This is the compendium of SOILS-L digests for May 1996.
It was prepared from the daily digest mailings. Some digests
may be missing, because occasional mailings are lost en route.
Contents: New Subscriber with question ("Goyne, Keith W." .<.Goyne@agronomy.cas.psu.edu.>.) Re: New Subscriber with question (hperry@forestry.umn.edu (C. Hobart Perry)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 12:48:00 -0700 (PDT) From: "Goyne, Keith W." .<.Goyne@agronomy.cas.psu.edu.>. Subject: New Subscriber with question Good afternoon! As a new subscriber I would like to introduce myself. My name is Keith W. Goyne and I am a graduate student at Penn State studying differences in the renovation of acid deposition in soils forming from contrasting geologic types. My questions are: 1) Is anyone currently using wick lysimeters to collect soil solution in an acid deposition study? 2) Has anyone used the wick lysimeters in the winter and how have you dealt with freezing? Thanks Keith W. Goyne goyne@psu.edu <------------------------------>
Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 14:45:55 -0500 From: hperry@forestry.umn.edu (C. Hobart Perry) Subject: Re: New Subscriber with question Keith, I know that Dr. Satish Gupta (Dept. Soil, Water and Climate) is involved in some studies using wick lysimeters in agricultural settings. However, I don't believe they are acid deposition studies. You might try contacting him and/or his graduate students. Satish Gupta University of Minnesota 439 Borlaug Hall 1991 Upper Buford Circle St. Paul, MN 55108 Wk: (612) 625-1241 Hobie Perry -- C. Hobart Perry hperry@forestry.umn.edu Dept. Forest Resources 612-625-5765 University of Minnesota, St. Paul 612-625-5212 (fax) <------------------------------>
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Contents: Financing (DataMerge1@aol.com) Re: New Subscriber with question (Cloneit@aol.com) Background Concentrations (ermexico@mail.internet.com.mx (Manuel Ortiz Monasterio (ERM-Mexico))) Re: Background Concentrations ("Jeffrey G. White" .<.jgw4@cornell.edu.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Wed, 1 May 1996 13:09:54 -0400 From: DataMerge1@aol.com Subject: Financing We provide information on sources of financing for the commercial-for profit application of technology and scientific research. Among our database listors are Venture Capitalists, Small Business Investment Companies, and IPO/Private Placement Underwriters. I'd appreaciate a call from anyone in need of financing. I can do a preliminary search for those sources "most likely" to finance you. Best Regards Pearse Mahr DataMerge, Inc. Denver, Colorado 1-800-580-1188 <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 1 May 1996 14:44:48 -0400 From: Cloneit@aol.com Subject: Re: New Subscriber with question unsubscribe soils-l@unl.edu <------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 2 May 1996 09:19:01 -0600 From: ermexico@mail.internet.com.mx (Manuel Ortiz Monasterio (ERM-Mexico)) Subject: Background Concentrations Hello: I work in an environmental consulting company. Some of the studies we perform require soil sampling. This samples are sent to a laboratory to be analyzed. The objective of this sampling and testing is to verify and know the extention of the soil where there is suspected contamination. In order to know this, the results for the concentration of any substance have to be compared to the normal background concentration for such substance. I would like to know where I could obtain some information (via internet or bibliography) on the normal background concentrations for metals and other substances in soil. I know that these values are different from place to place and, although we perform most of our work throughout Mexico, I think that values for soil in the U.S. (If there is no information available for Mexico) may be a good basis. Thank you very much. Adios Amigos. <------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 2 May 1996 11:23:55 -0400 From: "Jeffrey G. White" .<.jgw4@cornell.edu.>. Subject: Re: Background Concentrations >I would like to know where I could obtain some information (via internet or >bibliography) on the normal background concentrations for metals and other >substances in soil. I know that these values are different from place to >place and, although we perform most of our work throughout Mexico, I think >that values for soil in the U.S. (If there is no information available for >Mexico) may be a good basis. Manuel, The following references should give you some idea of the range of metal contents in US soils. Soils do vary considerably in their metal contents from place to place (some metals by several orders of magnitude), so I hope that you are able to find data for soils closer to your areas of interest. Good luck. Connor, J.J., H.T. Shacklette, R.J. Ebens, J.A. Erdman, A.T. Miesch, R.R. Tidball, and H.A. Tourtelot. 1975. Background geochemistry of some rocks, soils, plants, and vegetables in the conterminous United States. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 574-F, Washington, D.C.. Holmes, R.S. 1943. Copper and zinc contents of certain United States soils. Soil Sci. 56:359-370. Holmgren, G.G.S., M.W. Meyer, R.L. Chaney, and R.B. Daniels. 1993. Cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, and nickel in agricultural soils of the USA. J. Env. Qual. 22:335-348. Shacklette, H.T., and J.G. Boerngen. 1984. Element concentrations in soils and other surficial materials of the conterminous United States. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1270. US Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC. Shacklette, H.T., J.C. Hamilton, J.G. Boerngen, and J.M. Bowles. 1971. Elemental composition of surficial materials in the conterminous United States. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 574-D. US Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC. Regards, Jeffrey G. White, Ph.D. Soil, Crop, and Atmospheric Sciences/Cornell University USDA Plant, Soil, & Nutrition Laboratory Tower Road Ithaca, NY 14853-2901 USA Telephone: 607-255-2179 FAX: 607-255-2459 email: jgw4@cornell.edu <------------------------------>
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Contents: Funding/Financing (DataMerge1@aol.com) Re: Background Concentrations (Kwittle@aol.com) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Thu, 2 May 1996 14:04:28 -0400 From: DataMerge1@aol.com Subject: Funding/Financing We provide information on sources of financing for the commercial-for profit application of technology and scientific research. Among our database listors are Venture Capitalists, Small Business Investment Companies, and IPO/Private Placement Underwriters. I'd appreaciate a call from anyone in need of financing. I can do a preliminary search for those sources "most likely" to finance you. Best Regards Pearse Mahr DataMerge, Inc. Denver, Colorado 1-800-580-1188 <------------------------------>
Date: Fri, 3 May 1996 07:02:03 -0400 From: Kwittle@aol.com Subject: Re: Background Concentrations Try a book by Alloway, "Heavy Metals in Soils," published by Blacke and John Wiley and sons.1990. <------------------------------>
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Contents: Re: New Subscriber with question (tomt@teleport.com (Tom Thomson)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Fri, 3 May 1996 11:34:42 -0700 (PDT) From: tomt@teleport.com (Tom Thomson) Subject: Re: New Subscriber with question Dr Wes Jarrell at the Oregon Graduate Center in Beaverton OR 503-690-1183 has experimented with using ion exchange resins in mesh bags placed in the soil to capture soil solution components. One may choose either an- cat- or polyionic resins as the needs dictate. I do not know if this will help, but..... > >Good afternoon! > >As a new subscriber I would like to introduce myself. My name is Keith W. >Goyne and I am a graduate student at Penn State studying differences in the >renovation of acid deposition in soils forming from contrasting geologic >types. > >My questions are: 1) Is anyone currently using wick lysimeters to collect >soil solution in an acid deposition study? 2) Has anyone used the wick >lysimeters in the winter and how have you dealt with freezing? > >Thanks > >Keith W. Goyne >goyne@psu.edu > > Tom Thomson Northwest Agricultural Consulting "The only difference between a problem and a solution is that people understand the solution." Charles Kettering <------------------------------>
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Contents: Introduction (zegwaard@waikato.ac.nz (K Zegwaard)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Fri, 10 May 1996 13:10:12 +1300 From: zegwaard@waikato.ac.nz (K Zegwaard) Subject: Introduction I am Karsten Zegwaard, studying soils at University of Waikato (New Zealand), Earth Science Department. Currently I am in my first year of my Masters, and my thesis topic will be in the area of soil physics, most likely with sustainable management and soil degradation over-tunes. Does anyone have any information on past, and maybe present, research done in the area of "soil physical and chemical indicators of soil over-usage, and the change of these factors from virgin soils to developed soils" I am hoping to form a relationship between soil factors change, due to development, time, and at which point the change in the soil factors become detrimental to agricultural and horticultural production (mainly short term, but also long term effects). I would appreciate any help, Thanks in advance. **************************************************************************** Karsten Zegwaard Department of Earth Sciences The University of Waikato Hamilton, New Zealand email: zegwaard@waikato.ac.nz Ph: (07) 843-3540 **************************************************************************** <------------------------------>
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Contents: Re: Introduction ("J.D. Oster" .<.oster@mail.ucr.edu.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Thu, 9 May 1996 22:00:08 -0500 From: "J.D. Oster" .<.oster@mail.ucr.edu.>. Subject: Re: Introduction Some of the writings of J. P. Quirk may be appropriate. Particularly, his papers which touch on organic matter, for example Davidson, J. L. and Quirk, J. P. 1961, The influence of dissolved gypsum on pasture establishment on irrigated sodic soils. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 12, 100-110. The decline in organic matter which often occurs after virgin soils are used for croping can be a significant factor in a decline in soil aggregate stability. A good reference to Quirk's published works can be found in Advances in Agronomy, 53:123-183. 1994. The title of this paper is Interparticle Forces: A basis for the interpretation of soil physical behavior. At 07:27 PM 5/9/96 -0500, you wrote: > > >I am Karsten Zegwaard, studying soils at University of Waikato (New >Zealand), Earth Science Department. Currently I am in my first year of my >Masters, and my thesis topic will be in the area of soil physics, most >likely with sustainable management and soil degradation over-tunes. > >Does anyone have any information on past, and maybe present, research done >in the area of "soil physical and chemical indicators of soil over-usage, >and the change of these factors from virgin soils to developed soils" I am >hoping to form a relationship between soil factors change, due to >development, time, and at which point the change in the soil factors become >detrimental to agricultural and horticultural production (mainly short >term, but also long term effects). > >I would appreciate any help, > >Thanks in advance. > >**************************************************************************** > > > Karsten Zegwaard > > Department of Earth Sciences > The University of Waikato > Hamilton, New Zealand > email: zegwaard@waikato.ac.nz > Ph: (07) 843-3540 > >**************************************************************************** > > > J.D.(Jim) Oster Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences University of California Riverside, CA 92521 Phone (909)787-5100 FAX (909)787-5522 <------------------------------>
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SOILS-L digest 532 was NOT received <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Contents: Re: Introduction and question on CEC (Donald James Krapohl .<.geos0007@frank.mtsu.edu.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Sat, 11 May 1996 21:10:33 -0500 (CDT) From: Donald James Krapohl .<.geos0007@frank.mtsu.edu.>. Subject: Re: Introduction and question on CEC unsubscribe soils-l <------------------------------>
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Contents: Re: Introduction and question on CEC (Jock.Churchman@adl.soils.csiro.au (Jock Churchman)) Re: Introduction and question on CEC (Usha Pillai-mcgarry .<.U.Pillaimcgarry@mailbox.uq.oz.au.>.) unsubscribe (Cloneit@aol.com) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Mon, 13 May 1996 12:51:03 +0930 From: Jock.Churchman@adl.soils.csiro.au (Jock Churchman) Subject: Re: Introduction and question on CEC Bill, In this lab, we determine CEC's of clays by 2 main methods: 1. Suck clay in suspension through a millipore (.<. 0.2 micrometers) filter, .>. 80 mg clay on a 30 mm diameter filter. Exchange the clays with 1M barium chloride, thoroughly rinse to remove the excess Ba, then determine elemental composition by X-ray fluoresence (XRF). The sample is anan infinitely thick one as far as the X-rays are concerned. The analysis of Ba gives the CEC as it is assumed that there is no native Ba in the clay. This was used in a paper we published in Australian Journal of Soil Research 32, 805-822, 1994. 2. Exchange the clay with 1m calcium chloride, throuhly wash to remove excess Ca, then dry and fuse 0.28 grams with lanthanum oxide and lithium tetraborate. Again analyse by XRF. Once again, it is assumed that calcium is present only as the exchangeable cation (you could use any cation that fitted this requirement, provided you had XRF standards for the matrix of elements you were using). You work out the structural formula from the analyses, and ascribe all of the Ca to exchangeable sites. The method for the fusion analysis is in Norrish and Hutton, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 33, 431-453, 1969. The first method is not as precise as the second, but it requires less clay and less preparation, is performed routinely in this lab, and is actually not bad for precision. More generally, I am very interested in your project, as we are doing a lot of work on clays for the uptake of pollutants and especially modification of clays for the uptake of non-ionic (and anionic) organic compounds. I'd be pleased to keep in touch with you. Good luck, Jock Churchman Dr Jock Churchman CSIRO Division of Soils Private Bag No. 2 Glen Osmond South Australia 5064 AUSTRALIA Phone: (08) 303 8498 61 8 303 8400 (International) Fax: 61 8 303 8550 <------------------------------>
Date: Mon, 13 May 1996 16:39:22 +1000 (GMT+1000) From: Usha Pillai-mcgarry .<.U.Pillaimcgarry@mailbox.uq.oz.au.>. Subject: Re: Introduction and question on CEC Bill, I've used the silver thiourea method of Chhabra et al to measure the CEC and exchangeable cations in Vertisols which are smectite dominant. The method works very well as you can determine boththe CEC as well as the cations on the exchange sites provided one takes into account the soluble cations. The reference is : Chhabra,R; Pleysier, J. and Cremers, A. (1975). The measuremnet of the cation exchange capacity etc........ Proc. Int. Clay Conf. Mexico City. 439-49. Good luck in your quest. Regards, Usha Pillai-McGarry, Dept. of Agriculture, Univ. Of Queensland. On Sat, 11 May 1996, william thomas denham wrote: > Hi everybody out there in soilsland, > > My name's Bill Denham - I graduated with an undergraduate degree in > Soil Science last year and I'm now working on my Master's in Applied > Science in Environmental Engineering here at the University of > British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. > > I have a question about cation exchange capacity in connection with > my thesis (if you're interested in some of the details of the thesis, > see below). Does anyone have experience testing relatively pure > montmorillonite for CEC? If so, what might be the best method to use? > I am using bentonite (commercial name for montmorillonite) from a > mine in Saskatchewan, Canada. I have just finished doing CEC by > replacing the native cations (mostly sodium) with ammonium by washing > with ammonium acetate, then washing with isopropanol, then replacing > the ammonium by washing with KCl, then measuring the ammonium > concentration. I got results that ranged from 32-72 meq/100 g, which > is obviously too variable. I think the problem may have been in the > repeated washings of the clay (first with ammonium acetate, then with > alcohol, then with KCl) - some ammonium may have volatilized during > this washing or some clay particles may have been moved through the > filter. Any ideas? > > My thesis has to do with landfill liners. These liners are often > partly or completely constructed of compacted soil with a high clay > content. The idea of such a liner is to reduce hydraulic conductivity > to almost nothing so that leachates from the landfill can't get into > the ground and/or surface water, but will be diverted to the landfill > pumping system and properly treated. An added benefit of such liners > is the clay's adsorptivity - many metals, especially, will be > adsorbed on cation exchange sites and thus prevented from reaching > the groundwater. However, clay is less effective at immobilising > hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOC's), which cannot displace the > tightly held metal cations. In some cases, these HOC's are in fact > anionic or nonionic and of course will not be attracted to the > negatively charged clay. > > One possible solution for this problem is the modification of the > clay (in this case, commercial bentonite) with organic surfactant > molecules. These surfactants have a cationic end and a hydrophobic > end. The cationic end adsorbs strongly the the cation exchange site > and the hydrophobic end sticks out into the soil solution. The > hydrophobic ends of the surfactant molecules form an organic > pseudophase into which HOC's can be solubilized/adsorbed. > > In order to use these surfactants in a landfill application, > bentonite would be modified with the surfactant and then mixed with > the native soil. The liner would be effective if it maintained a very > low hydraulic conductivity (1 X 10-7 cm/s) while adsorbing both HOC's > and cationic contaminants. In my research, I'll be doing laboratory > experiments to test the hydraulic conductivity and adsorptivity of > bentonite modified in this way. > > However, before I can produce the organoclay I need to have a pretty > good handle on the CEC, since the amount of surfactant one adds to > the clay depends on the CEC (75% of the exchange sites will be > occupied by the surfactant molecules). I need to be sure that I have > this number right before I proceed. Any help would be much > appreciated. > > Bill Denham > > > > > > <------------------------------>
Date: Mon, 13 May 1996 16:51:23 -0400 From: Cloneit@aol.com Subject: unsubscribe unsubscribe soils-l@unl.edu <------------------------------>
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Contents: Re: Introduction and question on CEC (fujiihi@ffpri.affrc.go.jp (Hisao Fujii=?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCIUpGIzBmNVdNOiFLGyhK?=)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Wed, 15 May 1996 14:54:28 +0900 From: fujiihi@ffpri.affrc.go.jp (Hisao Fujii=?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCIUpGIzBmNVdNOiFLGyhK?=) Subject: Re: Introduction and question on CEC Dear Bill Denham, I'm not so familiar with CEC measurement, but I think there is possibility that some error may occur when alcohol washing. Some part of free NH4 ion may remain and some part of exchangeable NH4 ion may be washed out. Some researchers adopt centrifugal method instead of alcohol washing (ex. K. Wada, Journal of Soil Science, 1980, 31, 307-314). In this method, remained solution mass is measured and quantity of remaining free NH4 ion is calculated from it. But most of the CEC of montmorillonite is by electric diffuse double layer, so in the layer cation concentration is high and anion low (so this calculation often brings some errors, such as negative AEC). But in your case, as most of the soil constituents are montmorillonite, most of the free water will be removed by centrifuging and only double layer solution will be remain after centrifuging, so precise measurement may be possible with centrifugal method without calculation of remainder. Regards. ----------------------------------------------------- Hisao Fujii (fujiihi@ffpri.affrc.go.jp) Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Ibaraki, Japan TEL 0298-73-3211(ext475) ----------------------------------------------------- <------------------------------>
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Contents: unsubscribe (ermexico@mail.internet.com.mx (Manuel Ortiz Monasterio (ERM-Mexico))) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Mon, 20 May 1996 14:05:54 -0600 From: ermexico@mail.internet.com.mx (Manuel Ortiz Monasterio (ERM-Mexico)) Subject: unsubscribe signoff soils-l <------------------------------>
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Contents: introduction-environmental journalist, exploration tour guide & (cnenv@public3.bta.net.cn) unsubscribe (cbooth@enterprise.powerup.com.au (Carol Booth)) : unsubscribe (ermexico@mail.internet.com.mx ((Consultoria Ambiental))) Re: : unsubscribe (Donald James Krapohl .<.geos0007@frank.mtsu.edu.>.) (ermexico@mail.internet.com.mx ((Consultoria Ambiental))) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Tue, 21 May 1996 11:01:17 +0800 (CST) From: cnenv@public3.bta.net.cn Subject: introduction-environmental journalist, exploration tour guide & Hi, everyone. I'm a new subscriber to the list. My name is Liu Qi.I'm an environmental journalist in China. Every field related to environment interests me. As I love nature and its beauty, love field trip and exploration,I used to major in Geology and transfer to natural resources management in China University of Geosciences, be a guide for exploration tour for several years before I became an environmental journalist. I have still got some involvement in field trip since I left travel service, as some colleagues worldwide often ask me to guide their exploration in inland China. Recently an journalist in Japan informed me his interest in exploring the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. I have worked out a tentative itinerary for his tour . I'm working on another exploration tour to explore three remote places in inland China where people enjoy significant longevity in a near 100 percent nature surroundings. Years of field trip experiences also give me an advantage of collecting specimen. Presently I have got specimen of some 1,000 butterflies and 10,000 insects inhabited in China. I'll be happy to give any possible help for our soils-l colleagues if I can, by my knowledge in China's environment and related fields, by my experiences in exploration tours across inland China and my collection of specimen. Looking forward to hearing from you. LIU Qi .<.cnenv@public3.bta.net.cn.>. <------------------------------>
Date: Tue, 21 May 1996 22:00:01 +1000 From: cbooth@enterprise.powerup.com.au (Carol Booth) Subject: unsubscribe signoff soils-l _____________________________ Carol Booth PhD Science writer 191 Annie Street New Farm Q 4005 Australia phone/fax: 61-7-33584309 email: cbooth@powerup.com.au <------------------------------>
Date: Tue, 21 May 1996 09:20:18 -0600 From: ermexico@mail.internet.com.mx ((Consultoria Ambiental)) Subject: : unsubscribe signoff soils-l _____________________________ Manuel Ortiz Monasterio Ing. Jos=E9 Luis Aguirre G. ERM-M=E9xico Tel. ** 52 5 211 00 90 Fax **52 5 286 97 59 <------------------------------>
Date: Tue, 21 May 1996 12:06:39 -0500 (CDT) From: Donald James Krapohl .<.geos0007@frank.mtsu.edu.>. Subject: Re: : unsubscribe signoff soils-l <------------------------------>
Date: Tue, 21 May 1996 12:58:41 -0600 From: ermexico@mail.internet.com.mx ((Consultoria Ambiental)) Subject: signoff soils-l Ing. Jos=E9 Luis Aguirre G. ERM-M=E9xico Tel. ** 52 5 211 00 90 Fax **52 5 286 97 59 <------------------------------>
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Contents: Soils- fiertilizers (Wendy.Wang@tas.for.csiro.au (wendy wang)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Thu, 23 May 1996 10:50:57 +1000 From: Wendy.Wang@tas.for.csiro.au (wendy wang) Subject: Soils- fiertilizers Hi, everyone. I wonder if anybody knows any newsletters on soils-fertilizers which may be of interest to farmers. Wendy Wang <------------------------------>
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Contents: UK audience: help please (cnenv@public3.bta.net.cn) RE: Soils- fiertilizers (Anaite Herrera .<.paycin@ns.guate.net.>.) Re: Soils- fiertilizers (evan@griffith.dwr.csiro.au (Evan Christen)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Thu, 23 May 1996 18:01:22 +0800 (CST) From: cnenv@public3.bta.net.cn Subject: UK audience: help please Dear friends in UK, I'm an journalist in mainland China. My name is Liu Qi. I'm trying to get in touch with .<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>. INTERNATIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL CENTRE(IBC) .<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>..<..>. at Cambridge. Its postal code is CB2 3QP England. Its telephone number:(01353)721091. Its fax number is: (01353)721839. I've written to the IBC for several times but received no response. I've also tried for many times to search a URL address or e-mail address through some search engines on Internet but achieved no result. Please, help me find a e-mail address of this body as you are at easy reach... Many thanks in advance! Looking forward to hearing from you. Sincerely yours, LIU Qi .<.cnenv@public3.bta.net.cn.>. <------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 23 May 1996 16:50:23 -0600 From: Anaite Herrera .<.paycin@ns.guate.net.>. Subject: RE: Soils- fiertilizers ------ =_NextPart_000_01BB48C8.0C492580 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable I do not know any, but I am very interested too. ---------- From: wendy wang[SMTP:Wendy.Wang@tas.for.csiro.au] Sent: Mi=E9rcoles 22 de Mayo de 1996 06:48 PM To: Multiple recipients of list Subject: Soils- fiertilizers Hi, everyone. I wonder if anybody knows any newsletters on soils-fertilizers which may be of interest to farmers.=20 Wendy Wang ------ =_NextPart_000_01BB48C8.0C492580 Content-Type: application/ms-tnef Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 eJ8+IgwWAQaQCAAEAAAAAAABAAEAAQeQBgAIAAAA5AQAAAAAAADoAAENgAQAAgAAAAIAAgABBJAG AAgBAAABAAAADAAAAAMAADADAAAACwAPDgAAAAACAf8PAQAAAD0AAAAAAAAAgSsfpL6jEBmdbgDd AQ9UAgAAAABzb2lscy1sQHVubC5lZHUAU01UUABzb2lscy1sQHVubC5lZHUAAAAAHgACMAEAAAAF AAAAU01UUAAAAAAeAAMwAQAAABAAAABzb2lscy1sQHVubC5lZHUAAwAVDAEAAAADAP4PBgAAAB4A ATABAAAAEgAAACdzb2lscy1sQHVubC5lZHUnAAAAAgELMAEAAAAVAAAAU01UUDpTT0lMUy1MQFVO TC5FRFUAAAAAAwAAOQAAAAALAEA6AQAAAAIB9g8BAAAABAAAAAAAAAMGKwEIgAcAGAAAAElQTS5N aWNyb3NvZnQgTWFpbC5Ob3RlADEIAQSAAQAYAAAAUkU6IFNvaWxzLSBmaWVydGlsaXplcnMAZAgB BYADAA4AAADMBwUAFwAQADIAFwAEAEwBASCAAwAOAAAAzAcFABcAEAAxAC8ABABjAQEJgAEAIQAA AEM5NEVEOEUxQkFCNENGMTFCQzAzNDQ0NTUzNTQwMDAwABUHAQOQBgCMAwAAEgAAAAsAIwAAAAAA AwAmAAAAAAALACkAAAAAAAMANgAAAAAAQAA5AOCPvzn6SLsBHgBwAAEAAAAYAAAAUkU6IFNvaWxz LSBmaWVydGlsaXplcnMAAgFxAAEAAAAWAAAAAbtI+jmu4dhOyrS6Ec+8A0RFU1QAAAAAHgAeDAEA AAAFAAAAU01UUAAAAAAeAB8MAQAAABEAAABwYXljaW5AZ3VhdGUubmV0AAAAAAMABhDG28RgAwAH EBgBAAAeAAgQAQAAAGUAAABJRE9OT1RLTk9XQU5ZLEJVVElBTVZFUllJTlRFUkVTVEVEVE9PLS0t LS0tLS0tLUZST006V0VORFlXQU5HU01UUDpXRU5EWVdBTkdAVEFTRk9SQ1NJUk9BVVNFTlQ6TUnp UkNPAAAAAAIBCRABAAAAEgIAAA4CAADuAwAATFpGdVseZVb/AAoBDwIVAqgF6wKDAFAC8gkCAGNo CsBzZXQyNwYABsMCgzIDxQIAcHJCcRHic3RlbQKDM3cC5AcTAoB9CoAIzwnZO/EWDzI1NQKACoEN sQtg5G5nAdA1OAr7FFEL8gJjAEAgSSBkbyC0bm8FQGsbQAfgIABwYHksIGJ1BUAa8GHIbSB2BJB5 IAuAE9ADFhATwWQgdG9vLoMKhQqLbGkxODAC0eBpLTE0NA3wDNAf47kLWTE2CqADYBPQYwVAvi0i BwqHILsMMCGGRgNhTjojDiGGDIIgdwnwZAUc8HcZAVtTTVRQpDpXJtIuVxkBQAGQxHMuAhByLmMA kANg8C5hdV0iryO9BmACMAsk7yX7TQCgJ2U5cjsVgQeRMhHgDbAF0GF5AxsgLqExOTk2IDCANjo0 OCBQTSmPGSO9VG8rzyzcdWx06wUgLjAgFhBjBSAIkAIw8QQgb2YgH0ATwDAvKp44dWJqIcEyTyX7 U2/xAxBzLSAfsASQNFAfQJp6BJBzHg8fEzM2IIfTGkUhhkhpHBBlHMICIPZlHf0a8HcCIASBHQA1 cP8b4QbgJvEbggQgG+EbMAfQvnMuMAJAOyE1UAOgczozpmY6uCawaGkRcCAAwPp5CoViLrA1YR0W HbE6gPcKwAeAEaAuHmYKhSfDR3C/GQE7XzxvPXwKhRUxAEvQAAADABAQAAAAAAMAERAAAAAAQAAH MCBQuyT6SLsBQAAIMCBQuyT6SLsBHgA9AAEAAAAFAAAAUkU6IAAAAACW8g== ------ =_NextPart_000_01BB48C8.0C492580-- <------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 23 May 1996 17:55:27 -0500 From: evan@griffith.dwr.csiro.au (Evan Christen) Subject: Re: Soils- fiertilizers Hi Wendy There is the Farmers Newsletter published by the Irrigation Research & Extension Council here in the MIA, covers all topics though. There is also the Vegetable Growers handbook that has recommended fertiliser rates and hrbicides etc for many vegetable crops. Contact Nell Snaidero on 069 601550 Regards Evan >Hi, everyone. > >I wonder if anybody knows any newsletters on soils-fertilizers which may >be of interest to farmers. > >Wendy Wang > > Dr Evan Christen Irrigation and Drainage Management for Horticulture CSIRO Division of Water Resources Griffith Laboratory Griffith NSW 2680 Australia Tel # 61 69 601586 Fax # 61 69 601600 <------------------------------>
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