name, Salary, Title)
</verb></tscreen>
¨Ï¥Î³o­Óªí®æ´M§ä¤@­Ó¹µ­ûªºÁ~ª÷¤Q¤ÀÂ²³æ¡C
<tscreen><verb>
        SELECT Salary
        FROM Employee
        WHERE Name = 'Bob'
</verb></tscreen>
²{¦b OAP ·Q¦A°O¿ý¥X¥Í¤é´Á¡C¬°¨Ç¡A¦bªí®æ¤¤¥[¤F¤@Äæ¡A²£¥Í¥H¤Uºõ¥Ø (schema)¡J
<tscreen><verb>
        Employee(Name, Salary, Title, DateofBirth DATE)
</verb></tscreen>
§ä´M¤@¦W¹µ­ûªº¥X¥Í¤é´Á­Ó´M§äÁ~ª÷Ãþ¦ü¡C
<tscreen><verb>
        SELECT DateofBirth
        FROM Employee
        WHERE Name = 'Bob'
</verb></tscreen>
<!--
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<sect2>­Ó®×¬ã¨s¡XÀx¦s¾ú¥v¸ê®Æ
<p>OAP ·Q§â¨ü¹µ¾ú¥v¹q¸£¤Æ¡C¬°¦¹¡A¥L­Ì¥[¤W¨âÄæ¡A
¤@Äæ«ü¥Xªí¥Ü¦¹¦æªº¸ê®Æ¦ó®É¶}©l¦³®Ä¡A¥t¤@«ü¥X¸ê®Æ¦ó®É¥¢®Ä¡C

Employee (Name, Salary, Title, DateofBirth, Start DATE, Stop DATE)

¥H¸ê®Æ¼Ò«¬ (data model) »¡¡A³o¨Ç·sÄæ¦ì©M DateofBirth ²@µL¤À§O¡C¤£¹L¡A
¥¦­Ìªº¦s¦b²£¥Í¦hºØµ²ªG¡C
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<sect2>­Ó®×¬ã¨s¡X§ë¬M (Projection)
<p>
­n§ä¥X¹µ­û¥Ø«eªºÁ~ª÷·|¸û¬°§xÃø¡C
<tscreen><verb>
        SELECT Salary
        FROM Employee
        WHERE Name = 'Bob' AND Start <= CURRENT_DATE AND CURRENT_DATE <= Stop
</verb></tscreen>
³o¥y¬d¸ß¤ñ¤§«eªº½ÆÂø¡C¤¸¤¿«Ü©úÅã¬O·s¼Wªº¨âÄæ¡COAP ·Qµo¥XÁ~ª÷¾ú¥vµ¹¦U­û¤u¡C
¯S§O¦a¡A¦³»Ý­n§ä¥X¨C¤@¦W¹µ­û¦b¦¬¨ü¤@­ÓÁ~¹Sªº³Ìªø®É¶¡¡C¤£©¯¦a¡A¥Î SQL 
¤£¯à°µ¨ì¡C¤@¦W¹µ­û¦bÁ~¹S½Õ¾ã´Á¶¡Â¾»Î¥i¦³¦h¦¸ÅÜ§ó¡C
<tscreen><verb>
Name    Salary  Title             DateofBirth   Start           Stop
----    ------  -----             -----------   -----           ----
Bob     60000   Assistant Provost 1945-04-09    1993-01-01      1993-05-30
Bob     70000   Assistant Provost 1945-04-09    1993-06-01      1993-09-30
Bob     70000   Provost           1945-04-09    1993-10-01      1994-01-31
Bob     70000   Professor         1945-04-09    1994-02-01      1994-12-31

                               ¹Ï 1
</verb></tscreen>
­nª`·N¦³¤T¦æ Bob ªºÁ~ª÷°±¯d¦b $70,000¡C©Ò¥H¡Aµ²ªGÀ³¸Ó¬O Bob ¦³¨â¦æ¡C
<tscreen><verb>
Name    Salary  Start           Stop
----    ------  -----           ----
Bob     60000   1993-01-01      1993-05-30
Bob     70000   1993-06-01      1994-12-31
</verb></tscreen>
¥t¤@¤èªk¬O§âÁ~ª÷©MÂ¾¯Å¸ê®Æ¦Lµ¹¥ÎªÌ¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¥ÎªÌ§ä¥X¥LªºÁ~¹S¦ó®ÉÅÜ§ó¡C
³o¤èªk¬J¤£§l¤Þ¡A¥ç¤£¹ê»Ú¡C¥t¤@¤èªk¬OºÉ¶q¨Ï¥Î SQL¡C
<tscreen><verb>
CREATE TABLE Temp(Salary, Start, Stop)
AS      SELECT Salary, Start, Stop
        FROM Employee;
</verb></tscreen>
repeat
<tscreen><verb>
        UPDATE Temp T1
        SET (T1.Stop) = (SELECT MAX(T2.Stop)
                         FROM Temp AS T2
                         WHERE T1.Salary = T2.Salary AND T1.Start < T2.Start
                                AND T1.Stop >= T2.Start AND T1.Stop < T2.Stop)
        WHERE EXISTS (SELECT *
                      FROM Temp AS T2
                      WHERE T1.Salary = T2.Salary AND T1.Start < T2.Start
                                AND T1.Stop >= T2.Start AND T1.Stop < T2.Stop)
        until no rows updated;

DELETE FROM Temp T1

WHERE EXISTS (SELECT *
              FROM Temp AS T2
              WHERE T1.Salary = T2.Salary
                        AND ((T1.Start > T2.Start AND T1.Stop <= T2.Stop)
                        OR (T1.Start >= T2.Start AND T1.Stop < T2.Stop))
</verb></tscreen>
°j°é¤¤§ä¥X­«Å|©Î¬Û¾F¦Ó»Ý­n¦X¨Öªº®É¬q¡C¦b³ÌÃaªº±¡ªp¡A°j°é·|°õ¦æ log N ¦¸¡AN 
«ü¤@³s¦ê­«Å|©Î¬Û¾Fªº¦PÁ~ª÷¬ö¿ýªº¼Æ¶q¡CÅªªÌ¥i¦Û¦æ¼ÒÀÀ¬d¸ß¦b¥H¤W¨Ò¤lªº°õ¦æ¡A
¥HÅçÃÒ¥¦ªº¥¿½T©Ê¡C

²Ä¤TºØ¤èªk¬O¨Ï¥Î SQL ¬°ªí®æ¶}±Ò¤@­Ó´å¼Ð 
(cursor)¡C¬°¨C­ÓÁ~ª÷ºÞ²z¤@­Ó¦U¬q¸¨ªºÃìªí (linked list)¡C³oÃìªí¶}©l®É»Ý¬°ªÅ¥Õ¡C
<tscreen><verb>
DECLARE emp_cursor CURSOR FOR
        SELECT Salary, Title, Start, Stop
        FROM Employee;
OPEN emp_cursor;
loop:
        FETCH emp_cursor INTO :salary, :start, :stop;
        if no-data returned then goto finished;
        find position in linked list to insert this information;
        goto loop;
finished:
CLOSE emp_cursor;
</verb></tscreen>
­«ÂÐ¦ÜÃìªíµ²§ô¡A¦L¥X¤é´Á©MÁ~ª÷¡C

¦pªG´å¼Ð¬O ORDER BY Start¡AÃìªí¨Ã«D¥²­n¡C

µL½×¦p¦ó¡A¤@¥yÂ²³æªº¬d¸ß¬O¤£©ö¥Î SQL-92 ªº¥\¯àªí¹F¥X³o¥Øªº¡C¨Ï¥Î TSQL2 
ªº¸Ü³o¬d¸ß·|«ÜÂ²³æ¡C
<tscreen><verb>
        SELECT Salary
        FROM Employee
</verb></tscreen>
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<sect2>®×¨Ò¬ã¨s¡X³sµ² (JOIN)
<p>
¤@­Ó§ó¿E¶iªº¤èªk¬O§âºõ¥Ø­«¾ã¡A§âÁ~ª÷¡BÂ¾¯Å¡B¥X¥Í¤é´Á¸ê®Æ¤À¶}¡A
±q¦ÓÁ×¶}©â¨úÁ~¹S¾ú¥v®É¹J¨ìªº°ÝÃD¡C¡]¬°¤è«K­p¡A§Ú­Ì¥H«áªº°Q½×¤¤¤£¦A¦Ò¼{¥X¥Í¤é´Á¡C¡^
<tscreen><verb>
        Employee1 (Name, Salary, Start DATE, Stop DATE)
        Employee2 (Name, Title, Start DATE, Stop DATE)
</verb></tscreen>
Employee1 ªí®æ¦p¤U¡J
<tscreen><verb>
Name    Salary  Start           Stop
----    ------  -----           ----
Bob     60000   1993-01-01      1993-05-30
Bob     70000   1993-06-01      1993-12-31
</verb></tscreen>
³o¬O Employee2 ªí®æ¡C
<tscreen><verb>
Name    Title                   Start           Stop
----    ------                  -----           ----
Bob     Assistant Provost       1993-01-01      1993-09-30
Bob     Provost                 1993-10-01      1994-01-31
Bob     Professor               1994-02-01      1994-12-31
</verb></tscreen>

§ïÅÜ¤§«á¡A¨ú±o¹µ­ûÁ~ª÷¸ê®ÆÅÜ±oÂ²³æ¡C
<tscreen><verb>
        SELECT Salary, Start, Stop
        FROM Employee1
        WHERE Name = 'Bob'
</verb></tscreen>
¦ý¦pªG OAP ·Q¤@­Óªí®æ¤¤¥]¬AÁ~ª÷¡BÂ¾¦ìªº®É¬q¡]§Y OAP ·Q¤@­Ó¹³¹Ï 1 
§Î¦¡ªºªí®æ¡^¡H¤@­Ó¤èªk¬O¦L¥X¨â­Óªí®æ¡A¦ÓÅý¥ÎªÌ§ä¥X¦³Ãö²Õ¦X¡C¥t¤@¤èªk¬O§¹¥þ¨Ï¥Î 
SQL¡C¤£©¯¦a¡A³o¬d¸ß­n¤ÀªR Employee1 ¨C¦æ©M Employee2 
ªº­«Å|±¡ªp¡A¦³¥|ºØ¥i¯à¥X²{¡C
<tscreen><verb>
SELECT Employee1.Name, Salary, Dept, Employee1.Start, Employee1.Stop
FROM Employee1, Employee2
WHERE Employee1.Name = Employee2.Name
     AND Employee2.Start <= Employee1.Start AND Employee1.Stop < Employee2.Stop
UNION
SELECT Employee1.Name, Salary, Dept, Employee1.Start, Employee2.Stop
FROM Employee1, Employee2
WHERE Employee1.Name = Employee2.Name
     AND Employee1.Start >= Employee2.Start AND Employee2.Stop < Employee1.Stop
        AND Employee1.Start < Employee2.Stop
UNION
SELECT Employee1.Name, Salary, Dept, Employee2.Start, Employee1.Stop
FROM Employee1, Employee2
WHERE Employee1.Name = Employee2.Name
     AND Employee2.Start > Employee1.Start AND Employee1.Stop < Employee2.Stop
        AND Employee2.Start < Employee1.Stop
UNION
SELECT Employee1.Name, Salary, Dept, Employee2.Start, Employee2.Stop
FROM Employee1, Employee2
WHERE Employee1.Name = Employee2.Name
     AND Employee2.Start > Employee1.Start AND Employee2.Stop < Employee1.Stop
</verb></tscreen>
¥¿½T§ä¥X©Ò¦³±¡§Î¬O¤@¥ó¨ã¬D¾Ô©Êªº¤u§@¡C¨Ï¥Î 
TSQL2¡A¶i¦æ¤@­Ó¨ã®ÉºAªº³sµ²´N¦p¤H­Ì©Ò´Á±æ¡C
<tscreen><verb>
        SELECT Employee1.Name, Salary, Dept
        FROM Employee1, Employee2
        WHERE Employee1.Name = Employee2.Name
</verb></tscreen>
<!--
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<sect2>­Ó®×¬ã¨s¡X»E¶° (AGGREGATES)
<p>
²{¦b OAP ³Q°Ý¤Î³Ì°ªÁ~¹S¬O¤°»ò¡H¥[¤W®É¶¡«e¡A³o«ÜÂ²³æ¡C
<tscreen><verb>
        SELECT MAX(Salary)
        FROM Employee
</verb></tscreen>
²{¦b¥[¤W¤FÁ~ª÷¾ú¥v¡A§Ú­Ì­n§ä¥X¤£¦P®É¶¡³Ì°ªÁ~ª÷ªº¾ú¥v¡C°ÝÃD·íµM¬O SQL 
¨Ã¤£´£¨Ñ¨ã®ÉºAªº»E¶°¡CÂ²³æªº¤èªk¬O¦L¥X¦³Ãö¸ê®Æ¡A¥Î¤H¤â§ä¥X³Ì¤j­È¡C
¥t¤@­Ó¤èªk¬O¨ú¥©¡A§â¤@­Ó·í®Éªº (snapshot) »E¶°¬d¸ßÂà¤Æ¬°¤£¨Ï¥Î»E¶°ªº¬d¸ß¡A
¦AÂà¤Æ¬°®ÉºA»E¶°¡C¨º­Ó¤£¨Ï¥Î»E¶°ªº¬d¸ß¥Î©ó§ä¥X¤£¤j©ó¥¦¥»¨­¼Æ­ÈªºÁ~ª÷¡C
<tscreen><verb>
        SELECT Salary
        FROM Employee AS E1
        WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT *
                          FROM Employee AS E2
                          WHERE E2.Salary > E1.Salary)
</verb></tscreen>
§â³o­Ó¬d¸ßÅÜ¬°®ÉºA¬d¸ß¨Ã¤£Åã²L¡C¥H¤U¬O¤@ºØ¤èªk¡C
<tscreen><verb>
CREATE TABLE Temp (Salary, Start, Stop)
AS      SELECT Salary, Start, Stop
        FROM Employee;
INSERT INTO Temp
        SELECT T.Salary, T.Start, E.Start
        FROM Temp AS T, Employee AS E
        WHERE E.Start >= T.Start AND E.Start < T.Stop AND E.Salary > T.Salary;

INSERT INTO Temp
        SELECT T.Salary, T.Stop, E.Stop
        FROM Temp AS T, Employee AS E
        WHERE E.Stop > T.Start AND E.Stop <= T.Stop AND E.Salary > T.Salary;
DELETE FROM Temp T
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT *
              FROM Employee AS E
              WHERE ((T.Start => E.Start AND T.Start < E.Stop)
                        OR (E.Start >= T.Start AND E.Start < T.Stop))
                    AND E.Salary > T.Salary;
</verb></tscreen>
³o¤èªk«Ø¥ß»²§Uªí®æ¡C§Ú­Ì¦b³o­Óªí®æ¤¤¥[¤W¨â­Ó®É¬q¤¤­«Å|³¡¤Àªº¤W¡B¤U³¡¤À¡C
¤§«á§Ú­Ì§â©Ò¦³¤l¬d¸ß¤¤§ä¥Xªº¬ö¿ý§R°£¡A¦]¦¹¼vÅT¨ì NOT 
EXISTS¡C³Ì«á§Ú­Ì±q»²§Uªí®æ¤¤§ä¥X³Ìªøªº®É¬q¡A¹³¤§«e§Ú­Ì§ä¥XÁ~ª÷¸ê°T¯ë¡C
¦p¤j®a©Ò®Æ¡A³o¼Ëªº SQL ¥y¤l°õ¦æ®É®Ä²v«D±`§C¡A¦]¬°¨º¨Ç½ÆÂøªº±_ª¬¤£µ¥¬d¸ß¡C

²Ä¤T­Ó¤èªk¬OºÉ¶q¤Ö¥Î SQL¡A¦Ó¦b¥D¾÷¤W©Ò¥Îªº»y¨¥¤¤¥Î´å¼Ð§ä¥X³Ìªøªº¾ú¥v¡C

¨Ï¥Î TSQL2 ¦A¦¸Â²³æª½±µ¡C
<tscreen><verb>
        SELECT MAX(Salary)
        FROM Employee
</verb></tscreen>
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<sect2>ºK­n
<p>
¤j³¡¤À¸ê®Æ®wÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡³£»Ý­n³B²zÀH®É¶¡§ïÅÜªº¸ê®Æ¡C¦³®Ä®É¶¡¦b SQL 
¨Ã¤£¤ä´©¡C«Ü¦h®ÉºA¬d¸ß¤£¬O«ÜÃø¥H SQL ¼ÒÀÀ¡A´N¬O»Ý­n§â SQL 
´O¤J¨ìµ{§Ç»y¨¥¤¤¡A¦]¬° SQL ¦b¸ê®Æ¼Ò«¬©M¬d¸ß»y¨¥µ²ºc¤¤¯Ê¥F¹ï¦³®Ä®É¶¡ªº¤ä´©¡C

¥t¤@¤è­±¡A§Ú­Ì¥Ü½d¥X¥[¤W¦³®Ä®É¶¡¤ä´©»Ý­n¹ï DBMS ¬I¦æ§@¥X¤@¨Ç§ïÅÜ¡A
¦ý¯àÀ¸¼@©Ê¦aÂ²¤Æ¤@¨Ç¬d¸ß¡A¨Ã¨Ï¨ä¥L¬d¸ßÅÜ±o¦³¥i¯à¡C±N¨Ó¤]¥i©óÀx¦sµ²ºc¡B
¯Á¤Þ¤èªkªº³Ì¨Î¤Æ (optimization)¡C¦Ó³Ì¨Î¤Æªºµ¦²¤¥i¾É­Pªí²{¤j´T´£¤É¡C

ÀHµÛ SQL3 ªº¤@­Ó·s³¡¤À¤ä´©ÀH®É¶¡§ïÅÜªº¸ê®Æ¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¶}Öí³B²z³oÃþÀ³¥Î¡A§ï¨} 
SQL3 ³B²z®ÉºA¸ê®Æªº¯à¤O¡C
<tscreen><verb>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Accredited Standards Committee* X3, Information Technology
NEWS RELEASE

¤å¥ó½s¸¹¡J       PR/96-0002

¦^ÂÐ¡J       Barbara Bennett at bbennett@itic.nw.dc.us

             X3 «Å§G»{¥i¤@­Ó³o±M®×, ISO/IEC 9075 Part 7:  SQL/Temporal

Washington D.C., 1996 ¦~¤@¤ë
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
</verb></tscreen>
-- Accredited Standards Committee X3, Information Technology «Å§G»{¥i¤@­Ó¦³Ãö 
SQL/Temporal ¤ä´©ªº·s±M®×¡AISO/IEC 9075 Part 7¡A¨Ã§â¦³Ãö¤u§@¥æ¤© Technical 
Committee X3H2, Database¡C³o­Ó«ØÄ³¤¤ªº¼Ð·Ç­q©ú±N¥X²{ªº SQL3 
¼Ð·Çªº¤@­Ó·s³¡¤À¡A¦p²Ä¤C³¡¤À Temporal SQL ¬° SQL ªº¤@­Ó©µ¦ù¡A¦b SQL 
¸ê®Æ®wÀô¹Ò¤ä´©¦s¨ú©M³B²z¨ã®ÉºAªº¸ê®Æ¡C¤U¦¸ X3H2 
·|Ä³©w©ó¤@¤E¤E¤»¦~¤T¤ë¤Q¤@¦Ü¤Q¥|¤é¦b³ôÂÄ´µ (Kansas) Á|¦æ¡C

¦p¦³¬d¸ß¡A¥i¶l±H©¹¡J
<tscreen><verb>
	Chairman of X3H2,
	Dr. Donald R. Deutsch,
	Sybase, Inc., Suite 800,
	6550 Rock Spring
	Drive, Bethesda, MD  20817.
	Email: deutsch@sybase.com.
</verb></tscreen>
²{¥¿´M¨D¥i¯àªº±M§Q©M¨ä¥L«ê·íªº¨Æ¶µ¡]ª©Åv¡B°Ó¼Ð¡^¡C³o§â¦³Ãö¸ê®Æ±H¥æ¡J
<tscreen><verb>
	X3 Secretariat at
	1250 Eye Street
	NW, Suite 200,
	Washington DC  20005.
	Email: x3sec@itic.nw.dc.us
	FAX:  (202)638-4922.
</verb></tscreen>
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<sect1>
²Ä¤K³¡¤À¡XISO/ANSI SQL ¦h´CÅé (SQL/MM)
<p>
¤@­Ó¬°«Ø¥ß¥Î©ó¦h´CÅéÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº SQL ª«¥ó¨ç¦¡®wªº·s ISO/IEC 
°ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç¤Æ­p¹º¦b¤@¤E¤E¤T¦~ªì´ÁÀò§å·Ç¶i¦æ¡C³o­Ó·s¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¦æ°Ê¦W¬° SQL Multimedia 
(SQL/MM)¡A¥¦·|¥Î¯óÀÀ¤¤ªº SQL3 ³W®æ¤¤ªº©â¶H¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡]ADT¡^³W®æ©M¥Ø¼Ð«ü©w SQL 
ADT ©w¸q®M¥ó¡C

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<itemize>
<item>   Part 1: Framework A non-technical description of how the document is
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<item>   Part 2: Full Text Methods and ADTs for text data processing. About 45
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<item>   Part 3: Spatial Methods and ADTs for spatial data management. About 200
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     national bodies.
<item>   Part 4: General Purpose Methods and ADTs for complex numbers,
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Copyright policy is GNU/GPL as per LDP (Linux Documentation project).
LDP is a GNU/GPL project.
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<!--
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-->
<appendix>
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	***********************************************************




<chapt>ªþ¿ý¥Ò¡XANSI/ISO SQL 1992 »yªk <label id="Appendix A">
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<sect>ªþ¿ý¥Ò¡XANSI/ISO SQL 1992 »yªk <label id="Appendix A">
<p>
³oÀÉ®×¤¤¥]¬A³o»y¨¥ªº BNF ¥H²`«×¬°¥ýªº¾ðª¬¼Ò±½ (depth-first tree 
traversal)¡A¤j¬ù¦b 27-AUG-1992 11:03:41.64 §¹¦¨¡C³o­Ó¯S©wª©¥»©Ò¥Îªº BNF 
¬O¥u¥Î ANSI ©M SQL2 ªº¡C
<tscreen><verb>


<SQL terminal character> ::=
      <SQL language character>
    | <SQL embedded language character>

<SQL language character> ::=
      <simple Latin letter>
    | <digit>
    | <SQL special character>

<simple Latin letter> ::=
      <simple Latin upper case letter>
    | <simple Latin lower case letter>

<simple Latin upper case letter> ::=
          A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O
    | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

<simple Latin lower case letter> ::=
          a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o
    | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z

<digit> ::=
    0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

<SQL special character> ::=
      <space>
    | <double quote>
    | <percent>
    | <ampersand>
    | <quote>
    | <left paren>
    | <right paren>
    | <asterisk>
    | <plus sign>
    | <comma>
    | <minus sign>
    | <period>
    | <solidus>
    | <colon>
    | <semicolon>
    | <less than operator>
    | <equals operator>
    | <greater than operator>
    | <question mark>
    | <underscore>
    | <vertical bar>

<space> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]¨Ï¥Î¤¤ªº¦r¶°©Ò¥ÎªºªÅ¥Õ¦r¤¸¡^

<double quote> ::= "

<percent> ::= %

<ampersand> ::= &

<quote> ::= '

<left paren> ::= (

<right paren> ::= )

<asterisk> ::= *

<plus sign> ::= +

<comma> ::= ,

<minus sign> ::= -

<period> ::= .

<solidus> ::= /

<colon> ::= :

<semicolon> ::= ;

<less than operator> ::= <

<equals operator> ::= =

<greater than operator> ::= >

<question mark> ::= ?

<underscore> ::= _

<vertical bar> ::= |

<SQL embedded language character> ::=
      <left bracket>
    | <right bracket>

<left bracket> ::= [

<right bracket> ::= ]

<token> ::=
      <nondelimiter token>
    | <delimiter token>

<nondelimiter token> ::=
      <regular identifier>
    | <key word>
    | <unsigned numeric literal>
    | <national character string literal>
    | <bit string literal>
    | <hex string literal>

<regular identifier> ::= <identifier body>

<identifier body> ::=
    <identifier start> [ ( <underscore> | <identifier part> )... ]

<identifier start> ::= <EMPHASIS>¡]!! °Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^

<identifier part> ::=
      <identifier start>
    | <digit>

<key word> ::=
      <reserved word>
    | <non-reserved word>

<reserved word> ::=
      ABSOLUTE | ACTION | ADD | ALL
    | ALLOCATE | ALTER | AND
    | ANY | ARE
    | AS | ASC
    | ASSERTION | AT
    | AUTHORIZATION | AVG
    | BEGIN | BETWEEN | BIT | BIT_LENGTH
    | BOTH | BY
    | CASCADE | CASCADED | CASE | CAST
    | CATALOG
    | CHAR | CHARACTER | CHAR_LENGTH
    | CHARACTER_LENGTH | CHECK | CLOSE | COALESCE
    | COLLATE | COLLATION
    | COLUMN | COMMIT
    | CONNECT
    | CONNECTION | CONSTRAINT
    | CONSTRAINTS | CONTINUE
    | CONVERT | CORRESPONDING | COUNT | CREATE | CROSS
    | CURRENT
    | CURRENT_DATE | CURRENT_TIME
    | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | CURRENT_USER | CURSOR
    | DATE | DAY | DEALLOCATE | DEC
    | DECIMAL | DECLARE | DEFAULT | DEFERRABLE
    | DEFERRED | DELETE | DESC | DESCRIBE | DESCRIPTOR
    | DIAGNOSTICS
    | DISCONNECT | DISTINCT | DOMAIN | DOUBLE | DROP
    | ELSE | END | END-EXEC | ESCAPE
    | EXCEPT | EXCEPTION
    | EXEC | EXECUTE | EXISTS
    | EXTERNAL | EXTRACT
    | FALSE | FETCH | FIRST | FLOAT | FOR
    | FOREIGN | FOUND | FROM | FULL
    | GET | GLOBAL | GO | GOTO
    | GRANT | GROUP
    | HAVING | HOUR
    | IDENTITY | IMMEDIATE | IN | INDICATOR
    | INITIALLY | INNER | INPUT
    | INSENSITIVE | INSERT | INT | INTEGER | INTERSECT
    | INTERVAL | INTO | IS
    | ISOLATION
    | JOIN
    | KEY
    | LANGUAGE | LAST | LEADING | LEFT
    | LEVEL | LIKE | LOCAL | LOWER
    | MATCH | MAX | MIN | MINUTE | MODULE
    | MONTH
    | NAMES | NATIONAL | NATURAL | NCHAR | NEXT | NO
    | NOT | NULL
    | NULLIF | NUMERIC
    | OCTET_LENGTH | OF
    | ON | ONLY | OPEN | OPTION | OR
    | ORDER | OUTER
    | OUTPUT | OVERLAPS
    | PAD | PARTIAL | POSITION | PRECISION | PREPARE
    | PRESERVE | PRIMARY
    | PRIOR | PRIVILEGES | PROCEDURE | PUBLIC
    | READ | REAL | REFERENCES | RELATIVE | RESTRICT
    | REVOKE | RIGHT
    | ROLLBACK | ROWS
    | SCHEMA | SCROLL | SECOND | SECTION
    | SELECT
    | SESSION | SESSION_USER | SET
    | SIZE | SMALLINT | SOME | SPACE | SQL | SQLCODE
    | SQLERROR | SQLSTATE
    | SUBSTRING | SUM | SYSTEM_USER
    | TABLE | TEMPORARY
    | THEN | TIME | TIMESTAMP
    | TIMEZONE_HOUR | TIMEZONE_MINUTE
    | TO | TRAILING | TRANSACTION
    | TRANSLATE | TRANSLATION | TRIM | TRUE
    | UNION | UNIQUE | UNKNOWN | UPDATE | UPPER | USAGE
    | USER | USING
    | VALUE | VALUES | VARCHAR | VARYING | VIEW
    | WHEN | WHENEVER | WHERE | WITH | WORK | WRITE
    | YEAR
    | ZONE

<non-reserved word> ::=

      ADA
    | C | CATALOG_NAME
    | CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG | CHARACTER_SET_NAME
    | CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA | CLASS_ORIGIN | COBOL | COLLATION_CATALOG
    | COLLATION_NAME | COLLATION_SCHEMA | COLUMN_NAME | COMMAND_FUNCTION
    | COMMITTED
    | CONDITION_NUMBER | CONNECTION_NAME | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | CONSTRAINT_NAME
    | CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | CURSOR_NAME
    | DATA | DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE
    | DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION | DYNAMIC_FUNCTION
    | FORTRAN
    | LENGTH
    | MESSAGE_LENGTH | MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH | MESSAGE_TEXT | MORE | MUMPS
    | NAME | NULLABLE | NUMBER
    | PASCAL | PLI
    | REPEATABLE | RETURNED_LENGTH | RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH | RETURNED_SQLSTATE
    | ROW_COUNT
    | SCALE | SCHEMA_NAME | SERIALIZABLE | SERVER_NAME | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN
    | TABLE_NAME | TYPE
    | UNCOMMITTED | UNNAMED

<unsigned numeric literal> ::=
      <exact numeric literal>
    | <approximate numeric literal>

<exact numeric literal> ::=
      <unsigned integer> [ <period> [ <unsigned integer> ] ]
    | <period> <unsigned integer>

<unsigned integer> ::= <digit>...

<approximate numeric literal> ::= <mantissa> E <exponent>

<mantissa> ::= <exact numeric literal>

<exponent> ::= <signed integer>

<signed integer> ::= [ <sign> ] <unsigned integer>

<sign> ::= <plus sign> | <minus sign>

<national character string literal> ::=
    N <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote>
      [ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> )... ]

<character representation> ::=
      <nonquote character>
    | <quote symbol>

<nonquote character> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]!! °Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^
   
<quote symbol> ::= <quote><quote>

<separator> ::= ( <comment> | <space> | <newline> )...

<comment> ::=
    <comment introducer> [ <comment character>... ] <newline>

<comment introducer> ::= <minus sign><minus sign>[<minus sign>...]

<comment character> ::=
      <nonquote character>
    | <quote>

<newline> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]¹ê½î¤èªk©w¸qªº¦æ¥½«ü¥Ü¡^


<bit string literal> ::=
    B <quote> [ <bit>... ] <quote>
      [ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <bit>... ] <quote> )... ]

<bit> ::= 0 | 1

<hex string literal> ::=
    X <quote> [ <hexit>... ] <quote>
      [ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <hexit>... ] <quote> )... ]

<hexit> ::= <digit> | A | B | C | D | E | F | a | b | c | d | e | f

<delimiter token> ::=
      <character string literal>
    | <date string>
    | <time string>
    | <timestamp string>
    | <interval string>
    | <delimited identifier>
    | <SQL special character>
    | <not equals operator>
    | <greater than or equals operator>
    | <less than or equals operator>
    | <concatenation operator>
    | <double period>
    | <left bracket>
    | <right bracket>

<character string literal> ::=
    [ <introducer><character set specification> ]
    <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote>
      [ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> )... ]

<introducer> ::= <underscore>

<character set specification> ::=
      <standard character repertoire name>
    | <implementation-defined character repertoire name>
    | <user-defined character repertoire name>
    | <standard universal character form-of-use name>
    | <implementation-defined universal character form-of-use name>

<standard character repertoire name> ::= <character set name>

<character set name> ::= [ <schema name> <period> ]
      <SQL language identifier>

<schema name> ::=
    [ <catalog name> <period> ] <unqualified schema name>

<catalog name> ::= <identifier>

<identifier> ::=
    [ <introducer><character set specification> ] <actual identifier>

<actual identifier> ::=
      <regular identifier>
    | <delimited identifier>

<delimited identifier> ::=
    <double quote> <delimited identifier body> <double quote>

<delimited identifier body> ::= <delimited identifier part>...

<delimited identifier part> ::=
      <nondoublequote character>
    | <doublequote symbol>

<nondoublequote character> ::= <EMPHASIS>¡]!! °Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^

<doublequote symbol> ::= <double quote><double quote>

<unqualified schema name> ::= <identifier>

<SQL language identifier> ::=
    <SQL language identifier start>
       [ ( <underscore> | <SQL language identifier part> )... ]

<SQL language identifier start> ::= <simple Latin letter>

<SQL language identifier part> ::=
      <simple Latin letter>
    | <digit>

<implementation-defined character repertoire name> ::=
    <character set name>

<user-defined character repertoire name> ::= <character set name>

<standard universal character form-of-use name> ::=
    <character set name>

<implementation-defined universal character form-of-use name> ::=
    <character set name>

<date string> ::=
    <quote> <date value> <quote>

<date value> ::=
    <years value> <minus sign> <months value>
        <minus sign> <days value>

<years value> ::= <datetime value>

<datetime value> ::= <unsigned integer>

<months value> ::= <datetime value>

<days value> ::= <datetime value>

<time string> ::=
    <quote> <time value> [ <time zone interval> ] <quote>

<time value> ::=
    <hours value> <colon> <minutes value> <colon> <seconds value>

<hours value> ::= <datetime value>

<minutes value> ::= <datetime value>

<seconds value> ::=
      <seconds integer value> [ <period> [ <seconds fraction> ] ]

<seconds integer value> ::= <unsigned integer>

<seconds fraction> ::= <unsigned integer>

<time zone interval> ::=
    <sign> <hours value> <colon> <minutes value>

<timestamp string> ::=
    <quote> <date value> <space> <time value>
        [ <time zone interval> ] <quote>

<interval string> ::=
    <quote> ( <year-month literal> | <day-time literal> ) <quote>

<year-month literal> ::=
      <years value>
    | [ <years value> <minus sign> ] <months value>

<day-time literal> ::=
      <day-time interval>
    | <time interval>

<day-time interval> ::=
    <days value>
      [ <space> <hours value> [ <colon> <minutes value>
        [ <colon> <seconds value> ] ] ]

<time interval> ::=
      <hours value> [ <colon> <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ] ]
    | <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ]
    | <seconds value>

<not equals operator> ::= <>

<greater than or equals operator> ::= >=

<less than or equals operator> ::= <=

<concatenation operator> ::= ||

<double period> ::= ..

<module> ::=
    <module name clause>
    <language clause>
    <module authorization clause>
    [ <temporary table declaration>... ]
    <module contents>...

<module name clause> ::=
    MODULE [ <module name> ]
      [ <module character set specification> ]

<module name> ::= <identifier>

<module character set specification> ::=
    NAMES ARE <character set specification>

<language clause> ::=
    LANGUAGE <language name>

<language name> ::=
    ADA | C | COBOL | FORTRAN | MUMPS | PASCAL | PLI

<module authorization clause> ::=
      SCHEMA <schema name>
    | AUTHORIZATION <module authorization identifier>
    | SCHEMA <schema name>
          AUTHORIZATION <module authorization identifier>

<module authorization identifier> ::=
    <authorization identifier>

<authorization identifier> ::= <identifier>

<temporary table declaration> ::=
    DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE
        <qualified local table name>
      <table element list>
      [ ON COMMIT ( PRESERVE | DELETE ) ROWS ]

<qualified local table name> ::=
    MODULE <period> <local table name>

<local table name> ::= <qualified identifier>

<qualified identifier> ::= <identifier>

<table element list> ::=
      <left paren> <table element> [ ( <comma> <table element> )... ] <right paren>

<table element> ::=
      <column definition>
    | <table constraint definition>

<column definition> ::=
    <column name> ( <data type> | <domain name> )
    [ <default clause> ]
    [ <column constraint definition>... ]
    [ <collate clause> ]

<column name> ::= <identifier>

<data type> ::=
      <character string type>
           [ CHARACTER SET <character set specification> ]
    | <national character string type>
    | <bit string type>
    | <numeric type>
    | <datetime type>
    | <interval type>

<character string type> ::=
      CHARACTER [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
    | CHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
    | CHARACTER VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
    | CHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
    | VARCHAR <left paren> <length> <right paren>

<length> ::= <unsigned integer>

<national character string type> ::=
      NATIONAL CHARACTER [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
    | NATIONAL CHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
    | NCHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
    | NATIONAL CHARACTER VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
    | NATIONAL CHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
    | NCHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>

<bit string type> ::=
      BIT [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
    | BIT VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>

<numeric type> ::=
      <exact numeric type>
    | <approximate numeric type>

<exact numeric type> ::=
      NUMERIC [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ]
    | DECIMAL [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ]
    | DEC [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ]
    | INTEGER
    | INT
    | SMALLINT

<precision> ::= <unsigned integer>

<scale> ::= <unsigned integer>

<approximate numeric type> ::=
      FLOAT [ <left paren> <precision> <right paren> ]
    | REAL
    | DOUBLE PRECISION

<datetime type> ::=
      DATE
    | TIME [ <left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ]
          [ WITH TIME ZONE ]
    | TIMESTAMP [ <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ]
          [ WITH TIME ZONE ]

<time precision> ::= <time fractional seconds precision>

<time fractional seconds precision> ::= <unsigned integer>

<timestamp precision> ::= <time fractional seconds precision>

<interval type> ::= INTERVAL <interval qualifier>

<interval qualifier> ::=
      <start field> TO <end field>
    | <single datetime field>

<start field> ::=
    <non-second datetime field>
        [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> <right paren> ]

<non-second datetime field> ::= YEAR | MONTH | DAY | HOUR
    | MINUTE

<interval leading field precision> ::= <unsigned integer>

<end field> ::=
      <non-second datetime field>
    | SECOND [ <left paren> <interval fractional seconds precision> <right paren> ]

<interval fractional seconds precision> ::= <unsigned integer>

<single datetime field> ::=
      <non-second datetime field>
          [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> <right paren> ]
    | SECOND [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision>
          [ <comma> <interval fractional seconds precision> ] <right paren> ]

<domain name> ::= <qualified name>

<qualified name> ::=
    [ <schema name> <period> ] <qualified identifier>

<default clause> ::=
      DEFAULT <default option>

<default option> ::=
      <literal>
    | <datetime value function>
    | USER
    | CURRENT_USER
    | SESSION_USER
    | SYSTEM_USER
    | NULL

<literal> ::=
      <signed numeric literal>
    | <general literal>

<signed numeric literal> ::=
    [ <sign> ] <unsigned numeric literal>

<general literal> ::=
      <character string literal>
    | <national character string literal>
    | <bit string literal>
    | <hex string literal>
    | <datetime literal>
    | <interval literal>

<datetime literal> ::=
      <date literal>
    | <time literal>
    | <timestamp literal>

<date literal> ::=
    DATE <date string>

<time literal> ::=
    TIME <time string>

<timestamp literal> ::=
    TIMESTAMP <timestamp string>

<interval literal> ::=
    INTERVAL [ <sign> ] <interval string> <interval qualifier>

<datetime value function> ::=
      <current date value function>
    | <current time value function>
    | <current timestamp value function>

<current date value function> ::= CURRENT_DATE

<current time value function> ::=
      CURRENT_TIME [ <left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ]

<current timestamp value function> ::=
      CURRENT_TIMESTAMP [ <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ]

<column constraint definition> ::=
    [ <constraint name definition> ]
    <column constraint>
      [ <constraint attributes> ]

<constraint name definition> ::= CONSTRAINT <constraint name>

<constraint name> ::= <qualified name>

<column constraint> ::=
      NOT NULL
    | <unique specification>
    | <references specification>
    | <check constraint definition>

<unique specification> ::=
    UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY

<references specification> ::=
    REFERENCES <referenced table and columns>
      [ MATCH <match type> ]
      [ <referential triggered action> ]

<referenced table and columns> ::=
     <table name> [ <left paren> <reference column list> <right paren> ]

<table name> ::=
      <qualified name>
    | <qualified local table name>

<reference column list> ::= <column name list>

<column name list> ::=
    <column name> [ ( <comma> <column name> )... ]

<match type> ::=
      FULL
    | PARTIAL

<referential triggered action> ::=
      <update rule> [ <delete rule> ]
    | <delete rule> [ <update rule> ]

<update rule> ::= ON UPDATE <referential action>

<referential action> ::=
      CASCADE
    | SET NULL
    | SET DEFAULT
    | NO ACTION

<delete rule> ::= ON DELETE <referential action>

<check constraint definition> ::=
    CHECK
        <left paren> <search condition> <right paren>

<search condition> ::=
      <boolean term>
    | <search condition> OR <boolean term>

<boolean term> ::=
      <boolean factor>
    | <boolean term> AND <boolean factor>

<boolean factor> ::=
    [ NOT ] <boolean test>

<boolean test> ::=
    <boolean primary> [ IS [ NOT ]
          <truth value> ]

<boolean primary> ::=
      <predicate>
    | <left paren> <search condition> <right paren>

<predicate> ::=
      <comparison predicate>
    | <between predicate>
    | <in predicate>
    | <like predicate>
    | <null predicate>
    | <quantified comparison predicate>
    | <exists predicate>
    | <unique predicate>
    | <match predicate>
    | <overlaps predicate>

<comparison predicate> ::=
    <row value constructor> <comp op>
        <row value constructor>

<row value constructor> ::=
       <row value constructor element>
    | <left paren> <row value constructor list> <right paren>
    | <row subquery>

<row value constructor element> ::=
      <value expression>
    | <null specification>
    | <default specification>

<value expression> ::=
      <numeric value expression>
    | <string value expression>
    | <datetime value expression>
    | <interval value expression>

<numeric value expression> ::=
      <term>
    | <numeric value expression> <plus sign> <term>
    | <numeric value expression> <minus sign> <term>

<term> ::=
      <factor>
    | <term> <asterisk> <factor>
    | <term> <solidus> <factor>

<factor> ::=
    [ <sign> ] <numeric primary>

<numeric primary> ::=
      <value expression primary>
    | <numeric value function>

<value expression primary> ::=
      <unsigned value specification>
    | <column reference>
    | <set function specification>
    | <scalar subquery>
    | <case expression>
    | <left paren> <value expression> <right paren>
    | <cast specification>

<unsigned value specification> ::=
      <unsigned literal>
    | <general value specification>

<unsigned literal> ::=
      <unsigned numeric literal>
    | <general literal>

<general value specification> ::=
      <parameter specification>
    | <dynamic parameter specification>
    | <variable specification>
    | USER
    | CURRENT_USER
    | SESSION_USER
    | SYSTEM_USER
    | VALUE

<parameter specification> ::=
    <parameter name> [ <indicator parameter> ]

<parameter name> ::= <colon> <identifier>

<indicator parameter> ::=
    [ INDICATOR ] <parameter name>

<dynamic parameter specification> ::= <question mark>

<variable specification> ::=
    <embedded variable name> [ <indicator variable> ]

<embedded variable name> ::=
    <colon><host identifier>

<host identifier> ::=
      <Ada host identifier>
    | <C host identifier>
    | <COBOL host identifier>
    | <Fortran host identifier>
    | <MUMPS host identifier>
    | <Pascal host identifier>
    | <PL/I host identifier>

<Ada host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^

<C host identifier> ::=
    !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^

<COBOL host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^

<Fortran host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^

<MUMPS host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^

<Pascal host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^

<PL/I host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^

<indicator variable> ::=
    [ INDICATOR ] <embedded variable name>

<column reference> ::= [ <qualifier> <period> ] <column name>

<qualifier> ::=
      <table name>
    | <correlation name>

<correlation name> ::= <identifier>

<set function specification> ::=
      COUNT <left paren> <asterisk> <right paren>
    | <general set function>

<general set function> ::=
      <set function type>
          <left paren> [ <set quantifier> ] <value expression> <right paren>

<set function type> ::=
    AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT

<set quantifier> ::= DISTINCT | ALL

<scalar subquery> ::= <subquery>

<subquery> ::= <left paren> <query expression> <right paren>

<query expression> ::=
      <non-join query expression>
    | <joined table>

<non-join query expression> ::=
      <non-join query term>
    | <query expression> UNION  [ ALL ]
          [ <corresponding spec> ] <query term>
    | <query expression> EXCEPT [ ALL ]
          [ <corresponding spec> ] <query term>

<non-join query term> ::=
      <non-join query primary>
    | <query term> INTERSECT [ ALL ]
          [ <corresponding spec> ] <query primary>

<non-join query primary> ::=
      <simple table>
    | <left paren> <non-join query expression> <right paren>

<simple table> ::=
      <query specification>
    | <table value constructor>
    | <explicit table>

<query specification> ::=
    SELECT [ <set quantifier> ] <select list> <table expression>

<select list> ::=
      <asterisk>
    | <select sublist> [ ( <comma> <select sublist> )... ]

<select sublist> ::=
      <derived column>
    | <qualifier> <period> <asterisk>

<derived column> ::= <value expression> [ <as clause> ]

<as clause> ::= [ AS ] <column name>

<table expression> ::=
    <from clause>
    [ <where clause> ]
    [ <group by clause> ]
    [ <having clause> ]

<from clause> ::= FROM <table reference>
    [ ( <comma> <table reference> )... ]

<table reference> ::=
      <table name> [ [ AS ] <correlation name>
          [ <left paren> <derived column list> <right paren> ] ]
    | <derived table> [ AS ] <correlation name>
          [ <left paren> <derived column list> <right paren> ]
    | <joined table>

<derived column list> ::= <column name list>

<derived table> ::= <table subquery>

<table subquery> ::= <subquery>

<joined table> ::=
      <cross join>
    | <qualified join>
    | <left paren> <joined table> <right paren>

<cross join> ::=
    <table reference> CROSS JOIN <table reference>

<qualified join> ::=
    <table reference> [ NATURAL ] [ <join type> ] JOIN
      <table reference> [ <join specification> ]

<join type> ::=
      INNER
    | <outer join type> [ OUTER ]
    | UNION

<outer join type> ::=
      LEFT
    | RIGHT
    | FULL

<join specification> ::=
      <join condition>
    | <named columns join>

<join condition> ::= ON <search condition>

<named columns join> ::=
    USING <left paren> <join column list> <right paren>

<join column list> ::= <column name list>

<where clause> ::= WHERE <search condition>

<group by clause> ::=
    GROUP BY <grouping column reference list>

<grouping column reference list> ::=
    <grouping column reference>
        [ ( <comma> <grouping column reference> )... ]

<grouping column reference> ::=
    <column reference> [ <collate clause> ]

<collate clause> ::= COLLATE <collation name>

<collation name> ::= <qualified name>

<having clause> ::= HAVING <search condition>

<table value constructor> ::=
    VALUES <table value constructor list>

<table value constructor list> ::=
    <row value constructor> [ ( <comma> <row value constructor> )... ]

<explicit table> ::= TABLE <table name>

<query term> ::=
      <non-join query term>
    | <joined table>

<corresponding spec> ::=
    CORRESPONDING [ BY <left paren> <corresponding column list> <right paren> ]

<corresponding column list> ::= <column name list>

<query primary> ::=
      <non-join query primary>
    | <joined table>

<case expression> ::=
      <case abbreviation>
    | <case specification>

<case abbreviation> ::=
      NULLIF <left paren> <value expression> <comma>
            <value expression> <right paren>
    | COALESCE <left paren> <value expression>
            ( <comma> <value expression> )... <right paren>

<case specification> ::=
      <simple case>
    | <searched case>

<simple case> ::=
    CASE <case operand>
      <simple when clause>...
      [ <else clause> ]
    END

<case operand> ::= <value expression>

<simple when clause> ::= WHEN <when operand> THEN <result>

<when operand> ::= <value expression>

<result> ::= <result expression> | NULL

<result expression> ::= <value expression>

<else clause> ::= ELSE <result>

<searched case> ::=
    CASE
      <searched when clause>...
      [ <else clause> ]
    END

<searched when clause> ::= WHEN <search condition> THEN <result>

<cast specification> ::=
    CAST <left paren> <cast operand> AS
        <cast target> <right paren>

<cast operand> ::=
      <value expression>
    | NULL

<cast target> ::=
      <domain name>
    | <data type>

<numeric value function> ::=
      <position expression>
    | <extract expression>
    | <length expression>

<position expression> ::=
    POSITION <left paren> <character value expression>
        IN <character value expression> <right paren>

<character value expression> ::=
      <concatenation>
    | <character factor>

<concatenation> ::=
    <character value expression> <concatenation operator>
        <character factor>

<character factor> ::=
    <character primary> [ <collate clause> ]

<character primary> ::=
      <value expression primary>
    | <string value function>

<string value function> ::=
      <character value function>
    | <bit value function>

<character value function> ::=
      <character substring function>
    | <fold>
    | <form-of-use conversion>
    | <character translation>
    | <trim function>

<character substring function> ::=
    SUBSTRING <left paren> <character value expression> FROM <start position>
                [ FOR <string length> ] <right paren>

<start position> ::= <numeric value expression>

<string length> ::= <numeric value expression>

<fold> ::= ( UPPER | LOWER )
     <left paren> <character value expression> <right paren>

<form-of-use conversion> ::=
    CONVERT <left paren> <character value expression>
        USING <form-of-use conversion name> <right paren>

<form-of-use conversion name> ::= <qualified name>

<character translation> ::=
    TRANSLATE <left paren> <character value expression>
        USING <translation name> <right paren>

<translation name> ::= <qualified name>

<trim function> ::=
    TRIM <left paren> <trim operands> <right paren>

<trim operands> ::=
    [ [ <trim specification> ] [ <trim character> ] FROM ] <trim source>

<trim specification> ::=
      LEADING
    | TRAILING
    | BOTH

<trim character> ::= <character value expression>

<trim source> ::= <character value expression>

<bit value function> ::=
    <bit substring function>

<bit substring function> ::=
    SUBSTRING <left paren> <bit value expression> FROM <start position>
        [ FOR <string length> ] <right paren>

<bit value expression> ::=
      <bit concatenation>
    | <bit factor>

<bit concatenation> ::=
    <bit value expression> <concatenation operator> <bit factor>

<bit factor> ::= <bit primary>

<bit primary> ::=
      <value expression primary>
    | <string value function>

<extract expression> ::=
    EXTRACT <left paren> <extract field>
        FROM <extract source> <right paren>

<extract field> ::=
      <datetime field>
    | <time zone field>

<datetime field> ::=
      <non-second datetime field>
    | SECOND

<time zone field> ::=
      TIMEZONE_HOUR
    | TIMEZONE_MINUTE

<extract source> ::=
      <datetime value expression>
    | <interval value expression>

<datetime value expression> ::=
      <datetime term>
    | <interval value expression> <plus sign> <datetime term>
    | <datetime value expression> <plus sign> <interval term>
    | <datetime value expression> <minus sign> <interval term>

<interval term> ::=
      <interval factor>
    | <interval term 2> <asterisk> <factor>
    | <interval term 2> <solidus> <factor>
    | <term> <asterisk> <interval factor>

<interval factor> ::=
    [ <sign> ] <interval primary>

<interval primary> ::=
      <value expression primary> [ <interval qualifier> ]

<interval term 2> ::= <interval term>

<interval value expression> ::=
      <interval term>
    | <interval value expression 1> <plus sign> <interval term 1>
    | <interval value expression 1> <minus sign> <interval term 1>
    | <left paren> <datetime value expression> <minus sign>
          <datetime term> <right paren> <interval qualifier>

<interval value expression 1> ::= <interval value expression>

<interval term 1> ::= <interval term>

<datetime term> ::=
      <datetime factor>

<datetime factor> ::=
      <datetime primary> [ <time zone> ]

<datetime primary> ::=
      <value expression primary>
    | <datetime value function>

<time zone> ::=
    AT <time zone specifier>

<time zone specifier> ::=
      LOCAL
    | TIME ZONE <interval value expression>

<length expression> ::=
      <char length expression>
    | <octet length expression>
    | <bit length expression>

<char length expression> ::=
    ( CHAR_LENGTH | CHARACTER_LENGTH )
        <left paren> <string value expression> <right paren>

<string value expression> ::=
      <character value expression>
    | <bit value expression>

<octet length expression> ::=
    OCTET_LENGTH <left paren> <string value expression> <right paren>

<bit length expression> ::=
    BIT_LENGTH <left paren> <string value expression> <right paren>

<null specification> ::=
    NULL

<default specification> ::=
    DEFAULT

<row value constructor list> ::=
    <row value constructor element>
        [ ( <comma> <row value constructor element> )... ]

<row subquery> ::= <subquery>

<comp op> ::=
      <equals operator>
    | <not equals operator>
    | <less than operator>
    | <greater than operator>
    | <less than or equals operator>
    | <greater than or equals operator>

<between predicate> ::=
    <row value constructor> [ NOT ] BETWEEN
      <row value constructor> AND <row value constructor>

<in predicate> ::=
    <row value constructor>
      [ NOT ] IN <in predicate value>

<in predicate value> ::=
      <table subquery>
    | <left paren> <in value list> <right paren>

<in value list> ::=
    <value expression> ( <comma> <value expression> )...

<like predicate> ::=
    <match value> [ NOT ] LIKE <pattern>
      [ ESCAPE <escape character> ]

<match value> ::= <character value expression>

<pattern> ::= <character value expression>

<escape character> ::= <character value expression>

<null predicate> ::= <row value constructor>
    IS [ NOT ] NULL

<quantified comparison predicate> ::=
    <row value constructor> <comp op> <quantifier> <table subquery>

<quantifier> ::= <all> | <some>

<all> ::= ALL

<some> ::= SOME | ANY

<exists predicate> ::= EXISTS <table subquery>

<unique predicate> ::= UNIQUE <table subquery>

<match predicate> ::=
    <row value constructor> MATCH [ UNIQUE ]
        [ PARTIAL | FULL ] <table subquery>

<overlaps predicate> ::=
    <row value constructor 1> OVERLAPS <row value constructor 2>

<row value constructor 1> ::= <row value constructor>

<row value constructor 2> ::= <row value constructor>

<truth value> ::=
      TRUE
    | FALSE
    | UNKNOWN

<constraint attributes> ::=
      <constraint check time> [ [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE ]
    | [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE [ <constraint check time> ]

<constraint check time> ::=
      INITIALLY DEFERRED
    | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE

<table constraint definition> ::=
    [ <constraint name definition> ]
    <table constraint> [ <constraint attributes> ]

<table constraint> ::=
      <unique constraint definition>
    | <referential constraint definition>
    | <check constraint definition>

<unique constraint definition> ::=
            <unique specification> even in SQL3)
    <unique specification>
      <left paren> <unique column list> <right paren>

<unique column list> ::= <column name list>

<referential constraint definition> ::=
    FOREIGN KEY
        <left paren> <referencing columns> <right paren>
      <references specification>

<referencing columns> ::=
    <reference column list>

<module contents> ::=
      <declare cursor>
    | <dynamic declare cursor>
    | <procedure>

<declare cursor> ::=
    DECLARE <cursor name> [ INSENSITIVE ] [ SCROLL ] CURSOR
      FOR <cursor specification>

<cursor name> ::= <identifier>

<cursor specification> ::=
    <query expression> [ <order by clause> ]
      [ <updatability clause> ]

<order by clause> ::=
    ORDER BY <sort specification list>

<sort specification list> ::=
    <sort specification> [ ( <comma> <sort specification> )... ]

<sort specification> ::=
    <sort key> [ <collate clause> ] [ <ordering specification> ]

<sort key> ::=
      <column name>
    | <unsigned integer>

<ordering specification> ::= ASC | DESC

<updatability clause> ::=
    FOR
        ( READ ONLY |
          UPDATE [ OF <column name list> ] )

<dynamic declare cursor> ::=
    DECLARE <cursor name> [ INSENSITIVE ] [ SCROLL ] CURSOR
        FOR <statement name>

<statement name> ::= <identifier>

<procedure> ::=
    PROCEDURE <procedure name>
        <parameter declaration list> <semicolon>
      <SQL procedure statement> <semicolon>

<procedure name> ::= <identifier>

<parameter declaration list> ::=
      <left paren> <parameter declaration>
          [ ( <comma> <parameter declaration> )... ] <right paren>
    | <parameter declaration>...

<parameter declaration> ::=
      <parameter name> <data type>
    | <status parameter>

<status parameter> ::=
    SQLCODE | SQLSTATE

<SQL procedure statement> ::=
      <SQL schema statement>
    | <SQL data statement>
    | <SQL transaction statement>
    | <SQL connection statement>
    | <SQL session statement>
    | <SQL dynamic statement>
    | <SQL diagnostics statement>

<SQL schema statement> ::=
      <SQL schema definition statement>
    | <SQL schema manipulation statement>

<SQL schema definition statement> ::=
      <schema definition>
    | <table definition>
    | <view definition>
    | <grant statement>
    | <domain definition>
    | <character set definition>
    | <collation definition>
    | <translation definition>
    | <assertion definition>

<schema definition> ::=
    CREATE SCHEMA <schema name clause>
      [ <schema character set specification> ]
      [ <schema element>... ]

<schema name clause> ::=
      <schema name>
    | AUTHORIZATION <schema authorization identifier>
    | <schema name> AUTHORIZATION
          <schema authorization identifier>

<schema authorization identifier> ::=
    <authorization identifier>

<schema character set specification> ::=
    DEFAULT CHARACTER
        SET <character set specification>

<schema element> ::=
      <domain definition>
    | <table definition>
    | <view definition>
    | <grant statement>
    | <assertion definition>
    | <character set definition>
    | <collation definition>
    | <translation definition>

<domain definition> ::=
    CREATE DOMAIN <domain name>
        [ AS ] <data type>
      [ <default clause> ]
      [ <domain constraint>... ]
      [ <collate clause> ]

<domain constraint> ::=
    [ <constraint name definition> ]
    <check constraint definition> [ <constraint attributes> ]

<table definition> ::=
    CREATE [ ( GLOBAL | LOCAL ) TEMPORARY ] TABLE
        <table name>
      <table element list>
      [ ON COMMIT ( DELETE | PRESERVE ) ROWS ]

<view definition> ::=
    CREATE VIEW <table name> [ <left paren> <view column list>
                                  <right paren> ]
      AS <query expression>
      [ WITH [ <levels clause> ] CHECK OPTION ]

<view column list> ::= <column name list>

<levels clause> ::=
    CASCADED | LOCAL

<grant statement> ::=
   GRANT <privileges> ON <object name>
     TO <grantee> [ ( <comma> <grantee> )... ]
       [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

<privileges> ::=
      ALL PRIVILEGES
    | <action list>

<action list> ::= <action> [ ( <comma> <action> )... ]

<action> ::=
      SELECT
    | DELETE
    | INSERT [ <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ]
    | UPDATE [ <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ]
    | REFERENCES [ <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ]
    | USAGE

<privilege column list> ::= <column name list>

<object name> ::=
      [ TABLE ] <table name>
    | DOMAIN <domain name>
    | COLLATION <collation name>
    | CHARACTER SET <character set name>
    | TRANSLATION <translation name>

<grantee> ::=
      PUBLIC
    | <authorization identifier>

<assertion definition> ::=
    CREATE ASSERTION <constraint name> <assertion check>
      [ <constraint attributes> ]

<assertion check> ::=
    CHECK
        <left paren> <search condition> <right paren>

<character set definition> ::=
    CREATE CHARACTER SET <character set name>
        [ AS ]
      <character set source>
      [ <collate clause> | <limited collation definition> ]

<character set source> ::=
      GET <existing character set name>

<existing character set name> ::=
      <standard character repertoire name>
    | <implementation-defined character repertoire name>
    | <schema character set name>

<schema character set name> ::= <character set name>

<limited collation definition> ::=
    COLLATION FROM <collation source>

<collation source> ::=
      <collating sequence definition>
    | <translation collation>

<collating sequence definition> ::=
      <external collation>
    | <schema collation name>
    | DESC <left paren> <collation name> <right paren>
    | DEFAULT

<external collation> ::=
    EXTERNAL <left paren> <quote> <external collation name> <quote> <right paren>

<external collation name> ::=
      <standard collation name>
    | <implementation-defined collation name>

<standard collation name> ::= <collation name>

<implementation-defined collation name> ::= <collation name>

<schema collation name> ::= <collation name>

<translation collation> ::=
    TRANSLATION <translation name>
        [ THEN COLLATION <collation name> ]

<collation definition> ::=
    CREATE COLLATION <collation name> FOR
        <character set specification>
      FROM <collation source>
        [ <pad attribute> ]

<pad attribute> ::=
      NO PAD
    | PAD SPACE

<translation definition> ::=
    CREATE TRANSLATION <translation name>
      FOR <source character set specification>
        TO <target character set specification>
      FROM <translation source>

<source character set specification> ::= <character set specification>

<target character set specification> ::= <character set specification>

<translation source> ::=
      <translation specification>

<translation specification> ::=
      <external translation>
    | IDENTITY
    | <schema translation name>

<external translation> ::=
    EXTERNAL <left paren> <quote> <external translation name> <quote> <right paren>

<external translation name> ::=
      <standard translation name>
    | <implementation-defined translation name>

<standard translation name> ::= <translation name>

<implementation-defined translation name> ::= <translation name>

<schema translation name> ::= <translation name>

<SQL schema manipulation statement> ::=
      <drop schema statement>
    | <alter table statement>
    | <drop table statement>
    | <drop view statement>
    | <revoke statement>
    | <alter domain statement>
    | <drop domain statement>
    | <drop character set statement>
    | <drop collation statement>
    | <drop translation statement>
    | <drop assertion statement>

<drop schema statement> ::=
    DROP SCHEMA <schema name> <drop behavior>

<drop behavior> ::= CASCADE | RESTRICT

<alter table statement> ::=
    ALTER TABLE <table name> <alter table action>

<alter table action> ::=
      <add column definition>
    | <alter column definition>
    | <drop column definition>
    | <add table constraint definition>
    | <drop table constraint definition>

<add column definition> ::=
    ADD [ COLUMN ] <column definition>

<alter column definition> ::=
    ALTER [ COLUMN ] <column name> <alter column action>

<alter column action> ::=
      <set column default clause>
    | <drop column default clause>

<set column default clause> ::=
    SET <default clause>

<drop column default clause> ::=
    DROP DEFAULT

<drop column definition> ::=
    DROP [ COLUMN ] <column name> <drop behavior>

<add table constraint definition> ::=
    ADD <table constraint definition>

<drop table constraint definition> ::=
    DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint name> <drop behavior>

<drop table statement> ::=
    DROP TABLE <table name> <drop behavior>

<drop view statement> ::=
    DROP VIEW <table name> <drop behavior>

<revoke statement> ::=
    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
        <privileges>
        ON <object name>
      FROM <grantee> [ ( <comma> <grantee> )... ] <drop behavior>

<alter domain statement> ::=
    ALTER DOMAIN <domain name> <alter domain action>

<alter domain action> ::=
      <set domain default clause>
    | <drop domain default clause>
    | <add domain constraint definition>
    | <drop domain constraint definition>

<set domain default clause> ::= SET <default clause>

<drop domain default clause> ::= DROP DEFAULT

<add domain constraint definition> ::=
    ADD <domain constraint>

<drop domain constraint definition> ::=
    DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint name>

<drop domain statement> ::=
    DROP DOMAIN <domain name> <drop behavior>

<drop character set statement> ::=
    DROP CHARACTER SET <character set name>

<drop collation statement> ::=
    DROP COLLATION <collation name>

<drop translation statement> ::=
    DROP TRANSLATION <translation name>

<drop assertion statement> ::=
    DROP ASSERTION <constraint name>

<SQL data statement> ::=
      <open statement>
    | <fetch statement>
    | <close statement>
    | <select statement: single row>
    | <SQL data change statement>

<open statement> ::=
    OPEN <cursor name>

<fetch statement> ::=
    FETCH [ [ <fetch orientation> ] FROM ]
      <cursor name> INTO <fetch target list>

<fetch orientation> ::=
      NEXT
    | PRIOR
    | FIRST
    | LAST
    | ( ABSOLUTE | RELATIVE ) <simple value specification>

<simple value specification> ::=
      <parameter name>
    | <embedded variable name>
    | <literal>

<fetch target list> ::=
    <target specification> [ ( <comma> <target specification> )... ]

<target specification> ::=
      <parameter specification>
    | <variable specification>

<close statement> ::=
    CLOSE <cursor name>

<select statement: single row> ::=
    SELECT [ <set quantifier> ] <select list>
      INTO <select target list>
        <table expression>

<select target list> ::=
    <target specification> [ ( <comma> <target specification> )... ]

<SQL data change statement> ::=
      <delete statement: positioned>
    | <delete statement: searched>
    | <insert statement>
    | <update statement: positioned>
    | <update statement: searched>

<delete statement: positioned> ::=
    DELETE FROM <table name>
      WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name>

<delete statement: searched> ::=
    DELETE FROM <table name>
      [ WHERE <search condition> ]

<insert statement> ::=
    INSERT INTO <table name>
      <insert columns and source>

<insert columns and source> ::=
      [ <left paren> <insert column list> <right paren> ]
            <query expression>
    | DEFAULT VALUES

<insert column list> ::= <column name list>

<update statement: positioned> ::=
    UPDATE <table name>
      SET <set clause list>
        WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name>

<set clause list> ::=
    <set clause> [ ( <comma> <set clause> )... ]

<set clause> ::=
    <object column> <equals operator> <update source>

<object column> ::= <column name>

<update source> ::=
      <value expression>
    | <null specification>
    | DEFAULT

<update statement: searched> ::=
    UPDATE <table name>
      SET <set clause list>
      [ WHERE <search condition> ]

<SQL transaction statement> ::=
      <set transaction statement>
    | <set constraints mode statement>
    | <commit statement>
    | <rollback statement>

<set transaction statement> ::=
    SET TRANSACTION <transaction mode>
        [ ( <comma> <transaction mode> )... ]

<transaction mode> ::=
      <isolation level>
    | <transaction access mode>
    | <diagnostics size>

<isolation level> ::=
    ISOLATION LEVEL <level of isolation>

<level of isolation> ::=
      READ UNCOMMITTED
    | READ COMMITTED
    | REPEATABLE READ
    | SERIALIZABLE

<transaction access mode> ::=
      READ ONLY
    | READ WRITE

<diagnostics size> ::=
    DIAGNOSTICS SIZE <number of conditions>

<number of conditions> ::= <simple value specification>

<set constraints mode statement> ::=
    SET CONSTRAINTS <constraint name list>
        ( DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE )

<constraint name list> ::=
      ALL
    | <constraint name> [ ( <comma> <constraint name> )... ]

<commit statement> ::=
    COMMIT [ WORK ]

<rollback statement> ::=
    ROLLBACK [ WORK ]

<SQL connection statement> ::=
      <connect statement>
    | <set connection statement>
    | <disconnect statement>

<connect statement> ::=
    CONNECT TO <connection target>

<connection target> ::=
      <SQL-server name>
        [ AS <connection name> ]
          correspondence with Tony Gordon)
        [ USER <user name> ]
    | DEFAULT

<SQL-server name> ::= <simple value specification>

<connection name> ::= <simple value specification>

<user name> ::= <simple value specification>

<set connection statement> ::=
    SET CONNECTION <connection object>

<connection object> ::=
      DEFAULT
    | <connection name>

<disconnect statement> ::=
    DISCONNECT <disconnect object>

<disconnect object> ::=
      <connection object>
    | ALL
    | CURRENT

<SQL session statement> ::=
      <set catalog statement>
    | <set schema statement>
    | <set names statement>
    | <set session authorization identifier statement>
    | <set local time zone statement>

<set catalog statement> ::=
    SET CATALOG <value specification>

<value specification> ::=
      <literal>
    | <general value specification>

<set schema statement> ::=
    SET SCHEMA <value specification>

<set names statement> ::=
    SET NAMES <value specification>

<set session authorization identifier statement> ::=
    SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
        <value specification>

<set local time zone statement> ::=
    SET TIME ZONE
        <set time zone value>

<set time zone value> ::=
      <interval value expression>
    | LOCAL

<SQL dynamic statement> ::=
      <system descriptor statement>
    | <prepare statement>
    | <deallocate prepared statement>
    | <describe statement>
    | <execute statement>
    | <execute immediate statement>
    | <SQL dynamic data statement>

<system descriptor statement> ::=
      <allocate descriptor statement>
    | <deallocate descriptor statement>
    | <set descriptor statement>
    | <get descriptor statement>

<allocate descriptor statement> ::=
    ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name>
       [ WITH MAX <occurrences> ]

<descriptor name> ::=
    [ <scope option> ] <simple value specification>

<scope option> ::=
      GLOBAL
    | LOCAL

<occurrences> ::= <simple value specification>

<deallocate descriptor statement> ::=
    DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name>

<set descriptor statement> ::=
    SET DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name>
        <set descriptor information>

<set descriptor information> ::=
      <set count>
    | VALUE <item number>
        <set item information> [ ( <comma> <set item information> )... ]

<set count> ::=
    COUNT <equals operator> <simple value specification 1>

<simple value specification 1> ::= <simple value specification>

<item number> ::= <simple value specification>

<set item information> ::=
    <descriptor item name> <equals operator> <simple value specification 2>

<descriptor item name> ::=
      TYPE
    | LENGTH
    | OCTET_LENGTH
    | RETURNED_LENGTH
    | RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH
    | PRECISION
    | SCALE
    | DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE
    | DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION
    | NULLABLE
    | INDICATOR
    | DATA
    | NAME
    | UNNAMED
    | COLLATION_CATALOG
    | COLLATION_SCHEMA
    | COLLATION_NAME
    | CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG
    | CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA
    | CHARACTER_SET_NAME

<simple value specification 2> ::= <simple value specification>

<item number> ::= <simple value specification>

<get descriptor statement> ::=
    GET DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name> <get descriptor information>

<get descriptor information> ::=
      <get count>
    | VALUE <item number>
        <get item information> [ ( <comma> <get item information> )... ]

<get count> ::=
    <simple target specification 1> <equals operator>
         COUNT

<simple target specification 1> ::= <simple target specification>

<simple target specification> ::=
      <parameter name>
    | <embedded variable name>

<get item information> ::=
    <simple target specification 2> <equals operator> <descriptor item name>>

<simple target specification 2> ::= <simple target specification>

<prepare statement> ::=
    PREPARE <SQL statement name> FROM <SQL statement variable>

<SQL statement name> ::=
      <statement name>
    | <extended statement name>

<extended statement name> ::=
    [ <scope option> ] <simple value specification>

<SQL statement variable> ::= <simple value specification>

<deallocate prepared statement> ::=
    DEALLOCATE PREPARE <SQL statement name>

<describe statement> ::=
      <describe input statement>
    | <describe output statement>

<describe input statement> ::=
    DESCRIBE INPUT <SQL statement name> <using descriptor>

<using descriptor> ::=
    ( USING | INTO ) SQL DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name>

<describe output statement> ::=
    DESCRIBE [ OUTPUT ] <SQL statement name> <using descriptor>

<execute statement> ::=
    EXECUTE <SQL statement name>
      [ <result using clause> ]
      [ <parameter using clause> ]

<result using clause> ::= <using clause>

<using clause> ::=
      <using arguments>
    | <using descriptor>

<using arguments> ::=
    ( USING | INTO ) <argument> [ ( <comma> <argument> )... ]

<argument> ::= <target specification>

<parameter using clause> ::= <using clause>

<execute immediate statement> ::=
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE <SQL statement variable>

<SQL dynamic data statement> ::=
      <allocate cursor statement>
    | <dynamic open statement>
    | <dynamic fetch statement>
    | <dynamic close statement>
    | <dynamic delete statement: positioned>
    | <dynamic update statement: positioned>

<allocate cursor statement> ::=
    ALLOCATE <extended cursor name> [ INSENSITIVE ]
        [ SCROLL ] CURSOR
      FOR <extended statement name>

<extended cursor name> ::=
    [ <scope option> ] <simple value specification>

<dynamic open statement> ::=
    OPEN <dynamic cursor name> [ <using clause> ]

<dynamic cursor name> ::=
      <cursor name>
    | <extended cursor name>

<dynamic fetch statement> ::=
    FETCH [ [ <fetch orientation> ] FROM ] <dynamic cursor name>
        <using clause>

<dynamic close statement> ::=
    CLOSE <dynamic cursor name>

<dynamic delete statement: positioned> ::=
    DELETE FROM <table name>
      WHERE CURRENT OF
          <dynamic cursor name>

<dynamic update statement: positioned> ::=
    UPDATE <table name>
      SET <set clause>
          [ ( <comma> <set clause> )... ]
        WHERE CURRENT OF
            <dynamic cursor name>

<SQL diagnostics statement> ::=
    <get diagnostics statement>

<get diagnostics statement> ::=
    GET DIAGNOSTICS <sql diagnostics information>

<sql diagnostics information> ::=
      <statement information>
    | <condition information>

<statement information> ::=
    <statement information item> [ ( <comma> <statement information item> )... ]

<statement information item> ::=
    <simple target specification> <equals operator> <statement information item name>

<statement information item name> ::=
      NUMBER
    | MORE
    | COMMAND_FUNCTION
    | DYNAMIC_FUNCTION
    | ROW_COUNT

<condition information> ::=
    EXCEPTION <condition number>
      <condition information item> [ ( <comma> <condition information item> )... ]

<condition number> ::= <simple value specification>

<condition information item> ::=
    <simple target specification> <equals operator> <condition information item name>

<condition information item name> ::=
      CONDITION_NUMBER
    | RETURNED_SQLSTATE
    | CLASS_ORIGIN
    | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN
    | SERVER_NAME
    | CONNECTION_NAME
    | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
    | CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
    | CONSTRAINT_NAME
    | CATALOG_NAME
    | SCHEMA_NAME
    | TABLE_NAME
    | COLUMN_NAME
    | CURSOR_NAME
    | MESSAGE_TEXT
    | MESSAGE_LENGTH
    | MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH

<embedded SQL host program> ::=
      <embedded SQL Ada program>
    | <embedded SQL C program>
    | <embedded SQL COBOL program>
    | <embedded SQL Fortran program>
    | <embedded SQL MUMPS program>
    | <embedded SQL Pascal program>
    | <embedded SQL PL/I program>

<embedded SQL Ada program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)

<embedded SQL C program> ::=
      !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)

<embedded SQL COBOL program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)

<embedded SQL Fortran program> ::=
    !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)

<embedded SQL MUMPS program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)

<embedded SQL Pascal program> ::=
    !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)

<embedded SQL PL/I program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)

<embedded SQL declare section> ::=
      <embedded SQL begin declare>
        [ <embedded character set declaration> ]
        [ <host variable definition>... ]
      <embedded SQL end declare>
    | <embedded SQL MUMPS declare>

<embedded SQL begin declare> ::=
    <SQL prefix> BEGIN DECLARE SECTION
        [ <SQL terminator> ]

<SQL prefix> ::=
      EXEC SQL
    | <ampersand>SQL<left paren>

<SQL terminator> ::=
      END-EXEC
    | <semicolon>
    | <right paren>

<embedded character set declaration> ::=
    SQL NAMES ARE <character set specification>

<host variable definition> ::=
      <Ada variable definition>
    | <C variable definition>
    | <COBOL variable definition>
    | <Fortran variable definition>
    | <MUMPS variable definition>
    | <Pascal variable definition>
    | <PL/I variable definition>

<Ada variable definition> ::=
    <Ada host identifier> [ ( <comma> <Ada host identifier> )... ] :
    <Ada type specification> [ <Ada initial value> ]

<Ada type specification> ::=
      <Ada qualified type specification>
    | <Ada unqualified type specification>

<Ada qualified type specification> ::=
      SQL_STANDARD.CHAR [ CHARACTER SET
         [ IS ] <character set specification> ]
          <left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren>
    | SQL_STANDARD.BIT
          <left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren>
    | SQL_STANDARD.SMALLINT
    | SQL_STANDARD.INT
    | SQL_STANDARD.REAL
    | SQL_STANDARD.DOUBLE_PRECISION
    | SQL_STANDARD.SQLCODE_TYPE
    | SQL_STANDARD.SQLSTATE_TYPE
    | SQL_STANDARD.INDICATOR_TYPE

<Ada unqualified type specification> ::=
      CHAR
          <left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren>
    | BIT
          <left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren>
    | SMALLINT
    | INT
    | REAL
    | DOUBLE_PRECISION
    | SQLCODE_TYPE
    | SQLSTATE_TYPE
    | INDICATOR_TYPE

<Ada initial value> ::=
    <Ada assignment operator> <character representation>...

<Ada assignment operator> ::= <colon><equals operator>

<C variable definition> ::=
      [ <C storage class> ]
      [ <C class modifier> ]
      <C variable specification>
    <semicolon>

<C storage class> ::=
      auto
    | extern
    | static

<C class modifier> ::= const | volatile

<C variable specification> ::=
      <C numeric variable>
    | <C character variable>
    | <C derived variable>

<C numeric variable> ::=
    ( long | short | float | double )
      <C host identifier> [ <C initial value> ]
            [ ( <comma> <C host identifier> [ <C initial value> ] )... ]

<C initial value> ::=
    <equals operator> <character representation>...

<C character variable> ::=
    char [ CHARACTER SET
             [ IS ] <character set specification> ]
      <C host identifier>
        <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ]
        [ ( <comma> <C host identifier>
          <C array specification>
                 [ <C initial value> ] )... ]

<C array specification> ::=
    <left bracket> <length> <right bracket>

<C derived variable> ::=
      <C VARCHAR variable>
    | <C bit variable>

<C VARCHAR variable> ::=
    VARCHAR [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ]
        <character set specification> ]
        <C host identifier>
            <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ]
          [ ( <comma> <C host identifier>
              <C array specification>
                      [ <C initial value> ] )... ]

<C bit variable> ::=
    BIT <C host identifier>
        <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ]
      [ ( <comma> <C host identifier>
        <C array specification>
                   [ <C initial value> ] )... ]

<COBOL variable definition> ::=
    (01|77) <COBOL host identifier> <COBOL type specification>
      [ <character representation>... ] <period>

<COBOL type specification> ::=
      <COBOL character type>
    | <COBOL bit type>
    | <COBOL numeric type>
    | <COBOL integer type>

<COBOL character type> ::=
    [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ]
          <character set specification> ]
    ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] ( X [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] )...

<COBOL bit type> ::=
    ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ]
        ( B [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] )...

<COBOL numeric type> ::=
    ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ]
      S <COBOL nines specification>
    [ USAGE [ IS ] ] DISPLAY SIGN LEADING SEPARATE

<COBOL nines specification> ::=
      <COBOL nines> [ V [ <COBOL nines> ] ]
    | V <COBOL nines>

<COBOL nines> ::= ( 9 [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] )...

<COBOL integer type> ::=
      <COBOL computational integer>
    | <COBOL binary integer>

<COBOL computational integer> ::=
    ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] S<COBOL nines>
      [ USAGE [ IS ] ] ( COMP | COMPUTATIONAL )

<COBOL binary integer> ::=
    ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] S<COBOL nines>
      [ USAGE [ IS ] ] BINARY

<Fortran variable definition> ::=
    <Fortran type specification>
    <Fortran host identifier>
        [ ( <comma> <Fortran host identifier> )... ]

<Fortran type specification> ::=
      CHARACTER [ <asterisk> <length> ]
          [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ]
                <character set specification> ]
    | BIT [ <asterisk> <length> ]
    | INTEGER
    | REAL
    | DOUBLE PRECISION

<MUMPS variable definition> ::=
    ( <MUMPS numeric variable> | <MUMPS character variable> )
        <semicolon>

<MUMPS numeric variable> ::=
    <MUMPS type specification>
      <MUMPS host identifier> [ ( <comma> <MUMPS host identifier> )... ]

<MUMPS type specification> ::=
      INT
    | DEC
          [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ]
    | REAL

<MUMPS character variable> ::=
    VARCHAR <MUMPS host identifier> <MUMPS length specification>
      [ ( <comma> <MUMPS host identifier> <MUMPS length specification> )... ]

<MUMPS length specification> ::=
    <left paren> <length> <right paren>

<Pascal variable definition> ::=
    <Pascal host identifier> [ ( <comma> <Pascal host identifier> )... ] <colon>
      <Pascal type specification> <semicolon>

<Pascal type specification> ::=
      PACKED ARRAY
          <left bracket> 1 <double period> <length> <right bracket>
        OF CHAR
          [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ]
                <character set specification> ]
    | PACKED ARRAY
          <left bracket> 1 <double period> <length> <right bracket>
        OF BIT
    | INTEGER
    | REAL
    | CHAR [ CHARACTER SET
                                [ IS ] <character set specification> ]
    | BIT

<PL/I variable definition> ::=
    (DCL | DECLARE)
        (   <PL/I host identifier>
          | <left paren> <PL/I host identifier>
                [ ( <comma> <PL/I host identifier> )... ] <right paren> )
    <PL/I type specification>
    [ <character representation>... ] <semicolon>

<PL/I type specification> ::=
      ( CHAR | CHARACTER ) [ VARYING ]
          <left paren><length><right paren>
          [ CHARACTER SET
                [ IS ] <character set specification> ]
    | BIT [ VARYING ] <left paren><length><right paren>
    | <PL/I type fixed decimal> <left paren> <precision>
          [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren>
    | <PL/I type fixed binary> [ <left paren> <precision> <right paren> ]
    | <PL/I type float binary> <left paren> <precision> <right paren>

<PL/I type fixed decimal> ::=
      ( DEC | DECIMAL ) FIXED
    | FIXED ( DEC | DECIMAL )

<PL/I type fixed binary> ::=
      ( BIN | BINARY ) FIXED
    | FIXED ( BIN | BINARY )

<PL/I type float binary> ::=
      ( BIN | BINARY ) FLOAT
    | FLOAT ( BIN | BINARY )

<embedded SQL end declare> ::=
    <SQL prefix> END DECLARE SECTION
        [ <SQL terminator> ]

<embedded SQL MUMPS declare> ::=
    <SQL prefix>
      BEGIN DECLARE SECTION
        [ <embedded character set declaration> ]
        [ <host variable definition>... ]
      END DECLARE SECTION
    <SQL terminator>

<embedded SQL statement> ::=
    <SQL prefix>
      <statement or declaration>
    [ <SQL terminator> ]

<statement or declaration> ::=
      <declare cursor>
    | <dynamic declare cursor>
    | <temporary table declaration>
    | <embedded exception declaration>
    | <SQL procedure statement>

<embedded exception declaration> ::=
    WHENEVER <condition> <condition action>

<condition> ::=
    SQLERROR | NOT FOUND

<condition action> ::=
    CONTINUE | <go to>

<go to> ::=
    ( GOTO | GO TO ) <goto target>

<goto target> ::=
      <host label identifier>
    | <unsigned integer>
    | <host PL/I label variable>

<host label identifier> ::= !!<EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^

<host PL/I label variable> ::= !!<EMPHASIS>¡]°Ñ¬Ý¤åªk³W«h¡^

<preparable statement> ::=
      <preparable SQL data statement>
    | <preparable SQL schema statement>
    | <preparable SQL transaction statement>
    | <preparable SQL session statement>
    | <preparable implementation-defined statement>

<preparable SQL data statement> ::=
      <delete statement: searched>
    | <dynamic single row select statement>
    | <insert statement>
    | <dynamic select statement>
    | <update statement: searched>
    | <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned>
    | <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned>

<dynamic single row select statement> ::= <query specification>

<dynamic select statement> ::= <cursor specification>

<preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> ::=
   DELETE [ FROM <table name> ]
      WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name>

<preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> ::=
   UPDATE [ <table name> ]
      SET <set clause list>
      WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name>

<preparable SQL schema statement> ::=
      <SQL schema statement>

<preparable SQL transaction statement> ::=
      <SQL transaction statement>

<preparable SQL session statement> ::=
      <SQL session statement>

<preparable implementation-defined statement> ::=
    !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)

<direct SQL statement> ::=
    <directly executable statement> <semicolon>

<directly executable statement> ::=
      <direct SQL data statement>
    | <SQL schema statement>
    | <SQL transaction statement>
    | <SQL connection statement>
    | <SQL session statement>
    | <direct implementation-defined statement>

<direct SQL data statement> ::=
      <delete statement: searched>
    | <direct select statement: multiple rows>
    | <insert statement>
    | <update statement: searched>
    | <temporary table declaration>

<direct select statement: multiple rows> ::=
    <query expression> [ <order by clause> ]

<direct implementation-defined statement> ::=
    !!<EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules)

<SQL object identifier> ::=
    <SQL provenance> <SQL variant>

<SQL provenance> ::= <arc1> <arc2> <arc3>

<arc1> ::= iso | 1 | iso <left paren> 1 <right paren>

<arc2> ::= standard | 0 | standard <left paren> 0 <right paren>

<arc3> ::= 9075

<SQL variant> ::= <SQL edition> <SQL conformance>

<SQL edition> ::= <1987> | <1989> | <1992>

<1987> ::= 0 | edition1987 <left paren> 0 <right paren>

<1989> ::= <1989 base> <1989 package>

<1989 base> ::= 1 | edition1989 <left paren> 1 <right paren>

<1989 package> ::= <integrity no> | <integrity yes>

<integrity no> ::= 0 | IntegrityNo <left paren> 0 <right paren>

<integrity yes> ::= 1 | IntegrityYes <left paren> 1 <right paren>

<1992> ::= 2 | edition1992 <left paren> 2 <right paren>

<SQL conformance> ::= <low> | <intermediate> | <high>

<low> ::= 0 | Low <left paren> 0 <right paren>

<intermediate> ::= 1 | Intermediate <left paren> 1 <right paren>

<high> ::= 2 | High <left paren> 2 <right paren>

</verb></tscreen>
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<chapt>ªþ¿ý¤A¡Xªì¾ÇªÌ SQL ¾É¤Þ <label id="Appendix B">
-->
<sect>ªþ¿ý¤A¡Xªì¾ÇªÌ SQL ¾É¤Þ <label id="Appendix B">
<p>
<!--
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	*************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ******************
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<sect1> PostgreSQL ¾É¤Þ
<p>
SQL ¾É¤Þ¤]¥]§t¦b PostgreSQL ¤¤´²§G¡CSQL ¾É¤Þ¤â½Z¦b src/tutorial ¥Ø¿ý¤¤¡C
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<sect1>¤¬Ápºô URL «ü¼Ð
<p>
ªì¾ÇªÌªº SQL ¾É¤Þ¥i¦b¥H¤U¦a¤è§ä¨ì
<itemize>
<item> Jim Hoffman ªº«ü¾É <url url="http://w3.one.net/~jhoffman/sqltut.htm">
<item> Carnegie Mellon Univ <url url="http://www.heinz.cmu.edu/project/dbms">
¦b¦¹À»¿ï¡¥technical¡¦->¡¥SQL_examples.html¡¦©M¨ä¥L¡C
<item> Concord Univ <url 
url="http://www.cs.concordia.ca/Course_Notes/oracle/browser/node1.html">
</itemize>
¦³·N¨£©ÎºÃÃø¡H¹q¶l¦Ü
<itemize>
<item> Jim Hoffman <htmlurl url="mailto: jhoffman@one.net"
	       name="jhoffman@one.net">
</itemize>
John Hoffman ¤]±ÀÂË¥H¤Uºô§}¡J
<itemize>
<item> SQL Reference <url 
url="http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~shadow/sql.html">
<item> Ask the SQL Pro <url url="http://www.inquiry.com/techtips/thesqlpro/">
<item> SQL Pro's Relational DB Useful Sites <url 
url="http://www.inquiry.com/techtips/thesqlpro/usefulsites.html">
<item> Programmer's Source <url 
url="http://infoweb.magi.com/~steve/develop.html">
<item> DBMS Sites <url url="http://info.itu.ch/special/wwwfiles"> ¨ì¦¹¨ú±o 
compdb.html ÀÉ
<item> DB Ingredients <url 
url="http://www.compapp.dcu.ie/databases/f017.html">
<item> Web Authoring <url 
url="http://www.stars.com/Tutorial/CGI/">
<item> Computing Dictionary <url 
url="http://wfn-shop.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/foldoc">
<item> DBMS Lab/Links <url url="http://www-ccs.cs.umass.edu/db.html">
<item> SQL FAQ <url 
url="http://epoch.CS.Berkeley.EDU:8000/sequoia/dba/montage/FAQ"> Go here and 
see file SQL_TOC.html
<item> SQL Databases <url 
url="http://chaos.mur.csu.edu.au/itc125/cgi/sqldb.html">
<item> RIT Database Design Page <url 
url="http://www.it.rit.edu/~wjs/IT/199602/icsa720/icsa720postings.html">
<item> Database Jump Site <url url="http://www.pcslink.com/~ej/dbweb.html">
<item> Programming Tutorials on the Web <url 
url="http://www.eng.uc.edu/~jtilley/tutorial.html">
<item> Development Resources <url 
url="http://www.ndev.com/ndc2/support/resources.htp">
<item> Query List <url url="http://ashok.pair.com/sql.htm">
<item> IMAGE SQL Miscellaneous <url 
url="http://jazz.external.hp.com/training/sqltables/main.html">
<item> Internet Resource List <url 
url="http://www.eit.com/web/netservices.html">
</itemize>
<!--
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	*************** ³¹¸`µ²§ô ******************
    *******************************************

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<sect1> ½u¤W SQL «ü¾É
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¨ì¥H¤Uºô­¶¨ú±o½u¤W SQL «ü¾É
<itemize>
<item> SQL ªì¾Ç½Òµ{ <url url="http://sqlcourse.com">
<item> SQL ¶i¶¥½Òµ{ <url url="http://sqlcourse2.com">
</itemize>

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<chapt> ªþ¿ý¤þ¡XLinux §Ö³t¦w¸Ë«ü¤Þ <label id="Appendix C">
-->
<sect> ªþ¿ý¤þ¡XLinux §Ö³t¦w¸Ë«ü¤Þ <label id="Appendix C">
<p>
¦pªG§A­p¹º¦b Linux ¨Ï¥Î PostgreSQL¡A¦Ó¦b¦w¸Ë Linux 
®É»Ý­nÀ°§U¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¦b³oªþ¿ý¤¤«ü¥Üªº¦a¤è¡C¥¦­Ì¥]§t¥H¤U¥DÃD¡J
<itemize>
<item> Salient Features of Linux - Why Linux is better as a database server 
when compared with Windows 95/NT
<item> 10 minutes Linux Quick Install Instructions
<item> Microsoft-Linux Analogy List
<item> Quick Steps to Recompile the Linux Kernel
</itemize>

<itemize>
<item> ¥Dºô­¶ <url url="http://www.aldev.8m.com">
<item> ¬M®g¯¸¥x <url url="http://aldev.webjump.com">
<item> ¬M®g¯¸¥x <url url="http://www.homepages.infoseek.com/~aldev1/index.html">
<item> ¬M®g¯¸¥x <url url="http://www3.bcity.com/aldev/">
<item> ¬M®g¯¸¥x <url url="http://www.members.spree.com/technology/aldev/"> 
</itemize>
<!--
    *******************************************
    ************ End of Section ***************
    *******************************************
 
<chapt> ªþ¿ý¤B¡X¦w¸Ë Midgard <label id="midgardinstall">
-->
<sect> ªþ¿ý¤B¡X¦w¸Ë Midgard <label id="midgardinstall">
<p>
¨Ó¦Û <url url="http://www.midgard-project.org/download/binaries"> ªº RPMS
¥Ø«e¤£¥]¬A PostgreSQL ¤ä´©¡A©Ò¥H§A­n±q­ì©l½X tar.gz ÀÉ¦w¸Ë¡C

¤U¸ü Midgard ­ì©l½X tar.gz ÀÉ¡A¾\Åª INSTALL.REDHAT ÀÉ¡X
<code>
bash# cd midgard-lib-1.4beta6
bash# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-mysql=/usr/local --includedir=/usr/include/mysql --with-midgard=/usr/local --with-pgsql=/var/lib/pgsql --includedir=/usr/include/pgsql
bash# make
bash# make install
bash# ldconfig -v | grep -i midga
«þ¨©ìøÀYÀÉ¡A¥H¨¾ make install ¤£³o¼Ë°µ¡K
bash# cp *.h /usr/local/include
 
 
bash# cd ../mod_midgard-1.4beta5c
bash# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-mysql=/usr/local --includedir=/usr/include/mysql --with-midgard=/usr --with-pgsql=/var/lib/pgsql --includedir=/usr/include/pgsql
bash# make
bash# make install
# ­×§ï apache ³]©w¬° /usr/¡K¡K
#modify apache line to correct /usr/.....
bash# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf   ¡]©Î¦b  /etc/apache/httpd.conf¡^
bash# /etc/init.d/apache restart
# ­A­«·s±Ò°Ê apache¡I¡I¡I

bash# cd ../midgard-php-1.4beta6
bash# ./configure '--with-apxs' '--with-mysql' '--with-pgsql' '--with-midgard' --prefix=/usr/local --with-midgard=/usr/local
 
bash# gvim Makefile
¦b INCLUDE ÅÜ¼Æ¤¤¥[¤W -I/usr/include/pgsql¡C

¤]­n¦p¤U¦b $(APXS) «ü¥O¤¤¥[¤W $(INCLUDE)¡X
 
libphp3.so: mod_php3.c libmodphp3-so.a  pcrelib/libpcre.a midgard/libphpmidgard.a
    -@test -f ./mod_php3.c || test -L ./mod_php3.c || $(LN_S) $(srcdir)/mod_php3.c ./mod_php3.c
    -@test -f ./mod_php3.c || test -h ./mod_php3.c || $(LN_S) $(srcdir)/mod_php3.c ./mod_php3.c
    $(APXS) -c -o libphp3.so  -I$(srcdir) $(INCLUDE) -I. -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/lib/glib/include  -Wl,'-rpath /usr/local/lib' ./mod_php3.c libmodphp3-so.a
$(APXS_LDFLAGS)
 
bash# make
bash# make install
# ­×§ï apache ³]©w¬° /usr/¡K¡K
# ¥[¤W¦p¤U¼Æ¦æ¡X
    LoadModule php4_module        modules/libphp4.so
	    AddModule mod_php4.c
    LoadModule php4_module        lib/apache/libphp4.so
 
    &lt
IfModule mod_php4.c>
        AddType application/x-httpd-php4 .php4
        AddType application/x-httpd-php4 .php
        AddType application/x-httpd-php4-source .phps
        AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
    &lt
/IfModule>
 
bash# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf   ¡]©Î¦b /etc/apache/httpd.conf¡^
 
bash# /etc/init.d/apache restart
# ­n­«·s±Ò°Ê apache¡I¡I¡I
</code>
<!--
    *******************************************
    ************ End of Section ***************
    *******************************************
 
-->
<sect1>´ú¸Õ Midgard PHP ¦øªA¾¹<label id = "testmidgard">
<p>
­n´ú¸Õ¦w¸Ë¬O§_¦¨¥\½Ð³o¼Ë°µ¡X
¦b§Aªº¤å¥ó®Ú¥Ø¿ý¤¤«Ø¥ß¤@­ÓÀÉ®×¡C§Ú³q±`ºÙ¥¦¬° info.php¡A¨Ã¦b¨ä¶¡¥[¤W¤@¦æ¡J
<code>
&lt
?phpinfo()?>
</code>
 
¦b§AªºÂsÄý¾¹¤¤¸ü¤J¡Jhttp://localhost/info.php

§A·|¨£¨ì¤@­¶º}«GªºÕp­n¡A¦C¥X§Aªº³]©w¤¤©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ¡C
§A¤j·§¤£·|§â³oÀÉ®×©ñ¦b¦b¥Í²£¥Îªº¦øªA¾¹¤¤¡A¦ý¬°¤F¶}µo®É°£¿ù©M¤@¯ë¸ê®Æ¡A
¥¦·|«Ü¤è«K¡C
<!--
    *******************************************
    ************ End of Section ***************
    *******************************************
 
-->
<sect1>«O¦w OpenSSL <label id = "openssl">
<p>
§A¥i¯à­n¦b
<url url="ftp://ftp.deva.net/pub/sources/crypto/rsaref20.1996.tar.Z">
¨ú¦æ RSA ®M¸Ë³n¥ó¥H±Ò¥Î SSL ¥[±K¡C¤]½Ð¬Ý¬Ý Linux ¥úºÐªº OpenSSL
<url url="http://www.openssl.org">¡C
 
¦pªG§A¤£·Q±Ò°Ê SSL¡]©Î§A¹J¨ì§xÃø¡^¡A¤U¸ü­ì©l½X Apache-Midgard RPM ©M­×§ï *.spec
ÀÉ©M§R¥h SSL¡A¦A­«¨£ RPM¡C
<!--
    *******************************************
    ************ End of Section ***************
    *******************************************
 
-->
</article>
