From SYSAM@UACSC2.ALBANY.EDUMon May 22 06:43:36 1995 Date: Mon, 22 May 95 08:34:41 EDT From: Aaron Morris To: dicka@cuug.ab.ca ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 1 May 90 11:59:00 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Ed Beary Subject: inquiry I am new to this group and would like to know the scope of the discussions which take place. Is there any discussion of solitary bees? Is Apis mellifera included in the discussion? Are other Apis species discussed? Ed Beary @GENVA.BITNET ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 1 May 90 14:05:24 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Orville G. Marti" Subject: lists Can someone provide a list of other entomology-related 'lists' that are available via Bitnet? Thanks, O.G. Marti ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 1 May 90 16:33:55 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Edward E. Southwick" Subject: What is discussed In answer to your query, ANY solitary or social species is discussed. In fact, I am particularly interested in temperate bee species both solitary and social. Most of the work I have done has been on honey bees to date. One aspect we hope will take shape on this e-mail system is the review of published literature. Several volunteers tell the rest of us about bee-oriented papers they have seen. Anyone out there, please feel free to tell us of any study you have recently read and also about current questions and always, sources of $$$ to support field work. Dr. Beary, please contact me via BITNET of phone below. ENjoy the season.......... ================================================================== º Edward E. Southwick Department of Biology º º Phone 716-395-5743 State University of New York º º FAX 716-395-2416 Brockport, New York 14420 º º BITNET SOUTHWIK@BROCK1P U.S.A. º ================================================================== ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 2 May 90 09:51:00 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: This is gatewayed mail. Warning: Mail may not necessarily be returnable through this path. From: General Delivery Subject: panhandle feeding study--call for help Ia I am seeking assistance. I have written up a feeding study which was recently completed in Florida's panhandle. It was designed in response to complaints about large-scale dieoffs of bees in the area. I am close to submitting it for publication and would like some help from bee-lers in reviewing it. If you would be interested in looking at it and hopefully providing ideas on how it can be improved, please contact me. Thanks in advancet. bitnet mts@ifasgnv internet mts@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu Tom Sanford Extension Apiculturist, University of Florida, ph 904/392-1801. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 3 May 90 14:26:14 ARG Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Insectos Sociales The organization of the First National Meeting for the Regulation and Control of Bee Pathology is progressing. The symposium arises facing some recent cases of American Locque declared in Argentina. My friends of the Argentine Beekeeper Society (S.A.D.A.) asked me to use BEE-L for collecting international information concerning control rules for all aspects of varroatosis and other acarine diseases, bacterial and protozoic diseases, virus diseas es and fungal infections. They are particularly interested in International Legislation for the statement of sanitary barriers for bees' diseases. Should you wish to provide related information, please send it via BEE-L to me or via air mail to: Dr. Alicia De la Riva Sociedad Argentina de Apicultores (S.A.D.A.) Rivadavia 717 - 8 piso CP 1392 Buenos Aires ARGENTINA Many thanks for all. Martin Giurfa Lab. of Behavioral Physiology Department of Biological Sciences University of Buenos Aires --- Insectos Sociales inssoc ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 4 May 90 13:40:04 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "John P. Wrosch" Subject: bee venom therapy Does anyone have or know of any information on the use of bee venom therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis? thanks, John P. Wrosch ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 6 May 90 13:41:41 +0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: EISIK@TAUNOS.BITNET Subject: Re: inquiry In-Reply-To: Message of Tue, 1 May 90 11:59:00 EST Dear sir, All kind of bees are discussed. Dan Eisikowitch. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 7 May 90 17:07:58 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: peter Subject: ethylene Just a quick question: Does anyone have any information about the effects of Ethylene on bees, bees of any kind, insects in general? Effects of any kind whatsoever from anesthetic, to death, to hallucinations, odd behaviour, etc. etc. etc. We would be most grateful for any hints, leads, references, unpublished results, and so on. Cheers, Peter. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 8 May 90 09:07:31 +0200 Reply-To: TRACY LOGAN Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology Comments: Resent-From: Rainer M Woitok Comments: Originally-From: TRACY LOGAN From: Rainer M Woitok Subject: Seek help with beehive problem I picked this from BIOSPH-L. Maybee (oops:) Maybe someone on BEE-L remembers the TV show or can point to other sources of information. Please reply to Tracy's address given below. Sincerely Rainer PS: If you have my e-mail address stored somewhere, you should notice that it is going to change. Though I hope to retain my BitNet connection for quite a while, the preferred (and sure) way of reaching me is using my new X.400 address given below. .----------------------------------------------------------------------. | Rainer M. Woitok | Phone: (+49-9131) 85-7811, -7031 | | Regionales Rechenzentrum | Fax : (+49-9131) 30 29 41 | | Friedrich-Alexander-Uni | Telex: d 629 755 tf erl | | D-8520 Erlangen | X.400: Woitok@VM.RRZE.Uni-Erlangen.DBP.DE | | West Germany | Old : MAINT@DERRZE1.BITNET | '----------------------------------------------------------------------' ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- A local beekeeper, 20 years in the game, needs some information about bees and people. Up till now, he's been fine, out in the country. Now someone has built a house close by. When the neighbor mowed real close to the hives, he got stung. Tarps were put up, and worked; but blew loose recently, so one more sting. The police were called, etc. I haven't talked to the neighbor, but it does seem like he is really against the bees existing nearby, no matter what. Perhaps a clash of city-ways and country-ways. Anyway, this fellow is desperate to find a PBS(?) TV show he saw a while ago that chronicled the impact on an ecosystem when the bees were removed from it. Anyone recall seeing it? Perhaps someone knows of other sources for information that would be of use in resolving this matter? Please respond to LOGANT@LAFAYETT -- tracy ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 8 May 90 10:57:00 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: TRACY LOGAN Subject: seeking help with bees/neighbor conflict From: STUVAX::LOGANT "TRACY LOGAN" 7-MAY-1990 15:54:01.52 To: TRACY CC: Subj: bees A local beekeeper, 20 years in the game, needs some information about bees and people. Up till now, he's been fine, out in the country. Now someone has built a house close by. When the neighbor mowed real close to the hives, he got stung. Tarps were put up, and worked; but blew loose recently, so one more sting. The police were called, etc. I haven't talked to the neighbor, but it does seem like he is really against the bees existing nearby, no matter what. Perhaps a clash of city-ways and country-ways. Anyway, this fellow is desperate to find a PBS(?) TV show he saw a while ago that chronicled the impact on an ecosystem when the bees were removed from it. Anyone recall seeing it? Perhaps someone knows of other sources for information that would be of use in resolving this matter? I am not a beekeeper, tho I have had hives placed on my property and the kids and I had no problems. I just want to help this fellow -- the local bee-groups don't have the info he needs, I gather. If the matter has been discussed earlier on the list, I can do a database search (suggest some rubrics!). Please respond to LOGANT@LAFAYETT -- tracy ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 9 May 90 14:39:10 LCL Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: BS2611@PRIMEB.DUNDEE.AC.UK Subject: bee venom therapy In-Reply-To: Your message of Fri, 4 May 90 13:40:04 EDT ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Jonathan Newman Dept. Biological Sciences University of Dundee Millers Wynd Dundee. DD1 4HN U.K. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Telephone (0382) 23181 Ext. 4282 **************************************************************** E-Mail Address: J.Newman@uk.ac.dundee.primeb **************************************************************** Re: BEE VENOM EFFECTS ON MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS My father has had Multiple Sclerosis for thirty five years. During twenty of these he kept bees, until he could no longer tend to them properly. I am sure that he got stung at least once every time he went out to the hives and it became a bit of a family joke for a time! As to the effect of bee venom on the progression of MS, I have not noticed any difference between the overall rate of decline during the time when he was being regularly stung, and in more recent times when there has not been any contact with bees. I do remember that there was some interest in bee venom effects on MS about ten years ago, but it dropped out of favour, or at least out of public sight. I would be interested if any further work has been done. Yours, Jonathan. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 10 May 90 07:54:51 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: CPEL@FRINRA72.BITNET Subject: Carbondale, 1982 Please, who could tell us where to purchase the proceedings of the 10th Pollination Conference, held in Carbondale, Illinois in 1982 (publisher's name and complete address)? Thanking you. Sincerely yours, Colette PELISSIER Documentalist INRA, Stn Zoologie-Apidologie Domaine St-Paul 84140 MONTFAVET FRANCE Bitnet address: cpel -at FRINRA72 -- ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 11 May 90 12:38:59 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Peter Subject: Re: Carbondale, 1982 In-Reply-To: Message of Thu, 10 May 90 07:54:51 EDT from DEAR COLETTE: THE PROCEEDINGS WERE HELD AT SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY, JULY, 1982. THE PROCEEDINGS WERE PUBLISHED BY: THE AMERICAN BEEKEEPING FEDERATION 13637 N. W. 39TH AVENUE GAINESVILLE FLORIDA 32606 PLEASE LET ME KNOW IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO GET A COPY FROM THE PUBLISHER AND I SHALL TRY TO ASSIST. PETER KEVAN, UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 14 May 90 11:19:50 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: COURANT@FRINRA72.BITNET Subject: Bee literature review Apidologie no 1/90 has just been issued. Here is its contents: 1) KUBISOVA S., HALSBACHOVA H. Pollen grains adhering to bodies of honeybees after cole crop pollination (in Ge rman, detailed summary in English) pp. 1-10 College of Agriculture, Brno (Czechoslovakia) 2) GUPTA J.K., REDDY M.C.M., KUMAR J. Pattern of nectar secretion in wild cherry and the associated foraging behaviour of Apis cerana indica and Apis mellifera pp. 11-16 Department of Entomology and Apiculture, University of Horticulture and Forestry , Nauni 173 230, Solan (India) 3) PERSANO ODDO L., BALDI E., ACCORTI M. Diastatic activity in some unifloral honeys. pp. 17-24 Istituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria, Sezione Apicoltura, Via Leonida R ech 36, 00156 Roma (Italy) 4) LUPO A., EISIKOWITCH D. Eucalyptus erythrocoris: a source of nectar and pollen for honey bees in Israel pp. 25-33 Department of Botany, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv Universi ty, Tel Aviv 69978 (Israel) 5) GAMBINO P., HOELMER K., DALY H.V. Nest sites of feral honey bees in California pp. 35-45 Hawwaii Volcanoes National park, Field Research Center, Box 52, Hawaii Natinal P ark, HI 96718 (USA) 6) WONGSIRI S., LIMBIPICHAI K., TANGKANASING P., MARDAN M., RINDERER T.(1), SYLV ESTER H.A., KOENIGER G., OTIS G. Evidence of reproductive isolation confirms that Apis andreniformis (Smith 1858) is a separate species from sympatric Apis florea (Fabricius 1787) pp. 47-52 (1) Honeybee breeding, genetics and Physiology Research, 1157 Ben Hur Road, Bato n Rouge LA 70820 (USA) 7) MORITZ R.F.A., MAUL D. Development of Varroa jacobsoni in colonies of Apis mellifera capensis and Apis mellifera carnica pp. 53-58 Bayerische Landesanstalt fur Bienenzucht, Burgbergstr. 70, 8520 Erlangen (FRG) 8) SALEH-MHGIR E., DARCHEN R. The queen part in the tolerance between worker bees (in French, detailed summary in English) pp. 59-67 Station Biologique, 24620 Les Eyzies (France) 9) LOBREAU-CALLEN D., LE THOMAS A., DARCHEN B., DARCHEN R. Some factors determining foraging behaviour of Hypotrigona pothieri in the veget ation of Ivory Coast (in French, detailed summary in English) pp. 69-83 CNRS, Laboratoire de Phanrogamie du Museum, 16 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris (France) ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 15 May 90 16:50:56 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Pat Ryan Subject: Bee Pollen sources A non computer using fan of "health" food asked me to post this question: Where is the best consumable pollen to be found? Interested in pollution-free w ith the greatest enzymatic action! Any suggestions will be greatly appreciated. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 May 90 08:28:39 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: COURANT@FRINRA72.BITNET Subject: address wanted A Lebanese student in apiculture would like to get in touch with the author of the book "Honey in the comb" published in 1951 in Paris, Illinois. Would somebody know where to join the author? Thank you, Christiane Courant, documentalist INRA-CNRS F-91440 Bures sur Yvette (France) Bitnet: Courant -at FRINRA72 Fax: 33-1.69.07.50.54 ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 May 90 08:52:17 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: COURANT@FRINRA72.BITNET Subject: address wanted (the end) Sorry, I forgot to give the name of the author; it is C.E. KILLION ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 16 May 90 09:41:57 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: "Edward E. Southwick" The question about pollution-free pollen is an interesting one! Oviously you do not want to take pollen (or honey for that matter) from hives located downwind from highways, power plants, chemical or other factories. So I would think the best pollen/honey for consumption would be that taken from rural areas (try Arizona, Canadian provinces, northern California, OR, WA, S. America, etc). Several good refs follow: Molzahn, D. et al. 1989. Transfer of radioactive cesium from soil to rape plants, rape blossoms, and rape honey. Apidologie 20:473. Bromenshenk, J.J. et al. 1985. Pollution monitoring of Puget Sound with Honey bees. Science 227:632. Free, J.B. et al. 1983. Using foraging honeybees to sample an area for trace metals. Environ. Internat. 9:9. Hill, D.W. et al. 1981. Metals in honey produced and marketed in Connecticut. Univ. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta Res Rpt 68:1-8. cheers, e.e. southwick ================================================================== º Edward E. Southwick Department of Biology º º Phone 716-395-5743 State University of New York º º FAX 716-395-2416 Brockport, New York 14420 º º BITNET SOUTHWIK@BROCK1P U.S.A. º ================================================================== ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 17 May 90 11:03:19 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: peter kevan Subject: COtwo and bees We ask your help! Does anyone have any information on the minimum amount (concentration, %, ....) of Carbon Dioxide required to knock out a bee? Any other insect for that matter? We know that above 60% CO2 anaesthetizes virgin queens (technique for Instrumental insemination), and we know that in the hive the CO2 levels may reach 2 or 5% and that initiates fanning. However, we can find nothing about the minimum levels of CO2 that cause any insect to keel over. Thanks for your help. Peter (U of Guelph, Ont N1G 2W1, Canada) ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 20 May 90 17:15:25 +0200 Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: EISIK@TAUNOS.BITNET Subject: Re: ethylene In-Reply-To: Message of Mon, 7 May 90 17:07:58 EST Dear sir ,Nothing is known to me on Ethylen and bees,sorry, but why all yor love stories via bit net are passing through my lab (for Collette and others ),how ar e you by the way.Cheers Dini. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 21 May 90 17:11:00 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: MTS@IFASGNV.BITNET Subject: MAY ISSUE OF APIS--PLEASE ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT TO BITNET MTS@IFASGNV FILENAME: MAYAPIS.90 Apis--Apicultural Information and Issues Florida Extension Beekeeping Newsletter Volume 8, Number 5, May 1990 RESISTANT BEE STOCKS The USDA folks are interested in finding bees resistant to tracheal mites. That's the word from Dr. Anita Collins at the Weslaco Bee Laboratory. She would like to be in contact with beekeepers who have noticed either susceptibility or resistance in their bee stocks and would be willing to donate a queen or two to the project. She would also appreciate any information beekeepers might give on purchased stock; whether certain breeders' queens appear more susceptible or resistant. Anyone interested in participating in this project should contact Dr. Collins or Dr. Bill Wilson, USDA Bee Laboratory, 509 W. 4th St., Weslaco, TX 78596, ph 512/968-3159. AMERICAN FOULBROOD-OLD FOE An old enemy has reared its head in Florida. American foulbrood (AFB) is on the rise it seems. Over the last few months on at least two occasions, 300 bee colonies have been destroyed by the Division of Plant Industry. Mr. Laurence Cutts, the State Apiarist, is rightfully troubled. It seems that other concerns may have contributed to a decline in vigilance for AFB. Inspectors have had their hands full with added duties which include inspection for Varroa mites. It is easy in these hectic times for both inspectors and beekeepers to put AFB control on the "back burner." As I mentioned in the last issue of this newsletter, many factors can be limiting in beekeeping. American foulbrood certainly is one. It is caused by a spore-forming bacterium (Bacillus larvae) and is greatly feared anywhere bees are kept. The disease is highly contagious and can quickly spread throughout an apiary. However, because it's been around a relatively long time, the technology to control AFB is available. This amounts to feeding the antibiotic called oxytetracycline hydrochloride. The only labelled formulation of oxytetracycline is known by the tradename, Terramycin (R). It is TM-25 Soluble Powder manufactured by Pfizer. The product must be used exactly as prescribed on the label. Unfortunately, the package containing the material does not have the bee label printed on it. Rather, an insert comes with the packages in bulk shipment. As a consequence, often the seller does not provide a label. Insist on getting at least a copy of the label at the time of purchase. It must be in one's possession while applying the material. Although Terramycin (R) is available and effective, many beekeepers do not use it. There continues to be controversy about the policy of feeding the material as a preventative. One problem is that once a regimen has begun, it must continue indefinitely. The antibiotic does not kill the bacterium; it only prevents growth and thus, the symptoms of AFB fail to appear. If feeding stops, symptoms will reappear provided the Bacillus is present. Feeding the antibiotic, therefore, means the beekeeper will not know if the bacterium is present. Those who prefer not to feed and allow the bee inspector to burn any colonies with symptoms will have a better idea about how prevalent the bacterium is in their operations. More importantly, they will have many fewer problems if the disease should become resistant to the antibiotic. If symptoms appear in a colony that is being fed Terramycin (R), the best course of action is to burn the hive, for it may harbor a resistant strain of bacterium. Florida pays a small remuneration for colonies destroyed because of AFB. However, in order to collect, the area bee inspector must burn the colony. A potential problem exists when colonies are purchased. If the new owner does not know to continue a preventative antibiotic feeding program, a disease problem may quickly develop. Thus, the best course of action is to have any equipment that is being purchased inspected. If any doubt exists about a colony's disease history, a preventative feeding program should be carefully considered. RESIDUES IN HONEY A word to the wise from Canada. Douglas McCrory in the Ontario Apiculture Newsletter writes about chemicals used in beekeeping. He notes that Agriculture Canada continues to monitor honey and has found both sulfa (used for American foulbrood control) and carbolic acid or phenol (used to remove supers) residues. Nine of twelve samples in Ontario had sulfa, a disquieting figure. Neither sulfa nor carbolic acid are legal uses and should not be used, Mr. McCrory says. Any detection will result in detention of the product and ensuing bad publicity with untold losses in the market place. In Florida, these substances are also not registered nor legal to use. The use of sulfa is especially difficult to understand. TM-25 is a legal alternative that works just as well. With reference to phenol, Mr. McCrory says, bee escapes have been re-evaluated and improved, and bee blowers are also available, as is the registered chemical, Be Go (R). BEES DON'T HAVE CHOLESTEROL Recent emphasis on a healthy diet brings to issue what insects are the best to consume. Dr. Karla Ritter writes in the latest issue of The Food Insects Newsletter, that being animals, most insects are sources of cholesterol; on an average they have 0.1% sterol (i.e., 1 mg sterol/grams of tissue). This includes the tobacco horn worm (Manduca sexta) and the house cricket (Acheta domesticus). For the latter insect, the newsletter reprints a recipe for Crispy Cajun Crickets which are "crunchy and have a tasty flavor all their own." Fortunately, Dr. Ritter says consumption of insects does not always mean eating unwanted cholesterol. The honey bee does not produce the substance and so can be eaten and presumably labelled as many foods are now as "free from cholesterol--never had it, never will." Now if it could be determined that honey bees were also high in fiber... OILING YOUR BEES This provocative title above is quoted from Dr. Eric Mussen's newsletter, >From the UC Apiaries. There have been several references in recent bee journals about preliminary studies suggesting that lipids (shortening/oil) interfere with tracheal mite transfer between bees. Dr. Mussen suggests some facts should be kept in mind. 1. Waxes and lipids forming the outermost layer of the insect integument (shell) function mostly to retain moisture and protect against abrasion. In very young bees, the skin has not "cured" and is different from older bees. This difference may be used by tracheal mites to determine which bees are the best candidates to transfer to. 2. Introduction of extra lipids into a colony to disrupt mite transfer needs to be done in a limited way. A slowly-released source that will work over a long time is probably the best. Experience in California suggests "extender patties," pioneered by Dr. Bill Wilson now at the Weslaco Bee Laboratory, will work in this manner. Dr. Mussen's recipes follow: Vegetable Shortening Based: Oil Based: 1 lb. vegetable shortening 1 lb. vegetable oil 2 lb. granulated sugar 3 (?) lb. granulated sugar According to Dr. Mussen, hand mixing will lead to granular end products that may crumble if they are short on lipid. Powdered sugar can be substituted for granular, but this increases cost and produces a somewhat sticky end product. Blending with a heavy duty mixer will result in a smooth product quite similar to frosting made by commercial bakeries. Dr. Mussen also suggests that lipids NOT be added to pollen supplement/substitute patties. Too much lipid making its way into larval food can be deleterious. It is important to remember that like so many things in beekeeping, the costs and benefits of oiling bees are not fully known; much needs to be learned. One example, the question mark concerning the oil based recipe above. Beekeepers should approach this technology carefully and employ caution in its use. PROFESSIONALISM Mr. James Ladlie has written an article in the March issue of Agrichemical Age called "Professionalism in the Age of Regulations." This provides food for thought across the production agriculture spectrum. According to Mr. Ladlie, although production agriculture has made impressive progress and provided many benefits, it suffers from public apathy and misperception. People want safe, high quality, inexpensive food. Society, Mr. Ladlie says, is easily led by emotion; thus, it has a positive view of low-input, sustainable agriculture, but a negative one of what has evolved as conventional agriculture based on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. The future demands those in production agriculture be better stewards of resources, Mr. Ladlie says. And reexamination of the present use of resources will inevitably result in better and more intense management. We are moving toward a management-intensive rather than capital-intensive agriculture. This demands an interweaving of agricultural production and social responsibility. Those who succeed in this new climate, Mr. Ladlie says, must stress a systems approach which integrates technologies and attitudes promoting better resource stewardship. In short, agriculturalists, according to Mr. Ladlie, must demonstrate to society that they are capable of managing precious resources. The only way to do this in this age of regulations is to become a qualified professional. This means developing a common body of knowledge and a certification procedure, and implementing an ethical standard. Mr. Ladlie says there are some examples of agricultural professionalism already in existence. One is the Nebraska Certified Crop Production Adviser program (NCCPA) with the following purposes: 1. To increase knowledge, ability and professionalism of the crop production industry. 2. To show regulatory agencies that there are efforts to improve the industry. 3. To reduce possible harm to the environment. 4. To promote the concept of profit-oriented production. 5. To enhance the crop production industry's professionalism. Another example, Mr. Ladlie says, is the Registry of Environmental and Agricultural Professionals (REAP). This organization is a consortium of professional societies proposing to address the need for professional, uniform standards. Programs similar to those proposed by REAP would provide assurance to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the general public that agriculturalists are well informed and only using chemicals when necessary and in the proper manner. Unofficial sources in the EPA, according to Mr. Ladlie, say that the day is not far away when anyone applying a farm chemical of any type will have to be certified. The beekeeping industry is not immune to this issue. There are signs that a greater degree of professionalism will be demanded from beekeepers in the future. Introduction of exotic bee mites has resulted in greater use of chemicals by beekeepers, as well as more complex regulations concerning moving bees. The coming of the African honey bee will mean greater attention to apiary management to avoid nuisance law suits and retain current bee locations. The concept of certifying operators rather than colonies as reported in the March issue of this newsletter is gaining acceptance. Two critical elements are required, according to Mr. Ladlie, to begin to develop a cadre of professionals: a credible association and a commitment to continuing education. There has been recognition of this in the bee industry. One proposal for certifying operators is being developed by NASDA in conjunction with USDA APHIS and other groups. The idea of professionalism in the craft should also be on the agenda of beekeeping associations; launching a program might be one way for groups to attract membership which appears to have greatly declined around the nation. NEW BEE INSPECTOR The Division of Plant Industry reports that a new bee inspector has been hired for District 12 which includes Dade, Monroe and Collier counties. His name is Ashraff Hosein, 13603 Old Cutler Rd., Building 8, Miami, FL 33158. Mr. Hosein's phone number is 305/251-9540. He also has a Suncom state telephone number: 8-466-9402. GOODWILL GAMES There is good news for beekeepers and others watching the Goodwill Games this summer in Seattle. Honey has been designated the official sweetener for the largest athletic event in North America in the 1990s. Over 50 countries and 2,500 athletes will be present during the period July 20 thru August 5. The event will be televised worldwide by Turner Broadcasting. As a sponsor for the games, the National Honey Board has planned an impressive array of public relations activities including a sports drink for athletes, press kits and features on athletes using honey. In addition, honey will be mentioned on television tags and the Goodwill Games/Honey logo featured on posters, table tents and banners. Finally, U.S. honey will be promoted at the Games' International Trade Exhibition. Those of you selling honey are urged to get on the bandwagon and piggyback your efforts to get as much as possible out of these promotions. SUPERIOR ACCOMPLISHMENT In 1988, the Florida Legislature authorized a State University System-wide Superior Accomplishment Awards Progam. The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is one division within the University of Florida. Seven award categories within IFAS were established. Ms. Glinda Burnett was chosen a 1989 Charter Award Recipient for Clerical and Office Support in the first round of competition. This makes her eligible for the University-wide award in that category. Many of those receiving APIS over the years know Ms. Burnett; largely through her efforts this newsletter has been typed, printed and delivered to your mailing address. In this capacity, she has come in contact with a good many beekeepers in Florida. Perhaps most have met her in conjunction with the annual Beekeepers Institute which she not only has helped to administer, but as part of the program, has also conducted food demonstrations using honey. I know many of you recognize the valuable contributions to the beekeeping extension program provided by Ms. Burnett over the years and join with me in congratulating her for receiving the first IFAS Superior Accomplishment Award. Sincerely, Malcolm T. Sanford 202 Newell Hall--0312 IFAS University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-0312 Phone (904) 392-1801 FAX: 904-392-5660 BITNET Address: MTS@IFASGNV INTERNET Address: MTS@GNV.IFAS.UFL.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 22 May 90 10:25:25 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: COURANT@FRINRA72.BITNET Subject: Re: CO2 and bees There is a review concerning the effects of carbon dioxide on insects in: Annual Review of Entomology, 1989, 34, 97-116 Paragraph concerning mortality pp 107-108. Insects are in fact very resistant to CO2 With regard to bees, A. Deyme (in Apidologie, 1977, 8 (3), 217-228) tested different concentrations of CO2 (to 75%) on bees of different ages. No bees died and the 2-day-old bees were the most sensitive . ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 25 May 90 17:16:14 EST Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: PeterKevan Subject: Re: CO2 and bees In-Reply-To: Message of Tue, 22 May 90 10:25:25 EDT from Thank you very much for the reference on CO2. It is quite amazing that honey bees seem so resistant to hig concentrations of CO2, well above what would be found in nature, even in a hive. Best Wishes, Peter Kevan. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 30 May 90 15:51:15 EDT Reply-To: Discussion of Bee Biology Sender: Discussion of Bee Biology From: Barbara Fallon Subject: MAY ISSUE OF APIS--PLEASE ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT TO BITNET MT In-Reply-To: Message of 05/21/90 at 17:11:00 from MTS@IFASGNV.BITNET Thank you for the informative newsletter