

Article 526 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
From: <[email-masked]>
Subject: DATABASE FOR EXPERTS IN BOTANY
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: University of Oulu, Finland
Date: Fri, 30 Oct 1992 06:48:14 GMT
Lines: 104

DATABASE FOR EXPERTS IN BOTANY

                              Anne J{k{l{niemi
                              University of Oulu
                              Department of Botany
                              Linnanmaa
                              SF-90570 OULU
                              FAX: +358 81 553 1500
                              E-MAIL: [email-masked]

Dear Colleague,

The doctoral (postgraduate) education is being developed and
organized in several fields of science at the Universities of
Finland. In botany, the programme for doctoral education is
coordinated by the Department of Botany at the University of Oulu
and the project is financed by the Ministry of Education. Since the
importance of the international cooperation between Universities
and Research Institutes at the postgraduate level is well
emphasized we are creating an international database for experts in
BOTANY, where experts/research institutes/university
departments can easily be reached on the basis of the key words for
example. For that purpose, could You please distribute these
database forms to the experts in botany at Your
University/Institute. Forms can be send back to: Anne J{k{l{niemi,
Department of Botany, University of Oulu, SF-90570 OULU, FINLAND,
or faxed: + 358 81 553 1500.

With best wishes,

                                   Anne J{k{l{niemi
                                   Coordinator of the Postgraduate
                                   Program
                                   in Botany

     We will inform You as soon as the database is ready for use.

DATABASE FOR EXPERTS IN BOTANY

NAME:____________________________________________________________
PRESENT
POSITION:________________________________________________________
INSTITUTE:_______________________________________________________
ADDRESS:_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
TEL:_____________________________________________________________
FAX:_____________________________________________________________
E-MAIL
ADDRESS:_________________________________________________________

EDUCATION:_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

PROFESSIONAL
EXPERIENCE:______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
FIELD(S) OF RESEARCH: Plant Systematics __, Geobotany __, Plant
Ecology __, Ecophysiology __, Plant Physiology __, Plant Anatomy __,
Plant Molecular Biology __, Mycology __

RESEARCH AND EXPERTISE
(KEYWORDS):______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

RESEARCH AND EXPERTISE (FREE
FORM):___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

LINGUISTIC ABILITY (NATIVE AND
OTHERS):_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

REMARKS:_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Send form to: Anne J{k{l{niemi, University of Oulu, Department of
Botany, Linnanmaa, SF-90570 OULU, FAX: +358 81 553 1500

Article 529 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!haven.umd.edu!umd5!williams.smcm.edu!bwilliam
From: [email-masked] (Bill Williams)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Molecular distillation [was: Re: HELP: humongous leaves!]
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 30 Oct 92 19:01:20 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: St. Mary's College of Maryland
Lines: 30
X-UserAgent: Nuntius v1.1.1d10
X-XXMessage-ID: <[email-masked]>
X-XXDate: Fri, 30 Oct 92 20:04:41 GMT

In article <[email-masked]> Tony Travis,
[email-masked] writes:
>There is little point in optimising water use efficiency in leaves
that 
>are not photosynthetically active and I guess that 'shade' leaves are 
>contributing little (or are actually sinks) in which case it would be
a 
>selective advantage to have fewer stomata on them.

I've certainly never run across a shade leaf with a negative 24-hour
net photosynthetic rate, and I would imagine that such a leaf would be
quickly shed. My own experience, and the literature that I'm familiar
with, suggests that the typical shade adaptations -- lower
concentrations of Rubisco, larger photosynthetic units (i.e., more
antenna per reaction center), and consequent general thinness and lack
of stomata (since conductance is generally correlated with
photosynthetic rate) -- are  to allow positive net photosynthesis
in more-or-less constant low-light conditions.  Indeed, these
adaptations are generally incompatible with good performance in high
light (e.g., sun flecks), and most shade leafs develop significant
photoinhibition even at quite moderate light levels.  That this may be
a problem without an obvious physiological solution is illustrated by
Oxalis oreganum, which has very low-light adapted leaves but manages to
survive intense sunflecks by folding its leafs so that they're parallel
with the rays in the fleck, thus greatly reducing absorbed intensity.
 ___________________________________
William E. Williams, [email-masked]
Divison of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
St. Mary's College of Maryland
St. Mary's City, MD 20686

Article 539 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!caen!uunet!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!news
From: Thomas Bjorkman <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Methanol and improved yields
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
X-Xxdate: Mon, 2 Nov 92 11: 25:26 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: 132.236.4.37
Nntp-Posting-User: [email-masked]
Organization: Cornell University
X-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1.1d7
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Mon, 2 Nov 1992 16:21:26 GMT
Lines: 32

In article <[email-masked]> Tony Travis,
[email-masked] writes:
>Anyone who works in a lab and is aware of the toxic effects of methanol
>would find it difficult to believe that you are recommending spraying
>it on a crop intended for direct human consumption.  Let alone the
>health of people breathing the methanol spray.

I am the source of at least part of this posting, so I would respond to
your concerns by saying that the recommendations are from Nonpomura and
Benson, not me.  I would make absolutely no recommendation regarding
whether this is appropriate for any particular individual.  There was a
discussion about it on alt.coevolution, but none of the discussants had
read the article.  I gave an opinionated translation of the original work
so that people had an opportunity to discuss that which was actually in
the article rather than what they imagined miight be in it.

I should add that I AM a lab rat, and that in my short carreer as a
horticultusrist, I have not yet gotten into spraying.  However, I have
learned some interesting things about sprays.  One is that the carriers
in most of the formulations sprayed directly on leaves make 10% methanol
look positively benign.  (These are the inert ingredients.)  As it
happens, Nomura and Benson spend much of their paper figuring out what
the toxic concentration of methanol is for a wide variety of plants. 
They then did trials with lower concentrations.
  
This paper has gotten a considerable amount of press, and with the 40%
yield increases they describe, I am sure that it will stay in the news
for a while.  My opinion is that they describe some provocative results
with speculation on a mechanism.  Has Andy Benson started selling snake
oil?  I surely do not know, but this is a long way from being
incorporated into common agricultural practice.  While the plant
physiology is provocative, the practical agriculture is pedestrian.

Article 575 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!cis.ohio-state.edu!news.sei.cmu.edu!fs7.ece.cmu.edu!pellns.alleg.edu!news
From: [email-masked] (Ajay Gupta)
Subject: INFO NEEDED-DDT UPTAKE AND METABOLISM IN PLANTS
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: Allegheny College
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 1992 03:25:24 GMT
Lines: 8

I am doing my senior thesis on DDT uptake and metabolism in plants and  
using plants to reclaim contaminated areas. I need information on what  
kinds of plants are able to absorb DDT efficiently. Place of uptake, if it  
is metabolized, storage, etc, etc etc. I am interested in any information  
you might have on the subject. I will be grateful for any help I can get.

Reply to,
          [email-masked]

Article 576 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!destroyer!uunet!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!news
From: Thomas Bjorkman <[email-masked]>
Subject: Deforestation and AIDS
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
X-Xxdate: Wed, 11 Nov 92 08: 25:51 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: 132.236.4.19
Nntp-Posting-User: [email-masked]
Organization: Cornell University
X-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1.1d7
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 1992 13:21:50 GMT
Lines: 15

The following information is from a UPI article dated 9 Nov, 1992:

Plant explorer D.D. Soejarto the Field Museum of Natural History at the
University of Chicago has been collecting plant materials from the
Malaysian rainforest and examining them for medicinal properties.  

The good news:  a natural substance, calanolide, in the tree Calophyllum
langerum blocks the effect of AZT-resistant HIV-1 without great toxicity
to the human cell.  

The bad news: When Soejarto returned to the collecting site, the tree was
gone.
----------------
When you have trouble replicating your next great discovery, think of Dr.
Soejarto!

Article 579 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!uunet!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!news
From: Kathie Hodge <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Aspergillus niger question
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
X-Xxdate: Wed, 11 Nov 92 12: 28:48 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: 128.253.27.147
Nntp-Posting-User: [email-masked]
Organization: Cornell University
X-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1.1d7
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 1992 17:26:07 GMT
Lines: 39

In article <[email-masked]> Larry London,
[email-masked] writes:
>In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked]
writes:
>>We are looking for information concerning the spraying of a product
>>used as biological pest control which may be contaminated with 
>>Aspergillus niger. What are the possible hazards associated with
>>this organism related to plants or animals.
>
>Isn't this the active ingredient in BEANO which is added to cooked beans
>as a digestive aid? It would also be excellent on compost piles to help
>convert raw biomass to humus. I think it breaks down cellulose & maybe
lignin.

Aspergillus niger is one of the most abundant of fungal saprobes.  There
is a whole group of species in Aspergillus (group Niger) that produce
black spores, and the taxonomy of these is difficult, so if you're
looking for further info on your contaminant, you should be sure you've
really got A. niger, and not just something in the Niger group  (see
Raper & Fennel, 1965.  _The Genus Aspergillus_ for a good, if old,
overview).

Various species have been used in industry to produce many different
compounds, including, I suspect, the active enzyme(s) in BEANO.  I don't
think the fungus itself is in there.

Although species in the Niger group grow normally as saprobes (mainly in
my frig, it seems!) they've also been reported to cause plant diseases
including peanut crown rot, cotton boll rot, onion black mold, etc.  The
spores of many species of Aspergillus are powerful allergens.  They
haven't been known as significant agents of human disease, but they are
certainly facultative pathogens,  A. niger can cause a nasty infection of
the outer ear.

Hope this helps.  

Kathie Hodge
[email-masked]

Article 605 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba bionet.biology.tropical:113 bionet.plants:605
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!jvnc.net!yale.edu!news.yale.edu!venus.ycc.yale.edu!weed
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.biology.tropical,bionet.plants
Subject: information on conservation-oriented politics please
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Nov 92 15:18:59 GMT
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Yale Computer Center (YCC)
Lines: 21
Nntp-Posting-Host: old-venus.ycc.yale.edu

I am a senior undergraduate, working on my senior essay in the Department of
Political Science, here at Yale.  The essay is focused on conservation of
biological diversity, and more specifically, on diversity conservation in the
  rain forests of South and Central America.  I have a good deal of information
on the biological, economic, and international political issues surrounding the
diversity conservation problem.  How   r, I have seen very little in the
literature on national, regional, or community-level organizations concerned
with either the pro-consumption, or pro-protection sides of the issue.  I am
told that very little is available in English on the subject, and am, therfore,
wondering if any researchers with recent experience in South or Central America
would be willing to detail their experiences in working with whatever
organizations may be extent in the region.  I have focused the essay toward the
international choices available t groups interested in conservation of
biodiversity, but have *no* information (which I can cite), to support the
supposition that interest groups on the national, regional, or local levels
exist in these countries.  Any first-hand   anecdotal evidence would probably
be sufficient to support the point that non-external forces are working to
conserve/destroy local rainforest diversity.
Thanks, in advance, for any assistance that can be provided on this matter.
Matthew Weed
Yale/Silliman 93.

Article 700 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: A big hello
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 10 Dec 92 15:31:10 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 32
Original-To: [email-masked]

In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
: I am a "virgin" bionet user, this is my first message.

Hello, David + welcome to bionet.plants!

: Is there anybody out there who is interested in how plants deal with
: heavy metals (ie Cd, Cu, Zn etc....yes O.K you know what a heavy metal
: is). Perhaps were could have a meaningful dialogue?

I worked for a while at Plymouth Polytechnic (UK) during the early 80's
when Lane and Martin were working on uptake of heavy metals by potatos
and strawberries, but I'm not sure what they published.

There are two quite different issues, I think:

One is uptake of heavy metals (ie. accumulation) and the health risks
for people eating crop plants that are grown on contaminated soil.

The other is exclusion of heavy metals by plants which are able to
survive in, and colonise polluted environments.

: Please reply on my Email address ([email-masked]) or to everybody
: if you think they would be interested.

Ok, everybody - are you interested in discussing heavy metals??

	Tony.
--
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751

Article 723 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!biosci!esvax.dnet.dupont.com!cunninsd
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: plants, metals and contaminated sites
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Dec 92 15:55:43 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 98

	This is my first time on this network, but I heard a
discussion of heavy metals in plants was underway, so I 
thought I'd join in. Here at DuPont we have an active 
research program in using plants toremediate contaminated 
soils. For this effort we  have borrowed a term I first heard
used by Ilya Raskin at Rutgers' and called it 
"Phytoremediation". 

	We define phytoremediation as the use of green plants to
remove, contain, or render harmless an environmental 
contaminant.  This definition applies to all plant-influenced
biological, chemical, and physical processes that aid in site
remediation. Although our particular current research 
emphasis is the remediation of lead-contaminated soils, we 
are interested in most other metals and organics as well.  
Simply described, we propose to farm hazardous waste sites, 
biomine the metal contaminants, and reclaim the metals 
through postharvest processing of the biomass. We consider 
the entire process to have multiple, but interdependent 
components. For the technology to be useful each component 
must be sound technically and economically, and must be 
acceptable from a regulatory perspective. Our efforts in 
phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soils address all of 
these areas. I thought I would venture some general comments
on the area and see what reaction they brought.

	Although metal tolerant plants are relatively common, 
most do not accumulate significant quantities of metal in the
above ground biomass. Our metal-removal goals are ambitious,
paralleling removal rates of plant nutrients such as 
nitrogen, potassium, and calcium.  For plant-based 
decontamination to be sucessful, we must find, breed or 
engineer plants that absorb, translocate and tolerate these
metals. These three processes are separate, distinct and, in
some plants, mutually exclusive.(ie tolerance can be obtained
by lack of translocation etc.) We have found that 
combinations of any two processes in one plant are relatively
easy to find.  All three processes, working efficiently in a 
single plant with sufficient biomass to acheive the necessary 
metal-removal rates, will be more difficult to achieve. 

	The discovery or development of such plants might be 
assumed to be infeasible if it were not for the existence of
the hyperaccumulators that have been mentioned on this 
network. These naturally-occurring plants can be found 
growing on ore outcroppings and have spectacular metal-uptake
capacities. The sap of one tree has been mentioned previously
to have concentrations of Ni in excess of 25% dry weight. 
Alan Baker (Sheffield) lists plants with concentrations in 
excess of 1%  Cu and Co and 3% Zn, Ni, and Mn on a dry weight
basis.  Lead levels, although lower,  have been reported as 
high as 8,200 ppm in these plants. We are looking at these 
hyperaccumulators for potential remediation uses, however, 
due to their low growth habits and small biomass, they would
seem to be agronomically and climatically unsuited for 
phytoremediation of most sites. A breeding program to 
increase biomass and metals content is a long-term, crop-
development strategy that could be undertaken. Molecular 
biology, however, may offer valuable shortcuts !!! - (Check 
with your patent attorney, before you release it as this 
plant can have real and significant value)

	Parallel to our efforts with hyperaccumulators, we have
been exploring lead-contaminated sites for plants that 
accumulate lead. Our goal is to find, manipulate, and extend
the lead-uptake limits of these plants. We have collected and
analyzed many plants from Superfund, mining, and other
industrial sites in search of appropriate germplasm. Of the
plants we have analyzed to date, two plants have shown 
significant abilities to accumulate lead. These are hemp 
dogbane (Apocynum sp.) and common ragweed (Ambrosia sp.). 
Their lead accumulation abilities are considerable, but not 
consistent, however, across soils. Most metals, and lead in 
particular, have numerous forms in the soil, not all of which
are equally available for plant uptake.

	Manipulating the chemistry of the soil to maximize lead
removal requires balancing plant-nutritional requirements for
biomass production with the availiability of lead for uptake
by plants. We have found these to be often competing 
processes. Maximizing lead availability requires a lower pH 
and low solution levels of phosphate and sulfate, which 
directly impacts total plant biomass produced. The plant-
nutritional status of the soil must be continuously balanced
against the lead-availability status to maximize total lead 
removal.

	Pb occurs in all of the physicochemical forms measured
in a sequential extraction of contaminated soils, including
water-soluble, exchangeable, specifically adsorbed, 
carbonate, oxyhydroxide, organic, and other forms.  
Experiments have confirmed, however, that there are wide 
differences between soils in these Pb forms and in the 
ability of plants to pick up the metal in question.

	I would be interested in general comments on the 
approach, names of others working in the area, etc. etc..

Article 721 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!pipex!warwick!uknet!comlab.ox.ac.uk!oxuniv!donachie
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Heavy metals
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 14 Dec 92 13:13:24 GMT
Organization: Oxford University VAX 6620
Lines: 20

 On the subject of hyperaccumulators, work in this lab is investigating the
nature of the complexes formed in these plants with organic acids, in order to
determine whether these provide a possible mechanism of tolerance for the
plant.  

  The levels of metal which these plants accumulate can be huge, Sebertia
accuminata, a tree from New Caledonia, has a latex which conatins, on a dry
weight basis, 26 % nickel.  This is the highest recorded concentration in any
living ( :-) ) organism.  

  I think that the act of hyperaccumulation is related to the site at which the
plant can be found.  We are working on Alyssum spp here, and these can be, and
are regularly grown in gardens in Europe.  We have plants which are known to be
hyperaccumulators, and as control plants we are using garden seeds bought from
a commercial supplier.  We think that they won't hyperaccumulate, if they do
then....

  Just some interesting info to pass on over the dinner table ( :-) )

Article 723 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!biosci!esvax.dnet.dupont.com!cunninsd
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: plants, metals and contaminated sites
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Dec 92 15:55:43 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 98

	This is my first time on this network, but I heard a
discussion of heavy metals in plants was underway, so I 
thought I'd join in. Here at DuPont we have an active 
research program in using plants toremediate contaminated 
soils. For this effort we  have borrowed a term I first heard
used by Ilya Raskin at Rutgers' and called it 
"Phytoremediation". 

	We define phytoremediation as the use of green plants to
remove, contain, or render harmless an environmental 
contaminant.  This definition applies to all plant-influenced
biological, chemical, and physical processes that aid in site
remediation. Although our particular current research 
emphasis is the remediation of lead-contaminated soils, we 
are interested in most other metals and organics as well.  
Simply described, we propose to farm hazardous waste sites, 
biomine the metal contaminants, and reclaim the metals 
through postharvest processing of the biomass. We consider 
the entire process to have multiple, but interdependent 
components. For the technology to be useful each component 
must be sound technically and economically, and must be 
acceptable from a regulatory perspective. Our efforts in 
phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soils address all of 
these areas. I thought I would venture some general comments
on the area and see what reaction they brought.

	Although metal tolerant plants are relatively common, 
most do not accumulate significant quantities of metal in the
above ground biomass. Our metal-removal goals are ambitious,
paralleling removal rates of plant nutrients such as 
nitrogen, potassium, and calcium.  For plant-based 
decontamination to be sucessful, we must find, breed or 
engineer plants that absorb, translocate and tolerate these
metals. These three processes are separate, distinct and, in
some plants, mutually exclusive.(ie tolerance can be obtained
by lack of translocation etc.) We have found that 
combinations of any two processes in one plant are relatively
easy to find.  All three processes, working efficiently in a 
single plant with sufficient biomass to acheive the necessary 
metal-removal rates, will be more difficult to achieve. 

	The discovery or development of such plants might be 
assumed to be infeasible if it were not for the existence of
the hyperaccumulators that have been mentioned on this 
network. These naturally-occurring plants can be found 
growing on ore outcroppings and have spectacular metal-uptake
capacities. The sap of one tree has been mentioned previously
to have concentrations of Ni in excess of 25% dry weight. 
Alan Baker (Sheffield) lists plants with concentrations in 
excess of 1%  Cu and Co and 3% Zn, Ni, and Mn on a dry weight
basis.  Lead levels, although lower,  have been reported as 
high as 8,200 ppm in these plants. We are looking at these 
hyperaccumulators for potential remediation uses, however, 
due to their low growth habits and small biomass, they would
seem to be agronomically and climatically unsuited for 
phytoremediation of most sites. A breeding program to 
increase biomass and metals content is a long-term, crop-
development strategy that could be undertaken. Molecular 
biology, however, may offer valuable shortcuts !!! - (Check 
with your patent attorney, before you release it as this 
plant can have real and significant value)

	Parallel to our efforts with hyperaccumulators, we have
been exploring lead-contaminated sites for plants that 
accumulate lead. Our goal is to find, manipulate, and extend
the lead-uptake limits of these plants. We have collected and
analyzed many plants from Superfund, mining, and other
industrial sites in search of appropriate germplasm. Of the
plants we have analyzed to date, two plants have shown 
significant abilities to accumulate lead. These are hemp 
dogbane (Apocynum sp.) and common ragweed (Ambrosia sp.). 
Their lead accumulation abilities are considerable, but not 
consistent, however, across soils. Most metals, and lead in 
particular, have numerous forms in the soil, not all of which
are equally available for plant uptake.

	Manipulating the chemistry of the soil to maximize lead
removal requires balancing plant-nutritional requirements for
biomass production with the availiability of lead for uptake
by plants. We have found these to be often competing 
processes. Maximizing lead availability requires a lower pH 
and low solution levels of phosphate and sulfate, which 
directly impacts total plant biomass produced. The plant-
nutritional status of the soil must be continuously balanced
against the lead-availability status to maximize total lead 
removal.

	Pb occurs in all of the physicochemical forms measured
in a sequential extraction of contaminated soils, including
water-soluble, exchangeable, specifically adsorbed, 
carbonate, oxyhydroxide, organic, and other forms.  
Experiments have confirmed, however, that there are wide 
differences between soils in these Pb forms and in the 
ability of plants to pick up the metal in question.

	I would be interested in general comments on the 
approach, names of others working in the area, etc. etc..

Article 727 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!europa.asd.contel.com!darwin.sura.net!news.duc.auburn.edu!ducvax.auburn.edu!dr
From: [email-masked]
Subject: Re: A big hello
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Lines: 28
Sender: [email-masked] (News Account)
Nntp-Posting-Host: ducvax
Organization: Auburn University, AL
References: <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1992 06:32:56 GMT
Lines: 28

In article <[email-masked]>, [email-masked] (Tony Travis) writes:
> In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
> : I am a "virgin" bionet user, this is my first message.
> 
> Hello, David + welcome to bionet.plants!
> 
> : Is there anybody out there who is interested in how plants deal with
> : heavy metals (ie Cd, Cu, Zn etc....yes O.K you know what a heavy metal
> : is). Perhaps were could have a meaningful dialogue?
> 
> <some deletions...>
>
> Ok, everybody - are you interested in discussing heavy metals??
> 

I'd be interested in such a discussion; my current interest would be
taxonomic in nature.  'Fraid I can't make any contribution to such a
discussion at this time, for convoluted reasons, best alluded to by my 
post, "Request: Recruiting/Luring Biologists to the Nets", in sci.bio 
and bionet.general.  That same post would also serve as a belated way 
to introduce myself (I did not do so at the inception of this group, 
for reasons I will style as virginal shyness).

	D.R.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
David Roller  |    Bitnet = dr@auducvax            |  "Because we're all
Auburn Univ.  |  Internet = [email-masked]   |   in this together."
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Article 731 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!bcm!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: A big hello
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 16 Dec 92 23:25:37 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 30
Original-To: [email-masked]

In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
: [...]
: I'd be interested in such a discussion; my current interest would be
: taxonomic in nature.  'Fraid I can't make any contribution to such a
: discussion at this time, for convoluted reasons, best alluded to by my 
: post, "Request: Recruiting/Luring Biologists to the Nets", in sci.bio 
: and bionet.general.  That same post would also serve as a belated way 
: to introduce myself (I did not do so at the inception of this group, 
: for reasons I will style as virginal shyness).

Welcome to the group, David.

I'm glad that people are beginning to participate actively on the
bionet.plants group.  As plant biologists we have a lot to learn from
the molecular biologists experience of using the network, but we are
getting there gradually.

The essence of Usenet, for me, is the informal contact we make with
each other by posting to a group such as this.  I began the discussions
on bionet.plants by asking people to introduce themselves and describe
their area of interest.

So, tell us something about your interest in heavy metals and taxonomy?

	Tony.
--
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751

Article 730 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba alt.sustainable.agriculture:448 bionet.plants:730 rec.gardens:12520 misc.rural:4309
Newsgroups: alt.sustainable.agriculture,bionet.plants,rec.gardens,misc.rural
Path: samba!sunSITE!london
From: [email-masked] (Larry London)
Subject: Re: REQUEST FOR INFORMATION FOR SPECIFIC SITUATION
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Followup-To: bionet.agroforestry
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: sunsite.unc.edu
Organization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
References: <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1992 18:28:29 GMT

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] 
writes:
>I am a blueberry grower located in Pickens County South Carolina 
>(western corner).  I am interested in switching to to 
>agroforestry system for reduction in frost risk along with 
>several other reasons.  The current system is grassed middles on 
>a highly erodible site.  It is in it's 10 leaf.   
>
>There is 5 acres of blueberries, we are adding 1.5 acres of 
>blackberries over the next 2 years.  Will also add raspberries in 
>the future.  We are a pick-your-own with limited chain stores 
>sales for a secondary market.  We are a small family business.  
>We are "sundowners".   The soils have a residual pH of about 5.2 
>unlimed; range from poor to excessive internal drainage within a 
>30 meters; have good surface drainage.  PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMONI is 
>present.  Rainfall about 1100 mm a year.  Low temp. about 5-10 f 
>about once or twice a year.  Additioal information available on 
>request. 
>
>The gist of our thinking so far is frost is a significant risk 
>factor.  Bushes protected form the north sky by trees 
>consistently produce provided they have at 60% sunlight and root 
>competition is not a factor.  Thoughts - consultation with local 
>ag meteorologist suggests east west rows at about 100 to 120 ft 
>intervals.  Some Soil Conservation Service information suggest 
>50% porosity to wind and similar spacing and direction.  Clemson 
>University Extension forestry suggest loblolly pine.  It is 
>tolerant of pore drainage and and does not form epicormic shoots, 
>therefore would limbing up to maintain air drainage under canopy 
>and side limbing to keep it narrow.  Needles could be thrown to 
>row middles as mulch.   
>
>To be profitable, because of competition losses, there needs to 
>be interim product(s) as well as terminal product and cyclic 
>procedure. How about naval stores ie loblollyxlongleaf hybrids?  
>How about nut pines (Korean?)?  Should they be grafted? Whitepine 
>rootstock?  What about nursery sources of the above.  How about 
>the blackberry psyllid.  Pines seems to make sense as they have a 
>canopy during critical spring frosts but we have noted that 
>hardwoods are effective also.  Have thought about chestnuts but 
>wonder if they have the right tree shape(?) would not be to 
>competitive in terms of root system(?) and also have problems 
>with epicormic shoots. How about compatibility(ie alleopathy)?  
>Loblolly is reported associate okay/well with ericaceous plants. 
>
>I/we would love to here ideas and observations with supporting 
>literature and references that will bear up under scientific 
>scrutiny.  We are trying to make our production system 
>sustainable economically, environmentally and socially.  We do 
>use plant pharmaceuticals and are very conscious of their 
>characteristics with regards to environment and safety to all. 
>
>This maybe outside the intent of this reflector.  If so just give 
>it the old DEL. 
>Many thanks for your input.
>Walker Miller, [email-masked] 

Article 721 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!pipex!warwick!uknet!comlab.ox.ac.uk!oxuniv!donachie
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Heavy metals
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 14 Dec 92 13:13:24 GMT
Organization: Oxford University VAX 6620
Lines: 20

 On the subject of hyperaccumulators, work in this lab is investigating the
nature of the complexes formed in these plants with organic acids, in order to
determine whether these provide a possible mechanism of tolerance for the
plant.  

  The levels of metal which these plants accumulate can be huge, Sebertia
accuminata, a tree from New Caledonia, has a latex which conatins, on a dry
weight basis, 26 % nickel.  This is the highest recorded concentration in any
living ( :-) ) organism.  

  I think that the act of hyperaccumulation is related to the site at which the
plant can be found.  We are working on Alyssum spp here, and these can be, and
are regularly grown in gardens in Europe.  We have plants which are known to be
hyperaccumulators, and as control plants we are using garden seeds bought from
a commercial supplier.  We think that they won't hyperaccumulate, if they do
then....

  Just some interesting info to pass on over the dinner table ( :-) )

Article 730 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba alt.sustainable.agriculture:448 bionet.plants:730 rec.gardens:12520 misc.rural:4309
Newsgroups: alt.sustainable.agriculture,bionet.plants,rec.gardens,misc.rural
Path: samba!sunSITE!london
From: [email-masked] (Larry London)
Subject: Re: REQUEST FOR INFORMATION FOR SPECIFIC SITUATION
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Followup-To: bionet.agroforestry
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: sunsite.unc.edu
Organization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
References: <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1992 18:28:29 GMT

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] 
writes:
>I am a blueberry grower located in Pickens County South Carolina 
>(western corner).  I am interested in switching to to 
>agroforestry system for reduction in frost risk along with 
>several other reasons.  The current system is grassed middles on 
>a highly erodible site.  It is in it's 10 leaf.   
>
>There is 5 acres of blueberries, we are adding 1.5 acres of 
>blackberries over the next 2 years.  Will also add raspberries in 
>the future.  We are a pick-your-own with limited chain stores 
>sales for a secondary market.  We are a small family business.  
>We are "sundowners".   The soils have a residual pH of about 5.2 
>unlimed; range from poor to excessive internal drainage within a 
>30 meters; have good surface drainage.  PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMONI is 
>present.  Rainfall about 1100 mm a year.  Low temp. about 5-10 f 
>about once or twice a year.  Additioal information available on 
>request. 
>
>The gist of our thinking so far is frost is a significant risk 
>factor.  Bushes protected form the north sky by trees 
>consistently produce provided they have at 60% sunlight and root 
>competition is not a factor.  Thoughts - consultation with local 
>ag meteorologist suggests east west rows at about 100 to 120 ft 
>intervals.  Some Soil Conservation Service information suggest 
>50% porosity to wind and similar spacing and direction.  Clemson 
>University Extension forestry suggest loblolly pine.  It is 
>tolerant of pore drainage and and does not form epicormic shoots, 
>therefore would limbing up to maintain air drainage under canopy 
>and side limbing to keep it narrow.  Needles could be thrown to 
>row middles as mulch.   
>
>To be profitable, because of competition losses, there needs to 
>be interim product(s) as well as terminal product and cyclic 
>procedure. How about naval stores ie loblollyxlongleaf hybrids?  
>How about nut pines (Korean?)?  Should they be grafted? Whitepine 
>rootstock?  What about nursery sources of the above.  How about 
>the blackberry psyllid.  Pines seems to make sense as they have a 
>canopy during critical spring frosts but we have noted that 
>hardwoods are effective also.  Have thought about chestnuts but 
>wonder if they have the right tree shape(?) would not be to 
>competitive in terms of root system(?) and also have problems 
>with epicormic shoots. How about compatibility(ie alleopathy)?  
>Loblolly is reported associate okay/well with ericaceous plants. 
>
>I/we would love to here ideas and observations with supporting 
>literature and references that will bear up under scientific 
>scrutiny.  We are trying to make our production system 
>sustainable economically, environmentally and socially.  We do 
>use plant pharmaceuticals and are very conscious of their 
>characteristics with regards to environment and safety to all. 
>
>This maybe outside the intent of this reflector.  If so just give 
>it the old DEL. 
>Many thanks for your input.
>Walker Miller, [email-masked] 

Article 732 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba sci.archaeology:3409 sci.anthropology:1569 bionet.plants:732
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology,sci.anthropology,bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!psinntp!sugar!claird
From: [email-masked] (Cameron Laird)
Subject: [ARCH] Re: Which Came First, Agriculture or Pastorialism? [LONG]
Organization: NeoSoft Communications Services -- (713) 684-5900
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1992 18:37:40 GMT
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
References: <[email-masked]>
Lines: 182

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (Dave Chapman) writes:
>Can anyone out there tell me what the best current dates are
>for the beginning of agriculture, and for the beginning of
>herding?  I have the impression that domestication of sheep
>occurred later than the domestication of grains, but would
>like to see actual references.
>
>Also, information on the approximate order in which the various
>food animals and food crops were domesticated would be
>appreciated.  Thanks.
			.
			.
			
Domestication is a marvelous subject.  That is,
it endlessly fascinates me.

This comes up often enough, by the way, that it
deserves to be in an FAQ.

The cheap answer is to instruct you to look in
recent Scientific Americans; there was, for ex-
ample, a review this fall of the archaeology of
some of the early Eurasian horse pastoralists.
There is much, much more to it than this, though.

Humans have practiced domestication all around the
globe, and throughout the last ten thousand years
or so.  Well-attested dog remains have been found
dating back around 10,000 years in Idaho, Britain,
Turkey, ... (what's the archaeology of dingos?  Is
there genetic evidence that humans and dogs settled
the New World together 12000 BP?)  Plenty of people
believe that hominids and canids go back a lot
farther than that.  Cattle are descended from at
least two wild species; this process seems to have
been well underway by 9000 BP.  Sheep go back at least
7000 BP.  Swine have also been domesticated more than
once during the last 5000 years, probably first in
China.  Horses likely entered human society just a bit
later, and almost certainly in Central Asia, although
the date on this one seems to be subject to revision
backwards.  My position:  these numbers will continue
to be shuffled for some time into the future.

The first hard evidence for plant domestication
also dates from around 9000 BP.  Barley, sorghum,
sweet potato (!), rice, common beans, flax, egg-
plant, and maybe maize and avocados (!) have been
well dated before 7000 BP.

A different way to interpret your question:  does
a particular people domesticate plants or animals
first?  There's a lot of ideology tied up in an-
wering this question; it's probably best for you
to read some of the standard literature.  Don't
lose sight of these keys:
1.  domestication has happened at many times and
    places, and by many people.  It continues to
    the present (fox; kiwi fruit; cashews; high-
    bush blueberry; jojoba; various pines; red
    deer; ...);
2.  it's a rare society which is "isolated".
    Most peoples have been connected to a greater
    or lesser extent to the world economy, at
    least for the last 6000 years;
3.  domestication isn't irreversible.  Elk
    ("moose" to North Americans) and stinging
    nettles once were kept by some northern
    Europeans, and a number of ungulates by
    southwestern Asians; no more.
I like thinking about some of the marginal cases:
mesoamerican turkeys, New World rodents and camelids,
and the cervidae.  For a well-contextualized discussion
of a hunter-herder transition, look at

        Ingold, Tim
        1980    Hunters, pastoralists, and ranchers:
                reindeer economies and their transform-
                ations.  Cambridge University Press,
                New York

Most of the controversy in this field has to do with
the "scientific materialism" of archaeology; antagonists
become quite heated over such questions as whether it is
"winners" or "losers" that have innovated in agricultural
technique, and whether horticultural surplus antedates
political hierarchy, and whether social infrastructure
requires, or is required by, agriculture.  You can start
on some of these questions yourself in

        Reed, Charles A., editor
        1977    Origins of agriculture.  Mouton,
                The Hague

The classic that everyone criticizes is

        Boserup, Ester
        1965    The conditions of agricultural growth:
                the economics of agrarian change under
                population pressure.  Aldine Publishing
                Company, New York

For other views, try

        Ammerman, Albert J., and L. L. Cavalli-Sforza
        1984    The neolithic transition and the genetics
                of populations in Europe.

        Clark, J. Desmond, and Steven A. Brandt
        1984    From hunters to farmers:  the causes and
                consequences of food production in Africa.
                University of California Press, Berkeley

        Cohen, Mark Nathan, and George J. Armelagos
        1984    Paleopathology at the origins of agriculture.
                Proceedings of the 1982 Conference on Paleopath-
                ology and Socioeconomic Change at the Origins
                of Agriculture.  Academic Press, New York

        Cowan, C. Wesley, and Patty Jo Watson, with the
        assistance of Nancy L. Benco
        1992    The Origins of agriculture:  an international
                perspective.  Smithsonian Institution Press,
                Washington

        Centro linceo interdisciplinare di scienze mate-
        matiche e loro applicazioni
        1986    The Origin and domestication of cultivated
                plants:  symposium.  Elsevier, New York

        Dolukhanov, Pavel Markovich.
        1979    Ecology and economy in neolithic Eastern
                Europe.  Duckworth, London

        Flannery, Kent V.
        1986    Guila Naquitz:  archaic foraging and early
                agriculture in Oaxaca, Mexico.  Academic
                Press, Orlando

        Harlan, Jack R., Jan M. J. de Wet, and Ann B. L. Stemler
        1976    Origins of African plant domestication.  Mouton,
                the Hague

        Higgs, Eric, editor
        1976    Origine de l'elevage et de la domestication.
                Centre national de la recherche scientifique,
                Paris

        MacNeish, Richard S.
        1992    The origins of agriculture and settled life.
                University of Oklahoma Press, Norman

        Rindos, David
        1984    The origins of agriculture:  an evolutionary
                perspective.  Academic Press, Orlando

        Sauer, Carl Ortwin
        1969    Agricultural origins and dispersals; the
                domestication of animals and foodstuffs.
                M.I.T. Press, Cambridge

        Smith, Philip Edward Lake.
        1976    Food production and its consequences.
                Cummings Publishing Company, Menlo Park

        Zeven, A. C., and P. M. Zhukovsky
        1975    Dictionary of cultivated plants and their
                centres of diversity excluding ornamentals,
                forest trees, and lower plants.  Centre for
                Agricultural Publishing and Documentation,
                Wageningen

        Zvelebil, Marek, editor
        1986    Hunters in transition:  Mesolithic societies
                of temperate Eurasia and their transition to
                farming.  Cambridge University Press, Cam-
                bridgeshire
-- 

Cameron Laird
[email-masked] ([email-masked])	+1 713 267 7966
[email-masked] ([email-masked])  	+1 713 996 8546

Article 740 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba alt.sustainable.agriculture:453 bionet.plants:740
Newsgroups: alt.sustainable.agriculture,bionet.plants
Path: samba!sunSITE!london
From: [email-masked] (Larry London)
Subject: Re: More on Use of CCA-Treated Wood in Gardens
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: sunsite.unc.edu
Organization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C.
References: <99.2b305654@ivgate>
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 05:32:51 GMT

In article <99.2b305654@ivgate> [email-masked] writes:
>                More on Use of CCA-Treated Wood in Gardens
>
>  On page 91 of the August 1992 _HortIdeas_, we reported that researchers
>in New Zealand have suggested that sawdust from preservative-treated wood
>(CCA: copper/chromium/arsenic) might be suitable for use as an amendment
>for garden soils, despite evidence the roots of some plants growing in
>contact with such sawdust can concentrate copper, chromium, and arsenic
>"to high levels." But what about the safety of placing CCA-treated
>"landscape timbers" in close proximity to food plants? Master Gardeners in
>Bexar County, Texas, took soil samples six inches deep and one inch
>laterally from CCA-treated timbers in several gardens, old and new; they
>compared arsenic levels in those samples to levels in samples taken 12
>inches laterally from the timbers. The results: between 1.1 and 1.4 parts
>per million of arsenic, regardless of whether the samples were taken near
>treated timbers or not. Arsenic often occurs naturally in soils at levels
>up to 20 parts per million; experts consider dangerous levels to be in
>the 200-300 parts per million range. The Master Gardeners concluded (in
>agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) that CCA-treated
>timbers are acceptable for use in vegetable gardens.
>  The Master Gardeners also tested for creosote in garden soil near used
>railroad ties; none was detected down to the limits of the testing
>apparatus (660 parts per billion).
>  Reference: Calvin Finch, "Can I Use That Wood? Railroad Ties and
>Landscape Timbers Are Safe," THE GARDEN GATE, October 1992, 5. (Lane
>County Extension Service, 950 W. 13th Ave., Eugene, OR 97402.)
>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
>Reprinted with permission from the November 1992 _HortIdeas_. Copyright
>1992 by Greg and Pat Williams. HortIdeas is $15 (2nd class mail within the
>USA) for one year (12 issues). For more information or a subscription,
>write: HortIdeas, 460 Black Lick Road, Gravel Switch, KY 40328, USA. 
>*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
>Bob Batson
>[email-masked]

Article 742 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba bionet.plants:742 alt.sustainable.agriculture:454
Newsgroups: bionet.plants,alt.sustainable.agriculture
Path: samba!sunSITE!london
From: [email-masked] (Larry London)
Subject: Re: plants, metals and contaminated sites
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Summary: 260 plants tested for purifiying ability
Keywords: Kathe Seidel of Max Planck Institute
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: sunsite.unc.edu
Organization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
References: <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 07:30:06 GMT

Regarding hyperaccumulators, bioremediation, etc.:

See this article:

HARROWSMITH, The Magazine of Country Life
December, 1988
Number 18
Pages 38-47

"The New Alchemist" John Todd: Transforming Waste With a Rare Mettle
By Donella Meadows

-------------------------
From text on pages 43-44:
[quoted without permission]

"The effluent takes five days to wind from one end of the greenhouse to
the other. When it reaches the far end, it is filtered by the artificial
marsh - a gravel bed out of which grows a carefully selected thicket of 
water-loving plants. The marsh plants are chosen because they have 
commercial value (watercress) or pretty blooms (marsh marigold) or known
ability to take up toxic substances (cattails, bulrushes). Organic toxins
are broken down. Heavy metals accumulate in the plants and in any compost
made from the plants. That's a problem, but heavy metals are a problem in
every kind of wastewater treatment plant."
"I learned about these plants from Kathe Seidel at the Max Planck
Institute in West Germany. She's tested 260 plants for purifying ability.
She found that some would take up heavy metals and organic solvents and
even some, like that aquatic iris over there, that exude substances from
their roots that kill pathogenic bacteria. Hardly anyone pays attention to
her work. But she gave me the confidence that we could duplicate nature's 
way of making high-quality water."

----------------------
Lawrence
[email-masked]

Article 756 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!haven.umd.edu!uunet!utcsri!utgpu!richter
From: [email-masked] (C. Richter)
Subject: Re: Medicinal plants to grow???
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Organization: UTCS Public Access
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Sat, 19 Dec 1992 20:21:21 GMT
Lines: 35

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] writes:
>I have a friend that is moving to Costa Rica.  He has grown ornamental
>plants for many years but would like to try and grow plants that could
>be used for medicinal purposes.  He would like to know where to get help.
>His questions include: what types of plants should he grow now and which
>ones are in demand?
>He has the ability to grow many different species but he wuld like any
>information
>on the culture of digitalis and others.

Unfortunately, there is no one source for detailed cultural information for 
medicinal crops, but we may be able to provide some.  As a start, we 
recommend two books which deal with commercial cultivation and marketing.  
They certainly not exhaustive or even very up-to-date, but they do help to 
get the prospective grower oriented on relevant production and marketing 
issues.  The books are: 

     _Culinary & Medicinal Herbs_ put out by the British Ministry of 
      Agriculture, softcover, 70 pp.  Available from us at $16 (Canadian 
      funds, plus postage and handling) 

and 

     _The Potential of Herbs as a Cash Crop_ by Richard Miller, softcover, 
      230 pp.  $24 from us. 

After your friend has studied these, we can provide more detailed information 
from our extensive data file.  

Conrad Richter 

-- 
Conrad Richter                     [email-masked]
Richters Herbs                     [email-masked]
Goodwood, ON L0C 1AO Canada        Tel 416-640-6677 / Fax 416-640-6641

Article 776 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!jvnc.net!yale.edu!spool.mu.edu!darwin.sura.net!news.duc.auburn.edu!ducvax.auburn.edu!dr
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: A big hello
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 29 Dec 92 21:17:16 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (News Account)
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Auburn University, AL
Lines: 46
Nntp-Posting-Host: ducvax

In article <[email-masked]>, [email-masked] (Tony Travis) writes:
> In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
> : [...]
> : I'd be interested in such a discussion; my current interest would be
> : taxonomic in nature.  'Fraid I can't make any contribution to such a
> : discussion at this time, for convoluted reasons, best alluded to by my 
> : post, "Request: Recruiting/Luring Biologists to the Nets", in sci.bio 
> : and bionet.general.  That same post would also serve as a belated way 
> : to introduce myself [...]
> [...] 
> The essence of Usenet, for me, is the informal contact we make with
> each other by posting to a group such as this.  I began the discussions
> on bionet.plants by asking people to introduce themselves and describe
> their area of interest.
> 
> So, tell us something about your interest in heavy metals and taxonomy?

This past term, I had the good fortune to participate in the Advanced
Systematic Botany course (the other student-participants are pursuing
advanced degrees; I am classified as "staff" and am not currently 
pursuing a degree).  This is a directed readings course; each participant
was responsible for presenting approximately 3 classic systematic papers 
per week (ie. Duke Method).

A term paper was also required; my topic was "Chemotaxonomy of Astragalus".
As the completion of this paper did not impact the students, this became 
one of the jettisoned projects when other commitments arose.  The topic
is still of interest on its own merits (and it would not harm me to prove
to myself that I can [still] write a term paper), as are most issues of 
taxonomy.  My botanical interests tend to be focused in terms of ecology 
and evolution, as per Dobzhansky's oft-quoted observation.

I am also interested in the mathematical modeling of biological systems,
altho my decade-long hiatus (aka work) means that I am a *very* long way 
from understanding that again (what notebooks I have left are barely 
legible in an all-too-familiar handwriting, and mostly consist of copious 
incomprehensible notes occasionally peppered with a meant-to-be-helpful 
elucidation/comment:  "Yes, Obviously!  See also <**indecipherable**>.").

"I am happy and perplexed as a cat in a clam bucket."  - John Steinbeck

	D.R.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
David Roller  |    Bitnet = dr@auducvax            |  "Because we're all
Auburn Univ.  |  Internet = [email-masked]   |   in this together."
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Article 776 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!jvnc.net!yale.edu!spool.mu.edu!darwin.sura.net!news.duc.auburn.edu!ducvax.auburn.edu!dr
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: A big hello
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 29 Dec 92 21:17:16 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (News Account)
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Auburn University, AL
Lines: 46
Nntp-Posting-Host: ducvax

In article <[email-masked]>, [email-masked] (Tony Travis) writes:
> In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
> : [...]
> : I'd be interested in such a discussion; my current interest would be
> : taxonomic in nature.  'Fraid I can't make any contribution to such a
> : discussion at this time, for convoluted reasons, best alluded to by my 
> : post, "Request: Recruiting/Luring Biologists to the Nets", in sci.bio 
> : and bionet.general.  That same post would also serve as a belated way 
> : to introduce myself [...]
> [...] 
> The essence of Usenet, for me, is the informal contact we make with
> each other by posting to a group such as this.  I began the discussions
> on bionet.plants by asking people to introduce themselves and describe
> their area of interest.
> 
> So, tell us something about your interest in heavy metals and taxonomy?

This past term, I had the good fortune to participate in the Advanced
Systematic Botany course (the other student-participants are pursuing
advanced degrees; I am classified as "staff" and am not currently 
pursuing a degree).  This is a directed readings course; each participant
was responsible for presenting approximately 3 classic systematic papers 
per week (ie. Duke Method).

A term paper was also required; my topic was "Chemotaxonomy of Astragalus".
As the completion of this paper did not impact the students, this became 
one of the jettisoned projects when other commitments arose.  The topic
is still of interest on its own merits (and it would not harm me to prove
to myself that I can [still] write a term paper), as are most issues of 
taxonomy.  My botanical interests tend to be focused in terms of ecology 
and evolution, as per Dobzhansky's oft-quoted observation.

I am also interested in the mathematical modeling of biological systems,
altho my decade-long hiatus (aka work) means that I am a *very* long way 
from understanding that again (what notebooks I have left are barely 
legible in an all-too-familiar handwriting, and mostly consist of copious 
incomprehensible notes occasionally peppered with a meant-to-be-helpful 
elucidation/comment:  "Yes, Obviously!  See also <**indecipherable**>.").

"I am happy and perplexed as a cat in a clam bucket."  - John Steinbeck

	D.R.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
David Roller  |    Bitnet = dr@auducvax            |  "Because we're all
Auburn Univ.  |  Internet = [email-masked]   |   in this together."
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Article 779 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!olivea!charnel!rat!zeus!mffowler
From: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 3 Jan 93 23:23:13 GMT
Organization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Lines: 13

I am a Aeroponics/Hydroponics hobbyist.  Currently
I study Horticulture in college.  I am curious about
careers in these related fields.  Any information
about these would be greatly appreciated.  Thanks.
 
Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
about this is also greatly appreciated.   

	 	 	 	 	 	Have a good one!

	 	 	 		 [email-masked]

Article 781 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!utcsri!torn!spool.mu.edu!agate!doc.ic.ac.uk!uknet!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 4 Jan 93 10:28:32 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 38
Original-To: [email-masked]

In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
: I am a Aeroponics/Hydroponics hobbyist.  Currently

I'm showing my ignorance here (again) but what is Aeroponics?

: I study Horticulture in college.  I am curious about
: careers in these related fields.  Any information
: about these would be greatly appreciated.  Thanks.

Did you cross-post this to bionet.jobs?

: Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
: of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
: crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
: about this is also greatly appreciated.   

Elevated levels of CO2 are generally regarded as beneficial in a
greenhouse but if you are burning fuel to produce the CO2 you should be
aware that SO2 and NOX (various oxides of nitrogen) are also produced
which may have an adverse effect on your crop.

Even if you are burning 'clean' low-sulphur fuel you will get NOX
production if the air in the greenhouse comes into contact with hot
surfaces.  This is one reason why the best greenhouses are heated by
steam pipes.

There was some work done at Fairfield Experimental Station near Kirkham
in the UK during the 1970's concerning the relative merits of heating
the greenhouse compared to just heating the solution used to irrigate
the roots of plants grown using hydroponics.  Sadly, Fairfield closed
down years ago, but I'm sure the work was published.

	Tony.
--
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751

Article 782 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!usc!wupost!uwm.edu!biosci!daresbury!buzz.bmc.uu.se!corax.udac.uu.se!sluger!skog2112.sgen.slu.se!user
From: [email-masked] (Roland Gronroos)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 4 Jan 93 10:33:58 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (Usenet)
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Organization: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Lines: 46

In article <[email-masked]>,
[email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler) wrote:

> Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
> of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
> crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
> about this is also greatly appreciated.   
> 

Carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization is a common way to increase growth in
greenhouses.

I have tested the effect of CO2 on pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris) there
was an increase in growth (DW increase) up to about 3500 ppm.

The following examples is cited from a brochure from (snail mail adress)
AGA GAS AB, S-17282 Sundbyberg, SWEDEN. They sell gas and equipment for CO2
fertilization.

Plant        ppm CO2     comment

Tomato      1000-1500   faster growth, earlier and larger yield (25-30%)  
Cucumber    1000-1500   faster growth, earlier and larger yield (25-30%)

Roses        1000       Larger yield, better stem and flower quality

Saintpaulia 1000-2000   Faster growth (24-62%), 1-2 weeks earlier flowering
                        , more flowers  
       
Atmosperic concentration is 300-400 ppm CO2.
In a closed greenhouse will the CO2 concentration drop to about 100-150 ppm
this retards growth.
Effects on man can be observed at 20000-30000 ppm CO2 after some hours
exposure. The authorities in Sweden regard 5000 ppm as safe for workers
spending  all their working-hours in greenhouse.
____________________________________________________________________________
              Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 
       	       	       	       	       	       	       	       	       	  
Dr. Roland Gronroos 	       	                  Tele: +46 18 67 32 37 
Department of Forest Genetics  	               Fax:  +46 18 67 32 79 
Box 7027       	       	                	      E-mail/Datorpost:
S-750 07 Uppsala       	       	       	       [email-masked]
SWEDEN
____________________________________________________________________________

Article 780 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!uunet.ca!synapse!gilles.laberge
From: [email-masked] (Gilles Laberge) 
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 4 Jan 93 01:16:00 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: SYNAPSE BBS - GATINEAU, QUEBEC - 819-561-4321
Reply-To: [email-masked] (Gilles Laberge) 
Lines: 23

To: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
From: [email-masked]
Date: 4 Jan 93 1am EST

MF>Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
MF>of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
MF>crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
MF>about this is also greatly appreciated.   
MF>

Well I think that supplementing CO2 will increase the
"Greenhouse effect" in the closed stucture which will
increase the ambient temperature. This will throw off the
flowers natural cycle and have an effect contrary to what 
your looking for (more growth, longer bloom periods).

                                       G.L.
                                       Ottawa,Canada
---
 . KingQWK 0.11. . 

Article 790 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!biosci!daresbury!buzz.bmc.uu.se!corax.udac.uu.se!sluger!skog2112.sgen.slu.se!user
From: [email-masked] (Roland Gronroos)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Aeroponics
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 5 Jan 93 08:03:09 GMT
References: <[email-masked]> <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (Usenet)
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Organization: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Lines: 23

In article <[email-masked]>, [email-masked] (Tim
Perkis) wrote:
> 
> Can you recommend any references on aeroponics?

The review article:
Therory and techniques for steady state mineral nutrition and growth of
plants.
T Ingestad & A-B Lund 1986. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research
1:439-453.

Matematical theory, culture and stock solutions, growth units and plants is
described in this paper. 

____________________________________________________________________________
              Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 
       	       	       	       	       	       	       	       	       	  
Dr. Roland Gronroos 	       	                  Tele: +46 18 67 32 37 
Department of Forest Genetics  	               Fax:  +46 18 67 32 79 
Box 7027       	       	                	      E-mail/Datorpost:
S-750 07 Uppsala       	       	       	       [email-masked]
SWEDEN
____________________________________________________________________________

Article 778 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!uunet!biosci!kristoff
From: [email-masked] (David Kristofferson)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: (none)
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 2 Jan 93 03:22:45 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Biology
Lines: 33

[email-masked] (Mary Jo Warsinsky) writes:

>INDEX PLANT-SCI

I will send you the BIOSCI FAQ privately which covers archive use.

				 Sincerely,

				 Dave Kristofferson
				 BIOSCI/bionet Manager

				 [email-masked]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
New users of BIOSCI/bionet may want to read the "Frequently Asked
Questions" or "FAQ" sheets for BIOSCI.  There are two FAQ sheets for
the newsgroup system.  FAQ I describes the general purpose and uses of
the BIOSCI/bionet newsgroups.  FAQ II provides details on how to
participate in these forums.  Both of these FAQs are available for
anonymous FTP from net.bio.net [134.172.2.69] in
pub/BIOSCI/biosci1.FAQ and pub/BIOSCI/biosci2.FAQ.  They may also be
requested by sending e-mail to [email-masked] (use plain English
for your request).  The FAQs are also posted on the first of each
month to the newsgroup BIONEWS/bionet.announce immediately following
the posting of the BIOSCI information sheet.

				Sincerely,

				Dave Kristofferson
				BIOSCI/bionet Manager

				[email-masked]

Article 779 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!olivea!charnel!rat!zeus!mffowler
From: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 3 Jan 93 23:23:13 GMT
Organization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Lines: 13

I am a Aeroponics/Hydroponics hobbyist.  Currently
I study Horticulture in college.  I am curious about
careers in these related fields.  Any information
about these would be greatly appreciated.  Thanks.
 
Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
about this is also greatly appreciated.   

	 	 	 	 	 	Have a good one!

	 	 	 		 [email-masked]

Article 780 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!uunet.ca!synapse!gilles.laberge
From: [email-masked] (Gilles Laberge) 
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 4 Jan 93 01:16:00 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: SYNAPSE BBS - GATINEAU, QUEBEC - 819-561-4321
Reply-To: [email-masked] (Gilles Laberge) 
Lines: 23

To: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
From: [email-masked]
Date: 4 Jan 93 1am EST

MF>Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
MF>of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
MF>crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
MF>about this is also greatly appreciated.   
MF>

Well I think that supplementing CO2 will increase the
"Greenhouse effect" in the closed stucture which will
increase the ambient temperature. This will throw off the
flowers natural cycle and have an effect contrary to what 
your looking for (more growth, longer bloom periods).

                                       G.L.
                                       Ottawa,Canada
---
 . KingQWK 0.11. . 

Article 781 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!utcsri!torn!spool.mu.edu!agate!doc.ic.ac.uk!uknet!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 4 Jan 93 10:28:32 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 38
Original-To: [email-masked]

In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
: I am a Aeroponics/Hydroponics hobbyist.  Currently

I'm showing my ignorance here (again) but what is Aeroponics?

: I study Horticulture in college.  I am curious about
: careers in these related fields.  Any information
: about these would be greatly appreciated.  Thanks.

Did you cross-post this to bionet.jobs?

: Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
: of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
: crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
: about this is also greatly appreciated.   

Elevated levels of CO2 are generally regarded as beneficial in a
greenhouse but if you are burning fuel to produce the CO2 you should be
aware that SO2 and NOX (various oxides of nitrogen) are also produced
which may have an adverse effect on your crop.

Even if you are burning 'clean' low-sulphur fuel you will get NOX
production if the air in the greenhouse comes into contact with hot
surfaces.  This is one reason why the best greenhouses are heated by
steam pipes.

There was some work done at Fairfield Experimental Station near Kirkham
in the UK during the 1970's concerning the relative merits of heating
the greenhouse compared to just heating the solution used to irrigate
the roots of plants grown using hydroponics.  Sadly, Fairfield closed
down years ago, but I'm sure the work was published.

	Tony.
--
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751

Article 782 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!usc!wupost!uwm.edu!biosci!daresbury!buzz.bmc.uu.se!corax.udac.uu.se!sluger!skog2112.sgen.slu.se!user
From: [email-masked] (Roland Gronroos)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 4 Jan 93 10:33:58 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (Usenet)
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Organization: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Lines: 46

In article <[email-masked]>,
[email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler) wrote:

> Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
> of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
> crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
> about this is also greatly appreciated.   
> 

Carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization is a common way to increase growth in
greenhouses.

I have tested the effect of CO2 on pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris) there
was an increase in growth (DW increase) up to about 3500 ppm.

The following examples is cited from a brochure from (snail mail adress)
AGA GAS AB, S-17282 Sundbyberg, SWEDEN. They sell gas and equipment for CO2
fertilization.

Plant        ppm CO2     comment

Tomato      1000-1500   faster growth, earlier and larger yield (25-30%)  
Cucumber    1000-1500   faster growth, earlier and larger yield (25-30%)

Roses        1000       Larger yield, better stem and flower quality

Saintpaulia 1000-2000   Faster growth (24-62%), 1-2 weeks earlier flowering
                        , more flowers  
       
Atmosperic concentration is 300-400 ppm CO2.
In a closed greenhouse will the CO2 concentration drop to about 100-150 ppm
this retards growth.
Effects on man can be observed at 20000-30000 ppm CO2 after some hours
exposure. The authorities in Sweden regard 5000 ppm as safe for workers
spending  all their working-hours in greenhouse.
____________________________________________________________________________
              Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 
       	       	       	       	       	       	       	       	       	  
Dr. Roland Gronroos 	       	                  Tele: +46 18 67 32 37 
Department of Forest Genetics  	               Fax:  +46 18 67 32 79 
Box 7027       	       	                	      E-mail/Datorpost:
S-750 07 Uppsala       	       	       	       [email-masked]
SWEDEN
____________________________________________________________________________

Article 783 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!caen!spool.mu.edu!umn.edu!csus.edu!nic.csu.net!koko.csustan.edu!rat!zeus!mffowler
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Aeroponics
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
From: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
Date: Mon, 04 Jan 1993 18:58:13 GMT
Organization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Lines: 10

Someone asked what aeroponics was.  Well, it's the method, developed in
Israel, that suspends the root system in an enclosed casing ( or
whatever) and mists the roots.  Larger plants with smaller root systems
have been achieved by this method.  I grow tomatoes this way and have
been successful in growth of 3 inches per day and by doing this I have
sped up the growth time a couple of weeks.  But, this technique is even
less forgiving than hydroponics.  Any other comments anyone?  Please
add.
					[email-masked]

Article 784 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!caen!destroyer!news.iastate.edu!marge.ecss.iastate.edu!sehari
From: [email-masked] (Babak Sehari)
Subject: What new innovation, software or products do you want to see?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Followup-To: poster
Originator: [email-masked]
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa.
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 20:28:08 GMT
Lines: 23

---

What type of new innovation, software or products do you want to be
introduced to the market place.  No answer is stupid.  The things
that might be unachievable to you, might be very easy to produce
by others.  You could become part of history by initiating the process of
innovation.

Send your answers, along with it's possible applications to me via
Email.  We might be able to produce things that you might never thought
possible, for you. My Email Address is [email-masked].

Thank you.

                       With highest regards,
                            Babak   Sehari.

P.S.  This message is being automatically posted to all unix wide bbs'. 
This post does not mean that I approve or disapprove this newsgroup.  Also,
the moderator of the moderated newsgroups, such as rec.humor.funny, should 
decide if they want this posting in their newsgroup.

-- 

Article 785 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!usc!news.cerf.net!iat.holonet.net!timper
From: [email-masked] (Tim Perkis)
Subject: Re: Aeroponics
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Organization: HoloNet National Internet Access BBS: 510-704-1058/modem
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 20:57:14 GMT
Lines: 8

Can you recommend any references on aeroponics?

-- 
---------------------------------------------------------------------
	Tim Perkis		[email-masked]
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Article 786 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!taco!csemail.cropsci.ncsu.edu!samodena
From: [email-masked] (S. A. Modena)
Subject: Re: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Crop Science Dept., NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
References: <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 20:07:33 GMT
Lines: 34

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] writes:
>In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
>
>: Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
>: of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
>: crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
>: about this is also greatly appreciated.   
>
>Elevated levels of CO2 are generally regarded as beneficial in a
>greenhouse but if you are burning fuel to produce the CO2 you should be
>aware that SO2 and NOX (various oxides of nitrogen) are also produced
>which may have an adverse effect on your crop.

Let's remember a bigger threat: incomplete combustion may produce
ETHYLENE......a plant hormone related to....undesirable "timing" effects
in greenhouses.

>
>	Tony.
>--
>Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis

---
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|     In person:  Steve Modena     AB4EL                           |
|     On phone:   (919) 515-5328                                   |
|     At e-mail:  [email-masked]                           | 
|                 [email-masked]                |
|                 [ either email address is read each day ]        |
|     By snail:   Crop Sci Dept, Box 7620, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
         Lighten UP!  It's just a computer doing that to you.    (c)
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

Article 787 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!destroyer!news.iastate.edu!bart.ecss.iastate.edu!sehari
From: [email-masked] (Babak Sehari)
Subject: What new innovation, software or products do you want to see?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Followup-To: poster
Originator: [email-masked]
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa.
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 23:00:19 GMT
Lines: 23

---

What type of new innovation, software or products do you want to be
introduced to the market place.  No answer is stupid.  The things
that might be unachievable to you, might be very easy to produce
by others.  You could become part of history by initiating the process of
innovation.

Send your answers, along with it's possible applications to me via
Email.  We might be able to produce things that you might never thought
possible, for you. My Email Address is [email-masked].

Thank you.

                       With highest regards,
                            Babak   Sehari.

P.S.  This message is being automatically posted to all unix wide bbs'. 
This post does not mean that I approve or disapprove this newsgroup.  Also,
the moderator of the moderated newsgroups, such as rec.humor.funny, should 
decide if they want this posting in their newsgroup.

-- 

Article 788 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!pathos!eagreene
From: eagreene@pathos (Elizabeth Ann Greene)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: postdoc position in plant molecular biology
Date: 4 Jan 1993 23:16:34 GMT
Organization: U.C. College of Natural Resources
Lines: 26
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: pathos.berkeley.edu

I'm posting this job announcement for Vitaly Citovsky.  Please respond
to it via U.S. mail.  Do not use my e-mail address.  
Thank you,  Liz Greene

-----------------------------------------------------------
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT STONY BROOK
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY

Postdoctoral position in Plant Molecular Biology available starting Fall
1993. Specific areas of research include:

(i) nuclear targeting and transport of proteins and nucleic acids in
plant cells,
(ii) mechanisms of cell-to-cell movement of plant viruses, and 
(iii) molecular biology and biochemistry of plant intercellular
connections, the plasmodesmata.

Please send curriculum vitae and names and addresses of three references
to Dr. Vitaly Citovsky, Department of Plant Biology, University of
California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (before August 1993)
or Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New
York, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (starting August 1993).

Article 789 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!uwm.edu!biosci!PEARL.TUFTS.EDU!GELLMORE
From: [email-masked] (BIOHEAD)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Botanical software
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 4 Jan 93 22:40:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 17

Botanical software of possible use?

Just yesterday I was browsing through the electronic section of a dept.
store, and noticed hand-held (calculator-sized) language translators,
dictionaries, baseball fact compendia, etc. It would be fun to have
a BOTANICAL KEY in such a format. You'd take this mini-computer into
the field, punch in floral characteristics, and it would give you the
Family, if not the very species. The writing has already been done in
Book form (major floras of regions throughout the world). It would be
a matter of converting the printed dichotomous keys to the computer
format, AND correctly diagnosing floral morphology.

Has this already been done, or is the market too small?

                          George S. Ellmore
                          Tufts University
                          Dept. of Biology

Article 790 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!biosci!daresbury!buzz.bmc.uu.se!corax.udac.uu.se!sluger!skog2112.sgen.slu.se!user
From: [email-masked] (Roland Gronroos)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Aeroponics
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 5 Jan 93 08:03:09 GMT
References: <[email-masked]> <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (Usenet)
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Organization: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Lines: 23

In article <[email-masked]>, [email-masked] (Tim
Perkis) wrote:
> 
> Can you recommend any references on aeroponics?

The review article:
Therory and techniques for steady state mineral nutrition and growth of
plants.
T Ingestad & A-B Lund 1986. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research
1:439-453.

Matematical theory, culture and stock solutions, growth units and plants is
described in this paper. 

____________________________________________________________________________
              Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 
       	       	       	       	       	       	       	       	       	  
Dr. Roland Gronroos 	       	                  Tele: +46 18 67 32 37 
Department of Forest Genetics  	               Fax:  +46 18 67 32 79 
Box 7027       	       	                	      E-mail/Datorpost:
S-750 07 Uppsala       	       	       	       [email-masked]
SWEDEN
____________________________________________________________________________

Article 791 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: What new innovation, software or products do you want to see?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 5 Jan 93 10:53:35 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Followup-To: bionet.general
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 28
Original-To: [email-masked]

In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
: ---
: 
: What type of new innovation, software or products do you want to be
: introduced to the market place.  No answer is stupid.  The things
: that might be unachievable to you, might be very easy to produce
: by others.  You could become part of history by initiating the process of
: innovation.

Please send your comments about this to Babak directly, or set the
Followup to bionet.general.  I doubt if he will read this group anyway.

: [...]
: P.S.  This message is being automatically posted to all unix wide bbs'. 
: This post does not mean that I approve or disapprove this newsgroup.  Also,
: the moderator of the moderated newsgroups, such as rec.humor.funny, should 
: decide if they want this posting in their newsgroup.

If everyone who is irritated by this article would mail the sender a
long but polite message pointing out how inappropriate it is to cross
post on such a grand scale he might think twice before doing it again.

	Tony.
--
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751

Article 792 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!VAX.CSC.CUHK.HK!S911896
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: (none)
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 6 Jan 93 10:57:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 11

Dear nectters,

If you known how where to extract paper abstracts, and indices about 
plant biology through e mail or FTP, please let me know. Moreover,
How to access to the National Agricultural Library in the United States?

Thank you in advance.

Sincerely,

Qiu Yaowu

Article 793 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba sci.bio:7403 bionet.plants:793 bionet.population-bio:330
Path: samba!concert!gatech!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!ames!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!usenet.coe.montana.edu!news.u.washington.edu!carson.u.washington.edu!johnreed
From: [email-masked] (John Reed)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.plants,bionet.population-bio
Subject: Plant riparian population genetics
Date: 6 Jan 1993 18:21:04 GMT
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle
Lines: 21
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: carson.u.washington.edu

Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.plants,bionet.population-bio
Subject: Plant riparian population genetics
Summary: 
Followup-To: 
Distribution: 
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle
Keywords: 

Hi,
	I am doing research on the population genetics of black cottonwood
(Populus trichocarpa) in some river valleys in the Cascade Mountains.  I
have searched for references on population genetics of plants (trees are
preferable) in a linear spatial system (a river or stream), but have had
virtually no luck in finding any.  It seems to me that the genetics of
such a system may be different than a typical 2-d system.  I would
appreciate any leads on references or studies you may know of concerning
population genetics of plants in a riparian setting.
Thanks
John Reed
(E-mail: [email-masked])

Article 794 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba bionet.plants:794 rec.gardens:12750
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!daresbury!doc.ic.ac.uk!dapsun.lif.icnet.uk!not-for-mail
From: [email-masked] (Jack Shirazi <[email-masked]>)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants,rec.gardens
Subject: Drought resistant plants
Summary: Information requested on drought resistant plants
Keywords: drought resistance
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 6 Jan 93 20:08:29 GMT
Organization: Imperial Cancer Research Fund
Lines: 10
NNTP-Posting-Host: montaigne.lif.icnet.uk

I'm looking for information about drought resistant plants suitable
for a hot mediterranean style climate. I'm interested in any nurseries
specializing in such plants, and any books about them.
Please mail me or post whatever pointers you have.
Thanks in advance.
-- 
       Jack               [email-masked]
                         
If you only have a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail.
                -- Maslow

Article 779 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!olivea!charnel!rat!zeus!mffowler
From: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 3 Jan 93 23:23:13 GMT
Organization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Lines: 13

I am a Aeroponics/Hydroponics hobbyist.  Currently
I study Horticulture in college.  I am curious about
careers in these related fields.  Any information
about these would be greatly appreciated.  Thanks.
 
Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
about this is also greatly appreciated.   

	 	 	 	 	 	Have a good one!

	 	 	 		 [email-masked]

Article 780 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!uunet.ca!synapse!gilles.laberge
From: [email-masked] (Gilles Laberge) 
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 4 Jan 93 01:16:00 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: SYNAPSE BBS - GATINEAU, QUEBEC - 819-561-4321
Reply-To: [email-masked] (Gilles Laberge) 
Lines: 23

To: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
From: [email-masked]
Date: 4 Jan 93 1am EST

MF>Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
MF>of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
MF>crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
MF>about this is also greatly appreciated.   
MF>

Well I think that supplementing CO2 will increase the
"Greenhouse effect" in the closed stucture which will
increase the ambient temperature. This will throw off the
flowers natural cycle and have an effect contrary to what 
your looking for (more growth, longer bloom periods).

                                       G.L.
                                       Ottawa,Canada
---
 . KingQWK 0.11. . 

Article 781 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!utcsri!torn!spool.mu.edu!agate!doc.ic.ac.uk!uknet!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 4 Jan 93 10:28:32 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 38
Original-To: [email-masked]

In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
: I am a Aeroponics/Hydroponics hobbyist.  Currently

I'm showing my ignorance here (again) but what is Aeroponics?

: I study Horticulture in college.  I am curious about
: careers in these related fields.  Any information
: about these would be greatly appreciated.  Thanks.

Did you cross-post this to bionet.jobs?

: Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
: of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
: crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
: about this is also greatly appreciated.   

Elevated levels of CO2 are generally regarded as beneficial in a
greenhouse but if you are burning fuel to produce the CO2 you should be
aware that SO2 and NOX (various oxides of nitrogen) are also produced
which may have an adverse effect on your crop.

Even if you are burning 'clean' low-sulphur fuel you will get NOX
production if the air in the greenhouse comes into contact with hot
surfaces.  This is one reason why the best greenhouses are heated by
steam pipes.

There was some work done at Fairfield Experimental Station near Kirkham
in the UK during the 1970's concerning the relative merits of heating
the greenhouse compared to just heating the solution used to irrigate
the roots of plants grown using hydroponics.  Sadly, Fairfield closed
down years ago, but I'm sure the work was published.

	Tony.
--
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751

Article 783 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!caen!spool.mu.edu!umn.edu!csus.edu!nic.csu.net!koko.csustan.edu!rat!zeus!mffowler
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Aeroponics
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
From: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
Date: Mon, 04 Jan 1993 18:58:13 GMT
Organization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Lines: 10

Someone asked what aeroponics was.  Well, it's the method, developed in
Israel, that suspends the root system in an enclosed casing ( or
whatever) and mists the roots.  Larger plants with smaller root systems
have been achieved by this method.  I grow tomatoes this way and have
been successful in growth of 3 inches per day and by doing this I have
sped up the growth time a couple of weeks.  But, this technique is even
less forgiving than hydroponics.  Any other comments anyone?  Please
add.
					[email-masked]

Article 782 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!usc!wupost!uwm.edu!biosci!daresbury!buzz.bmc.uu.se!corax.udac.uu.se!sluger!skog2112.sgen.slu.se!user
From: [email-masked] (Roland Gronroos)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 4 Jan 93 10:33:58 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (Usenet)
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Organization: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Lines: 46

In article <[email-masked]>,
[email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler) wrote:

> Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
> of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
> crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
> about this is also greatly appreciated.   
> 

Carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization is a common way to increase growth in
greenhouses.

I have tested the effect of CO2 on pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris) there
was an increase in growth (DW increase) up to about 3500 ppm.

The following examples is cited from a brochure from (snail mail adress)
AGA GAS AB, S-17282 Sundbyberg, SWEDEN. They sell gas and equipment for CO2
fertilization.

Plant        ppm CO2     comment

Tomato      1000-1500   faster growth, earlier and larger yield (25-30%)  
Cucumber    1000-1500   faster growth, earlier and larger yield (25-30%)

Roses        1000       Larger yield, better stem and flower quality

Saintpaulia 1000-2000   Faster growth (24-62%), 1-2 weeks earlier flowering
                        , more flowers  
       
Atmosperic concentration is 300-400 ppm CO2.
In a closed greenhouse will the CO2 concentration drop to about 100-150 ppm
this retards growth.
Effects on man can be observed at 20000-30000 ppm CO2 after some hours
exposure. The authorities in Sweden regard 5000 ppm as safe for workers
spending  all their working-hours in greenhouse.
____________________________________________________________________________
              Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 
       	       	       	       	       	       	       	       	       	  
Dr. Roland Gronroos 	       	                  Tele: +46 18 67 32 37 
Department of Forest Genetics  	               Fax:  +46 18 67 32 79 
Box 7027       	       	                	      E-mail/Datorpost:
S-750 07 Uppsala       	       	       	       [email-masked]
SWEDEN
____________________________________________________________________________

Article 783 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!caen!spool.mu.edu!umn.edu!csus.edu!nic.csu.net!koko.csustan.edu!rat!zeus!mffowler
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Aeroponics
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
From: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
Date: Mon, 04 Jan 1993 18:58:13 GMT
Organization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Lines: 10

Someone asked what aeroponics was.  Well, it's the method, developed in
Israel, that suspends the root system in an enclosed casing ( or
whatever) and mists the roots.  Larger plants with smaller root systems
have been achieved by this method.  I grow tomatoes this way and have
been successful in growth of 3 inches per day and by doing this I have
sped up the growth time a couple of weeks.  But, this technique is even
less forgiving than hydroponics.  Any other comments anyone?  Please
add.
					[email-masked]

Article 785 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!usc!news.cerf.net!iat.holonet.net!timper
From: [email-masked] (Tim Perkis)
Subject: Re: Aeroponics
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Organization: HoloNet National Internet Access BBS: 510-704-1058/modem
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 20:57:14 GMT
Lines: 8

Can you recommend any references on aeroponics?

-- 
---------------------------------------------------------------------
	Tim Perkis		[email-masked]
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Article 786 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!taco!csemail.cropsci.ncsu.edu!samodena
From: [email-masked] (S. A. Modena)
Subject: Re: Hydroponics & CO2
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Crop Science Dept., NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
References: <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 20:07:33 GMT
Lines: 34

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] writes:
>In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
>
>: Oh...Since I am here-  I am curious what the effects 
>: of supplementing Carbon Dioxide to my greenhouse
>: crop of flowers and vegetables.  Any suggestions 
>: about this is also greatly appreciated.   
>
>Elevated levels of CO2 are generally regarded as beneficial in a
>greenhouse but if you are burning fuel to produce the CO2 you should be
>aware that SO2 and NOX (various oxides of nitrogen) are also produced
>which may have an adverse effect on your crop.

Let's remember a bigger threat: incomplete combustion may produce
ETHYLENE......a plant hormone related to....undesirable "timing" effects
in greenhouses.

>
>	Tony.
>--
>Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis

---
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|     In person:  Steve Modena     AB4EL                           |
|     On phone:   (919) 515-5328                                   |
|     At e-mail:  [email-masked]                           | 
|                 [email-masked]                |
|                 [ either email address is read each day ]        |
|     By snail:   Crop Sci Dept, Box 7620, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
         Lighten UP!  It's just a computer doing that to you.    (c)
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

Article 785 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!usc!news.cerf.net!iat.holonet.net!timper
From: [email-masked] (Tim Perkis)
Subject: Re: Aeroponics
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Organization: HoloNet National Internet Access BBS: 510-704-1058/modem
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 20:57:14 GMT
Lines: 8

Can you recommend any references on aeroponics?

-- 
---------------------------------------------------------------------
	Tim Perkis		[email-masked]
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Article 790 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!biosci!daresbury!buzz.bmc.uu.se!corax.udac.uu.se!sluger!skog2112.sgen.slu.se!user
From: [email-masked] (Roland Gronroos)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Aeroponics
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 5 Jan 93 08:03:09 GMT
References: <[email-masked]> <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (Usenet)
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Organization: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Lines: 23

In article <[email-masked]>, [email-masked] (Tim
Perkis) wrote:
> 
> Can you recommend any references on aeroponics?

The review article:
Therory and techniques for steady state mineral nutrition and growth of
plants.
T Ingestad & A-B Lund 1986. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research
1:439-453.

Matematical theory, culture and stock solutions, growth units and plants is
described in this paper. 

____________________________________________________________________________
              Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 
       	       	       	       	       	       	       	       	       	  
Dr. Roland Gronroos 	       	                  Tele: +46 18 67 32 37 
Department of Forest Genetics  	               Fax:  +46 18 67 32 79 
Box 7027       	       	                	      E-mail/Datorpost:
S-750 07 Uppsala       	       	       	       [email-masked]
SWEDEN
____________________________________________________________________________

Article 794 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba bionet.plants:794 rec.gardens:12750
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!daresbury!doc.ic.ac.uk!dapsun.lif.icnet.uk!not-for-mail
From: [email-masked] (Jack Shirazi <[email-masked]>)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants,rec.gardens
Subject: Drought resistant plants
Summary: Information requested on drought resistant plants
Keywords: drought resistance
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 6 Jan 93 20:08:29 GMT
Organization: Imperial Cancer Research Fund
Lines: 10
NNTP-Posting-Host: montaigne.lif.icnet.uk

I'm looking for information about drought resistant plants suitable
for a hot mediterranean style climate. I'm interested in any nurseries
specializing in such plants, and any books about them.
Please mail me or post whatever pointers you have.
Thanks in advance.
-- 
       Jack               [email-masked]
                         
If you only have a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail.
                -- Maslow

Article 797 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba sci.bio:7422 bionet.plants:797 bionet.population-bio:332
Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.plants,bionet.population-bio
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu!linac!att!cbnewsk!cbnewsj!att-out!cbfsb!cbnewsg.cb.att.com!djd
From: [email-masked] (david.j.daulton)
Subject: Re: Plant riparian population genetics
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: AT&T
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Thu, 7 Jan 1993 21:53:42 GMT
Lines: 12

Regarding populus tichocarpa, I read that this is one of the "balsam
poplars", and one of the most fragrant plants to have in one's garden.
Specifically, it is supposed to smell really good when the buds first open
in the spring.  So, I sent off for one, but when it arrived, no smell.  

I tried keeping it in a pot, but it died during the winter.  Before I order
another, was the book wrong, and this is not fragrant plant, or did it
arrive after its fragrant phase, or did the nursery send me the wrong
tree?

Dave Daulton, Columbus, Ohio

Article 798 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba sci.bio:7425 bionet.plants:798 bionet.population-bio:333
Path: samba!concert!gatech!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!usenet.coe.montana.edu!news.u.washington.edu!stein.u.washington.edu!toby
From: [email-masked] (Toby Bradshaw)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.plants,bionet.population-bio
Subject: Re: Plant riparian population genetics
Date: 8 Jan 1993 00:07:55 GMT
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle
Lines: 28
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
References: <[email-masked]> <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: stein.u.washington.edu

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (david.j.daulton) writes:
>Regarding populus tichocarpa, I read that this is one of the "balsam
>poplars", and one of the most fragrant plants to have in one's garden.
>Specifically, it is supposed to smell really good when the buds first open
>in the spring.  So, I sent off for one, but when it arrived, no smell.  
>
>I tried keeping it in a pot, but it died during the winter.  Before I order
>another, was the book wrong, and this is not fragrant plant, or did it
>arrive after its fragrant phase, or did the nursery send me the wrong
>tree?

P. trichocarpa ("black cottonwood") is a member of the section
Tacamahaca ("balsam poplars").  The yellow, sticky bud resin
is the smell of spring in the Pacific Northwest, and can be
quite strong near a big stand.  P. balsamifera has a stronger,
less pleasant (to me) smell.  I wouldn't recommend planting
either species near a dwelling with sewers or septic tanks,
as the Populus are notorious for clogging them with a
profusion of greedy roots.

Toby Bradshaw                       |
Department of Biochemistry          |  Will make genetic linkage maps
and College of Forest Resources     |            for food.
University of Washington, Seattle   |
[email-masked]               |

Article 799 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba bionet.plants:799 rec.gardens:12788
Newsgroups: bionet.plants,rec.gardens
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!murdoch!Turing.ORG!nev
From: [email-masked] (Niles E. VanDenburg)
Subject: Landscaping with Native Plants
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: The Turing Project, Public Access Internet Host
Distribution: na
Date: Fri, 8 Jan 1993 18:12:08 GMT
Lines: 62

                                 FORUM:
                     Landscaping with Native Plants
 
                           Co-sponsored by
                   the Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden
                                  and 
                   the Virginia Native Plant Society
 
                      Saturday, February 13,1993
                University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia

Program:
 
"Why Use Natives" by Darrel Morrison
        Enhance the regional identity and ecological fitness in the designed
        landscape and reap the economic benefits and aesthetic impact your
        landscape can have from using native plants.
 
"Building the Framework of a Native Garden" by Dr. Alex Niemiera
        Utilizing medium and large native American woody plants to create the
        design of a garden is essential in creating height and maintaining
        interest. Expand your garden's palette to include unique natives that
        offer seasonal and cultural value to the landscape.
 
"Sunny Natives for the Landscape" by Kim Hawks
        How much sun does a herbaceous perennial need? Discover some of the 
        unique American plants for foundation planting, mixed borders, and
        meadow settings and also how they attract wildlife, butterflies, and
        birds.
 
"Gardening in the Woods" by Jan Midgley
        Even though most plants rely on sun in order to live, many plants are
        just as content with shady conditions. Discover a myriad of plants
        that are reliable in a shady woodland setting. Propagation of natives
        for the home landscape will also be addressed.

Registration is $45 and includes the symposium and lunch.
        Registration deadline is Feb. 8, 1993

To register or for additional information write:
        Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden
        P.O. Box 28246
        Richmond, Virginia 23228
 
        or call (804)262-9887
 
==============================================================================
 
Tim Williams
 
Education Chair, Virginia Native Plant Society
-- 
Niles VanDenburg
[email-masked]
[email-masked]
[email-masked]

Article 796 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!udel!louie!newsserver.jvnc.net!darwin.sura.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!rpi!usenet.coe.montana.edu!news.u.washington.edu!carson.u.washington.edu!johnreed
From: [email-masked] (John Reed)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Plant riparian population genetics
Date: 7 Jan 1993 18:27:28 GMT
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle
Lines: 21
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: carson.u.washington.edu

Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.plants,bionet.population-bio
Subject: Plant riparian population genetics
Summary: 
Followup-To: 
Distribution: 
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle
Keywords: 

Hi,
	I am doing research on the population genetics of black cottonwood
(Populus trichocarpa) in some river valleys in the Cascade Mountains.  I
have searched for references on population genetics of plants (trees are
preferable) in a linear spatial system (a river or stream), but have had
virtually no luck in finding any.  It seems to me that the genetics of
such a system may be different than a typical 2-d system.  I would
appreciate any leads on references or studies you may know of concerning
population genetics of plants in a riparian setting.
Thanks
John Reed
(E-mail: [email-masked])

Article 801 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!uwm.edu!biosci!BIO.TAMU.EDU!BRIAN
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Abnormal tomato growth
Message-ID: <MAILQUEUE-101.930109151821.256@bio>
Date: 9 Jan 93 20:18:21 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Texas A&M University - Biology Dept
Lines: 17

In the course of our work with transgenic tomatoes, we occasionally
see callusing of the leaf veins, resulting in deformed leaves and
subsequent necrosis.  This occurs both in sterile tissue culture and
in the greenhouse.   It's difficult to identify exactly what triggers
the effect, since some plants are affected and adjacent plants are
not.  I would like to hear from anyone who has seen this before,
especially if they know how to prevent it.

Brian H. Taylor                         *   Ad hoc loc and
Dept. of Biology, Texas A&M University  *   quid pro quo,
College Station, TX  77843-3258         *   so little time,
                                        *   so much to know!
Phone:  (409) 845-7754                  *
FAX:    (409) 845-2891                  *   Jeremy Hilary Boob
                                        *   (The Nowhere Man)

Article 800 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!darwin.sura.net!haven.umd.edu!uunet!news.claremont.edu!cgsvax.claremont.edu!goldsmig
From: [email-masked]
Subject: Info Request:  California Oaks
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Lines: 20
Sender: [email-masked] (The News System)
Organization: The Claremont Graduate School
Date: 8 Jan 93 19:13:34 PST

I am looking for sources of information related to the growth of native
California oaks:  field studies, analyses of habitats, planting techniques,
etc.  For the past two years I have been making field observations of oaks
in Los Angeles, Orange, and Riverside counties in southern California.  My
desire (an avocation) is to plant oaks in some undeveloped areas whose oak
populations are dwindling.

Although I am a novice in this area, I do have access to several university
libraries, the INTERNET, and the libraries accessible through INTERNET.  I
would appreciate references that are available through these (and similar)
means.

Thank you in advance for any assistance you might give.  I feel quite strongly
about this endeavor, and I am anxious to learn all I can about the growth
of native California oaks.

George Goldsmith
Claremont Graduate School (student) and
McDonnell Douglas Corporation

Article 802 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!haven.umd.edu!uunet!mcsun!sunic!dkuug!daimi!mi!ctange
From: [email-masked] (Peder C. Tange Noergaard)
Subject: Re: Botanical software
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (Network News)
Organization: Institute of Mathematics, Aarhus University, Denmark
References: <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 1993 02:49:41 GMT
Lines: 27

As i see it, the only advantage with a  dichotomous keys on a hand-held computer
is that you do not have to look for the next entry. But at the same time the
overview over the structure of the key is lost.

With a punched card key it is different, here some of the advantage is that
it vil be posible to use the key in the field which otherwise is difficult 
with lose cards.

There is a punched card key: Detremination of Angiosperm Families by Means of
a Punched-Card Syatem.   By Bertel Hansen and Knud Rahn  Published in 
Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 1969 Bd. 26.

This key has 172 cards for determining 411 families of Hutchinson 1959.

I saw this key while i was following a course in Angiosperm taxonomy.

On my  HP-48sx, which to my knowlege is the only hand-held computer with 
has suficient memmory to make such a program (ca. 50k), i coded in this key.
The program is slow, but it kan be used. It could be much faster if it was 
programed in Saturn asembly.

                            Christian Tange
                            Aarhus University
                            Biological institute, Dept. of Syst. Bot.

Article 803 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!rpi!utcsri!utgpu!richter
From: [email-masked] (C. Richter)
Subject: Coptis teeta
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Organization: UTCS Public Access
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 1993 19:56:40 GMT
Lines: 19

Has anyone heard of the Indian plant called "titha" (_Coptis teeta_)?  I am 
not sure whether it is an ayurvedic plant or not, but it apparently grows 
in the state of Arunchal Pradesh.  According to a government publication, 
exports of the root and seeds are "virtually banned," so it is likely to  
be a threatened species (although it is not on the CITES list). 
 
According to a recent Indian magazine article, the tribals of A.P. regard 
it as an "excellent" medicinal herb; but the article gives no clue as to 
what it is used for.  
 
There is a North American species _Coptis trifolia_ ("goldthread") which 
is has well known medicinal properties. 

-- 
Conrad Richter                     [email-masked]
Richters Herbs                     [email-masked]
Goodwood, ON L0C 1AO Canada        Tel 416-640-6677 / Fax 416-640-6641

Article 803 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!rpi!utcsri!utgpu!richter
From: [email-masked] (C. Richter)
Subject: Coptis teeta
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Organization: UTCS Public Access
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 1993 19:56:40 GMT
Lines: 19

Has anyone heard of the Indian plant called "titha" (_Coptis teeta_)?  I am 
not sure whether it is an ayurvedic plant or not, but it apparently grows 
in the state of Arunchal Pradesh.  According to a government publication, 
exports of the root and seeds are "virtually banned," so it is likely to  
be a threatened species (although it is not on the CITES list). 
 
According to a recent Indian magazine article, the tribals of A.P. regard 
it as an "excellent" medicinal herb; but the article gives no clue as to 
what it is used for.  
 
There is a North American species _Coptis trifolia_ ("goldthread") which 
is has well known medicinal properties. 

-- 
Conrad Richter                     [email-masked]
Richters Herbs                     [email-masked]
Goodwood, ON L0C 1AO Canada        Tel 416-640-6677 / Fax 416-640-6641

Article 804 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!wupost!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!destroyer!cs.ubc.ca!unixg.ubc.ca!macgowan
From: [email-masked] (Chris Macgowan)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: chemical composition of wood
Date: 11 Jan 1993 00:05:52 GMT
Organization: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Lines: 9
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: unixg.ubc.ca

I'm doing research in radiation dosimetry, and we use wood to simulate
lung tissue. To accurately simulate the radiation dose using Monte
Carlo, I need the chemical composition of wood (balsa, cedar namely).
I assumed this would be easily available knowledge but I haven't been
able to find it. If you know the answer or where I can find it please
let me know. Thanks in advance.

					Chris Macgowan

Article 805 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!ames!purdue!mentor.cc.purdue.edu!biomac1s.bio.purdue.edu!user
From: [email-masked] (Paul Furbacher)
Subject: Re: Botanical software
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News)
Organization: Purdue University
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1993 06:31:07 GMT
Lines: 46

In article <[email-masked]>, 
  [email-masked] (BIOHEAD) wrote:
> 
> Botanical software of possible use?
> 
> Just yesterday I was browsing through the electronic section of a dept.
> store, and noticed hand-held (calculator-sized) language translators,
> dictionaries, baseball fact compendia, etc. It would be fun to have
> a BOTANICAL KEY in such a format.
 
Not only fun but educational, too.

> You'd take this mini-computer into
> the field, punch in floral characteristics, and it would give you the
> Family, if not the very species. The writing has already been done in
> Book form (major floras of regions throughout the world). It would be
> a matter of converting the printed dichotomous keys to the computer
> format, AND correctly diagnosing floral morphology.
> 
> Has this already been done, or is the market too small?

It probably hasn't been done for hand-held computers, but 
if you work hard on convincing your favorite publishers to
look into putting the data onto CD or MD, then in a few
years, the hand-helds will have CD-ROMs or MDs in them and 
all of us who would like to know what we're looking at in 
the field, but can't remember enough from our field botany 
courses taken fifteen years ago, will be in heaven.
(Prof. W.H. Wagner, Jr. would be disappointed if he knew how
much I've forgotten over the years.  Well, I am too.  His 
field botany course was perhaps the most intense course I
ever took, and second in enjoyment behind the systematics
course he offered the previous semester.  Very regrettably, I've
forgotten most of the material from both courses.)

Some of the upcoming products from Sony and Apple (Newton) offer 
the promise of holding and handling such encyclopedic 
volumes of information.  Illustrations and photographs would be
an integral part of botanical keys offered in these formats, and
would make identification even more certain for even the novice.
Interactive machines would allow annotations, and even smarter ones
would log your earthly coordinates and link to national botanical
databases to log data on distribution and population sizes.  
And so on -- the possibilities are endless.

PF

Article 806 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!usc!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!biosci!ASRR.ARSUSDA.GOV!jkirkbride
From: [email-masked] ("JOSEPH H. KIRKBRIDE")
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Documentation explaining IOPI
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 11 Jan 93 12:32:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 679

From:	AS8250::WINS%"[email-masked]" 22-DEC-1992 22:55:59.21
To:	JKIRKBRIDE
CC:	
Subj:	What is IOPI

Date: Wed, 23
 Dec 92 14:51:14 EST
Comment:  IOPI project discussion list.
Originator: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked] (David Green)
Sender: [email-masked]
Version: 5.5 -- Copyright (c) 1991/92, Anastasios Kotsikonas
From: [email-masked] (David Green)
To: [email-masked]
Subject: What is IOPI

Scanned from Taxon 41(May1992): 390-392.
Content-Length: 11060

IOPI NEWS
==
=======

Edited by Herve M. Burdet

Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Ville de Geneve,
Case Postale 60,CH-1292 Chambesy, Switzerland.

What is IOPI?  [the International Organization for Plant Information]
=============

This new organisation came into being on September 20th, 1991, at a
meeting at the Australian National Botanic Gardens, Canberra, hosted
by the Australian Biological Resources Study. Forty-nine botanists
from eleven countries participated. The genesis of the new
internation
al organisation lay in discussions arising from an initial
proposal by Kew to establish, with a consortium of major herbaria,
a computerized taxonomic database - the Species Plantarum Project
(SPP) - and those held at Delphi, under the auspices of TDWG, in
October 1990, to consider the establishment of a Global Plant Species
Information System (GPSIS).

At a subsequent meeting at Kew in November 1990 in connexion with
SPP, it became obvious that both proposals had a common interest in
establishing 
a world checklist of vascular plants as soon as possi-
ble. It was equally clear that this would involve a major,
co-operative, truly international effort and that the project would
be extremely expensive. An interim Council was established to
expedite the proposal. This met at Kew under the successive chair-
manships of Professor Prance (June 27th) and Mr Alex George (June
28th and 29th), Professor Lucas acting as Secretary, as agreed in
November. To quote from the minutes of the meeting:

"There 
was general agreement that a new organization which could
combine and replace SPP and GPSIS, as presently constituted, by a
single organization, would prevent duplication, possible
undesirable competition, and would greatly facilitate the success of
the project. A unified will is essential to make it work on an
international scale"

Mr. George, on behalf of the relevant Australian organizations, then
offered to host a meeting to consider this proposal in Canberra where
a meeting of TDWG - whose act
ivities would be particularly relevant
to aspects of the proposal - had already been arranged. There was a
very thorough and wide-ranging discussion at Canberra of the pros and
cons of the proposal and how it would impact on existing
institutional taxonomic activities; of how it would relate to other
ongoing projects, such as those of IAPT; of the kind of support it
might attract from taxonomic institutions and elsewhere and indeed,
of whether the proposal was a viable proposition. At the end of two

days full discussion there was overwhelming support for the proposal
to establish a new organization. A Constitution was agreed and
working arrangements proposed to achieve, as the first task, a
Checklist of the vascular plants of the world.

The Constitution of IOPI sets out succinctly the objectives of the
organization, namely:

1. to promote and prepare, as expeditiously as possible, a series of
   integrated, dispersed, computerized databases, summarizing the basic
   taxonomic information (b
earing in mind the basic requirements of
   freedom of taxonomic research and opinion), and biological and
   other attributes (in particular, information relating to their
   utilization and conservation) of all kinds of plants* in the world;

   * Plants to be interpreted as those organisms covered by the
     International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.

2. to document the data in such ways as shall make them most readily
   accesible to users of all kinds, in all regions, and in such formats

   as shall seem most expedient to the governing body of IOPI;

3. thereafter, to maintain the data in an up to date form and
   continue to render them accessible in accordance with (1) and (2)
   above.

To assist in gaining international recognition for IOPI, the
Constitution also includes establishing of an association with IAPT,
TDWG, CODATA, IUCN, UNEP and UNESCO, including their representation,
ex officio, on the Council of IOPI. To date, IAPT, TDWG, IUCN and
UNEP have agreed to such an ass
ociation, and the matter is under
consideration by CODATA and UNESCO. Preliminary recognition of IOPI
as an international scientific association or commission by IUBS has
been granted with a view to ratification of full recognition and
representation at their next general assembly in 1994.

Setting out objectives is the easiest part of the task, achieving
them will be more difficult for several reasons. Firstly, the
available expertise necessary is scattered all over the world and
many of the pract
itioners are already fully engaged on existing
taxonomic tasks. IOPI will have to depend upon the goodwill and
voluntary collaboration of many institutions, together with finding
the means (where essential) to provide additional assistance, whether
for basic taxonomic work or modifications of present practice, so
that existing and ongoing knowledge can contribute to the world
database. Moreover, for many regions and several taxonomic groups
even the most basic data are lacking or very limited. It wil
l be
important for IOPI to raise funding to assist such regions to develop
taxonomic work both for their own information as well as a
contribution to world knowledge.

It is important to realize that IOPI will act primarily as a trustee
of the knowledge in the proposed world database and to facilitate the
acquisition and availability of knowledge about plants and their
attributes as an international service. Lastly, but of immense
importance, IOPI will need to work through international
collaborat
ion and to ensure that such funding activities as it may
promote compete minimally, or not at all, with the fund-raising
efforts of other taxonomic institutions and individuals. Because the
objectives of IOPI are wider than the purely taxonomic, although in
the first instance that is the area of overriding importance, the
founders of IOPI believe that sources can be tapped which will meet
the non-taxonomic competitive criterion.

To implement this approach a number of actions were agreed. Firstly,

an international Foundation Council was established to get the
project started. A Council fully in accordance with the Constitution
is to be elected by postal ballot of members in 1992 to become
effective from the next plenary meeting of IOPI to be held in Xalapa,
Mexico, in Autumn 1992 (in association with a TDWG meeting).

Secondly, a World Plant Checklist Committee having a wide regional
representation was seen as a prime necessity. Dr. David Hunt of Kew
was asked to establish and lead it. This b
ody will co-ordinate and
promote the range of activities necessary to achieve a working
checklist in an initial target period of 5 years. Inter alia it will
have to organize commitments and contributions from different
participants and establish regional groups so that participants can
keep in touch both with each other and with the project as a whole.

Thirdly, the Checklist Committee will be supported by four
international Working Groups. One will develop a Taxonomic Resources
Network (TRN, chair
ed by Nancy Morin, St Louis) to assess what is
already available, identify regional and taxonomic gaps and provide
information to others in the project. A second will be concerned with
Dataset Definition and Standards (DDS, chaired by Frank Bisby,
Southampton), for work allied to that already being carried out by
TDWG. It is expected that this group should be able to provide a
minimum dataset with appropriate definitions of acceptable standards
early in 1992. The Information System Design group (ISD,
 chaired by
Catherine Zellweger, Geneva) will first examine the question of basic
transfer formats in current use, as advised by TRN in collaboration
with DDS. But its major task will be to develop an adequate and
effective system for the final Checklist so that it will be possible
to integrate other data, taxonomic and non-taxonomic, into it.
K. Beese (Brussels) has been asked to form an additional User
working group to look into what other kinds of data should be
incorporated into the taxonomic ch
ecklist and with what priority.

Lastly, the Products and Editing group (PE, chaired by Herve Burdet)
will be concerned with the form of the final products as well as the
editing en route.

As has already been said, IOPI will have to depend greatly on the
voluntary participation of institutions and individuals world-wide,
and most of the financing of basic taxonomic work will be that
available to each participant in the course of normal work.
However, if the project is to be truly developed and in
tegrated
internationally, then some central funding will have to be found to
cover the running costs of maintaining communications and the like,
as well as for assisting with travel when no other source is
available. A Finance working group (chaired by J. Scott Petersen,
US.D.A., Beltsville) has therefore been established both to seek
support and supporters for all financial aspects of the work. While
this group will, of course, actively seek general funds for central
activities, it will also try to
 respond to, and promote, the needs of
other groups within the project. For instance the Checklist Committee
will have to meet at least once before the next full meeting of IOPI and
ISD would like to hold a number of small workshops involving people
from different parts of the world.

Geneva has most generously offered to prepare, circulate, and meet
the cost of an IOPI Newsletter (to be edited by Herve M. Burdet) and
this should greatly aid communication.

However, until the first Newsletter is p
roduced, further detailed
information about IOPI can best be obtained from its Secretary, Alex
George, Australian Biological Resources Study, GPO Box 636, Canberra,
ACT 2601, Australia. He, or any member of the Foundation Council, can
provide information on how to become a Participating Centre or
Individual Member of IOPI.

[  electronic information about IOPI - including this report - is
   available on the network via anonymous ftp at the biodiversity
   server at the Australian National Universi
ty:

          life.anu.edu.au     /pub/biodiversity/iopi

   and at the taxacom server at Harvard University:

          huh.harvard.edu     /pub/standards/iopi

   It is also available throught the Harvard biodiversity gopher 
   server by:

          gopher huh.harvard.edu 70  
 
    - jrc  ]

The Foundation Council members are: Dr. A. Anton (Cordoba,
Vice-chairman), Prof. Dr. P. Baas (Leiden), Dr. K. Beese (E.C.,
Brussels), Dr. F. Bisby (Southampton), Dr. D. Geltman (St.
Petersbourg)
, A.  George (Canberra, Secretary), Dr. A. Giulietti (Sao
Paulo), Prof. W. Greuter (Berlin), Dr. P. Holmgren (New York), Prof.
K. Iwatsuki (Tokyo), Prof. B. Jonsell (Stockholm), Dr. E. Kennedy
(Biosis, Philadelphia), Prof. G. Lucas (Kew), Dr. P. Maas (Utrecht),
Prof P. Morat (Paris), Dr. N. Morin (St. Louis), Dr. L. Skog
(Washington), Prof. R.  Spichiger (Geneva), Prof. C. Stace
(Leicester), and Dr. D. Sutton (London).

[Sir John Burnett, Chairman, 13 Field House Drive, Oxford OX2 7NT, U.K.]
++++++
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
From:	AS8250::WINS%"[email-masked]" 22-DEC-1992 23:10:37.48
To:	JKIRKBRIDE
CC:	
Subj:	IOPI - ASBS Newsletter Sept 1991

y life.anu.edu.au (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA06049; Wed, 23 Dec 92 15:06:04 EST
Date: Wed, 23 Dec 92 15:06:03 EST
Message-Id: <[email-masked]>
Comment:  IOPI project discussion list.
Originator: [email-masked]
Errors-To: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked] (David Green)
Sender: [email-masked]
Version: 5.5 -- Copyright (c) 1991/92, Anastasios Kotsikonas
From: [email-masked] (David Green)
To: [email-masked]
Subject: IOPI - ASBS 
Newsletter Sept 1991

Scanned from Australian Systematic Botany Society Newsletter 68
(September 1991) 30--31.

International Organization for Plant Information
(formerly Species Plantarum Project /
Global Plant Species Information System)

The meeting at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, in June (Newsletter 67:
33), recommended that a new structure be set up to integrate and
replace the "Species Plantarum Project" (SPP) and the "Global Plant
Species Information System" (GPSIS). The proposed name
 of the new
body is International Organization for Plant Information
(Organisation Internationale pour la Connaissance des Vegetaux).

Kew, one of the proponents of SPP, indicated its acceptance of the
new organization at the meeting. The proponent of GPSIS, the
Commission for Plant Taxonomic Databases (TDWG), is discussing the
proposal and will decide its position at a meeting on 18 September.

The activities of IOPI will be determined by a Council of not more
than 30 members, including represent
atives of IAPT, TDWG, CODATA,
UNEP and IUCN.  Members of Council will be selected initially to
represent taxonomists, user-groups, information technologists, and
others appropriate to aspects of the project.

The first project of IOPI will be a Vascular Plant Checklist of the
World.  A Checklist Committee was nominated to plan and produce the
Checklist within five years. It will be supported by several working
groups addressing such aspects as the organization of taxonomic
resources, the data set t
o be included, the design of the database
system, and editing.

A meeting of the Interim Council of IOPI will be held in Canberra on
19-20 September, immediately before the 7th Intemational TDWG
Workshop. At this meeting, the status of the SPP and GPSIS projects
will be discussed and, hopefully, a firm decision taken to proceed
with IOPI and the proposed Checklist.

On the assumption that the Canberra meeting will approve the
establishment of IOPI or something close to it, application has
already
 been made to IUBS for interim recogniton of the organization
as a Commission.

Alex George
Flora of Australia

For those of you who are unclear on the history of the various groups
involved in these activities, the following list may be helpful.

    SPP- the Species Plantarum Project. This was intended as a
    computer-based project to produce a new Species Plantarum; i.e. a
    descripdon of all of the plant species of the world, with keys,
    short descriptions, and distribution inform
ation, etc. It was
    proposed by a consortium of seven major botanical institudons:-
    Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Missouri Botanical Garden, New York
    Botanical Garden, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
    Rijksherbarium, Smithsonian Institution, and Conservatoire et
    Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Geneve. It was launched at a
    meeting in Kew in November 1990, and was intended to take 50
    years to complete.

    GPSIS - Global Plant Species Information System. This was
    i
ntended as a computer-based project to produce a checklist of
    plant species of the world, including authorities, synonymy,
    classification, distribution, and bibliography. It was proposed
    by the IUBS Commission for Plant Taxonomic Databases (which also
    calls itself the Taxonomic Databases Working Group, or TDWG). It
    was launched at a meeting in Delphi, Greece, in October 1990, and
    was to be completed as fast as possible.

    CODATA - ICSU Committee on Data for Science and Tec
hnology.

    IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural
    Resources. This is an independent body, founded in 1948, for
    promoting and supporting action related to the protection and
    sustainable use of living resources. Membership comprises
    governments, government agencies, international organizations,
    and private institutions.  Its six Commissions consist of more
    than 700 experts.

    UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme. A programme and
    or
ganization created by the United Nations Conference on the
    Human Environment in 1972, to provide guidelines for action by
    governments and international organizations designed to protect
    and improve the human environment and to remedy and prevent its
    impairment.

    IAPT - Internadonal Association for Plant Taxonomy. Founded in
    1950 to promote the development of plant taxonomy and to
    encourage international relations between taxonomists. Publishes
    Taxon and the Regnum Ve
getabile series.  Members can be
    individuals or institutes.

    IUBS - International Union of Biological Sciences. Founded in 1922
    to promote the study of biological sciences at the international
    level. International Botanical Congresses are held under the
    auspices of its Division of Botany. Members are international
    scientific associations and societies, as well as national
    academies of science, research councils, and science associations.
    IAPT is a member.

    ICSU
 - Intemadonal Council of Scientific Unions. Founded in 1919
    to encourage international scientific activity and to co-ordinate
    the activities of the international scientific unions. Members
    are international scientific unions, as well as national
    academies of science, research councils, and associations of
    instititions. IUBS is a member.

    --Eds
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
.L:11i
.XT:1i
.X:1i
.XB:1i
.XJ:1i
From:  AS8250::
WINS%"[email-masked]"  7-JAN-1993 05:03:05.77
To:  JKIRKBRIDE
CC:  
Subj:  IOPI - University of Reading, Herbarium News 30

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR PLANT INFORMATION (IOPI)
======================================================

[ extract from University of Reading, Plant Science Laboratories, Herbarium 
  News 30: 6, 14 Dec 1992 ] 

Dr Stephen Jury attended the recent meetings of IOPI in Mexico. Readers may be 
interested in, if not aware of developments in, this area of Plant Informati
on 
Systems. 

A meeting took place in October 1990 in Delphi sponsored by CODATA, TDWG 
(Taxonomic Databases Working Group) and the Commission of the European 
Community under the title of Designs for a Global Plant Information System 
(GPSIS).  The object is to obtain a computerized world check-list of plant 
names of vascular plants as soon as possible.  To this `backbone' other 
desirable information (e.g. geographical distribution) could be attached.  An 
international committee was set up, ch
aired by Sir John Burnett, to plan the 
way forward.  The updated proceedings of this Delphi GPSIS meeting will be 
published as Systematics Association special volume under the title Designs 
for a Global Plant Diversity Information System, edited by F.A. Bisby, R.J. 
Pankhurst & G.F. Russell. 

Another meeting was held shortly afterwards at Kew to prepare the ground for a 
`Species Plantarum Project' (SPP), basically a `Flora Europaea' of the world 
to be completed over a 50 year period. However, 
at the Kew meeting the GPSIS 
proposals were preferred and an international `Interim council'  was set up 
and asked to meet as soon as possible.  Unfortunately, this was not until 
27/29th June 1991 at Kew, and then not all members were able to attend. 

The Kew Interim Council authorized the setting up of a new body called the 
International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI), which was expected to 
replace both the GPSIS and SPP proposals, nominate a number of individuals to 
the Council o
f IOPI and some of its committees and working parties, and to 
agree a minimum dataset for the Checklist, as well as briefly indicating other 
kinds of datasets required.  It was agreed to meet in Canberra, Australia, 
19/20th September 1991, so that the members of TDWG attending their annual 
meeting could also attend IOPI meetings.  IOPI was, indeed, set up in Canberra 
and the four working groups of the Checklist committee have begun their work. 

In Xalapa good progress was, in fact, made in most
 areas.  The working group 
Taxonomic Resources Network, chaired by Nancy Morin of the Missouri Botanical 
Garden, has drawn up a draft list of family and geographical specialists to 
identify providers of data and has produced a questionnaire on datasets.  (A 
copy can be obtained from Dr S.L. Jury at Reading).  The "Data Definitions and 
Standards Group" was chaired by Dr Frank Bisby of Southampton and the 
"Information Systems Group" by Catharine Zellweger of Geneve.  The latter will 
establish an
 electronic communication service on Internet, available by 1 
December 1992.  The "Editorial and Products Group", chaired by Hervh Burdet of 
Genhve will publish the IOPI Newsletter and, once the communication network is 
in place, this will be available electronically. 

The Checklist Committee approved the following plan:

Phase 1 - November - December 1992.
P-L-T----T----T----2----+----3----+----4----+----5----+----6----+----7----+-YR| 
1.      Identify and approach database holders and taxono
mic specialists with 
  plan, and invite collaboration (TRN); 
2.      similarly establish regional centers and select regional advisors 
  (Checklist Committee); 
3.      complete minimal dataset (DDS/ISG);
4.      initiate work on communication network (ISG);
5.      prepare and distribute database questionnaire (TRN);
6.      prepare detailed technical plan (ISG).

Phase 2 - January - June 1993.
1.      selected samples of databases, involving selected families/genera 
  reviewed for: * assess
ment by DDS/ISG for problems of conformity and 
  assimilation * sample runs involving taxonomic specialists (CLC/TRN) results 
  available to donors and IOPI members; all involving regional advisors; 
2.      communication network established; all donor databases, regional nodes 
  and IOPI members can log on; work station at IOPI node (ISG); 
3.      database questionnaire turned into on-line database of databases (new 
  working group). 

Phase 3 - July - December 1993.
1.      assessment of pos
ition to date by IOPI, database donors, specialist 
  taxonomists; 
2.      IBC presentation in Tokyo;
3.      database directory published as hard copy;
4.      ongoing activities maintained; IOPI system tested.

Phase 4 - 1994.
1.      major work on integration begins; as data is processed and the IOPI 
  database develops, it will be available on network to collaborating centers 
  and individuals, but access by others will be regulated. 
2.      programme and problems of publication to be addr
essed by EPG and by 
  group concerned with the problems of ownership and acknowledgement. 

Phase 5 - 1995 through 1996
1.      work on major datasets continues;
2.      other databases incorporated;
3.      proposals for modes of publication to be circulated
4.      outstanding problems addressed.
L---T----T----T----2----+----3----+----4----+----5----+----6----+----7----+-YR| 

Phase 6 - 1997.
first `edition' of preliminary World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) 
available on communication
s network in electronic form and hardcopy. 

IOPI has, thus, got well underway and we look forward to the next progress 
report.  Readers are encouraged to support IOPI and join the organisation; 
contact Alex George, Australian Biological Resources Study, Australian 
National Parks & Wildlife Service, GPO Box 636, Canberra, Australian Capital 
Territory 2601. 

================================================================================
Jury, Stephen L. [email-masked] (Internet) Herb. C
urator (RNG) 
                 Department of Botany, Univ. of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading,
                 RG6 2AS, United Kingdom  Ph (44) 734318169  FAX (44) 734753676
================================================================================
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
From:	AS8250::WINS%"[email-masked]" 22-DEC-1992 23:16:49.01
To:	JKIRKBRIDE
CC:	
Subj:	Introduction to IOPI

Return-Path: <[email-masked]>
Received: from a
nu.anu.edu.au by asrr.arsusda.gov with SMTP ; 
          Tue, 22 Dec 92 22:16:30 EDT
Date: Wed, 23 Dec 92 15:12:14 EST
Comment:  IOPI project discussion list.
Originator: [email-masked]
[email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked] (David Green)
Sender: [email-masked]
Version: 5.5 -- Copyright (c) 1991/92, Anastasios Kotsikonas
From: [email-masked] (David Green)
To: [email-masked]
Subject: Introduction to IOPI

       INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR PLANT INFORMATION (IOPI)

Today, despite the widespread utilization and exploitation of plant
species, growing concerns about loss of biodiversity and the urgent need
for conservation of genetic reso
urces, there is no modern unified
conspectus of the plant species of the world, their distribution and
attributes. The problem has been addressed in part by the Species
Plantarum Project and the Global Plant Species Information System groups.
IOPI has been established to integrate and extend the work of these
groups, and to replace them.

IOPI's objective will be to prepare such a conspectus as expeditiously as
possible through the establishment of a series of integrated, dispersed,
computerised da
tabases which will summarize the basic taxonomic
information, biological attributes and potential for utilization of all
species, in the first instance, of all the vascular plants of the world;
to document the data, and to make them accessible in a variety of ways
for the benefit of a diversity of users. This is a major undertaking but
an essential, minimal, first step will be to provide, as a fundamental
framework, a World Vascular Plant Checklist. Therafter, it will be
possible to integrate further
 databases concerned with other attributes,
taxonomic, biological, ecological, useful - whether to agriculture,
forestry, horticulture, medicine, biotechnology or in other ways - or of
relevance to conservation, around this Checklist.

This checklist project depends upon the voluntary collaboration of
numerous botanical institutions and individuals worldwide. The urgent
need for a checklist means that it should be completed as quickly as
possible, and a timescale of 5-10 years has been mooted.

To
 achieve its objectives, IOPI has established a Checklist Committee, 
an Information Systems Committee and a number of Working Groups. It is 
considered that the sharing of information and experience in planning 
and operating networks will benefit both IOPI and other groups concerned 
with biodiversity.

For further information regarding IOPI, contact ...

name        Mr. Alex George
            IOPI Secretary
address     Australian Biological Resources Study
            GPO Box 636
           
 Canberra A.C.T. 2601
            AUSTRALIA

To obtain electronic information about IOPI use anonymous ftp to ...

site         life.anu.edu.au
directory    /pub/biodiversity/iopi

or:

site:        huh.harvard.edu
directory    /pub/standards/iopi

or through the Harvard biodiversity gopher 

             gopher huh.harvard.edu 70  

The files on the ANU ftp server will be available on gopher early in 
the new year.

__________________________________________________________

        
    IOPI ELECTRONIC NEWS SERVICE
            ============================

IOPI maintains a regular news service about its activities for members 
and anyone else interested. 

To register for electronic news about IOPI contact ...
 
name        Dr David Geoffrey Green
email       [email-masked]
phone       61-6-249-2490 / 249-5031 / 249-5111 (switch)
fax         61-6-249-4437
address     Bioinformatics Facility
            Research School of Biological Science
            Australian N
ational University
            GPO Box 475  Canberra 2601 AUSTRALIA

To submit items of news relevant to IOPI, contact ... 

name        Catherine Zellweger
            Chairperson, IOPI Information Systems Committee
email       [email-masked]
phone       41 22 732 69 69
fax         41 22 738 45 97
address     Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques
            C.P. 60
            CH-1292 Chambisy
            SWITZERLAND

Article 807 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!usc!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!PEARL.TUFTS.EDU!GELLMORE
From: [email-masked] (BIOHEAD)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Calif. Oak restoration
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 11 Jan 93 13:49:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 25

Major native Oak restoration projects have succeeded for the Nature
Conservancy in California due to the work of one of their Preserve
Managers and Field Researchers, Dr. Tom Griggs. 

By trying different planting techniques, and carefully monitoring the
results over several years, Griggs has achieved astounding establishment
rates for several native Oaks. In general these have come from focusing
on the ROOT system development. He has found that by focusing on root
system management, he is able to insure a vigorous Oak tree. Roots of 
each species have their characteristic range of responses to soil
properties, irrigation regime, weed competition, and herbivory.

Griggs can be contacted by snail mail:  Dr. Tom Griggs
                                        1658 Inghram Rd.
                                        Corning CA  96021

hope this helps. Griggs is a practicing plant ecologist. His data are 
generated in the harsh and variable reality of open California, not
from the greenhouse or nursery.

                                 George Ellmore
                                 Biology Dept.
                                 Tufts University
                                 Medford, MA

Article 805 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!ames!purdue!mentor.cc.purdue.edu!biomac1s.bio.purdue.edu!user
From: [email-masked] (Paul Furbacher)
Subject: Re: Botanical software
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News)
Organization: Purdue University
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1993 06:31:07 GMT
Lines: 46

In article <[email-masked]>, 
  [email-masked] (BIOHEAD) wrote:
> 
> Botanical software of possible use?
> 
> Just yesterday I was browsing through the electronic section of a dept.
> store, and noticed hand-held (calculator-sized) language translators,
> dictionaries, baseball fact compendia, etc. It would be fun to have
> a BOTANICAL KEY in such a format.
 
Not only fun but educational, too.

> You'd take this mini-computer into
> the field, punch in floral characteristics, and it would give you the
> Family, if not the very species. The writing has already been done in
> Book form (major floras of regions throughout the world). It would be
> a matter of converting the printed dichotomous keys to the computer
> format, AND correctly diagnosing floral morphology.
> 
> Has this already been done, or is the market too small?

It probably hasn't been done for hand-held computers, but 
if you work hard on convincing your favorite publishers to
look into putting the data onto CD or MD, then in a few
years, the hand-helds will have CD-ROMs or MDs in them and 
all of us who would like to know what we're looking at in 
the field, but can't remember enough from our field botany 
courses taken fifteen years ago, will be in heaven.
(Prof. W.H. Wagner, Jr. would be disappointed if he knew how
much I've forgotten over the years.  Well, I am too.  His 
field botany course was perhaps the most intense course I
ever took, and second in enjoyment behind the systematics
course he offered the previous semester.  Very regrettably, I've
forgotten most of the material from both courses.)

Some of the upcoming products from Sony and Apple (Newton) offer 
the promise of holding and handling such encyclopedic 
volumes of information.  Illustrations and photographs would be
an integral part of botanical keys offered in these formats, and
would make identification even more certain for even the novice.
Interactive machines would allow annotations, and even smarter ones
would log your earthly coordinates and link to national botanical
databases to log data on distribution and population sizes.  
And so on -- the possibilities are endless.

PF

Article 807 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!usc!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!PEARL.TUFTS.EDU!GELLMORE
From: [email-masked] (BIOHEAD)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Calif. Oak restoration
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 11 Jan 93 13:49:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 25

Major native Oak restoration projects have succeeded for the Nature
Conservancy in California due to the work of one of their Preserve
Managers and Field Researchers, Dr. Tom Griggs. 

By trying different planting techniques, and carefully monitoring the
results over several years, Griggs has achieved astounding establishment
rates for several native Oaks. In general these have come from focusing
on the ROOT system development. He has found that by focusing on root
system management, he is able to insure a vigorous Oak tree. Roots of 
each species have their characteristic range of responses to soil
properties, irrigation regime, weed competition, and herbivory.

Griggs can be contacted by snail mail:  Dr. Tom Griggs
                                        1658 Inghram Rd.
                                        Corning CA  96021

hope this helps. Griggs is a practicing plant ecologist. His data are 
generated in the harsh and variable reality of open California, not
from the greenhouse or nursery.

                                 George Ellmore
                                 Biology Dept.
                                 Tufts University
                                 Medford, MA

Article 810 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!biosci!VM.UOGUELPH.CA!UGG00180
From: [email-masked] (Sandy)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: tyrosine ammonia lyase
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 12 Jan 93 15:54:15 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 13

I am quickly becoming a desperate PhD student, hoping to graduate before
the end of the century. If anyone out there is sympathetic to my cause and
has either antibodies or clones for tyrosine ammonia lyase (I am working with
wheat although I am willing to test any system) I would be forever indebted
to you for helping me. Any information on obtaining antibodies or clones
or even some sequence data for making PCR primers would be helpful at this time
. I am studying phenylpropanoid metabolism in virus infected wheat.  If you
have any information or require more details please contact me at:
Sandy Kofalvi              e-mail: [email-masked]
Dept. of Botany            fax:    (519)-767-1991
U. of Guelph
Guelph, ON
Canada

Article 811 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!biosci!VM.UOGUELPH.CA!UGG00180
From: [email-masked] (Sandy)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 12 Jan 93 16:05:10 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 12

I have been studying cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity in virus
infected wheat plants and would like to test for mRNA activity of this
enzyme. I have tested a tobacco clone against my wheat RNA but without
success even under conditions of very low stringency. Does anyone have
(or know of) a clone for CAD made from a monocot? Even some sequence data
which could be used to make PCR primers would be very helpful. Please
send any information to:
Sandy Kofalvi                   e-mail: [email-masked]
Dept. of Botany                 fax:    519-767-1991
U of Guelph
Guelph, ON
Canada                                       Thanks a million

Article 813 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!PEARL.TUFTS.EDU!GELLMORE
From: [email-masked] (BIOHEAD)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Bonsai
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 13 Jan 93 21:53:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 5

Whatever supplies you decide to get, if you take Bonsai seriously,
you MUST get a timed mister. Something that makes those plants think
they're growing in a maritime fog. Otherwise, shoots will eventually
(within 2 years) dry up, and you'll find yourself spray-painting them
green to keep them life-like.

Article 814 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!caen!uunet!biosci!BCM.TMC.EDU!gvachon
From: [email-masked] (Gilles Vachon)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Cell type specification
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 13 Jan 93 23:52:18 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 5

Hi, I am new in the Arabidopsis (and plant) world. 
Does anybody know some labs or key references about cell type
specification in plants?
Thanks

Article 815 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!PEARL.TUFTS.EDU!GELLMORE
From: [email-masked] (BIOHEAD)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Plant cell lineages
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 14 Jan 93 13:00:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 3

Start with the most recent edition of Steeves and Sussex. Patterns in Plant
Development. Prentice-Hall  (a book). For molecular studies, look for
reviews and papers by Chua at the Rockefeller Institute.

Article 816 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!biosci!daresbury!bioftp.unibas.ch!rc1!dec5.ulb.ac.be!tsornas
From: [email-masked] (Thierry Sornasse)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Seed germination on artificial Med
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 14 Jan 93 12:09:37 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: Free University Brussels  - Belgium -  Department of Molecular Biology
Lines: 9

Hi networkers,

As an immunologist, I am naive in plant biology. I will be pleased to know if there is an artificial medium
(Gel substrat) specialy created to allow seed's germination ? If such a medium exists, would it be possible
to send me the composition of it.

Thank you

Thierry Sornasse

Article 817 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!usenet
From: Thomas Bjorkman <[email-masked]>
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Seed germination on artificial Med
Date: 14 Jan 1993 17:45:34 GMT
Organization: Cornell University
Lines: 16
Sender: [email-masked] (Verified)
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
References: <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: 132.236.4.94
X-UserAgent: Nuntius v1.1.1d7
X-XXDate: Thu, 14 Jan 93 12:49:41 GMT

In article <[email-masked]> Thierry Sornasse, [email-masked]
writes:
>As an immunologist, I am naive in plant biology. I will be pleased to
know if 
>there is an artificial medium
>(Gel substrat) specialy created to allow seed's germination ? If such a
medium 
>exists, would it be possible to send me the composition of it.

For many seeds you will find 2-4% agar in tap water to be fine (if you
really need a gel).  For a solid medium, Whatman's No. 1 filter paper
works fine.  There are also specialized papers, but I assume you have
filter paper around.   
What species are you interested in?  The germination conditions are very
specific to the species, so it would be hard to give a more precise
answer without knowing.

Article 818 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!pipex!warwick!uknet!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Seed germination on artificial Med
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 14 Jan 93 18:01:13 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 26
Original-To: [email-masked]

In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
: Hi networkers,
: 
: As an immunologist, I am naive in plant biology. I will be pleased to know if there is an artificial medium
: (Gel substrat) specialy created to allow seed's germination ? If such a medium exists, would it be possible
: to send me the composition of it.

Seed germination tests are nornally conducted using moist filter paper.

Seeds that are germinated for individual planting are often 'pricked'
out into 'rock-wool' cubes or similar inert substrates so that the
fragile root hairs on the emerging radicle are not damaged by handling
the germinated seeds directly when they are planted.

When many seeds have to be planted it is common to use a starch-based
'gel' similar in composition to wallpaper paste.  The mixture of paste
and germinated seedlings can then be squeezed gently through a tube to
drill sow a row of plants.  The paste serves to protect the germinating
seeds during the initial stages of development.

	Tony.
--
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751

Article 819 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!biosci!VM.UOGUELPH.CA!BOTSALT
From: [email-masked] (david salt)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: kinetic analysis of antiport data
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 14 Jan 93 19:14:22 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 45

 I have been working on a Cd/H antiport at the tonoplast of oat
roots and I have some kinetic data which I am not sure how to
interpret, could anybody help?

I am working with isolated tonoplast vesicles which I load with
H using the V-type ATPase. I measure the initial rate of H
accumulation using absorbance decrease at 490nm of acridine
orange. The outward movement of H from the vesicles is then
coupled to Cd inward movement (measured directly using 109Cd).

The data I am having problems with is the initial rate of H
accumulation at different [ATP] AND different [Cd]. What kinetic
parameters if any can I obtain from this data.

If I plot this data as a v vs S or Eadie Hoftsee I get what
appears to be competative inhibition of H accumulation by Cd
(due to antiport activity, at the [Cd] used Cd has no effect of
ATPase directly), is the Ki for Cd then equivalent to the Km for
Cd transport (Km for Cd transport 5 micromolar measured directly
using 109Cd and Ki for Cd approx. 10 micromolar).

Could I view this as a dual substrate system, with ATP and Cd
being the substrates and H accumulation the product? Is there
some plot which would then allow me to obtain a Km for both ATP
and Cd?

I have not seen anybody try to analyses this type of antiport
data before.

David Salt

Botany Department

University of Guelph

Guelph, Ontario, Canada

[email-masked]

Article 820 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba sci.bio:7485 sci.engr.biomed:531 bionet.general:3378 bionet.plants:820 sci.bio.technology:443
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!caen!spool.mu.edu!olivea!gossip.pyramid.com!pyramid.COM!dinesh
From: [email-masked] (Dinesh Jalisatgi)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,sci.engr.biomed,sfnet.tiede.bio,bionet.general,bionet.plants,sci.bio.technology
Subject: Looking for a Post Doctarate Position in Biology or related field.
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Jan 93 00:39:55 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: Pyramid Technology Corporation, Mountain View, California
Lines: 44
NNTP-Posting-Host: shadow.eng.pyramid.com

Hi,

 I am sorry if this post does not belong to the group. My brother has just

 finished his Ph.D in Organic Chemistry and is interested in coming to any

 of the schools for his Post Doctarate. If anybody knows of any position

 open in his or her department/Uinv, can you please email me the details.

 A brief description of his field of study is as follows :

 Studied cyanoethylation and related reactions, using polyphosphoric acid as

 reagent for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as

 hexahydrobenzoxanthones, hexahydroacridones, substituted

 octahydronaphthopyrones, substituted quinoles and pyranobenzopyrones.

 Also worked on 18 Indian medicinal plant species for their anti-tumour

 activity (P388 lymphocytic leukamia), of which 3 species showed good

 anti-tumour activity at prelimnary stages, and four compunds were isolated

 and the structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectral

 analysis.

 His school for Masters was Intitute of Science.

 His school for Ph.D was Ruparel College , Bombay University.

 Thanks.

               -d----------         Dinesh S. Jalisatgi.
              --ddd--------         Pyramid Technology Corporation
            ----dddddd-----
          ------ddddddd----         off : (408)-428-7378.
        --------ddddddddd--         email: [email-masked]

Article 821 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!darwin.sura.net!paladin.american.edu!news.univie.ac.at!vm.univie.ac.at!A8471DAB
From: [email-masked] (Dr. Ch. Wawrosch/Prof.Dr. B. Kopp)
Subject: Passiflora
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (News System - Vienna University)
Nntp-Posting-Host: helios.edvz.univie.ac.at
Organization: University of Vienna
Date: Fri, 15 Jan 1993 16:25:22 GMT
Lines: 11

Hi

We're interested in getting contact with anyone who is familiar

with Passiflora sp. (botany, chemistry etc. etc.).

If you're interested, please e-mail us!

Chris ([email-masked])

Article 822 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!olivea!charnel!rat!zeus!mffowler
From: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Rockwool
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 16 Jan 93 04:37:41 GMT
Organization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Lines: 7

I started tomatoes in 2X2 rockwool cubes.  After two days they
germinated and I have to start transplanting.  I was going to put them
into 4X4 cubes, but, do to cost am seeking other alternatives.  Should I
go straight to slabs?  I don't want to transplant again.  Or should I go
to the 4X4s and put them on slabs.  Any info. is appreciated.  As well
as, any results you have had in growing this way. Thanks in advance.
 E-Mail me :  [email-masked]

Article 823 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!sdd.hp.com!spool.mu.edu!uunet!utcsri!newsflash.concordia.ca!mizar.cc.umanitoba.ca!browns
From: [email-masked] (Stuart Brown)
Subject: Brassica genomic library
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: ccu.umanitoba.ca
Organization: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Date: Mon, 18 Jan 1993 20:00:04 GMT
Lines: 14

I need a _Brassica napus_ (canola) genomic library in a lambda vector
such as EMBL4.  Any suggestions as to where I can get one quickly and
cheaply would be extremely welcome.

	Thanks  -Stu

-- 
Stuart M. Brown                             If you can remain cool when all 
U. of Manitoba, Dept. Plant Science         Around you are in panic,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, CANADA
[email-masked]            Then you surely misunderstand the situation

Article 824 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!sdd.hp.com!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!olivea!charnel!rat!zeus!mffowler
From: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Rockwool cont.
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 18 Jan 93 20:38:28 GMT
Organization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Lines: 17

In response to A.J. Travis's response I add:

I have decided to drop the 2X2s into 4X4s- they already have wholes in
them to accomadate.  I will probably then go to slabs, but am uncertain
at this time.  I would much rather grow aeroponically or use the NFT
technique because no medium is required.  Can you tell me more about the
NFT process.  It's prices, etc.  I am a practicer of rockwool and grow
rocks, but, am seeking alternatives due to problems with disposal of
rockwool and the great expense.  I have seen some tube-like Aeroponic modules,
for a high price, and might be interested in investing in those.  They
are made by General Hydroponics in Corte Madera, California.  They call
them the AeroFlo II systems and run for $499.00 (w/ 24 growing sites)
and $699.00 (w/ 40 growing sites).  Any information about these systems
is extremely appreciated.  I am looking for info. from Ein Gedi, Israel,
where this system was developed.  Thanks in advance.

					[email-masked]

Article 824 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!sdd.hp.com!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!olivea!charnel!rat!zeus!mffowler
From: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Rockwool cont.
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 18 Jan 93 20:38:28 GMT
Organization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Lines: 17

In response to A.J. Travis's response I add:

I have decided to drop the 2X2s into 4X4s- they already have wholes in
them to accomadate.  I will probably then go to slabs, but am uncertain
at this time.  I would much rather grow aeroponically or use the NFT
technique because no medium is required.  Can you tell me more about the
NFT process.  It's prices, etc.  I am a practicer of rockwool and grow
rocks, but, am seeking alternatives due to problems with disposal of
rockwool and the great expense.  I have seen some tube-like Aeroponic modules,
for a high price, and might be interested in investing in those.  They
are made by General Hydroponics in Corte Madera, California.  They call
them the AeroFlo II systems and run for $499.00 (w/ 24 growing sites)
and $699.00 (w/ 40 growing sites).  Any information about these systems
is extremely appreciated.  I am looking for info. from Ein Gedi, Israel,
where this system was developed.  Thanks in advance.

					[email-masked]

Article 825 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!rpi!uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!sdd.hp.com!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!olivea!charnel!psgrain!library.ucla.edu!ucla-mic!unixg.ubc.ca!cs.ubc.ca!news.UVic.CA!spang.Camosun.BC.CA!freenet.victoria.bc.ca!ua020

From: [email-masked] (Toby Sinats)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Methanol and plant growth
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 18 Jan 93 04:10:29 GMT
Sender: [email-masked] (Network News)
Organization: Camosun College, Victoria B.C, Canada
Lines: 10
Nntp-Posting-Host: freenet.victoria.bc.ca

Does anyone have any information about the November 3/92
article in the New York Times, Increasing Plants Yields With Sun and
Diluted Methanol? The implications are enormous, yet I have not
seen other mentions of this study.
Thanks 
Toby Sinats
 
-- 

Article 826 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!uunet!news.claremont.edu!jarthur.claremont.edu!purves
From: [email-masked] (Bill Purves)
Subject: Re: Methanol and plant growth
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (The News System)
Organization: Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Tue, 19 Jan 1993 08:51:48 GMT
Lines: 16

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (Toby Sinats) writes:
>
>Does anyone have any information about the November 3/92
>article in the New York Times, Increasing Plants Yields With Sun and
>Diluted Methanol? The implications are enormous, yet I have not
>seen other mentions of this study.

See: Nonomura, A.M. and A.A. Benson, 1992.  "The path of carbon in
photosynthesis: Improved crop yields with methanol." Proc Natl Acad
Sci (US) 89: 9794-9798.

William K. Purves
Department of Biology
Harvey Mudd College
Claremont, CA 91711

Article 827 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!hobbes.physics.uiowa.edu!news.iastate.edu!iscsvax.uni.edu!klier
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Fusicoccin sources?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 19 Jan 93 14:07:48 -0600
Organization: University of Northern Iowa
Lines: 4

Anybody know another source for fusicoccin besides Sigma and ICN?
(Ah, the joys of backorder...)

Kay Klier   Biology Dept  UNI    [email-masked]

Article 815 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!PEARL.TUFTS.EDU!GELLMORE
From: [email-masked] (BIOHEAD)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Plant cell lineages
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 14 Jan 93 13:00:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 3

Start with the most recent edition of Steeves and Sussex. Patterns in Plant
Development. Prentice-Hall  (a book). For molecular studies, look for
reviews and papers by Chua at the Rockefeller Institute.

Article 814 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!caen!uunet!biosci!BCM.TMC.EDU!gvachon
From: [email-masked] (Gilles Vachon)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Cell type specification
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 13 Jan 93 23:52:18 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 5

Hi, I am new in the Arabidopsis (and plant) world. 
Does anybody know some labs or key references about cell type
specification in plants?
Thanks

Article 816 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!biosci!daresbury!bioftp.unibas.ch!rc1!dec5.ulb.ac.be!tsornas
From: [email-masked] (Thierry Sornasse)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Seed germination on artificial Med
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 14 Jan 93 12:09:37 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: Free University Brussels  - Belgium -  Department of Molecular Biology
Lines: 9

Hi networkers,

As an immunologist, I am naive in plant biology. I will be pleased to know if there is an artificial medium
(Gel substrat) specialy created to allow seed's germination ? If such a medium exists, would it be possible
to send me the composition of it.

Thank you

Thierry Sornasse

Article 819 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!biosci!VM.UOGUELPH.CA!BOTSALT
From: [email-masked] (david salt)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: kinetic analysis of antiport data
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 14 Jan 93 19:14:22 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 45

 I have been working on a Cd/H antiport at the tonoplast of oat
roots and I have some kinetic data which I am not sure how to
interpret, could anybody help?

I am working with isolated tonoplast vesicles which I load with
H using the V-type ATPase. I measure the initial rate of H
accumulation using absorbance decrease at 490nm of acridine
orange. The outward movement of H from the vesicles is then
coupled to Cd inward movement (measured directly using 109Cd).

The data I am having problems with is the initial rate of H
accumulation at different [ATP] AND different [Cd]. What kinetic
parameters if any can I obtain from this data.

If I plot this data as a v vs S or Eadie Hoftsee I get what
appears to be competative inhibition of H accumulation by Cd
(due to antiport activity, at the [Cd] used Cd has no effect of
ATPase directly), is the Ki for Cd then equivalent to the Km for
Cd transport (Km for Cd transport 5 micromolar measured directly
using 109Cd and Ki for Cd approx. 10 micromolar).

Could I view this as a dual substrate system, with ATP and Cd
being the substrates and H accumulation the product? Is there
some plot which would then allow me to obtain a Km for both ATP
and Cd?

I have not seen anybody try to analyses this type of antiport
data before.

David Salt

Botany Department

University of Guelph

Guelph, Ontario, Canada

[email-masked]

Article 821 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!darwin.sura.net!paladin.american.edu!news.univie.ac.at!vm.univie.ac.at!A8471DAB
From: [email-masked] (Dr. Ch. Wawrosch/Prof.Dr. B. Kopp)
Subject: Passiflora
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (News System - Vienna University)
Nntp-Posting-Host: helios.edvz.univie.ac.at
Organization: University of Vienna
Date: Fri, 15 Jan 1993 16:25:22 GMT
Lines: 11

Hi

We're interested in getting contact with anyone who is familiar

with Passiflora sp. (botany, chemistry etc. etc.).

If you're interested, please e-mail us!

Chris ([email-masked])

Article 822 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!olivea!charnel!rat!zeus!mffowler
From: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Rockwool
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 16 Jan 93 04:37:41 GMT
Organization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Lines: 7

I started tomatoes in 2X2 rockwool cubes.  After two days they
germinated and I have to start transplanting.  I was going to put them
into 4X4 cubes, but, do to cost am seeking other alternatives.  Should I
go straight to slabs?  I don't want to transplant again.  Or should I go
to the 4X4s and put them on slabs.  Any info. is appreciated.  As well
as, any results you have had in growing this way. Thanks in advance.
 E-Mail me :  [email-masked]

Article 823 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!sdd.hp.com!spool.mu.edu!uunet!utcsri!newsflash.concordia.ca!mizar.cc.umanitoba.ca!browns
From: [email-masked] (Stuart Brown)
Subject: Brassica genomic library
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: ccu.umanitoba.ca
Organization: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Date: Mon, 18 Jan 1993 20:00:04 GMT
Lines: 14

I need a _Brassica napus_ (canola) genomic library in a lambda vector
such as EMBL4.  Any suggestions as to where I can get one quickly and
cheaply would be extremely welcome.

	Thanks  -Stu

-- 
Stuart M. Brown                             If you can remain cool when all 
U. of Manitoba, Dept. Plant Science         Around you are in panic,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, CANADA
[email-masked]            Then you surely misunderstand the situation

Article 824 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!sdd.hp.com!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!olivea!charnel!rat!zeus!mffowler
From: [email-masked] (Michael Francis Fowler)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Rockwool cont.
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 18 Jan 93 20:38:28 GMT
Organization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Lines: 17

In response to A.J. Travis's response I add:

I have decided to drop the 2X2s into 4X4s- they already have wholes in
them to accomadate.  I will probably then go to slabs, but am uncertain
at this time.  I would much rather grow aeroponically or use the NFT
technique because no medium is required.  Can you tell me more about the
NFT process.  It's prices, etc.  I am a practicer of rockwool and grow
rocks, but, am seeking alternatives due to problems with disposal of
rockwool and the great expense.  I have seen some tube-like Aeroponic modules,
for a high price, and might be interested in investing in those.  They
are made by General Hydroponics in Corte Madera, California.  They call
them the AeroFlo II systems and run for $499.00 (w/ 24 growing sites)
and $699.00 (w/ 40 growing sites).  Any information about these systems
is extremely appreciated.  I am looking for info. from Ein Gedi, Israel,
where this system was developed.  Thanks in advance.

					[email-masked]

Article 828 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!olivea!biosci!CATS.UCSC.EDU!mateo
From: [email-masked] (William J Rutherford)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Arctostaphyllos pollination?
Summary: Any information or references regarding species which pollinatE
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 16 Jan 93 07:30:26 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: University of California, Santa Cruz
Lines: 10

Arctostaphyllos species and or which act as nectar
robbers on any Arctostaphyllos sps. would be welcome.
Keywords: Arctostaphyllos, nectar robbery, pollination.
     We are doing a study on an endangered
Arctostaphyllos species here in Santa Cruz county and if
anyone has info. or references in regards to pollinators
and or nectar robbers or any info espcially regarding
effect of nectar robbery on seed set rates would be
greatly appreciated.
Info can be sent to [email-masked]

Article 829 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!biosci!VM.UOGUELPH.CA!UGF00005
From: [email-masked] (Yuri Melekhovets)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: (none)
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 21 Jan 93 00:05:13 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 9

Dear Sir,

My name Yuri Melekhovets, Ph.D.
I am study structure and evolution of
yeast and plant rRNA genes.
Please, give me the information about
discussions in plant biology.

Sincerely, Yuri.

Article 830 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!spool.mu.edu!torn!csd.unb.ca!UNBVM1.CSD.UNB.CA
From: T00X <[email-masked]>
Subject: tissue printing
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Lines: 11
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: The University of New Brunswick
Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 14:53:33 GMT

Can anyone enlighten me on the technique of tissue printing
in terms of being a tool for the study of anatomy,
histochemistry and gene expression? What is it? What does it
do? Where and when would you use it?

Please e-mail me. Thank you.

Monna Yip
University of New Brunswick, N.B., Canada
[email-masked]

Article 831 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
From: [email-masked] (Stovin Hayter)
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!doc.ic.ac.uk!pipex!demon!mackeson.demon.co.uk!stovin
Subject: Transgenic plant projects
Distribution: world
Organization: tK
Reply-To: [email-masked]
X-Mailer: Simple NEWS 1.90 (ka9q DIS 1.19)
Lines: 23
Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 23:20:43 +0000
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]

This is a reply to Toby Murcott, who asked a week or so ago for info about
the use of transgenic technology to create new plants. Horticulture Week
magazine, of which I am the editor, recently published an article about a
company called David Austin Roses which has commissioned research from a UK
university (I forget which since I don't have it in front of me) to create new,
commercially interesting rose varieties.
	And next week (Jan 29) we will publish an article about a company 
called Southern Glasshouse Crops Ltd, a big chrysanthemum cut flower producer,
which has been bought out by the Japanese brewing company Kirin for the 
express purpose of combining Kirin's biotechnology expertise with Southern
Glasshouse's plant breeding knowledge. Interesting things should come of this.
	If you want to know more, I can e-mail you the text of both articles.
They are a bit long to include here. I can even let you have phone numbers for 
the companies, if you're interested.
	More tenuously, I read somewhere some time ago, New Scientist I think, 
about an Australian company (I think) which has set out to create a black rose
(something of a bizarre holy grail for a lot of rose breeders, for some reason)
using transgenic technology.
	I for one would be very intersted in seeing  a summary of whatever you
manage to get out of this investigation. Good luck

Stovin Hayter
[email-masked]

Article 836 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!emory!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!darwin.sura.net!haven.umd.edu!uunet!munnari.oz.au!comp.vuw.ac.nz!cc-server4.massey.ac.nz!COKelly
From: [email-masked] (C.J. O'Kelly)
Subject: Taxonomists: charging into oblivion (Re: BEN 48)
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Keywords: taxonomy, user pays
Organization: Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
X-Reader: NETNEWS/PC Version 2c
Date: Mon, 25 Jan 93 00:02:08 GMT
Lines: 30

Re: Charging fees for taxonomic services.

Dammit be careful out there!!!

Some years ago, the Botany Division of New Zealand's Division of
Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) came to a similar conclusion,
that the day of free taxonomic IDs was at an end.  Hence they began
charging.

From that day these guys were dead.  Identifications made for clients
dropped from several per day to a few per month.  Didn't matter what the
fee was, the clients didn't come back.  Didn't take the administrators
more than a few clicks on their calculators to discover that the users
were not paying for the service and were not going to.  Within two
years, Botany Division was dead, with most of its staff in taxonomy gone
or going (I think the herbarium curator is all that remains).  The New
Zealand Government refuses to fund taxonomy - there is the occasional
murmuring from a scientific review, which Government tosses a few
platitudes over in the way of last rites and then ignores.  And no New
Zealand University teaches taxonomy.  Just as well given the caliber of
the students who fool themselves into thinking they're learning it.

Get real.  Underpayment is better than no payment.  And it may mean that
there are a few individuals left to pass on their expertise when, in
thirty years, folk finally recognize what they've done by killing off
the field that answers the first question of biology ("What is it?").

Charley O'Kelly
Mad Phycologist/Protistologist

Article 837 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba rec.gardens:13115 bionet.plants:837
Newsgroups: rec.gardens,bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!murdoch!usenet
From: [email-masked] (Andrew B. Lederman)
Subject: Seed germination for tropical plants
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: University of Virginia
Distribution: na
Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 14:19:52 GMT
Lines: 14

I recently acquired some tropical seeds (dwarf banana, bird of paradise,
passion flower) and need some advice on how to get them started.  The problem 
is that they require germination tempereatures between 80 - 90 degrees.

How can I provide adequate temperatures and humidity etc. in my cold apartment?
I figure I could make some sort of mini greenhouse with an aquarium, but I don't
know the best way to keep the temperature up.

Thanks,

Andrew

[email-masked]

Article 838 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba rec.gardens:13128 bionet.plants:838
Newsgroups: rec.gardens,bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!emory!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!rpi!usenet.coe.montana.edu!news.u.washington.edu!ns1.nodak.edu!plains.NoDak.edu!nanders
From: [email-masked] (Noel Anderson)
Subject: Re: Seed germination for tropical plants
Sender: [email-masked] (News login)
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 17:48:44 GMT
Distribution: na
References: <[email-masked]>
Nntp-Posting-Host: plains.nodak.edu
Organization: North Dakota Higher Education Computing Network
Lines: 25

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (Andrew B. Lederman) writes:
>I recently acquired some tropical seeds (dwarf banana, bird of paradise,
>passion flower) and need some advice on how to get them started.  The problem 
>is that they require germination tempereatures between 80 - 90 degrees.
>
>How can I provide adequate temperatures and humidity etc. in my cold apartment?
>I figure I could make some sort of mini greenhouse with an aquarium, but I don't
>know the best way to keep the temperature up.

You can purchase heating pads from garden seed companies.  A cheaper alternative
is hog heating pads from farm suppliers, but that may not be an option in
your area.  I just payed $50 for two 36"*12" pads from Kane Manufacturing in
Des Moines, IA.  You also need a way to vary the temperature such as with
a dimmer switch for lights (another ~$15).

Many people just set seed trays on the pads.  This spring I plan to put my
trays in aluminum water pans which then sit on the mats.  I'm hoping for
better heat distribution and humidity with that scheme.

-- 
Noel W. Anderson                   [email-masked] (Internet)
Asst Prof, Computer Engineering         "I speak for myself, not NDSU"
EE Dept, North Dakota State University         nanders@plains (BITNET)

Article 839 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba rec.gardens:13132 bionet.plants:839
Path: samba!concert!gatech!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!sdd.hp.com!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!copper!cudnvr!smallory
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: rec.gardens,bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Seed germination for tropical plants
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 25 Jan 93 12:32:21 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Followup-To: rec.gardens
Distribution: na
Lines: 20

In article <[email-masked]>, [email-masked] (Andrew B. Lederman) writes:
> I recently acquired some tropical seeds (dwarf banana, bird of paradise,
> passion flower) and need some advice on how to get them started.  The problem 
> is that they require germination tempereatures between 80 - 90 degrees.
> 
> How can I provide adequate temperatures and humidity etc. in my cold apartment?
> I figure I could make some sort of mini greenhouse with an aquarium, but I don't
> know the best way to keep the temperature up.

For supplying heat, the cheapest way to go may be to go to a Salvation Army or
Value Village, or other place that sells used items very cheaply, and buy a
used waterbed heater with its thermostat. Check in the store to make certain
that it actually warm up when plugged in, however. This is can be set under a
used shower curtain with soil on top of it to make a germinating/rooting bed
for a very low price.
  This doesn't provide humidity, however, and I would be interested in learning
of an inexpesive way to maintain it.

Sean Mallory            ([email-masked])
University of Colorado, Denver

Article 840 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!csn!teal.csn.org!wessorh
From: [email-masked] (Rick H. Wesson)
Subject: Request for jobs in plant identification
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (news)
Nntp-Posting-Host: teal.csn.org
Organization: Colorado SuperNet, Inc.
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL4
Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 19:50:37 GMT
Lines: 7

 would like to know if there are any jobs dealing with plant identification
I would like to learn as much as I could, pay need only be enough for survival, Feild work a must. If any of you know of any programs where a college grad could be useful to someone in plant identification please drop me a note. 

many thanks,

-Rick

Article 841 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!destroyer!news.iastate.edu!iscsvax.uni.edu!klier
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Taxonomists: charging into oblivion 
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 25 Jan 93 21:06:43 -0600
References: <[email-masked]>
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Organization: University of Northern Iowa
Lines: 24

In article <[email-masked]>, [email-masked] (C.J. O'Kelly) writes:
> 
> Re: Charging fees for taxonomic services.
> 
> Dammit be careful out there!!!
> 
> Some years ago, the Botany Division of New Zealand's Division of
> Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) came to a similar conclusion,
> that the day of free taxonomic IDs was at an end.  Hence they began
> charging.
> 
> From that day these guys were dead. ...

Sorry to hear about NZ taxonomy...  especially for a place with
so many fascinating species.

I'm the curator of an underfunded, underappreciated, and sometimes
overused, small herbarium.  I do IDs gratis, but I've been known
to drop hints to people who DO have $$$ that the herbarium could
use some label paper, or a new flora or ...

And yes, the people who need ID's take the hint about 50% of the time.

Kay Klier     Biology Dept  UNI

Article 843 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!olivea!biosci!Acd.Tusk.Edu!DUMENYO
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: AGROBACTERIUM OVERGROWTH
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 26 Jan 93 15:22:12 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Tuskegee University
Lines: 20

DEAR NETWORKER,

I HAVE A PROBLEM WITH AGROBACTERIUM OVERGROWTH AFTER THE CO-CULTIVATION.

MOST OF THE ANTIBIOTICS I USE SEEM TO BE INEFFECTIVE IN CONTROLING THE 

BACTERIA. DOES ANYBODY OUT THERE HAVE ANY SUGGESTIONS OF IMPROVED PROTOCOLS

OR ANTIBIOTICS TO EMPLOY IN KEEPING THE BACTERIA UNDER CONTROL? I 

WILL ALSO APPRECIATE NAMES OF SUGGESTED COMPANIES WHICH CARRY 

THESE CHEMICALS. PLEASE REPLY TO MY E-MAIL, FAX OR PHONE.  

                  				C. KORSI DUMENYO
				
					PHONE   205-727-8552
					FAX     205-727-8067
				E-MAIL IN%"[email-masked]"	 

Article 844 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!nigel.msen.com!emory!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!The-Star.honeywell.com!umn.edu!msus1.msus.edu!krypton.mankato.msus.edu!lebowitz
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Physcometrilla patens
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
From: [email-masked] (Robert J. Lebowitz)
Date: 27 Jan 93 13:55:32 -0600
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Mankato State University
Nntp-Posting-Host: krypton.mankato.msus.edu
Lines: 11

Is anyone in the US aware of a source of wild and cultivated stocks of
the moss Physcometrilla patens.  I am specifically interested in stocks
which are suitable for genetic analysis purposes.  I understand that
some stocks are easier to obtain protoplasts from than others.

Rob Lebowitz
[email-masked]
-- 
Robert J. Lebowitz           Internet         [email-masked]
Mankato State University     VOX              (507) 389-2540
Mankato MN 56002-8400

Article 845 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!agate!biosci!s.u-tokyo!news.u-tokyo.ac.jp!wnoc-tyo-news!sh.wide!sun-barr!news2me.EBay.Sun.COM!jethro.Corp.Sun.COM!exodus.Eng.Sun.COM!tigerrr!joanie
From: [email-masked] (Joan LeFevre)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: need orchid help
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 27 Jan 93 23:21:15 GMT
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Organization: Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Lines: 16
NNTP-Posting-Host: tigerrr

I'm hoping someone out there can help me ...

I have a mini orchid plant (I've been told it's called a "Moth Orchid"), and I need
some info on caring for it.

The original shoot that bloomed last summer has long since dropped the flowers, and
at the end, new leaves have grown to look like a new plant. Is there a way I can 
cut the new plant off and root it, or something?

Any help is appreciated - I've really grown attached to the plant and would love
to start a new one!

Reply to [email-masked]

Joanie  :-))

Article 846 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!uflorida!pine.circa.ufl.edu!stinger
From: [email-masked] (GUALA)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: RE: Taxonomists charging into oblivion
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 30 Jan 93 00:21:55 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Organization: University of Florida  (ufl.edu)
Lines: 20
Nntp-Posting-Host: pine.circa.ufl.edu
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.3-4

Thank you C.J. O'Kelly for putting up a post that demands
a response and hence, will keep this group active.
Your point is well taken and it may be that in New Zealand 
there is no need for IDs.  That would be the implied meaning
of what you are saying.  However, in the US where I am, there
is clearly a need and a need that many are willing to pay for.
Taxonomy is greatly underfunded IMHO but I don't believe that it 
is due to the demand for compensation for IDs.  I consider ID
work to be busywork that I do for pay or as a special favor
to a friend and the number of requests for me to do it for
pay is definitely increasing, not decreasing.  To call oneself
a taxonomist and do only ID work (a situation that I see often
in university situations) is about the same as calling oneself
a taxonomist and sweeping the floor or collecting garbage (which
is what most of those requesting IDs do {just a side gripe}).
It is not advancing research or knowledge at all.  I suspect that 
the best course is to hire a technician to do ID work and let
the researchers compete for their own funds because the funding
that comes to many programs "because they do IDs" is a hollow
victory.                           Stinger

Article 847 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!taco!csemail.cropsci.ncsu.edu!samodena
From: [email-masked] (S. A. Modena)
Subject: Re: Taxonomists charging into oblivion
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Crop Science Dept., NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Sat, 30 Jan 1993 20:32:38 GMT
Lines: 69

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] writes:
>Thank you C.J. O'Kelly for putting up a post that demands
>a response and hence, will keep this group active.
>Your point is well taken and it may be that in New Zealand 
>there is no need for IDs.  That would be the implied meaning
>of what you are saying.  However, in the US where I am, there
>is clearly a need and a need that many are willing to pay for.
>Taxonomy is greatly underfunded IMHO but I don't believe that it 
>is due to the demand for compensation for IDs. 

I've noticed that University departments have been "consolidating" the
traditional *descriptive* disciplines with the new _adventure_ skills (like
various aspects of mol. bio., advanced modelling, etc.)...and why not?

One year ago, I attended an Extension Service and Computers Conference in
Florida at which a gent from the UK detailed the switch over to a
"recovery of costs" mode for their equivalent of the Cooperative Extension
Service here.  Of greatest interest to me, was the _fact_ that thought
there were pre-existing for-fee ag consultancies, the government's
charging a free seemed to *stimulate* a better offering of services by all
concerned, *promoted* a clarefication in everyones' minds (especially the ag
customer) who best offer what, and the net result was that the total
expendiatures for ag info consultancy has increased several fold in the
last five years with NO ONE suffering a loss in gross income (and the
government agencies being now able to recover 50% of costs on their way to
attaining the goal of 100% recovery)!

Whether in the U.S.A., New Zealand or Timbuktu, any good or service that
has a VALUE will have to seek it's marrket clearing price (the point at
which demand just meets supply--or vice versa)...unless that is a legal or
regulatory sanction that forbids that mechanism.

The implications are clear: if the service that one offers for "free" sees a
precipitous drop in demand when switched to a cost recovery scheme, then
that service is worth *only* the time and effort, but not the cash, of its
previous for-free customers.

In my opinion (and it is an opinion), the real complaint from New Zealand
is: how uncomfortable it is that the true value of my "static" service has
been revealed to the public....with the subsequent withdrawal of public
subsidy.  I can recall (I am 50 y.o.) a blacksmith who still operated in my
small New England town as late as 1955.  For sure, there are still
"smithies" operating here and there, but that is now a "niche" service
that is priced as such (expensive) for those who use the "luxuray" of a
horse, rather than mechanical horsepower.  I worked on a kibuttz in Israeli
(years ago) that recalled that the last draft horses were phased out (in
favor of tractors) about 1960.  Yes, there were horse on the kibuttz...but
for pleasure riding.

So the question for New Zealand is: how are you going to revolutionize the
content, focus and delivery of your ID service, such that it will be
appreciated in the public eye and command at least a living wage?   :^)

Steve

---
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|     In person:  Steve Modena     AB4EL                           |
|     On phone:   (919) 515-5328                                   |
|     At e-mail:  [email-masked]                           | 
|                 [email-masked]                |
|                 [ either email address is read each day ]        |
|     By snail:   Crop Sci Dept, Box 7620, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
         Lighten UP!  It's just a computer doing that to you.    (c)
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

Article 848 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!yale.edu!ira.uka.de!math.fu-berlin.de!news.netmbx.de!Germany.EU.net!mcsun!uknet!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Taxonomists charging into oblivion
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 31 Jan 93 03:09:01 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 21
Original-To: [email-masked]

In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
: Thank you C.J. O'Kelly for putting up a post that demands
: a response and hence, will keep this group active.
: [...]

Yes, things have been a little quiet on bionet.plants recently ...

I've been busy upgrading the operating system on the workstations we
use for image analysis, and completing a couple of papers before
embarking on the next part of the project.  I'd be interested to hear
from anyone who knows about lignin histology (other than acid
phlorogucinol) and, in particular, any information about 'iodine green'
which I believe is used to stain for lignin (but I admit I've never
used it).

	Tony.
--
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751

Article 849 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!rpi!usc!cs.utexas.edu!tamsun.tamu.edu!zeus.tamu.edu!jlw2582
From: [email-masked] (WHITSON, JOHN LEE)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: re: need help with orchids
Date: 31 Jan 1993 17:47 CST
Organization: Texas A&M University, Academic Computing Services
Lines: 11
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: zeus.tamu.edu
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    

What you've described is a keiki.  It is indeed a small clone of your
original Phalaenopsis orchid.

See if you can find a copy of ORTHO books' _All_About_Orchids_.  Around
here, they are available at WalMart, but you might be able to find them
at your neighborhood garden store.  It'll give you pointers on how to
pot up your new dependant.

Congrats.

j.

Article 847 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!taco!csemail.cropsci.ncsu.edu!samodena
From: [email-masked] (S. A. Modena)
Subject: Re: Taxonomists charging into oblivion
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Crop Science Dept., NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Sat, 30 Jan 1993 20:32:38 GMT
Lines: 69

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] writes:
>Thank you C.J. O'Kelly for putting up a post that demands
>a response and hence, will keep this group active.
>Your point is well taken and it may be that in New Zealand 
>there is no need for IDs.  That would be the implied meaning
>of what you are saying.  However, in the US where I am, there
>is clearly a need and a need that many are willing to pay for.
>Taxonomy is greatly underfunded IMHO but I don't believe that it 
>is due to the demand for compensation for IDs. 

I've noticed that University departments have been "consolidating" the
traditional *descriptive* disciplines with the new _adventure_ skills (like
various aspects of mol. bio., advanced modelling, etc.)...and why not?

One year ago, I attended an Extension Service and Computers Conference in
Florida at which a gent from the UK detailed the switch over to a
"recovery of costs" mode for their equivalent of the Cooperative Extension
Service here.  Of greatest interest to me, was the _fact_ that thought
there were pre-existing for-fee ag consultancies, the government's
charging a free seemed to *stimulate* a better offering of services by all
concerned, *promoted* a clarefication in everyones' minds (especially the ag
customer) who best offer what, and the net result was that the total
expendiatures for ag info consultancy has increased several fold in the
last five years with NO ONE suffering a loss in gross income (and the
government agencies being now able to recover 50% of costs on their way to
attaining the goal of 100% recovery)!

Whether in the U.S.A., New Zealand or Timbuktu, any good or service that
has a VALUE will have to seek it's marrket clearing price (the point at
which demand just meets supply--or vice versa)...unless that is a legal or
regulatory sanction that forbids that mechanism.

The implications are clear: if the service that one offers for "free" sees a
precipitous drop in demand when switched to a cost recovery scheme, then
that service is worth *only* the time and effort, but not the cash, of its
previous for-free customers.

In my opinion (and it is an opinion), the real complaint from New Zealand
is: how uncomfortable it is that the true value of my "static" service has
been revealed to the public....with the subsequent withdrawal of public
subsidy.  I can recall (I am 50 y.o.) a blacksmith who still operated in my
small New England town as late as 1955.  For sure, there are still
"smithies" operating here and there, but that is now a "niche" service
that is priced as such (expensive) for those who use the "luxuray" of a
horse, rather than mechanical horsepower.  I worked on a kibuttz in Israeli
(years ago) that recalled that the last draft horses were phased out (in
favor of tractors) about 1960.  Yes, there were horse on the kibuttz...but
for pleasure riding.

So the question for New Zealand is: how are you going to revolutionize the
content, focus and delivery of your ID service, such that it will be
appreciated in the public eye and command at least a living wage?   :^)

Steve

---
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|     In person:  Steve Modena     AB4EL                           |
|     On phone:   (919) 515-5328                                   |
|     At e-mail:  [email-masked]                           | 
|                 [email-masked]                |
|                 [ either email address is read each day ]        |
|     By snail:   Crop Sci Dept, Box 7620, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
         Lighten UP!  It's just a computer doing that to you.    (c)
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

Article 848 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!yale.edu!ira.uka.de!math.fu-berlin.de!news.netmbx.de!Germany.EU.net!mcsun!uknet!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Taxonomists charging into oblivion
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 31 Jan 93 03:09:01 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 21
Original-To: [email-masked]

In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
: Thank you C.J. O'Kelly for putting up a post that demands
: a response and hence, will keep this group active.
: [...]

Yes, things have been a little quiet on bionet.plants recently ...

I've been busy upgrading the operating system on the workstations we
use for image analysis, and completing a couple of papers before
embarking on the next part of the project.  I'd be interested to hear
from anyone who knows about lignin histology (other than acid
phlorogucinol) and, in particular, any information about 'iodine green'
which I believe is used to stain for lignin (but I admit I've never
used it).

	Tony.
--
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751

Article 850 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Plant Bio Seq
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 1 Feb 93 16:33:19 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 8
Original-To: [email-masked]

Dear Sir/Madam,
I am interested in amino acid sequences of plant proteins for comparison
with a partial sequence of a protein I have purified and partially
sequenced from a developing bud of Pistacia vera.  My thanks in advance.
Avi Golan.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Avi Golan

Article 851 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!netsys!pagesat!olivea!charnel!sifon!monod!francis
From: [email-masked] (Francis Ouellette)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Plant Bio Seq
Message-ID: <francis.728570980@monod>
Date: 1 Feb 93 12:49:40 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: McGill University
Lines: 31
Nntp-Posting-Host: monod.biol.mcgill.ca

[email-masked] writes:

>Dear Sir/Madam,
>I am interested in amino acid sequences of plant proteins for comparison
>with a partial sequence of a protein I have purified and partially
>sequenced from a developing bud of Pistacia vera.  My thanks in advance.
>Avi Golan.

Dear Avi,

If you want to compare your sequence to the database, the best thing is
to use the BLAST server at NCBI.

To get started, and to find out how to format your query, send a "help"
message (nothing in the subject field) to :

       [email-masked]

This will return to you (in a few minutes) a document on how to use this
mail server.

regards,

francis

--
| B.F. Francis Ouellette  
| manager, yeast chromosome I & XVI sequencing project
| dept of biology, McGill university, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| [email-masked]

Article 852 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uunet.ca!canrem!dosgate!dosgate![[email-masked]]
From: "tony hall" <[email-masked]>
Subject: pine tree info - wanted
Message-ID: <1993Jan31.4376.493@dosgate>
Reply-To: "tony hall" <[email-masked]>
Organization: Canada Remote Systems
Distribution: bionet
Date: 31 Jan 93 12:44:50 EST
Lines: 17

Does anyone know how to take care of a Pine tree indoor?

Light requirements
Water
pruning.

Help needed soon.

See Ya,
--
Canada Remote Systems  - Toronto, Ontario
World's Largest PCBOARD System - 416-629-7000/629-7044

Article 853 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!olivea!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: cDNA Lib
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 1 Feb 93 23:17:16 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 7
Original-To: [email-masked]

To whom it may concern,
I am looking for a cDNA expression library of wheat or barley made of
reproductive organs, preferably reproductive buds.  Please contact.  Thanks
in advance, Avi.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Avi Golan

Article 854 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!olivea!biosci!CREDIT.ERIN.UTORONTO.CA!oatkin
From: [email-masked] (Owen Atkin)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Susceptibility of plants to aphids
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 1 Feb 93 18:23:35 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 28

In a recent study comparing the growth rates, biomass partitioning and 
respiration rates of alpine and high arctic ecotypes of Oxyria digyna,
our lab noticed that only the arctic ecotypes were susceptible to 
aphid infestation.  Quite by accident, some plants that had been left
unattended over the Christmas break became infested with a large number
of aphids.  The results was that the arctic ecotypes (3 different ones 
collected from Ellesmere Island at 80oN) were completely killed by the 
aphids.  In contrast, the 2 alpine ecotypes (Swiss and Canadian Rockies)
were almost totally unaffected. 

Our group has little knowledge of what attracts aphids to particular plants.
We would be very interested in any suggestions other parties might have on
why the alpine/arctic ecotypes differ so much in their tolerance of aphids.

Some background information:
All plants were grown hydroponically under 24 hour light at 20C
No difference in RGR was observed between the ecotypes
However, the alpines committed more resources to their leaves at the 
expense of the the stems and had thinner, more dense leaves (ie a greater
leaf weight ratio, specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content, but lower
leaf fresh weight to leaf area ratio [thinner leaves]) than did the arctic
ecotypes.

Any suggestions on the cause of the difference in aphid tolerance would 
be greatly appreciated. 

Owen Atkin, Dept of Botany, University of Toronto, Canada
[email-masked]

Article 855 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!olivea!decwrl!waikato.ac.nz!comp.vuw.ac.nz!cc-server4.massey.ac.nz!COKelly
From: [email-masked] (C.J. O'Kelly)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Two lignin methods
Summary: Got an epifluorescence microscope?
Keywords: lignin, autofluorescence, phloroglucinol, histology
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 1 Feb 93 19:15:13 GMT
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Organization: Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Lines: 17
X-Reader: NETNEWS/PC Version 2c

In article <[email-masked]>, Tony Travis
([email-masked]) asks:

. I'd be interested to hear from anyone who knows about lignin histology
. (other than acid phloroglucinol) ...

Only two things I know about.

1: a method for making phloroglucinol preps semipermanent (Speer EO.
1987. Stain Technol. 62: 279).

2: lignin autofluoresces under UV light excitation (lots of refs); for
me, easily the quickest and easiest way to find/show the stuff.

Charley O'Kelly
Mad Phycologist

Article 856 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba bionet.general:3474 bionet.plants:856
Newsgroups: bionet.general,bionet.plants,bionet.arabidopsis
Path: samba!concert!rock!taco!csemail.cropsci.ncsu.edu!samodena
From: [email-masked] (S. A. Modena)
Subject: Electronic access to the Federal Register
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Summary: the competitive edge via timeliness
Keywords: US Federal Register email electronic documents grants
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Crop Science Dept., NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Distribution: usa
Date: Mon, 1 Feb 1993 18:11:04 GMT
Lines: 70

Since the following was posted to a ListServ (and would not appear to
be a 'private' communication), I am reposting it here FYI.

---------- Text of forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 1 Feb 1993 09:14:00 EST
>From: "Jerome McNamara (202) 401-1977" <[email-masked]>
To: Multiple recipients of list AGRIC-L <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: National Archives and Communications?

Jim Whittington,

I'm the Systems Manager at the Cooperative State Research Service (CSRS) of
the Department of Agriculture and I have been frustrated by the red tape and
resistance I had encountered within your Department.  Let me explain, and
perhaps you can help me.

CSRS has been transmitting electronically Federal solicitation notices since
May of 1992.  The purpose was to streamline communications to researchers,
research administrators, and contracts and grant officers to maximize
researchers' time for preparation.  Unfortunately, the Federal Register is
the only notification source of many research solicitations.  Many
researchers and department and grants administrators do not have ready
access to the Federal Register, and, therefore do not have sufficient time
to prepare and submit proposals before the solicitiation due dates.  Making
notices available electronically from CSRS alleviates some of this problem.

My frustration begins with the fact that the National Archives, office of
the Federal Register will not provide my agency or any other with an
electronic copy of the Federal Register.  Instead, we have to read/scan the
documents to see if there are any Grant Notifications from agencies (Energy,
NASA, Education, etc. etc.), and then re-enter this data into our system for
transmission across the internet.

Current Options:
Commercial Services - they download Federal Register tapes and provide
     electronic copies, but are running about a week or more later.
US GPO - The GPO only can publish the "table of contents" electronically -
     not the text!
NTIS Fedworld - No option for the Federal Register

The bottom line is that dealines are still missed, and my calendar says that
it is 1993 and we should share the information locked in our databases and
bureaucracies.  Any help you can provide me to gain access to current
electronic copies of the Federal Register will be greatly appreciated.
Thankyou.

-Jerry
                             Jerome J. McNamara
                              Systems Manager
                 USDA - Cooperative State Research Service
                         901 D Street SW, Room 310B
                           Washington D.C., 20250
                         Telephone: (202) 401-1977
                    Internet:  [email-masked]

  ---- End of Forwarded Message -------

Steve
---
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|     In person:  Steve Modena     AB4EL                           |
|     On phone:   (919) 515-5328                                   |
|     At e-mail:  [email-masked]                           | 
|                 [email-masked]                |
|                 [ either email address is read each day ]        |
|     By snail:   Crop Sci Dept, Box 7620, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
         Lighten UP!  It's just a computer doing that to you.    (c)
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

Article 857 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!paladin.american.edu!news.univie.ac.at!vm.univie.ac.at!A8721DAB
From: [email-masked] (Alexander Seidel)
Subject: textbooks of histochemistry?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (News System - Vienna University)
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Date: Mon, 1 Feb 1993 20:16:01 GMT
Lines: 11

Are there any short and comprehensive English textbooks of botanical histo-
chemistry you would recommand?

Thanks in advance

Alexander Seidel
Inst. f. Pflanzenphysiologie
Althanstr. 14
Univ. Vienna
A-1090 Wien
Austria

Article 858 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!PEARL.TUFTS.EDU!GELLMORE
From: [email-masked] (BIOHEAD)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Key to aphid tolerance
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 1 Feb 93 20:55:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 27

Dear Owen:
If I might be allowed to speculate on aphid susceptibility:

 Aphids carry diseases to which the arctic ecotype might be 
  vulnerable. Plant viruses are transmitted by aphids.

 There might be mechanical features of the vulnerable ecotype, not
  shared by heartier varieties. Stem cross sections might reveal
  protective fibrous bundle sheaths around the veins of resistant
  ecotypes.

 Resistant ecotypes might be hairier (more trichomes, especially
  glandular ones), thus impeding aphid mobility.

 Resistant ecotypes might be better able to form callose slime plugs,
  thereby limiting resource loss to the aphids. Vulnerable ecotypes
  in contrast might freely bleed phloem contents through punctured
  sieve tube members.

These are things I would look for. It is uncommon for aphids to actually
KILL plants. I have seen horribly thick infestations on wild and domestic
plants (Lupines, and roses), but cannot recall having an entire plant
die from the abuse.
                              Best,    George Ellmore
                                       Biology
                                       Tufts Univ.
                                       Medford, MA  USA

Article 847 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!taco!csemail.cropsci.ncsu.edu!samodena
From: [email-masked] (S. A. Modena)
Subject: Re: Taxonomists charging into oblivion
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Crop Science Dept., NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Sat, 30 Jan 1993 20:32:38 GMT
Lines: 69

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] writes:
>Thank you C.J. O'Kelly for putting up a post that demands
>a response and hence, will keep this group active.
>Your point is well taken and it may be that in New Zealand 
>there is no need for IDs.  That would be the implied meaning
>of what you are saying.  However, in the US where I am, there
>is clearly a need and a need that many are willing to pay for.
>Taxonomy is greatly underfunded IMHO but I don't believe that it 
>is due to the demand for compensation for IDs. 

I've noticed that University departments have been "consolidating" the
traditional *descriptive* disciplines with the new _adventure_ skills (like
various aspects of mol. bio., advanced modelling, etc.)...and why not?

One year ago, I attended an Extension Service and Computers Conference in
Florida at which a gent from the UK detailed the switch over to a
"recovery of costs" mode for their equivalent of the Cooperative Extension
Service here.  Of greatest interest to me, was the _fact_ that thought
there were pre-existing for-fee ag consultancies, the government's
charging a free seemed to *stimulate* a better offering of services by all
concerned, *promoted* a clarefication in everyones' minds (especially the ag
customer) who best offer what, and the net result was that the total
expendiatures for ag info consultancy has increased several fold in the
last five years with NO ONE suffering a loss in gross income (and the
government agencies being now able to recover 50% of costs on their way to
attaining the goal of 100% recovery)!

Whether in the U.S.A., New Zealand or Timbuktu, any good or service that
has a VALUE will have to seek it's marrket clearing price (the point at
which demand just meets supply--or vice versa)...unless that is a legal or
regulatory sanction that forbids that mechanism.

The implications are clear: if the service that one offers for "free" sees a
precipitous drop in demand when switched to a cost recovery scheme, then
that service is worth *only* the time and effort, but not the cash, of its
previous for-free customers.

In my opinion (and it is an opinion), the real complaint from New Zealand
is: how uncomfortable it is that the true value of my "static" service has
been revealed to the public....with the subsequent withdrawal of public
subsidy.  I can recall (I am 50 y.o.) a blacksmith who still operated in my
small New England town as late as 1955.  For sure, there are still
"smithies" operating here and there, but that is now a "niche" service
that is priced as such (expensive) for those who use the "luxuray" of a
horse, rather than mechanical horsepower.  I worked on a kibuttz in Israeli
(years ago) that recalled that the last draft horses were phased out (in
favor of tractors) about 1960.  Yes, there were horse on the kibuttz...but
for pleasure riding.

So the question for New Zealand is: how are you going to revolutionize the
content, focus and delivery of your ID service, such that it will be
appreciated in the public eye and command at least a living wage?   :^)

Steve

---
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|     In person:  Steve Modena     AB4EL                           |
|     On phone:   (919) 515-5328                                   |
|     At e-mail:  [email-masked]                           | 
|                 [email-masked]                |
|                 [ either email address is read each day ]        |
|     By snail:   Crop Sci Dept, Box 7620, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
         Lighten UP!  It's just a computer doing that to you.    (c)
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

Article 846 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!uflorida!pine.circa.ufl.edu!stinger
From: [email-masked] (GUALA)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: RE: Taxonomists charging into oblivion
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 30 Jan 93 00:21:55 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
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Organization: University of Florida  (ufl.edu)
Lines: 20
Nntp-Posting-Host: pine.circa.ufl.edu
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.3-4

Thank you C.J. O'Kelly for putting up a post that demands
a response and hence, will keep this group active.
Your point is well taken and it may be that in New Zealand 
there is no need for IDs.  That would be the implied meaning
of what you are saying.  However, in the US where I am, there
is clearly a need and a need that many are willing to pay for.
Taxonomy is greatly underfunded IMHO but I don't believe that it 
is due to the demand for compensation for IDs.  I consider ID
work to be busywork that I do for pay or as a special favor
to a friend and the number of requests for me to do it for
pay is definitely increasing, not decreasing.  To call oneself
a taxonomist and do only ID work (a situation that I see often
in university situations) is about the same as calling oneself
a taxonomist and sweeping the floor or collecting garbage (which
is what most of those requesting IDs do {just a side gripe}).
It is not advancing research or knowledge at all.  I suspect that 
the best course is to hire a technician to do ID work and let
the researchers compete for their own funds because the funding
that comes to many programs "because they do IDs" is a hollow
victory.                           Stinger

Article 859 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Susceptibility of plants to aphids
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 2 Feb 93 09:59:33 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>; from "Owen Atkin" at Feb 1, 93 9:11 pm
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 44
Original-To: [email-masked] (Owen Atkin)
Original-Cc: [email-masked], [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.3 PL11]

Owen Atkin said:
> 
> Dear Tony,
> 
> Thanks for your reply concerning my inquiry about the aphid/alpine-arctic

I hope you don't mind if I post a reply here Owen: you've raised an
issue that may be interesting to discuss further on bionet.plants.

> question.  Your suggestion that the aphids may be predating the thinner alpine
> leaves because of easier access to the phloem is a good one - only 
> problem is that the aphids actually infested the thicker leaves of the 
> arctic ecotypes, rather than the leaves of the alpine.  I may have made a 
> mistake in the message I sent out to bionet.plants.

Maybe the phloem is nearer the surface or more easily accessible in the
arctic ecotypes?

> In a few weeks I will look more closely at the internal leaf anatomy of the
> leaves (with Dr Nancy Dengler).  This may give some indication as to 
> whether the leaves differ  iways that may help resist aphids

We've just written a couple of papers (in press) about the use of image
analysis to measure cell wall thickness and other anatomical features
automatically:

Travis, A.J., Murison, S.D. & Chesson, A. (1993).  Estimation of plant
	cell wall thickness and cell size by image skeletonization, Journal
	of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 120, xx-xx.

Travis, A.J., Murison, S.D., Chesson,A. & Walker, K.C. (1993). 
	Quantitative measurement of stem anatomy as an indicator of
	varietal performance.  Aspects of Applied Biology, Physiology of
	Varieties, 34, xx-xx.

Perhaps it would be interesting to compare your leaves using a similar
technique?

	Tony.
-- 
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751

Article 860 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba bionet.general:3484 bionet.plants:860
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!stanford.edu!hsdndev!nmr-z!OCHRE.MGH.HARVARD.EDU!CHERRY
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.general,bionet.plants,bionet.arabidopsis
Subject: crossposting (re: electronic access to the federal register)
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 2 Feb 93 04:33:42 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (User for USENET news postings)
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: usa
Organization: Molecular Biology - Mass Gen Hospital
Lines: 19
Nntp-Posting-Host: ochre.mgh.harvard.edu

Caution: Crossposting is good for usenet readers of bionet groups.
However it is bad for those that receive these messages via one of the
BioSci mailing lists. The usenet software only transmits one copy of
the message eventhough it can be read in several newsgroups. This is
the source of the problem with the mailing lists. The mailing list
corresponding to the first newsgroup stated for a posting gets the
message. The second and any following groups will only be available to
the usenet readers and not to the mailing list readers.  Thus this
message (which was posted to: bionet.general, bionet.plants, and
bionet.arabidopsis) will be received by the mailing list for
bionet.general while the bionet.plants and bionet.arabidopsis mailing
lists will not.

I'd guess that those reading the Plants and Arabidopsis mailing lists
represent a large percentage of the total readers of the group. This
is probably true for several other bionet groups as well. Thus it is
my recommendation that crossposting should not be used.

Mike Cherry

Article 861 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!paladin.american.edu!news.univie.ac.at!vm.univie.ac.at!A8471DAB
From: [email-masked] (Dr. Ch. Wawrosch/Prof.Dr. B. Kopp)
Subject: Ayurveda medicinal plants
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (News System - Vienna University)
Nntp-Posting-Host: helios.edvz.univie.ac.at
Organization: University of Vienna
Date: Tue, 2 Feb 1993 14:39:44 GMT
Lines: 18

Hi
here at the Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, we have a
project going on dealing with traditional medicinal plants used in the
Indian Ayurveda medicine.
Our main problem is that it's very difficult to get original plant
material (drugs as well as voucher specimens) for systematical
examination (microscopy, chemistry etc.): the people who sell the drugs
in India mostly do not cooperate, means they do not reveal where they
get their drugs from.
Does ANYONE know adresses of botanical gardens (e.g. in Delhi), breeders,
cultivators etc. etc.??? Or does anyone know other people who could help
us? Any telephone number, adress, fax nr. etc. could help us.
We would be very pleased if anyone could help us.
Sincerely,

Chris
([email-masked])

Article 862 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba bionet.general:3485 bionet.plants:862
Newsgroups: bionet.general,bionet.plants,bionet.arabidopsis
Path: samba!concert!gatech!darwin.sura.net!newsserver.jvnc.net!yale.edu!cs.yale.edu!not-for-mail
From: [email-masked] (Matthew Weed)
Subject: other minorities in biology was re: Sticking to WOMEN IN BIOLOGY\
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Lines: 19
Sender: [email-masked] (Usenet News)
Nntp-Posting-Host: zoo-gw.cs.yale.edu
Organization: Yale University Computer Science Dept., New Haven, CT 06520-2158
References: <[email-masked]> <[email-masked]>
Distribution: usa
Date: Tue, 2 Feb 1993 15:06:57 GMT

Sadly, women are not the only "minority" which is discriminated against in the sciences.
I, as a blind person, suffer from many preconceptions about my abilities in the sciences, which I have had to work very hard to overcome.
Yes, there are some things I can not do, such as microscope work, (or at least not with the acuracy of sighted persons), micro disection, and many other lab-related tasks.
However, I can learn the implications of the material as well as any other student, and, given a little extra help, can perform as well as other students in my classes.
Another area which is often a problem for me, is something which sighted people would never consider.  Doubtless many here work in large university-based laboratories where equipment is strewn around rather haphazzardly.  
For me, this is a problem, since many of the objects found in lab are things which 
are smaller in terms of floor space than they are in area coverage at say head level.
I have had more than a few graduate students save both me and expensive eqwuipment from serious damage in the nick of time.
This is particularly frustrating, when the equipment flows out of laboratories and into hallways.
This happens frequently, and makes it difficult for me to see my professors in lab, as their labs may be some distance from the elevator, and so I have to pass by labs which are not very conscientious about keeping their extra refrigerators, autoclaves, e

tc out of the hallways.
 Ihope that a few people will read this post, and think twice about where they put things in lab buildings, as people less able to deal with their placement may need to pass through the hallway, room, etc where they have left their equipment.
I am happy to discuss the matter further with anyone interested.
You can reach me at the address in my signature.

-- 
"The nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets 
which it must turn over to the next generation, increased and not 
impaired in valued."  --President Theodore Roosevelt
Matthew Weed	[email-masked]

Article 863 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!hobbes.physics.uiowa.edu!news.iastate.edu!vincent1.iastate.edu!adwright
From: [email-masked] ()
Subject: Re: Susceptibility of plants to aphids
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Iowa State University, Ames IA
References: <[email-masked]>; from "Owen Atkin" at Feb 1, 93 9:11 pm <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Tue, 2 Feb 1993 18:27:44 GMT
Lines: 10

Just my $.02 worth, but i had a field of EMS M3 plants (maize of course) im my
summer nursery and i noticed one that was just covered with aphids. They were 
on the sheaths, leaf blades, stems, everywhere. It was a B73 inbred background.
I got 5 seeds from this guy (self pollination). The plant looked otherwise 
normal. Perhaps this is a mutant that accumulates an aphid attractor or
does not produce an aphid inhibitor. I will increase these this Summer. 
Needless to say, they will be pampered.
Allen

Article 863 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!hobbes.physics.uiowa.edu!news.iastate.edu!vincent1.iastate.edu!adwright
From: [email-masked] ()
Subject: Re: Susceptibility of plants to aphids
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Iowa State University, Ames IA
References: <[email-masked]>; from "Owen Atkin" at Feb 1, 93 9:11 pm <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Tue, 2 Feb 1993 18:27:44 GMT
Lines: 10

Just my $.02 worth, but i had a field of EMS M3 plants (maize of course) im my
summer nursery and i noticed one that was just covered with aphids. They were 
on the sheaths, leaf blades, stems, everywhere. It was a B73 inbred background.
I got 5 seeds from this guy (self pollination). The plant looked otherwise 
normal. Perhaps this is a mutant that accumulates an aphid attractor or
does not produce an aphid inhibitor. I will increase these this Summer. 
Needless to say, they will be pampered.
Allen

Article 864 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!emory!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!spool.mu.edu!olivea!charnel!sifon!newsflash.concordia.ca!mizar.cc.umanitoba.ca!etaylor
From: [email-masked] (Euan R. Taylor)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: cereal nitrogen fixation
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 2 Feb 93 22:47:23 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Lines: 13
Nntp-Posting-Host: ccu.umanitoba.ca

A second question, relating to a naive (very) ex[eriment we did some time ago.
If you plant surface sterilised seeds in autoclaved soil, growth is about
1 1/2 weeks behind that of regular seeds in regular soil. What do you
think I could be driving off in the soil tthat might cause this (NH4,
oxygen, ?) we didn't do the other combinations at the time, as I say it
was a very naive experiment that we set up last thing before christmas,
jsut out of interest.

-- 
[email-masked]
dept. Plant Science, U. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3L OH3
"my institution doesnt even know I exist"

Article 860 of bionet.plants:
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Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!stanford.edu!hsdndev!nmr-z!OCHRE.MGH.HARVARD.EDU!CHERRY
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.general,bionet.plants,bionet.arabidopsis
Subject: crossposting (re: electronic access to the federal register)
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 2 Feb 93 04:33:42 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (User for USENET news postings)
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: usa
Organization: Molecular Biology - Mass Gen Hospital
Lines: 19
Nntp-Posting-Host: ochre.mgh.harvard.edu

Caution: Crossposting is good for usenet readers of bionet groups.
However it is bad for those that receive these messages via one of the
BioSci mailing lists. The usenet software only transmits one copy of
the message eventhough it can be read in several newsgroups. This is
the source of the problem with the mailing lists. The mailing list
corresponding to the first newsgroup stated for a posting gets the
message. The second and any following groups will only be available to
the usenet readers and not to the mailing list readers.  Thus this
message (which was posted to: bionet.general, bionet.plants, and
bionet.arabidopsis) will be received by the mailing list for
bionet.general while the bionet.plants and bionet.arabidopsis mailing
lists will not.

I'd guess that those reading the Plants and Arabidopsis mailing lists
represent a large percentage of the total readers of the group. This
is probably true for several other bionet groups as well. Thus it is
my recommendation that crossposting should not be used.

Mike Cherry

Article 865 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!agate!doc.ic.ac.uk!uknet!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: cereal nitrogen fixation
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 3 Feb 93 08:42:41 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 92
X-Pmrqc: 1
Original-To: [email-masked]
Priority: normal
X-Mailer: Pegasus Mail v2.3 (R4).

Greetings Plant People,

On 2nd Feb, Euan Taylor from Manitoba wrote...

>A second question, relating to a naive (very) ex[eriment we did some
>time ago.
>If you plant surface sterilised seeds in autoclaved soil, growth is
>about
>1 1/2 weeks behind that of regular seeds in regular soil. What do you
>think I could be driving off in the soil tthat might cause this (NH4,
>oxygen, ?) we didn't do the other combinations at the time, as I say
>it
>was a very naive experiment that we set up last thing before
>christmas, jsut out of interest.

Now, call ME naieve, and everybody out there please feel free to
shoot me down, but can we for a moment consider 3 little words about
which my PhD revolves...

                    SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS

Now, looking at this experiment from the viewpoint of a
microbiologist gone soils, autoclaving the soil will kill off the
soil microbial biomass, and, more specifically in regards to Euan's
experiment, those portions of the SMB  that could prove to be
beneficial to a germinating plant (N-fixers, possibly symbionts,
possibly mycorrhizae)

Autoclaving is going to kill off 99.9% of the SMB, releasing a flush
of nutrients into the soil. What I have observed happens in this
situation is that there is, within a period of 2-3 days, a massive
recovery of the SMB from the spore bank and those portions of fungal
hyphae that have managed to survive the autoclaving. These then
utilise the nutrient made available from the kill-off, but as the
community grows, it then steps into a period of competition, both
within the SMB and with anything else in the soil (viz, Euan's
germinating plant), for resources that are becoming increasingly
unavailable (i.e. specifically P), which leads to the establishment
of a fairly aggressive community (bugs switch resources to production
of antimicrobial compounds) that may also have an effect on this poor
little seedling.

Now, I have observed this peaking/killoff of the SMB over a period of
60 days in an artificial soil (50% clay, 40% sharp sand, 10% sterile
Organic matter), and, whilst I'm still chewing the data, would be
willing to suggest that what is happening is more or less as I have
outlined it above.

How to put this politely... Listen all you plant people out there.
The processes do not start proceed and end with your little green
things. The Soil Microbial Biomass is the eye of the needle through
which the processes of plant nutrition must pass (both ways, I know,
since root exudates form a vital part of the nutrient supply for the
rhizosphere Micro-organisms).

For  great examples of how to completely ignore the SMB in plant
microcosm work, please feel free to mail me. I have a very long list.

So, let's have it people. All criticism gratefully recieved, because,
as Euan's sig file says, My institution doesn't know I exist either !
(Incidentally, great name, Euan. Not too many of us about !)

And I'ld be very grateful just to see how many other people out there
are working in similar fields to myself. The Title of the thesis is
"The application of Plant Strategist Theory to the processes of Soil
Microbial Ecology". All correspondance gratefully recieved and
replied to !

All the best,

EWEN

***************************************************
*         "Beam Me Up, Scotty,                    *
*               This Planet Sucks !"              *
***************************************************
* Ewen McPherson, Research Assistant              *
* e-Mail: [email-masked]                   *
* Snail : Environment and Industry Research Unit  *
*         Department of Environmental Sciences    *
*         University of East London               *
*         Romford Road, Stratford,                *
*         London E15 4LZ                          *
*         United Kingdom                          *
***************************************************

Article 866 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!agate!netsys!pagesat!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: cereal nitrogen fixation
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 3 Feb 93 13:53:06 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 48
Original-To: [email-masked]

In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
: Greetings Plant People,

Greetings, Ewen.

: [autoclaved soil stuff deleted ...]
: How to put this politely... Listen all you plant people out there.

ok, we're listening ...

: The processes do not start proceed and end with your little green
: things. The Soil Microbial Biomass is the eye of the needle through
: which the processes of plant nutrition must pass (both ways, I know,
: since root exudates form a vital part of the nutrient supply for the
: rhizosphere Micro-organisms).

I beg to differ: the 'process' starts with energy capture by autotrophs
(ie. "little green things") that supply the complex carbohydrates used
by the heterotrophic 'SMB' in their helpful symbiosis - rather like the
symbiotic relationships between plant biologists and microbiologists ;-)

I don't dispute the great importance of the SMB, but the observation
that plants grow readily under hydroponic (or aeroponic) cultivation
demonstrates that the processes of plant nutrition do not depend on the
presence of an active SMB.

The issue you are raising, Ewen, is the importance of SMB to nutrient
availability.  Hydroponic cultivation is clearly only possible because
of the symbiotic relationship between the chemical industry and some
horticulturalists :-(

: For  great examples of how to completely ignore the SMB in plant
: microcosm work, please feel free to mail me. I have a very long list.
: 
: So, let's have it people. All criticism gratefully recieved, because,
: as Euan's sig file says, My institution doesn't know I exist either !
: (Incidentally, great name, Euan. Not too many of us about !)
: [...]

My institution knows I exist in cyberspace, and it knows how much it
cost to get me there but it doesn't know the real value of the journey.

	Tony.
--
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751

Article 867 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!PEARL.TUFTS.EDU!GELLMORE
From: [email-masked] (BIOHEAD)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Come again, Ewen
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 3 Feb 93 15:44:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 12

Ewen (with apologies to netters more conscientious than I when it comes
to SAVING messages):

Your first posting on SMB was not only provocative, it was actually useful
for some of my work. Unfortunately, I deleted it by mistake. If I could
prevail upon you to salvage it and send it to me, that would be great.
(or if any netter still has it around, I'll take it that way too).

                Thank you,   George Ellmore
                             Biology
                             Tufts Univ
                             Medford, MA

Article 868 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!agate!biosci!PEARL.TUFTS.EDU!GELLMORE
From: [email-masked] (BIOHEAD)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Fungicide compositions
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 3 Feb 93 19:25:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 10

I am working on a grant proposal dealing in part with fungicides
and other antimicrobials used to treat crop seeds. Usually seeds thus
treated are coated in bright pink dust to warn consumers not to eat them.
I now have a list of the trade names for many of these microbials, but

Could somebody supply me with a reference that can translate trade
names such as Thiram into a chemical formula? Something analagous
to the PDR for pharmaceuticals, or the Merck Index. 

Many thanks.

Article 869 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!sdd.hp.com!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!news.claremont.edu!cgsvax.claremont.edu!goldsmig
From: [email-masked]
Subject: Russian Botanist's Name?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Lines: 8
Sender: [email-masked] (The News System)
Organization: The Claremont Graduate School
Date: 3 Feb 93 12:44:02 PST

A recent radio broadcast of "Sound Prints" featured a Russian botanist (?)
who gained international fame for his collection of seeds and whose career
spanned the first half (?) of this century.

Can someone help me with the name of this gentleman and, if possible, the
title of his primary work?  Thank you very much in advance.

George Goldsmith

Article 870 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!bogus.sura.net!howland.reston.ans.net!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!biosci!PEARL.TUFTS.EDU!GELLMORE
From: [email-masked] (BIOHEAD)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Thank you for Ewen's msg
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 3 Feb 93 22:04:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 2

Many thanks to Plant Bionetters for quickly responding to my request
to recover Ewen's soil microbial biomass message. I'm all set now.

Article 871 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!olivea!biosci!NETCOM.COM!wick
From: [email-masked] (Potter Wickware)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Russian Botanist's Name?
Message-ID: <Pine.3.05.9302031527.A3894-a100000@netcom2>
Date: 3 Feb 93 23:28:37 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 18

	I didn't hear the broadcast, but it sounds like NI Vavilov, who
not only greatly expanded the collection started by RE Regel in 1890, but
was a hero of the battle of Leningrad.  See the memoir in Diversity
7(4):10, May 1991.  
	Potter Wickware [email-masked]

On 3 Feb 1993 [email-masked] wrote:

> A recent radio broadcast of "Sound Prints" featured a Russian botanist (?)
> who gained international fame for his collection of seeds and whose career
> spanned the first half (?) of this century.
> 
> Can someone help me with the name of this gentleman and, if possible, the
> title of his primary work?  Thank you very much in advance.
> 
> George Goldsmith
> 

Article 872 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!taco!csemail.cropsci.ncsu.edu!samodena
From: [email-masked] (S. A. Modena)
Subject: hydroponic potatoes
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Crop Science Dept., NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1993 03:31:42 GMT
Lines: 26

I'm relaying something from another list becuase it might get a response
from someone reading this list.

Please reply to: [email-masked]  ....and not me.  :^)
  ---------------------Forwarded Message--------------
>From [email-masked]  Wed Feb  3 14:34:12 1993
Message-Id: <[email-masked]>
Date:         Wed, 3 Feb 1993 13:31:21 -0500
Reply-To: Agriculture Discussion <[email-masked]>
Sender: Agriculture Discussion <[email-masked]>
>From: [email-masked]
Subject:      HELP-MINITUBERS
Comments: To: [email-masked]
To: Multiple recipients of list AGRIC-L <[email-masked]>

I am looking for information about propagating potato minitubers
hydroponically.  These would then be used as seed stock, hopefully
bypassing several disease stages.  Is anyone out there in the ether
working in this area or can direct me to someone who is?

Thanks

Don Harris
[email-masked]

  -----------------End of Forwarded Message----------------

Article 872 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!taco!csemail.cropsci.ncsu.edu!samodena
From: [email-masked] (S. A. Modena)
Subject: hydroponic potatoes
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Crop Science Dept., NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1993 03:31:42 GMT
Lines: 26

I'm relaying something from another list becuase it might get a response
from someone reading this list.

Please reply to: [email-masked]  ....and not me.  :^)
  ---------------------Forwarded Message--------------
>From [email-masked]  Wed Feb  3 14:34:12 1993
Message-Id: <[email-masked]>
Date:         Wed, 3 Feb 1993 13:31:21 -0500
Reply-To: Agriculture Discussion <[email-masked]>
Sender: Agriculture Discussion <[email-masked]>
>From: [email-masked]
Subject:      HELP-MINITUBERS
Comments: To: [email-masked]
To: Multiple recipients of list AGRIC-L <[email-masked]>

I am looking for information about propagating potato minitubers
hydroponically.  These would then be used as seed stock, hopefully
bypassing several disease stages.  Is anyone out there in the ether
working in this area or can direct me to someone who is?

Thanks

Don Harris
[email-masked]

  -----------------End of Forwarded Message----------------

Article 872 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!taco!csemail.cropsci.ncsu.edu!samodena
From: [email-masked] (S. A. Modena)
Subject: hydroponic potatoes
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Crop Science Dept., NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1993 03:31:42 GMT
Lines: 26

I'm relaying something from another list becuase it might get a response
from someone reading this list.

Please reply to: [email-masked]  ....and not me.  :^)
  ---------------------Forwarded Message--------------
>From [email-masked]  Wed Feb  3 14:34:12 1993
Message-Id: <[email-masked]>
Date:         Wed, 3 Feb 1993 13:31:21 -0500
Reply-To: Agriculture Discussion <[email-masked]>
Sender: Agriculture Discussion <[email-masked]>
>From: [email-masked]
Subject:      HELP-MINITUBERS
Comments: To: [email-masked]
To: Multiple recipients of list AGRIC-L <[email-masked]>

I am looking for information about propagating potato minitubers
hydroponically.  These would then be used as seed stock, hopefully
bypassing several disease stages.  Is anyone out there in the ether
working in this area or can direct me to someone who is?

Thanks

Don Harris
[email-masked]

  -----------------End of Forwarded Message----------------

Article 873 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!ROCKVAX.ROCKEFELLER.EDU!ralston
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: hydroponic potatoes
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 4 Feb 93 18:07:34 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 7

In response to the forwarded message of Don Harris about
potato minitubers, I recall a few years back that a company
named Plant genetics Inc (PGI) in Davis, CA was producing 
something like this, but I don't recall if it was hydroponic
culture or not.  Maybe this is a start in the right direction?

Diana Horvath

Article 874 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!malgudi.oar.net!caen!batcomputer!cornell!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!usenet
From: Thomas Bjorkman <[email-masked]>
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: cereal nitrogen fixation
Date: 4 Feb 1993 17:54:10 GMT
Organization: Cornell University
Lines: 27
Sender: [email-masked] (Verified)
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
References: <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: 132.236.4.190
X-UserAgent: Nuntius v1.1.1d7
X-XXDate: Thu, 4 Feb 93 12:58:15 GMT

In article <[email-masked]> Euan R. Taylor,
[email-masked] writes:
>A second question, relating to a naive (very) experiment we did some
time ago.
>If you plant surface sterilised seeds in autoclaved soil, growth is about
>1 1/2 weeks behind that of regular seeds in regular soil. What do you
>think I could be driving off in the soil tthat might cause this (NH4,
>oxygen, ?) we didn't do the other combinations at the time, as I say it
>was a very naive experiment that we set up last thing before christmas,
>just out of interest.

Surface sterilizing seeds makes them leaky, and generally reduces vigor
of the seedling (e.g. delays emergence).  Autoclaving soil gives you all
kinds of weird and wonderful chemical reactions that don't usually
happen.  Some of these apparently yield compounds that inhibit plant
growth.  It is often the case that planting surface-sterilized seed is
autoclaved soil produces sick plants.  The reason is pretty obvious:  a
weak host, lots of nutrients available and no competition.  You couldn't
make it much more inviting for pathogens.  Unless the soil is infested
with Pithium, Rhizoctonia or another vicious pathogen, you will do better
planting untreated seed into unsterilized soil.  Work with the microflora
instead if fighting it.

I guess from the  thread that you are studying soil bacteria, so this
suggestion may not be appropriate for you.  If you really need sterile
natural soil, you might look into microwaving it.  It is possible to
sterilize soil without much heating by microwaving in short bursts.

Article 875 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!ONRSDE.AGR.CA!REELEDER
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Fungicide compositions - reply
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 4 Feb 93 21:52:25 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 17

>Subj:	Fungicide compositions

>I am working on a grant proposal dealing in part with fungicides

>Could somebody supply me with a reference that can translate trade
>names such as Thiram into a chemical formula? Something analagous
>to the PDR for pharmaceuticals, or the Merck Index. 

	A commercial source of info would be the W.T. Thompson Co.
set of publications on agricultural chemicals [Agricultural Chemicals.
Book IV. Fungicides. W.T. Thompson, P.O. Box 9335, Fresno CA 93791].
However, a call to a local office of the pesticide regulatory branch
of USDA or EPA should be useful.  They normally have computer
databases with this info.  Also you could contact the manufacturer
directly; they have literature with this info and safe handling info.

Article 876 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!destroyer!cs.ubc.ca!utcsri!newsflash.concordia.ca!mizar.cc.umanitoba.ca!etaylor
From: [email-masked] (Euan R. Taylor)
Subject: is this group ill?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: ccu.umanitoba.ca
Organization: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1993 22:52:52 GMT
Lines: 7

This newsgroup seems to be in very poor health, are plant scientists
allergic to computers? or are there just not many of us around?

-- 
[email-masked]
dept. Plant Science, U. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3L OH3
"my institution doesnt even know I exist"

Article 877 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!darwin.sura.net!bogus.sura.net!howland.reston.ans.net!usc!sdd.hp.com!caen!uwm.edu!linac!att!cbnewse!cbnewsd!att-out!cbfsb!cbnewsg.cb.att.com!djd
From: [email-masked] (david.j.daulton)
Subject: Re: is this group ill?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: AT&T
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Fri, 5 Feb 1993 00:13:22 GMT
Lines: 23

Newsgroup ill?  No, but I think some of us are a bit intimidated.
Most of my garden questions go to "rec.gardens" (and I see Kay
Klier posts both there and here).

I still enjoy reading this group, although I don't understand
much about the carbon cycle, etc.  And I like having the group
around in case I ever need it for any really technical problems.

(In that vein, I plan to post something soon about Mimulus
Moschatus, and ask for theories about what made it lose its strong musky 
scent in the first decades of this century--but I want to make sure I 
got all my facts straight first.)

I suspect there are many out there who read rec.gardens and
this group too, and hold back a bit here.  True?

If NOT true, maybe some of use could cross post some recent items of
interest on rec.gardens, such as...
-- "Let's talk about pawpaws" 
-- "Does anyone have any facts and figures about pesticides banned in the U.S.
but produced here, shipped abroad, and consumed on imported produce".

Dave Daulton, Columbus, Ohio

Article 878 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!LIB.TMC.EDU!GSBS1032%UTSPH.THENET
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: RE: Russian Botanist's Name?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 3 Feb 93 22:04:29 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 15

>A recent radio broadcast of "Sound Prints" featured a Russian botanist (?)
>who gained international fame for his collection of seeds and whose career
>spanned the first half (?) of this century.

>Can someone help me with the name of this gentleman and, if possible, the
>title of his primary work?  Thank you very much in advance.

>George Goldsmith

Probably, this broadcast was devoted to Nicolay Vavilov, a famous Russian
genetisist who collected an outstanding collection of plant seeds from all
over the world and who was arrested and executed at Stalin time. 

Julia

Article 880 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!udel!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!kristoff
From: [email-masked] (David Kristofferson)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: is this group ill?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 5 Feb 93 20:00:42 GMT
References: <[email-masked]> <[email-masked]> <[email-masked]>
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Biology
Lines: 41

[email-masked] (G. Ng) writes:

>In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (david.j.daulton) writes:
>>Newsgroup ill?  No, but I think some of us are a bit intimidated.
>>Most of my garden questions go to "rec.gardens" (and I see Kay
>>...
>>I suspect there are many out there who read rec.gardens and
>>this group too, and hold back a bit here.  True?

>Although I'm not entirely certain of the original charter of bionet.plants,
>wasn't it created for discussion on more botany, research-oriented
>questions rather than horticultural issues, which I think rec.gardens is for?
>-- 
>george ng
>univ. of toronto undergraduate
>molecular plant biology/botany

The entire bionet domain is dedicated to biological research.  Here is
an excerpt from the original charter by Tony Travis, the discussion
leader.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
This newsgroup will initially be open to all aspects of plant biology
(macro and molecular), and if future usage warrants, proposals will be
put forward to form subgroups under the USENET bionet.plant heirarchy,
e.g., bionet.plant.botany.  The discussion leader's interests are in
botany so some of the topics for the group will include the following:

Discussion of issues relating to botany in general, and distribution
of software concerned with the applications of computer techniques in
all aspects of plant biology including, microscopy and analysis of
plant material, image analysis of tissues and intact plants, data
logging and analysis of plant growth by computer.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

				Sincerely,

				Dave Kristofferson
				BIOSCI/bionet Manager

				[email-masked]

Article 881 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!swrinde!emory!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!moe.ksu.ksu.edu!hobbes.physics.uiowa.edu!news.iastate.edu!vincent1.iastate.edu!adwright
From: [email-masked] ()
Subject: Re: is this group ill?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Iowa State University, Ames IA
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Fri, 5 Feb 1993 19:42:54 GMT
Lines: 17

In <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (Euan R. Taylor) writes:

>This newsgroup seems to be in very poor health, are plant scientists
>allergic to computers? or are there just not many of us around?

>-- 
>[email-masked]
>dept. Plant Science, U. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3L OH3
>"my institution doesnt even know I exist"

No not ill, but i for one am frantically getting seed ready (maize of course)
for the summer nursery. I don't know what everybody elses excuse is. ;)
Allen

Article 882 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!esvax.dnet.dupont.com!scolnipa
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: let's revive the group
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 5 Feb 93 22:50:22 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 8

There seems to be a consensus that the development of leaves and 
chloroplasts follow separate and independent pathways.  Some recent 
observations in our lab, however, suggest that there is "cross-talk"
between leaves and chloroplasts during development.  Any useful 
observations out there?

Pablo A. Scolnik

Article 882 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!esvax.dnet.dupont.com!scolnipa
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: let's revive the group
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 5 Feb 93 22:50:22 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 8

There seems to be a consensus that the development of leaves and 
chloroplasts follow separate and independent pathways.  Some recent 
observations in our lab, however, suggest that there is "cross-talk"
between leaves and chloroplasts during development.  Any useful 
observations out there?

Pablo A. Scolnik

Article 883 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!usc!sdd.hp.com!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!caen!umeecs!umn.edu!lynx.unm.edu!hydra.unm.edu!mwfolsom
From: [email-masked] (Mike Folsom)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Looking for Gunnera & Peperomia plants
Date: 6 Feb 1993 01:26:58 GMT
Organization: Dept. of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
Lines: 25
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: hydra.unm.edu

Folks -

I want to do some work on Gunnera and wonder if anyone out
there in cyberspace knows of a source for live plants of any  
of its species.  Thompson & Morgan last catalogue lists seeds 
of one species of Gunnera but I'd really prefer to get hold
of live plants so that would be flowering sooner.

Re: the Peperomias - I'm looking for some very exotic species
of Pep's from South and Central America.  I've been on the 
phone to quite a few Botanical Gardens and Nurseries in North
America to no avail.

Addresses of a nursery or a botanical garden that has them in 
their collection would be appreciated.

Thanks to all -

Michael

_______________________________________________________________________________
M.W.Folsom/Biology/UNM/Albuquerque,NM~87131/505.277.4277/[email-masked]

Article 885 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!stanford.edu!agate!doc.ic.ac.uk!pipex!bnr.co.uk!uknet!daresbury!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: is this group ill?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 6 Feb 93 23:21:57 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 29
Original-To: [email-masked]
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]

In article <[email-masked]> you wrote:
: This newsgroup seems to be in very poor health, are plant scientists
: allergic to computers? or are there just not many of us around?

If you think it is in "very poor health" why not start a discussion
about *your* area of interest.  As others have noted on this thread,
there _is_ a tendency for people to respond to an interesting article
by email and the discussion then 'disappears' from bionet.plants.

However, if you look at the traffic report for bionet over the last
year, you will see that bionet.plants is a moderately active group and
I consider it to be well worthwhile participating in the discussions.

If you think bionet.plants is of low intellectual content then I
suggest you do something about it by example.  I don't think plant
biologists are allergic to computers and there are plenty of us around!

Above all else, please remember that bionet.plants is not a passive
medium and its success, or otherwise, depends on the willingness of
people to participate.  If you find it boring/uninteresting then post
something *you* are interested in and start a new discussion that does
interest you.

	Tony.
--
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751

Article 886 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!usenet.ucs.indiana.edu!sunflower.bio.indiana.edu!delwiche
From: [email-masked] (Charles Delwiche)
Subject: Re: let's revive the group
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Summary: Yes, let's.
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Nntp-Posting-Host: sunflower.bio.indiana.edu
Organization: Biology, Indiana University - Bloomington
References: <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Sun, 7 Feb 1993 04:07:24 GMT
Lines: 81

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] writes:
>
>There seems to be a consensus that the development of leaves and 
>chloroplasts follow separate and independent pathways.  Some recent 
>observations in our lab, however, suggest that there is "cross-talk"
>between leaves and chloroplasts during development.  Any useful 
>observations out there?
>
>Pablo A. Scolnik

Hmmm...  This is just off the top of my head, but how has the
"consensus that the development of leaves and chloroplasts follow
separate and independent pathways" emerged?  I find that a surprising
assertion.  I suppose that it would be difficult to demonstrate
interactions between development at two very different levels of
organization (subcellular vs whole-organ), but I personally would be
surprised if there were not at least some cross-talk between the
various levels of organization.  There might not be direct
communication, but I would expect at least associative coordination.
I say this because I am familiar with the close synchronization of
organellar and organismal developmental pathways in simpler organisms
than plants.

I do much of my work on Charophycean (sensu Mattox and Stewart) green
algae -- the Charophyceae are a class of fresh water green algae that
have a number of interesting ultrastructural, biochemical, and
molecular characteristics shared with land plants.  By "land plant" I
mean "bryophytes" and drier plants like ferns, "vascular cryptogams",
and seed plants.  What we understand of photosynthetic eukaryotic
phylogeny suggests that charophytes + plants constitute a monophyletic
group.  But there is much more between-taxon diversity of chloroplast
form in the charophytes than there is plants, and this lets one make
some interesting observations.

For example in one charophycean order, the Coleochaetales, there is
normally only one plastid per cell (this is also the condition for one
group of land plants, the "hornworts", or Anthocerotae, which are
informally lumped as "bryophytes).  This plastid is a large,
frisbee-shaped structure which is typically appressed to the dorsal
cell wall.  When the alga, which is multicellular, grows, it is
obviously imperative that cell division and plastid division be well
synchronized.  It is easy to see this synchronization if you study a
living organism; the whole operation is meticulously choreographed.

Even more elaborate is the plastid division that accompanies zygotic
division.  I don't want to torture you all with the gorey details of
algal life histories, but in the genus _Coleochaete_ when the zygote
germinates it undergoes a poorly understood set of divisions that
ultimately produces 8, 16 or even 32 cells from the zygote.  The
zygote initially has a single plastid like a (very large) vegetative
cell, and this plastid undergoes a fantastically complex division that
partitions the plastid and its sub-organellar components, and also
associates the progeny plastids with the appropriate regions of the
cell for subsequent placement in the multiple cells that are produced
from the zygote.  The meiotic divisions, plastid divisions, and
cytokinesis are all ridiculously complex, and equally well coordinated.

OK, so you would probably say "that's all very well and good, but all
that happens in a single cell, which is a far cry from coordination of
organellar and organ development".  But for me it provides a vivid
demonstration of the fact that algal plastids are not just randomly
partitioned during cell division and development.  Their development
is in fact quite closely coordinated with the development of the alga
as a whole.  It would not surprise me to learn that plant plastids are
similarly coordinated with the overall maturation of the cell.  Is it
asking too much to jump from there to coordination with maturation of
the plant organ?  I don't know.  Maybe.  I do believe that at higher
levels of organization (the leaf) there are emergent properties that
one cannot easily predict from properties at lower levels of
organization (at the level of the cell, or at the subcellular level).

What do you think?  Is this a complete red herring?

Chuck

P.S.  I like this newsgroup, but haven't had the time to post lately.
-- 
Charles F. Delwiche       |  'O Oysters, come and walk with us!'
Dept. Biology, I.U.       |      The Walrus did beseech.
Bloomington, IN 47405     |  'A pleasant walk, a pleasant talk,
[[email-masked]]|      Along the briny beach'. -- L. Carrol

Article 887 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba bionet.genome.arabidopsis:874 bionet.plants:887 bionet.virology:38
Newsgroups: bionet.genome.arabidopsis,bionet.plants,bionet.virology
Path: samba!concert!gatech!udel!bogus.sura.net!darwin.sura.net!news.udel.edu!chopin.udel.edu!daschaff
From: [email-masked] (Dennis A Schaff)
Subject: Mid-Atlantic Plant Molecular Biology Society Meeting
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: chopin.udel.edu
Organization: University of Delaware
Date: Mon, 8 Feb 1993 19:17:40 GMT
Lines: 17

                     First Announcement for:

The 10th annual Mid-Atlantic Plant Molecular Biology Society (MAPMBS) 
meeting will be held July 15-16, 1993 at the University of Delaware.

For those of you not familiar with MAPMBS, it was founded in 1984 as a means
to ensure scientists in the Mid-Atlantic region of a high-quality,
accessible, and affordable plant molecular biology meeting each year.  The
society particularly wishes to encourage graduate student and postdoctoral
participation in presenting oral reports and posters, and contributing to
discussions.  It is our hope that the plant molecular biology community will
continue to support the MAPMBS as it has done in the past.

For additional information contact:  Dennis Schaff, Department of Plant and
Soils Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303. 
Phone (302)831-2534, FAX (302)831-3651 or E-mail [email-masked]

Article 888 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!darwin.sura.net!bogus.sura.net!howland.reston.ans.net!usc!sdd.hp.com!caen!nic.umass.edu!noc.near.net!ceylon!news.tufts.edu!pearl.tufts.edu!gellmore
From: [email-masked]
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Alt. Agriculture Reviewers sought
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 8 Feb 93 21:29:06 GMT
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Organization: Tufts University - Medford, MA
Lines: 15

Netters: (this group has plenty of professional vitality, thank you very much)

I'm in the throes of a grant proposal to study alternative (naturally derived)
compounds for use in treating crop seeds against soil pathogens. The granting
agency requires that I submit the names and current addresses of FOUR
external peer reviewers. These reviewers should already be members of journal
editorial boards or major research panels (NSF, USDA, etc).

Anybody out there interested in being on my list? Soil microbiologists, seed
pathologists would be appropriate.
                                           Many thanks, 
                                                        George Ellmore
                                                        Biology
                                                        Tufts Univ
                                                        Medford, MA

Article 889 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!uvaarpa!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!agate!biosci!CompuServe.COM!71552.541
From: [email-masked] (Newman/Rabson)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Wetlands vs. boats
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 9 Feb 93 05:37:50 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 57

Ladies and Gentlemen:
 
I am a CompuServe subscriber, hoping to correspond with Internet
users via email. I am trying to locate individuals or interest
groups concerned with wetlands; a fellow CompuServer "cruised" the
Internet for me and suggested that I contact you.
 
I serve on the Wetlands Board of Stafford County, VA. Our Board is
the local permitting authority for activities in the county's tidal
wetlands; we are concerned mostly with mixed-vegetation fringe
marshes on relatively small freshwater tidal creeks.
 
The Board is often presented with applications for activities
(marinas, launching ramps) that we can expect to increase boat
traffic in a given area. We are searching for information that
might help us to answer the following question:
 
How can one determine, even approximately, the carrying capacity
(in recreational boats) of a given body of water? To put it another
way, How much boat traffic can a given body of water support before
it begins to suffer damage to wetlands and marine systems?
 
We know in a general way what consequences to expect. I don't mean
catastrophic events like fuel or sewage spills, although they are
certainly a concern. I mean more insidious, chronic effects like
increased wake battering of shorelines and vegetation, or the
effects of sediment resuspension on the marine environment.
 
We know that beyond a certain point we will start to get damage,
but we have little idea of how close to that point we are. We have
found very few studies that even attempt to deal with the question
- no wonder, really, since there is an immense number of variables:
stream width, bank geometry, soil and sediment types, vegetation
types, natural turbidity, spawning seasons, boating habits, hull
shapes, etc., etc.
 
Even with the few studies we have found that do relate to areas
similar to ours, it is hard to extrapolate because fine points of
the local situation can make huge differences. And we have found
no discussion at all of some very basic questions - specific plant
communities' susceptibility to damage from increased wakes, for
instance.
 
So it may be a foolish question, or perhaps I should say a futile
one. Nevertheless, if you have any suggestion about how I might
find more information on any aspect of it, I will be very grateful.
 
George L. Newman
P.O. Box 167
Hartwood, VA 22471
 
Voice/FAX:     703-752-5135
Email:         [email-masked]

Article 890 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!usc!rpi!uwm.edu!biosci!VM.UOGUELPH.CA!UGG00005
From: [email-masked] (Nanfei Xu)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Tri- & tetra-cotyledons in dicots
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 10 Feb 93 07:33:14 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 28

Hi, everyone:

     I posted a similar message early on this net.  It didn't spark any
discussion, all I received was one response.  I'm really curious about this
subject and need help from you.

     I'm studying alfalfa embryogenesis.  Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a
dicotyledonous plant.  However, there are quite a few tri- or tetra-
cotyledonous embryos from the plants I grow in growth chamber.  The ratio of
di-/(tri- + tetra-) is roughly 3:1 for all the plants with different amount of
fertilizer.  Does anybody out there know why there is tri- or tetra-cots on
dicots plant?  What is the evolutionary relationship of tri- or tetra-cots to
mono- and dicots if there is any?   In general, is tri- or tetra-cots derived
from the fusing of two early stage embryos, or is it from one zygote?  Is there
any description of developmental morphology?  Is this character inheritable?
Any discussion on the net or information to me is greatly appreciated.
Dear Sir or Madame:

******************************************************************************

Nanfei Xu                                 Phone: 519-824-4120 Ext. 8347
Department of Botany
University of Guelph                      E-mail: [email-masked]
Guelph, Ontario, Canada                                    or
N1G 2W1                                           [email-masked]
******************************************************************************

Article 891 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!bogus.sura.net!udel!news.udel.edu!chopin.udel.edu!daschaff
From: [email-masked] (Dennis A Schaff)
Subject: Mid-Atlantic Plant Molecular Biology Society Meeting
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Summary: Dates July 15 and 16, 1993
Keywords: MAPMBS
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: chopin.udel.edu
Organization: University of Delaware
Date: Wed, 10 Feb 1993 13:09:37 GMT
Lines: 17

                     First Announcement for:

The 10th annual Mid-Atlantic Plant Molecular Biology Society (MAPMBS) 
meeting will be held July 15-16, 1993 at the University of Delaware.

For those of you not familiar with MAPMBS, it was founded in 1984 as a means
to ensure scientists in the Mid-Atlantic region of a high-quality,
accessible, and affordable plant molecular biology meeting each year.  The
society particularly wishes to encourage graduate student and postdoctoral
participation in presenting oral reports and posters, and contributing to
discussions.  It is our hope that the plant molecular biology community will
continue to support the MAPMBS as it has done in the past.

For additional information contact:  Dennis Schaff, Department of Plant and
Soils Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303. 
Phone (302)831-2534, FAX (302)831-3651 or E-mail [email-masked]

Article 892 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!POPGEN.BIOLOGY.UMT.EDU!tmo
From: [email-masked] (Thomas Mitchell-Olds)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Flavr-savr tomato
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 10 Feb 93 15:19:56 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 12

Dear Netters:

I want to lecture to my genetics class on Calgene's
flavr-savr tomato.  However, I can't remember the paper
where I read the details.  Can anyone suggest some useful
references?  Many thanks!

Tom Mitchell-Olds
University of Montana

[email-masked]

Article 893 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!UKCC.UKY.EDU!PPA006
From: [email-masked] (arcady mushegian)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: hygromycin B
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 10 Feb 93 17:07:59 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 4

Hi,
   I would appreciate indications on the cheapest source of solid Hygromycin B
                             Thanks in advance
                                              Arcady

Article 895 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!toxic!tyersome
From: tyersome@toxic (Randall Tyers)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Tri- & tetra-cotyledons in dicots
Date: 10 Feb 1993 19:04:32 GMT
Organization: Plant Biology
Lines: 37
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
References: <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: toxic.berkeley.edu

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (Nanfei Xu)
writes:
>[...]
>     I'm studying alfalfa embryogenesis.  Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a
>dicotyledonous plant.  However, there are quite a few tri- or tetra-
>cotyledonous embryos from the plants I grow in growth chamber.  The ratio of
>di-/(tri- + tetra-) is roughly 3:1 for all the plants with different amount of
>fertilizer.  Does anybody out there know why there is tri- or tetra-cots on
>dicots plant?  What is the evolutionary relationship of tri- or tetra-cots to
>mono- and dicots if there is any?  

Your "Tri-/Tetra-cots" are still the same species of plant (alfalfa)which is a
member of the Order Dicotyledones.  Thus, I'm not sure that I understand
this question.

> In general, is tri- or tetra-cots derived
>from the fusing of two early stage embryos, or is it from one zygote? 

I know that many Gymnosperms have *many* cotyledons and this has nothing
to do with fusion so I would suspect that they come from one zygote.

> Is there
>any description of developmental morphology?  Is this character inheritable?
>Any discussion on the net or information to me is greatly appreciated.

A very useful persn for you to contact would be Dr. Kaplan.  He can be
reached at 510 642-4187 or 111 Koshland Hall, UC Berkeley, Berkeley CA
94720

>...
>Nanfei Xu                                 Phone: 519-824-4120 Ext. 8347
>Department of Botany
>University of Guelph                      E-mail: [email-masked]
>Guelph, Ontario, Canada                                    or
>N1G 2W1                                           [email-masked]
 
Randall Tyers     [email-masked]

Article 896 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!agate!biosci!CLVAX1.CL.MSU.EDU!preissj
From: [email-masked] ("J Preiss--Seq Anal")
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: re Hygromycin B, from Lenny B.
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 11 Feb 93 04:09:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 15

Howdy

	I don't know the cheapest source of Hygromycin, but I can tell you 
how to cut your Hyg costs by 10 fold.  Just drop your concentration down
10 fold.  I tested the growth of Agro (LBA4301) on 523 medium for 1 week
and found that 1000 fold below published levels (20ug/ml) still completely
inhibits growth.  I then switched to 2ug/ml Hyg for my plant transformations
and have had no problem with Agro growth on 3 and 4 week old plates (which 
my student forgot to transfer).  Good Luck.

	Dr. Leonard N. Bloksberg
	[email-masked]
	Dept. of Biochemistry
	Michigan State University

Article 897 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!usc!cs.utexas.edu!tamsun.tamu.edu!rigel.tamu.edu!jlw2582
From: [email-masked] (WHITSON, JOHN LEE)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Gibberelin inhibitors
Date: 11 Feb 1993 10:00 CST
Organization: Texas A&M University, Academic Computing Services
Lines: 10
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: rigel.tamu.edu
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    

Does anyone know of an internode-length reducer that i can get my hands
on?  i've been told that Gibberelic acid inhibitors work quite nicely,
but everyone (outside of the Hort dept at Texas A&M) that i've asked has
met my question with a blank stare.

Any ideas?

John Whitson
[email-masked]

Article 898 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!paladin.american.edu!news.univie.ac.at!hp4at!mcsun!uknet!daresbury!daresbury!ajt
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Gibberelin inhibitors
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 11 Feb 93 17:29:42 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 16
Apparently-To: <plantbio@daresbury>
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]

WHITSON, JOHN LEE ([email-masked]) wrote:
: Does anyone know of an internode-length reducer that i can get my hands
: on?  i've been told that Gibberelic acid inhibitors work quite nicely,
: but everyone (outside of the Hort dept at Texas A&M) that i've asked has
: met my question with a blank stare.
: 
: Any ideas?

How about Blue light ;-)

	Tony.
-- 
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Rowett Research Institute,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  phone: +44 (0)224 712751
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |    fax: +44 (0)224 715349

Article 899 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!sdd.hp.com!nigel.msen.com!emory!gatech!udel!bogus.sura.net!howland.reston.ans.net!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!gondor.sdsu.edu!network.ucsd.edu!news.service.uci.edu!ucivax!news.claremont.edu!jarthur.claremo

nt.edu!purves
From: [email-masked] (Bill Purves)
Subject: Re: Gibberelin inhibitors
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (The News System)
Organization: Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711
References: <[email-masked]>
Date: Thu, 11 Feb 1993 21:00:23 GMT
Lines: 21

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (WHITSON, JOHN LEE) writes:
>Does anyone know of an internode-length reducer that i can get my hands
>on?  i've been told that Gibberelic acid inhibitors work quite nicely,
>but everyone (outside of the Hort dept at Texas A&M) that i've asked has
>met my question with a blank stare.
>
>John Whitson
>[email-masked]

Your source was referring to inhibitors of gibberellin synthesis.
Compounds with names like AMO-1618, B-9, CCC, etc.  These will
"dwarf" many kinds of dicots, such as chrysanthemums.  They
result in reduced intermode length but normal size flowers.

(bill)

William K. Purves
Department of Biology
Harvey Mudd College
Claremont, CA 91711

Article 900 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!bogus.sura.net!darwin.sura.net!sgiblab!nec-gw!nec-tyo!wnoc-tyo-news!news.u-tokyo.ac.jp!s.u-tokyo!riksun!rknss1!rkna50!hughes
From: [email-masked] (Martin Hughes)
Subject: Internode Inhibition
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (Martin Hughes)
Organization: Institute of Physical & Chemical Research (RIKEN) Saitama,Japan
Distribution: bionet
Date: Fri, 12 Feb 1993 07:22:53 GMT
Lines: 46

>[email-masked] (Tony Travis) writes:

>>WHITSON, JOHN LEE ([email-masked]) wrote:
>>: Does anyone know of an internode-length reducer that i can get my hands
>>: on?  i've been told that Gibberelic acid inhibitors work quite nicely,
>>: but everyone (outside of the Hort dept at Texas A&M) that i've asked has
>>: met my question with a blank stare.
>>:
>>: Any ideas?

>How about Blue light ;-)

Well, after having "lurked" on this group since its inception, I
finally feel confident enough to comment on something - and
what is more to the point, in direct reply to something by the
Great Tony!!!

Firstly, to answer the guys question.  Yes, GA biosynthesis inhibitors
will work to decrease internode expansion.  Uniconazole or
Paclobutrazol will do the job for you.  (Uniconazole is from a
Japanese company-Sumi7 (a branch of Sumitomo - ICI sells
 Paclobutrazol, maybe under adifferent name).  Can be applied 
by spray, to the roots, or to seeds (with germinated radicles). Seeds
 can be soaked for 1h in1mM (Uniconazole), followed by washing
for 1h in water.  For further info (esp. for Paclobutrazol) see Plant
Physiol. (1992) 100: 651-654.

And, as Tony said so will blue light.

And this, I think is the interesting point.  Several other things will
also inhibit internode expansion.  Recently Frances et al. (Plant Cell
4: 1519-1530) noted the similar photomorphogenic phenotypes
of their light-independant developing pea mutant with previously
reported heat-shocked seedlings - in that both had (amongst
their characteristics) reduced internodes.  Additionally, leaves 
underwent development.  So, the question is, are all these causes
(GA inhibitors, phytochrome transduction pathways and heat
shock treatments) inter-related (and if so, to what level), or
do they all serve to "trigger" the same (series of) responses
in a trivial manner (after all, there are a limited number of things
a plant can do in response to a stimulus!)?  Any thoughts?

>        Tony.
Martin Hughes
Lab. Photoperception & Signal Transduction: Frontier Research:
RIKEN:

Article 901 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!ajt
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: is this group ill?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 12 Feb 93 14:09:10 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 30
Apparently-To: <plantbio@daresbury>
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]

Euan R. Taylor ([email-masked]) wrote:
: This newsgroup seems to be in very poor health, are plant scientists
: allergic to computers? or are there just not many of us around?

According to the arbitron summary posted recently by Una Smith in
bionet.general 175 people were caught actually reading bionet.plants
out of an estimated 6600 who are suspected of doing so:

 +-- Position in Arbitron readership listing
 |      +-- Estimated total number of people who read the group, worldwide.
 |      |     +-- Actual number of readers in sampled population
 |      |     |     +-- Propagation: how many sites receive this group at all
 |      |     |     |      +-- Recent traffic (messages per month)
 |      |     |     |      |      +-- Recent traffic (kilobytes per month)
 |      |     |     |      |      |      +-- Cost ratio: $US/month/rdr
 V      V     V     V      V      V      V
					
1461   6600   175   35%    62   122.8    0.01   bionet.plants

Interestingly, the messages per month comes out at about two messages
per day posted to bionet.plants.  If you remember Jonathan Marder was
concerned that PHOTOSYN subscribers would not subscribe to
PLANTBIO/bionet.plants because of the (high) traffic on this group.

	Tony.
-- 
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Rowett Research Institute,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  phone: +44 (0)224 712751
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |    fax: +44 (0)224 715349

Article 902 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!ajt
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: let's revive the group
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 12 Feb 93 14:24:28 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 23
Apparently-To: <plantbio@daresbury>
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]

[email-masked] wrote:
: 
: There seems to be a consensus that the development of leaves and 
: chloroplasts follow separate and independent pathways.  Some recent 
: observations in our lab, however, suggest that there is "cross-talk"
: between leaves and chloroplasts during development.  Any useful 
: observations out there?

There _is_ a hypothesis that chloroplasts evolved as endosymbionts and
retain vestiges of genetic autonomy but the close integration of their
photosynthetic role with the rest of the cell's metabolic activities in
differentiated, photosynthetically active cells makes it difficult to
believe that chloroplasts develop independantly of the cells containing
them.

Can you elaborate on the recent observations that you have made?

	Tony.
-- 
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Rowett Research Institute,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  phone: +44 (0)224 712751
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |    fax: +44 (0)224 715349

Article 903 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!caen!batcomputer!cornell!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!usenet
From: Thomas Bjorkman <[email-masked]>
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Gibberelin inhibitors
Date: 12 Feb 1993 14:19:28 GMT
Organization: Cornell University
Lines: 18
Sender: [email-masked] (Verified)
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
References: <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: 132.236.4.8
X-UserAgent: Nuntius v1.1.1d7
X-XXDate: Fri, 12 Feb 93 09:19:44 GMT

In article <[email-masked]> WHITSON,
[email-masked] writes:
>Does anyone know of an internode-length reducer that i can get my hands
on?

Getting your hands on the plants will actually work well.  Gently
stroking the stem for a few seconds a day will shorten the internode. 
Internode length responds markedly to the temperature right after sunrise
(colder => shorter).

>I've been told that Gibberellic acid inhibitors work quite nicely.
There are quite a few commercial products used by the bedding plant
industry--these have been mentioned by other posters.  Note that B-Nine
is the same stuff as Alar (daminozide)--you may have trouble getting hold
of it.

So why do you want to shorten the internodes, and on what plant?  Your
answers to those questions may lead to some revised answers.

Article 904 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!CLVAX1.CL.MSU.EDU!preissj
From: [email-masked] ("J Preiss--Seq Anal")
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: re tricots and tetracots
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 12 Feb 93 17:36:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 20

I have seen the variable cotyledon syndrome quite a bit in tomato, and a 
little in other species.  Charlie Rick did some work to show that most 
multicots is tomato are just environmentally induced, and not heritable.
He can change the frequency of multicots with different growth conditions, 
as I recall, but nothing like an all or nothing response.  Just little 
increments.  Some of the multicots are heritable, however, and are associated
with abberant chromosome numbers.  Some of the tomato trisomics routinely 
have tricots.  These are heritable.  This can be an interesting phenomenon,
but most of my plant anatomy and evolution instructors in college just 
showed me stacks of cases of supposedely definative plant parts changing 
numbers (eg, petal number, leaflet number, ovary number, etc) and said that
plants are just plastic like that.  It was good enough for me then, but I
have always thaught this was an interesting question.  Hope this gives you
some ideas to work with.

	Dr. Leonard N. Bloksberg
	[email-masked]
	Dept. of Biochemistry
	Michigan State University

Article 905 of bionet.plants:
Organization: Sponsored account, H&SS Dean's Office, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA
Path: samba!concert!gatech!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!cis.ohio-state.edu!news.sei.cmu.edu!fs7.ece.cmu.edu!crabapple.srv.cs.cmu.edu!andrew.cmu.edu!mf0w+
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: Sun, 14 Feb 1993 08:57:46 -0500 
From: Michel Fougeres <[email-masked]>
Subject: Help! Fungicide!
Lines: 11

I know this isn't the right newsgroup to post this question at but I can't
remember the name of the proper one and this is the one with the closest
name/subject.

Anyone have remedies for preventing fungus from growing on seeds when the 
seeds sprout?  My beans are being massacred in their little greenhouse by
some type of fungus.  Any products?  Home remedies?  Anything appreciated.

Thanks, Ian
(post an answer, don't email because this is a friend's account)

Article 906 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!darwin.sura.net!sgiblab!adagio.panasonic.com!nntp-server.caltech.edu!news.claremont.edu!jarthur.claremont.edu!purves
From: [email-masked] (Bill Purves)
Subject: Re: is this group ill?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (The News System)
Organization: Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711
References: <[email-masked]> <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Sun, 14 Feb 1993 20:34:55 GMT
Lines: 30

>Euan R. Taylor ([email-masked]) wrote:
>: This newsgroup seems to be in very poor health, are plant scientists
>: allergic to computers? or are there just not many of us around?

And then Tony said:

>According to the arbitron summary posted recently by Una Smith in
>bionet.general 175 people were caught actually reading bionet.plants
>out of an estimated 6600 who are suspected of doing so:

There is another aspect of newsgroup activity that may be less visible.
I'm not sure I've posted to this group more than once or twice, but
I not infrequently do an e-mail reply to a post.  I suspect this is
fairly common--one wants to follow up on something, or answer a
question, when it seems likely that either (a) the followup may not
be of general interest or (b) many people are likely to have the
answer to the same simple question and one doesn't want to eat up
the bandwidth.

This group seems healthy to me.  I certainly enjoy it.  I'd hate to
see it reach the activity level of, say, rec.music.classical -- that's
a very interesting newsgroup, but even with the -k command it eats
up a terrific amount of time    :-)

(bill)

William K. Purves		[email-masked]
Department of Biology
Harvey Mudd College		(909) 621-8021
Claremont, CA 91711

Article 907 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!emory!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!rpi!utcsri!newsflash.concordia.ca!mizar.cc.umanitoba.ca!burchil
From: [email-masked] (Charles Andrew Burchill)
Subject: Herbarium database programs, online, Unix, PC, Mac. Question.
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Summary: Need info on Herbarium database programs.
Keywords: Herbarium IBM PC Apple Macintosh Unix
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: ccu.umanitoba.ca
Organization: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Date: Sun, 14 Feb 1993 20:01:54 GMT
Lines: 59

First off I would like to say thanks to everyone on this group for your
past input into my questions.

I am developeing a small herbarium database program for the Macintosh 
(in Hypercard) for one of the research stations at the University of Manitoba.
It has (will have) the following capabilities:
   Online user editible gazetteer.
   Online user editible list of families, that has a corrisponding list of
          genera associated with a selected family (this could be expanded
          to species as well).
   Map of Manitoba (Canada) for marking location of collection, automatic
          calculation of Lat and long if unknown from the position on the map.
   Fields for:
          Family, Genus, Species, Other(var, form, etc...) authorities,
          Notes, habitat, collected by, determined by, lat, long, date of
          collection.
   Will import and export ASCII text files.
   Will print appropriate sized herbarium labels, with map.

I would like to know if there are any commercial, PD, or shareware
herbarium record programs around.  If there are I would like to make sure
that my import and export routines are compatable.

Does any one know if there are any herbarium databases online (over the 
internet and free for access).  If there are could you point me in 
the appropriate direction.  I believe that it would be usefull to
put the manitoba herbarium on line but do not have any suggestions about
how to organize the database.  A Unix based program for this would be
prefered.

Lastly: If any one is interested in the herbarium front end that I am working
on please drop me a note and I will send you a copy.  The current front end
is dedicated for Manitoba Canada, but I would be willing to localize it. 
Any suggestions would be appreciated.  The manual is MS Word format, if 
this is a problem I can convert it to MacWrite, WriteNow, WordPerfect (mac or
PC), ASCII (without graphics).

I am no longer working in the Dept. of Botany but still have contacts there
and would still like to see our herbarium expand. If you have any information
that can not be sent to me via electronic mail it can be sent to the
adress below.
        
Thank you for your time.
cb

Charles A. Burchill.
Dept. of Community Health Science
Manitoba Center for Health Policy and Evaluation
T155E Old Basic Medical Science Bldg., Bannatyne Campus
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
R3T 2N2 

internet: <[email-masked]> 
-- 
Charles A. Burchill                               ,__o 	   //    	      
<[email-masked]>                      _-\_<,   / / 
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada       (*)/'(*)/  /  

Article 908 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!usenet.coe.montana.edu!news.uoregon.edu!news.u.washington.edu!raven.alaska.edu!news
From: [email-masked] (UAF Public Account)
Subject: Re: Wetlands vs. boats
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Keywords: Wetlands
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Nntp-Posting-Host: darkhorse.acf-lab.alaska.edu
Organization: University of Alaska Computer Network
References: <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Mon, 15 Feb 1993 05:24:09 GMT
Lines: 76

In article <[email-masked]>  
[email-masked] (Newman/Rabson) writes:
> Ladies and Gentlemen:
>  
> I am a CompuServe subscriber, hoping to correspond with Internet
> users via email. I am trying to locate individuals or interest
> groups concerned with wetlands; a fellow CompuServer "cruised" the
> Internet for me and suggested that I contact you.
>  
> I serve on the Wetlands Board of Stafford County, VA. Our Board is
> the local permitting authority for activities in the county's tidal
> wetlands; we are concerned mostly with mixed-vegetation fringe
> marshes on relatively small freshwater tidal creeks.
>  
> The Board is often presented with applications for activities
> (marinas, launching ramps) that we can expect to increase boat
> traffic in a given area. We are searching for information that
> might help us to answer the following question:
>  
> How can one determine, even approximately, the carrying capacity
> (in recreational boats) of a given body of water? To put it another
> way, How much boat traffic can a given body of water support before
> it begins to suffer damage to wetlands and marine systems?
>  
> We know in a general way what consequences to expect. I don't mean
> catastrophic events like fuel or sewage spills, although they are
> certainly a concern. I mean more insidious, chronic effects like
> increased wake battering of shorelines and vegetation, or the
> effects of sediment resuspension on the marine environment.
>  
> We know that beyond a certain point we will start to get damage,
> but we have little idea of how close to that point we are. We have
> found very few studies that even attempt to deal with the question
> - no wonder, really, since there is an immense number of variables:
> stream width, bank geometry, soil and sediment types, vegetation
> types, natural turbidity, spawning seasons, boating habits, hull
> shapes, etc., etc.
>  
> Even with the few studies we have found that do relate to areas
> similar to ours, it is hard to extrapolate because fine points of
> the local situation can make huge differences. And we have found
> no discussion at all of some very basic questions - specific plant
> communities' susceptibility to damage from increased wakes, for
> instance.
>  
> So it may be a foolish question, or perhaps I should say a futile
> one. Nevertheless, if you have any suggestion about how I might
> find more information on any aspect of it, I will be very grateful.
>  
> George L. Newman
> P.O. Box 167
> Hartwood, VA 22471
>  
> Voice/FAX:     703-752-5135
> Email:         [email-masked]
>  
>  
> 
There SHOULD BE modelling studies done under Coastal Management Plan funds
and Coastal Energy Impact Program (CEIP) funds from NOAA, Dept. of  
Commerce, Corps of Engineers (related 404 dredge & fill permitting),
University of Delaware Environmnetal Engineering Dept. on Chesapeake Bay,
and other state universities along the Eastern Seaboard for the Inland  
Waterway. 

If not there may be some from San Francsisco Bay Conservation &  
Development Commission in SF, and the State Water Resource Council, and 
US Bureau of Reclamation or Bureau of Outdoor Recreation. Reference
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta boat traffic impacts from boom in activity.

Failing that, a librarian or consulting firm could do research for you.
New electronic library searches via File Transfer Protocol, or even  
easier: The NAtional Archives' Electronic Document Office, and the 
U.S. Gov't Printing Office mega-BBSs.

Article 909 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!stanford.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!biosci!daresbury!buzz.bmc.uu.se!corax.udac.uu.se!sunic!kixtal!bart.mic.ki.se!micjrs
From: [email-masked] (Richard Soderberg, MD)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Continuous light, is it ok?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Feb 93 09:15:27 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: The Karolinska Institute, Sweden
Lines: 8
X-UserAgent: Nuntius v1.1.1d17
X-XXMessage-ID: <[email-masked]>
X-XXDate: Mon, 15 Feb 93 09:23:46 GMT

Is it possible to make a general statement about the effects of
*continous*
light applied to indoor plants? 
My goal is to increase the volume of green leaves, not the protein
contents etc.
(I'm gonna look at my flowers, not eat them!)
TIA
/RS

Article 910 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!wupost!uwm.edu!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!news
From: [email-masked] (Centre For Waste Technology)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Plant distribution in Aussie
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Feb 93 09:55:39 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 19
Original-To: [email-masked]
Original-Cc: [email-masked]
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.3 PL11]

Has Schoenoplectus triquestrus; syn. Scirpus triqueter been recorded for
Australia, Tasmania or New Zealand as an introduction.? 

Am working on the distribution in South Africa of species of the genus
Schoenoplectus and wish to know if certain species have been introduced
to this country and to others in the southern hemisphere

##################################################################

J. Browning
Botany Department
University of Natal
Box 375
Pietermaritzburg 3200
South Africa

e mail [email-masked]

########################################################################

Article 911 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rutgers!gvls1!udel!wupost!uwm.edu!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!ajt
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Gibberelin inhibitors
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Feb 93 11:30:22 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 23
Apparently-To: <plantbio@daresbury>
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]

Thomas Bjorkman ([email-masked]) wrote:
: In article <[email-masked]> WHITSON,
: [email-masked] writes:
: >Does anyone know of an internode-length reducer that i can get my hands
: on?
: 
: Getting your hands on the plants will actually work well.  Gently
: stroking the stem for a few seconds a day will shorten the internode. 
: Internode length responds markedly to the temperature right after sunrise
: (colder => shorter).

Is the plant responding to a mechanical stimulus here, or is it eg.
temperature (from the hands) or damage to the hairs on the surface and
consequent changes is the thickness of the boundary layer ?

Or, is it perhaps a chemical transferred from your green fingers ? ;-)

	Tony.
-- 
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Rowett Research Institute,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  phone: +44 (0)224 712751
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |    fax: +44 (0)224 715349

Article 912 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!ajt
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Internode Inhibition
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Feb 93 12:09:47 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 77
Apparently-To: <plantbio@daresbury>
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]

Martin Hughes ([email-masked]) wrote:
: [...]
: Well, after having "lurked" on this group since its inception, I
: finally feel confident enough to comment on something - and
: what is more to the point, in direct reply to something by the
: Great Tony!!!

Arf, arf!

Seriously, though: this group is what we make it, so don't hesitate to
post interesting/informative/funny articles about your work.

I'm an agricultural botany graduate, and I got my PhD in 1981 after
working for five years in Terry Mansfield's lab at Lancaster (UK) on
the ion-transport mechanism in stomatal guard cells.

Several interesting post-docs later (one of which took me into image
analysis) I work on the relationship between anatomical features and
nutritive value in forages and crops used to feed ruminants.

: Firstly, to answer the guys question.  Yes, GA biosynthesis inhibitors
: will work to decrease internode expansion.  Uniconazole or
: Paclobutrazol will do the job for you.  (Uniconazole is from a
: Japanese company-Sumi7 (a branch of Sumitomo - ICI sells
:  Paclobutrazol, maybe under adifferent name).  Can be applied 
: by spray, to the roots, or to seeds (with germinated radicles). Seeds
:  can be soaked for 1h in1mM (Uniconazole), followed by washing
: for 1h in water.  For further info (esp. for Paclobutrazol) see Plant
: Physiol. (1992) 100: 651-654.
: 
: And, as Tony said so will blue light.
: 
: And this, I think is the interesting point.  Several other things will
: also inhibit internode expansion.  Recently Frances et al. (Plant Cell
: 4: 1519-1530) noted the similar photomorphogenic phenotypes
: of their light-independant developing pea mutant with previously
: reported heat-shocked seedlings - in that both had (amongst
: their characteristics) reduced internodes.  Additionally, leaves 
: underwent development.  So, the question is, are all these causes
: (GA inhibitors, phytochrome transduction pathways and heat
: shock treatments) inter-related (and if so, to what level), or
: do they all serve to "trigger" the same (series of) responses
: in a trivial manner (after all, there are a limited number of things
: a plant can do in response to a stimulus!)?  Any thoughts?

I don't believe blue light is always a 'trigger' - I believe blue light
may also act directly on the ion-transport mechanism itself.

For example, if only 1% of the blue photons incident on the surface of
a guard cell are intercepted by pigments in an electron-transport chain
then the ion-transport mechanism (K+ influx) responsible for stomatal
movements could be driven directly (Travis, A.J. and Mansfield, T.A.,
1981, Light saturation of stomatal opening on the adaxial and abaxial
epidermis of Commelina communis, Journal of Experimental Botany, 32,
1169-1179).

The common factor in many plant responses to shock/hormones/etc. is the
effect these agents have on the cell membrane and transport processes
associated with it.  Low temperature treatment, for example, is known
to make cell membranes 'leaky' and so the cells lose electrolytes.  I'm
interested to know if mechanical stress has a similar gross effect on
membrane integrity in relation to 'hardening' of seedlings by brushing
prior to transplanting or handling generally.

In particular I'm interested to know if the changes in the plasticity
of cell walls associated with 'shortening' (actually, it's a reduction
in growth - the internodes don't get shorter: they grow less!) is in
any way related to the polymerisation of lignin precursors?  If it is,
then what is the underlying mechanism by which plants respond to
mechanical stimuli?

	Tony.
-- 
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Rowett Research Institute,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  phone: +44 (0)224 712751
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |    fax: +44 (0)224 715349

Article 912 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!ajt
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Internode Inhibition
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Feb 93 12:09:47 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 77
Apparently-To: <plantbio@daresbury>
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]

Martin Hughes ([email-masked]) wrote:
: [...]
: Well, after having "lurked" on this group since its inception, I
: finally feel confident enough to comment on something - and
: what is more to the point, in direct reply to something by the
: Great Tony!!!

Arf, arf!

Seriously, though: this group is what we make it, so don't hesitate to
post interesting/informative/funny articles about your work.

I'm an agricultural botany graduate, and I got my PhD in 1981 after
working for five years in Terry Mansfield's lab at Lancaster (UK) on
the ion-transport mechanism in stomatal guard cells.

Several interesting post-docs later (one of which took me into image
analysis) I work on the relationship between anatomical features and
nutritive value in forages and crops used to feed ruminants.

: Firstly, to answer the guys question.  Yes, GA biosynthesis inhibitors
: will work to decrease internode expansion.  Uniconazole or
: Paclobutrazol will do the job for you.  (Uniconazole is from a
: Japanese company-Sumi7 (a branch of Sumitomo - ICI sells
:  Paclobutrazol, maybe under adifferent name).  Can be applied 
: by spray, to the roots, or to seeds (with germinated radicles). Seeds
:  can be soaked for 1h in1mM (Uniconazole), followed by washing
: for 1h in water.  For further info (esp. for Paclobutrazol) see Plant
: Physiol. (1992) 100: 651-654.
: 
: And, as Tony said so will blue light.
: 
: And this, I think is the interesting point.  Several other things will
: also inhibit internode expansion.  Recently Frances et al. (Plant Cell
: 4: 1519-1530) noted the similar photomorphogenic phenotypes
: of their light-independant developing pea mutant with previously
: reported heat-shocked seedlings - in that both had (amongst
: their characteristics) reduced internodes.  Additionally, leaves 
: underwent development.  So, the question is, are all these causes
: (GA inhibitors, phytochrome transduction pathways and heat
: shock treatments) inter-related (and if so, to what level), or
: do they all serve to "trigger" the same (series of) responses
: in a trivial manner (after all, there are a limited number of things
: a plant can do in response to a stimulus!)?  Any thoughts?

I don't believe blue light is always a 'trigger' - I believe blue light
may also act directly on the ion-transport mechanism itself.

For example, if only 1% of the blue photons incident on the surface of
a guard cell are intercepted by pigments in an electron-transport chain
then the ion-transport mechanism (K+ influx) responsible for stomatal
movements could be driven directly (Travis, A.J. and Mansfield, T.A.,
1981, Light saturation of stomatal opening on the adaxial and abaxial
epidermis of Commelina communis, Journal of Experimental Botany, 32,
1169-1179).

The common factor in many plant responses to shock/hormones/etc. is the
effect these agents have on the cell membrane and transport processes
associated with it.  Low temperature treatment, for example, is known
to make cell membranes 'leaky' and so the cells lose electrolytes.  I'm
interested to know if mechanical stress has a similar gross effect on
membrane integrity in relation to 'hardening' of seedlings by brushing
prior to transplanting or handling generally.

In particular I'm interested to know if the changes in the plasticity
of cell walls associated with 'shortening' (actually, it's a reduction
in growth - the internodes don't get shorter: they grow less!) is in
any way related to the polymerisation of lignin precursors?  If it is,
then what is the underlying mechanism by which plants respond to
mechanical stimuli?

	Tony.
-- 
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Rowett Research Institute,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  phone: +44 (0)224 712751
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |    fax: +44 (0)224 715349

Article 913 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!rpi!uwm.edu!caen!batcomputer!cornell!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!usenet
From: Thomas Bjorkman <[email-masked]>
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Gibberelin inhibitors
Date: 15 Feb 1993 14:42:02 GMT
Organization: Cornell University
Lines: 17
Sender: [email-masked] (Verified)
Distribution: world
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In article <[email-masked]> Tony Travis,
[email-masked] writes:
>Is the plant responding to a mechanical stimulus here, or is it eg.
>temperature (from the hands) or damage to the hairs on the surface and
>consequent changes is the thickness of the boundary layer ?
>
>Or, is it perhaps a chemical transferred from your green fingers ? ;-)

It is the mechanical stimulus.  The most familiar example is probably the
curling of pea tendrils when they contact a support.  However, stems are
also quite sensitive.  Mark Jaffe and Cary Mitchell have been working
quietly on this for decades.  A few years ago Janet Braam was identifying
genes turned on (in Arabidopsis) by spraying various compounds on the
plants. .She found the same genes turning on regardless waht she
sprayed--even water.  It turned out to be the same mechanical stimulus. 
Both the growth response and the mRNA accumulation are fast--a few
minutes.

Article 914 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uwm.edu!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!ajt
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Gibberelin inhibitors
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Feb 93 17:38:15 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 47
Apparently-To: <plantbio@daresbury>
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]

Thomas Bjorkman ([email-masked]) wrote:
: In article <[email-masked]> Tony Travis,
: [email-masked] writes:
: >Is the plant responding to a mechanical stimulus here, or is it eg.
: >temperature (from the hands) or damage to the hairs on the surface and
: >consequent changes is the thickness of the boundary layer ?
: >
: >Or, is it perhaps a chemical transferred from your green fingers ? ;-)
: 
: It is the mechanical stimulus.  The most familiar example is probably the
: curling of pea tendrils when they contact a support.  However, stems are

What is the nature of the plant's sensitivity to the mechanical stimulus?

Presumably growth on the contact side of the stem/tendril is inhibited?

: also quite sensitive.  Mark Jaffe and Cary Mitchell have been working
: quietly on this for decades.  A few years ago Janet Braam was identifying
: genes turned on (in Arabidopsis) by spraying various compounds on the
: plants. .She found the same genes turning on regardless waht she
: sprayed--even water.  It turned out to be the same mechanical stimulus. 
: Both the growth response and the mRNA accumulation are fast--a few
: minutes.

I remember the work on calmodulin you mentioned from a previous
discussion on bionet.plants about responses to mechanical stimuli. My
interest in this topic concerns the differences between weak-strawed
and stiff-strawed crop varieties in relation to yield, nutritional
value and susceptibility to lodging.

Do you think is would be a practical proposition to select varieties
that are able to _adapt_ to mechanical stress?  If so, the partitioning
of assimilates into vascular tissue that I believe is an important
factor in reducing the yield of stiff-strawed varieties could be
avoided without the risk of losing the entire crop because of lodging
as often occurs in higher yielding weak-strawed varieties.

	Tony.

-- 
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Rowett Research Institute,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  phone: +44 (0)224 712751
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |    fax: +44 (0)224 715349

Article 915 of bionet.plants:
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From: [email-masked] (John Reed)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Help! Fungicide!
Date: 15 Feb 1993 18:39:56 GMT
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle
Lines: 12
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
References: <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: stein.u.washington.edu

Try soaking them in diluted bleach for about five minutes before planting
them.  You might also try autoclaving the soil, unless it is already sterile.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
John Reed
College of Forest Resources, AR-10
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
Internet: [email-masked]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Article 916 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
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From: [email-masked] ()
Subject: Re: Flavr-savr tomato
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: spock.cc.umanitoba.ca
Organization: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
References: <[email-masked]>
Distribution: bionet
Date: Mon, 15 Feb 1993 18:59:18 GMT
Lines: 35

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (Thomas Mitchell-Olds) writes:
>
>Dear Netters:
>
>I want to lecture to my genetics class on Calgene's
>flavr-savr tomato.  However, I can't remember the paper
>where I read the details.  Can anyone suggest some useful
>references?  Many thanks!
>
>Tom Mitchell-Olds
>University of Montana
>
>[email-masked]

I don't know whether they have ever formally published the details of their
work. However, I can cite a couple of recent articles on the subject:

Gray et al. (1992) Molecular biology of fruit ripening and its manipulation
with antisense genes. Plant. Mol. Biol. 19:69-87. (review article)

Tieman et al. (1992) An antisense pectin methylesterase gene alters pectin
chemistry and soluble solids in tomato fruit. Plant Cell 4:667-679.

Neither of these papers is from Calgene. As one might expect many groups
appear to be pursuing similar strategies.

===============================================================================
Brian Fristensky                | 
Department of Plant Science     |  Six days shall thou work, 
University of Manitoba          |  and do all thou art able
Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2  CANADA    |  The seventh the same 
[email-masked]          |  and clean out the stable
Office phone:   204-474-6085    | 
FAX:            204-261-5732    |
===============================================================================

Article 917 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!rpi!utcsri!torn!nott!cunews!freenet.carleton.ca!Freenet.carleton.ca!aa365
From: [email-masked] (Kenneth Werk)
Subject: Feeding pumpkins directly through phloem
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked] (News Administrator)
Reply-To: [email-masked] (Kenneth Werk)
Organization: The National Capital Freenet
Date: Mon, 15 Feb 1993 19:27:53 GMT
Lines: 13

Does anyone have information on whether it is possible to feed a pumpkin
fruit nutrients or sugars directly through its stem? 

Thanks

Ken

Article 918 of bionet.plants:
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From: [email-masked] (Una Smith)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: is this group ill?
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Date: 15 Feb 1993 15:40:16 -0500
Organization: Yale University Science & Engineering UNIX(tm), New Haven, CT 06520-2158
Lines: 36
Distribution: bionet
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
References: <[email-masked]> <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: minerva.cis.yale.edu
Summary: Do you mean there isn't enough traffic for you?

Euan R. Taylor ([email-masked]) wrote:

>: This newsgroup seems to be in very poor health, are plant scientists
>: allergic to computers? or are there just not many of us around?

There are quite a few alternatives:  the sci.bio newsgroup has been
unusually interesting lately, and there are various mailing lists,
particularly TAXACOM and PHOTOSYN.  And both of those lists have
personal e-mail directories, which encourages biologists to write
to one another directly.  Also, the ECOLOG-L mailing list has about
800 subscribers, according to the list owner, and I would guess that
more than half of those are plant ecologists.

[email-masked] writes:

>According to the arbitron summary posted recently by Una Smith in
>bionet.general 175 people were caught actually reading bionet.plants
>out of an estimated 6600 who are suspected of doing so:

First off, I'd say ignore the estimated total readership.  For various
reasons it is likely to be way off.  The arbitron system reports data
only for those sites where someone bothers to run the reporting program,
so there are big distributional biases and a lot of error.  The number
of people "caught" may well include those unfortunate novices who use
a Usenet reader configured to automatically subscribe to *all* newsgroups
and who get confused and discouraged the first time and never look at
Usenet again.

On the other hand, these figures do not take into account the number
of e-mail subscribers to bionet.plants.

-- 

      Una Smith      Biology Department       [email-masked]
                     Yale University
                     New Haven, CT  06511

Article 919 of bionet.plants:
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From: Thomas Bjorkman <[email-masked]>
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Internode inhibition
Date: 15 Feb 1993 20:48:47 GMT
Organization: Cornell University
Lines: 43
Sender: [email-masked] (Verified)
Distribution: world
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References: <[email-masked]>
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X-XXDate: Mon, 15 Feb 93 15:48:48 GMT

In article <[email-masked]> Tony Travis,
[email-masked] writes:
>My interest in this topic concerns the differences between weak-strawed
>and stiff-strawed crop varieties in relation to yield, nutritional
>value and susceptibility to lodging.
>
>Do you think is would be a practical proposition to select varieties
>that are able to _adapt_ to mechanical stress?  If so, the partitioning
>of assimilates into vascular tissue that I believe is an important
>factor in reducing the yield of stiff-strawed varieties could be
>avoided without the risk of losing the entire crop because of lodging
>as often occurs in higher yielding weak-strawed varieties.

The pea tendrils curve the same way whatever the direction of the
stimulus--it is a nastic movement.  The curvatrue is set in  the
structure of the tissue, the mechanical stimulus triggers it but provides
no directional information.

Regarding lodging in grains, I am not sure that the mechanical adaptation
would be effective.  The stiffening would have to occur suring stem
elongation to accomodate a stress occurring much later during seed fill. 
Therefore the plant would have to make the stem stiff enough for some
future condition, and one might as well put it in the constitutive
program.  Having the growing point at the bottom could be a problem, but
I wonder aht would happen if one were to start flexing the stem a little
each day starting at the boot stage.  Seems easy enough to try.

Now that I've shown how little I appreciate the subtleties of your
research, I'll tell you about a similar case that does seem to work.  I
am working with tomato transplants that are grown about 10 mm on center. 
They get crowded and elongate for the usual reasons.  The stems are not
very strong since they are supporting eachother, so that on transplanting
in the field, they do break off fairly easily.  Stroking the canopy slows
the growth by about 20% and makes the stems somewhat tougher.  The stems
are also slightly thinner and the leaf area is smaller than the controls.
 However, putting up an impediment for the plants to push against for a
few hours a day makes the stems tougher and thicker without reducing the
leaf area.  Apparently the stimuli are interpreted differently.  

One question I am actually doing research on is how the tomato interprets
different kinds of petting. :-).  If only William Proxmire were still in
the Senate, I'd be a shoo-in for the Golden Fleece award--even though
this is a money issue for on American industry.

Article 920 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!wupost!uwm.edu!biosci!PEARL.TUFTS.EDU!GELLMORE
From: [email-masked] (BIOHEAD)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Pachy-pumpkins
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Feb 93 20:58:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 17

Ken, feeding pumpkins is a local pastime around northern suburbs of Boston.
Every October, there are "hefty" prizes awarded at the Topsfield Fair
to the heaviest pumpkin to weigh in. Last year's winner weighed more
than 630 lbs!! 

I have talked with friends of people who nurture these pumpkins, and have
been told that the fruit are fed MILK into their pedicels as they grow.
I have not seen this done, just heard about it 2nd hand, but on several
occasions. It may be a bucolic ruse, or in fact a viable practice.

Any other State Fair fans heard about this botanical analog to foie-gras?

                                     George Ellmroe
                                            Ellmore
                                     Biology Dept.
                                     Tufts Univ.
                                     Medford MA

Article 921 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!wupost!uwm.edu!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!ajt
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: is this group ill?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Feb 93 23:56:40 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 27
Apparently-To: plantbio@daresbury
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]

Una Smith ([email-masked]) wrote:
: [...]
: [email-masked] writes:
: 
: >According to the arbitron summary posted recently by Una Smith in
: >bionet.general 175 people were caught actually reading bionet.plants
: >out of an estimated 6600 who are suspected of doing so:
: 
: First off, I'd say ignore the estimated total readership.  For various
: reasons it is likely to be way off.  The arbitron system reports data
: [...]

I thought the sarcastic tone of my message was self-evident, Una ;-(

Yes, I agree arbitron results are misleading: but you posted them and I
simply quoted what was of interest to this group.  I read this group by
email and I'm sure I am not alone ...

What was your intention in posting the arbitron ratings to
bionet.general and then demolishing my (light hearted) use of them?

	Tony.
-- 
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Rowett Research Institute,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  phone: +44 (0)224 712751
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |    fax: +44 (0)224 715349

Article 918 of bionet.plants:
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From: [email-masked] (Una Smith)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: is this group ill?
Followup-To: bionet.plants
Date: 15 Feb 1993 15:40:16 -0500
Organization: Yale University Science & Engineering UNIX(tm), New Haven, CT 06520-2158
Lines: 36
Distribution: bionet
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
References: <[email-masked]> <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: minerva.cis.yale.edu
Summary: Do you mean there isn't enough traffic for you?

Euan R. Taylor ([email-masked]) wrote:

>: This newsgroup seems to be in very poor health, are plant scientists
>: allergic to computers? or are there just not many of us around?

There are quite a few alternatives:  the sci.bio newsgroup has been
unusually interesting lately, and there are various mailing lists,
particularly TAXACOM and PHOTOSYN.  And both of those lists have
personal e-mail directories, which encourages biologists to write
to one another directly.  Also, the ECOLOG-L mailing list has about
800 subscribers, according to the list owner, and I would guess that
more than half of those are plant ecologists.

[email-masked] writes:

>According to the arbitron summary posted recently by Una Smith in
>bionet.general 175 people were caught actually reading bionet.plants
>out of an estimated 6600 who are suspected of doing so:

First off, I'd say ignore the estimated total readership.  For various
reasons it is likely to be way off.  The arbitron system reports data
only for those sites where someone bothers to run the reporting program,
so there are big distributional biases and a lot of error.  The number
of people "caught" may well include those unfortunate novices who use
a Usenet reader configured to automatically subscribe to *all* newsgroups
and who get confused and discouraged the first time and never look at
Usenet again.

On the other hand, these figures do not take into account the number
of e-mail subscribers to bionet.plants.

-- 

      Una Smith      Biology Department       [email-masked]
                     Yale University
                     New Haven, CT  06511

Article 922 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!wupost!uunet!biosci!CLVAX1.CL.MSU.EDU!preissj
From: [email-masked] ("J Preiss--Seq Anal")
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: re Help Fungus   :-(
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 16 Feb 93 03:14:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 28

Hi Ian

	Well, my favorite remedy is Captan, but many people like Thyram
these days.  I always dust all my seed samples with dry captan.  Just dump
enough into the pa
enough into the envelope so that after shaking things aroung (in a well 
ventilated space) there is a small residual that drops to the bottom of
the packet.  In addition, if more is required, I use a soil drench (mixed
according to the directions).  It is important to use the drench as a 
pre-emptive measure when you know it will be needed.  I rarely have better
than a 10% survival rate after I see symptoms.  The reason I prefer Captan
is because you can use it as a soil drench as well as a seed treatment. 
Thyram is only a seed treatment, and then you need to buy the Captan for
a soil drench also.  Hope this helps.

	Lenny Bloksberg
	[email-masked]
	Michigan State University

ps To give you an idea of the intense need for control of fungus here in 
Lansing MI, I will tell you a common expression that the locals use here.
"It will be a sunny day in Lansing before I do that again"  :-}

		Good Luck    ---<--@   

Article 923 of bionet.plants:
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From: [email-masked] (Una Smith)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: is this group ill?
Date: 15 Feb 1993 22:58:14 -0500
Organization: Yale University Science & Engineering UNIX(tm), New Haven, CT 06520-2158
Lines: 46
Distribution: bionet
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
References: <[email-masked]> <[email-masked]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: minerva.cis.yale.edu

Tony Travis <[email-masked]> wrote:

>: >According to the arbitron summary posted recently by Una Smith in
>: >bionet.general 175 people were caught actually reading bionet.plants
>: >out of an estimated 6600 who are suspected of doing so:

I replied:

>: First off, I'd say ignore the estimated total readership.  For various
>: reasons it is likely to be way off.  The arbitron system reports data
>: [...]

Tony replied back:

>I thought the sarcastic tone of my message was self-evident, Una ;-(
>[...]
>What was your intention in posting the arbitron ratings to
>bionet.general and then demolishing my (light hearted) use of them?

Tony, you're reading much more into this than I intended. Although
I caught (oops :-) your sarcasm, I thought you were being sarcastic
about "reading bionet.plants", not the number "6600", given that you
offered the statistic of 175 "actual" readers to the person who seems
to think the group is suffering from narcolepsy?  (Isn't "asleep" a
nicer way of putting it than "dull"?)  Anyway, I reported the arbitron
stats in bionet.general, but I neglected to mention the companion
report that discusses sources of error, so since you touched on the
issue, I thought it worth mentioning some of them.  That's all!

I like bionet.plants, by the way.  Perhaps you were miffed by the
list of alteratives to bionet.plants that I gave, which you edited
out of your reply?  I should say I mentioned them as a rejoinder to
the original question about botanists not liking to use computers,
not as "better" alternatives to bionet.plants.  There are lots of
us, but there are also lots of ways to spend any personal e-mail or
Usenet quota, and we can't all be active here.  Subscribe to all
those mailing lists together, and you'll have more stuff in your
mailbox than you can stand to read!

-- 

      Una Smith      Biology Department       [email-masked]
                     Yale University
                     New Haven, CT  06511

Article 924 of bionet.plants:
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From: [email-masked] ("J Preiss--Seq Anal")
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: re Flavr-savr tomato
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 16 Feb 93 04:36:00 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 13

As I recall, the flavr-savr tomato was made by putting the polygalacturonase
gene into one of the RIN or NOR or NR ripening mutants.  I think it was NR.
They used the PG gene from the paper by Della-Penna and Alexander PNAS 1986
I think.  I could be wrong, but I have spoken to several people from Calgene,
and I know they told me that this is how they made some of the early varieties.

	Hope this helps

	Lenny Bloksberg
	[email-masked]

Article 925 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!usc!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!The-Star.honeywell.com!umn.edu!msus1.msus.edu!krypton.mankato.msus.edu!lebowitz
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: agrobacterium pictures
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
From: [email-masked] (Robert J. Lebowitz)
Date: 16 Feb 93 09:29:17 -0600
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Mankato State University
Nntp-Posting-Host: krypton.mankato.msus.edu
Lines: 16

I'm in the finishing phases of writing a book on plant biotechnology.
One of the last details I have to deal with involves the illustrations
for the various chapters.  I am presently looking for a nice, ugly crown
gall on any dicot plant to include in the book.  I am also looking for a
nice picture of a typical wild-type Ti plasmid that identifies some of
the more important portions of the plasmid, such as the T-DNA, the
virulence genes region, the opine synthase and catabolism genes, etc.
If you have a stock drawing or photo of these, I'd appreciate a copy.
We'll acknowledge you under the illustration as the contributor in
return for your effort.  

Thanks.... Rob 
-- 
Robert J. Lebowitz           Internet         [email-masked]
Mankato State University     VOX              (507) 389-2540
Mankato MN 56002-8400

Article 926 of bionet.plants:
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!rgonzale
From: [email-masked] (Rico A Gonzalez)
Subject: Whole Plant Research Equipment - What Do You Recommend?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Nntp-Posting-Host: top.magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu
Organization: The Ohio State University
Date: Tue, 16 Feb 1993 16:18:53 GMT
Lines: 40

I am in the process of setting of a whole plant physiology lab and
could really use some input on equipment selection.  I have had
some experience with certain types of equipment but would
appreciate comments and opinions on vendors and specific models.

Please reply to me directly (r) through email and THANKS, in
advance.

Here's what I am looking for:

Pressure Bomb -     I have used the Model 3005 from Soilmoisture
                    Equipment.  It is adequate and relatively
                    inexpensive.  What else is available.

CO2 Analyzer -      My experience is with an old ADC Machine,
                    Model LCA-2 with a data logger.  This is a
                    very expensive piece of equipment and I would
                    like to know what my options are.

Control Equipment   I have used Campbell Scientific as the basis
                    for all of my field control equipment. 
                    Although the equipment is dependable, I find
                    the limited instruction set and control
                    outputs on the CR10 and the 21X to be a
                    negative.  Does anyone have experience with
                    better equipment?

Image Analyzer -    My research has been directed toward the
                    analysis of root area and length using the
                    Dias II by Decagon Devices Inc.  Is there
                    other equipment which has more flexibility and
                    perhaps finer resolution?

By the way, I will gladly supply the details on any of the
equipment mentioned above to anyone interested.  All replies are
greatly appreciated.

Rico Gonzalez ([email-masked])

Article 927 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!gatech!darwin.sura.net!haven.umd.edu!umd5!williams.smcm.edu!bwilliam
From: [email-masked] (Bill Williams)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: Continuous light, is it ok?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 16 Feb 93 17:35:39 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Organization: St. Mary's College of Maryland
Lines: 19
X-UserAgent: Nuntius v1.1.1d17
X-XXMessage-ID: <[email-masked]>
X-XXDate: Tue, 16 Feb 93 17:39:43 GMT

In article <[email-masked]> Richard Soderberg, [email-masked]
writes:
>Is it possible to make a general statement about the effects of
>*continous*
>light applied to indoor plants? 
>My goal is to increase the volume of green leaves, not the protein
>contents etc.
>(I'm gonna look at my flowers, not eat them!)

In a word, no.  Some plants seem to do just fine on a regime of
continuous light, while others (tomatoes come to mind) seem to have a
hard time of it in such a regime.  Most plants in my experience are NOT
like tomatoes, and so the best guess is probably that it's all right. 
Try it and watch 'em!
___________________________________
William E. Williams, [email-masked]
Divison of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
St. Mary's College of Maryland
St. Mary's City, MD 20686

Article 928 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!YOKO.RUTGERS.EDU!minnam
From: [email-masked] (Minnam Sivananda)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Seventeenth Annual Homegardeners School
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Feb 93 19:42:07 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Followup-To: rec.gardens
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J.
Lines: 32

	Seventeenth Annual Home Gardeners School

	Spring Session Starts from Saturday March 27,1993

	Sponsored by :
		Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey
		Cook College
		Rutgers Cooperative extension

The Seventeenth Annual Spring Homegardeners School, scheduled for Saturday, March 27 , 1993 will be located in the Loree Building, Cook Campus, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. This Program is co-sponsored by Cook College Office of Continuin

g Professional Education and Rutgers Cooperative Extension.

Experienced gardners as well as beginner gardeners are encouraged to attend. Participants may choose among 24 classes and workshops, including 4 new sessions. New Topics are "Planting Unusual Shrubs & Trees for the Home Landscape", "Weeping Plants - A gal

lery of garden Gems", "Backyard Aquaculture", and "Grass seed Selection". Classes are offered for both the beginner to the advanced gardener.

Presenters include Rutgers Faculty as well as industry professionals.

Participants may enroll upto five classes. The registration fee is $18, regardless of the number of sessions you register for. A box lunch is available for an additional $6.

For more information or to register:

Send email to : [email-masked]
		
or  mail to: Office of Continuing Professional Education
	     P.O  Box 231
		New Brunswick NJ-08903-0231

or call : Jill Braun at (908)932-9271

Article 928 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!YOKO.RUTGERS.EDU!minnam
From: [email-masked] (Minnam Sivananda)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Seventeenth Annual Homegardeners School
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 15 Feb 93 19:42:07 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Followup-To: rec.gardens
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J.
Lines: 32

	Seventeenth Annual Home Gardeners School

	Spring Session Starts from Saturday March 27,1993

	Sponsored by :
		Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey
		Cook College
		Rutgers Cooperative extension

The Seventeenth Annual Spring Homegardeners School, scheduled for Saturday, March 27 , 1993 will be located in the Loree Building, Cook Campus, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. This Program is co-sponsored by Cook College Office of Continuin

g Professional Education and Rutgers Cooperative Extension.

Experienced gardners as well as beginner gardeners are encouraged to attend. Participants may choose among 24 classes and workshops, including 4 new sessions. New Topics are "Planting Unusual Shrubs & Trees for the Home Landscape", "Weeping Plants - A gal

lery of garden Gems", "Backyard Aquaculture", and "Grass seed Selection". Classes are offered for both the beginner to the advanced gardener.

Presenters include Rutgers Faculty as well as industry professionals.

Participants may enroll upto five classes. The registration fee is $18, regardless of the number of sessions you register for. A box lunch is available for an additional $6.

For more information or to register:

Send email to : [email-masked]
		
or  mail to: Office of Continuing Professional Education
	     P.O  Box 231
		New Brunswick NJ-08903-0231

or call : Jill Braun at (908)932-9271

Article 929 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!daresbury!daresbury!ajt
From: [email-masked] (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: is this group ill?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 16 Feb 93 22:51:25 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Reply-To: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Rowett Research Institute
Lines: 41
Apparently-To: plantbio@daresbury
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]

Una Smith ([email-masked]) wrote:
: [...]
: I like bionet.plants, by the way.  Perhaps you were miffed by the
: list of alteratives to bionet.plants that I gave, which you edited
: out of your reply?  I should say I mentioned them as a rejoinder to

I'm glad you like it Una and I'm not easily miffed ;-)

I'm interested in any other botanical email/news groups that are
available and I didn't 'edit out' the alternatives you gave, I just put
the arbitron result in because it was of interest and relevant to
Jonathan's remarks about the PHOTOSYN subscribers reluctance to
subscribe to an 'active' group ...

: the original question about botanists not liking to use computers,
: not as "better" alternatives to bionet.plants.  There are lots of
: us, but there are also lots of ways to spend any personal e-mail or
: Usenet quota, and we can't all be active here.  Subscribe to all
: those mailing lists together, and you'll have more stuff in your
: mailbox than you can stand to read!

I really hate to drone on about this on bionet.plants again, but if you
pool your resources and subscribe _one_ user to the lists you are
interested in you can share them with all the other users at your site
*without* filling your mailbox or using up your quota!

Either use public mail folders, or use mail2news to post the articles
locally.  You don't have to be a sysadm to do this (but it helps).

I'm reading this on my PC at home, in the evening, and you are right I
would have more stuff than I could stand to read *if* it was in my
mailbox.  But, it isn't - it is in a shared news spool directory and I'm
reading it with "tin".  The only user here who subscribes to BIOSCI is
[email-masked].  Everyone else reads it selectively as news.

	Tony.
-- 
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  JANET: <[email-masked]>
Rowett Research Institute,            |  other: <[email-masked]>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  phone: +44 (0)224 712751
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |    fax: +44 (0)224 715349

Article 930 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!agate!biosci!MAIL.SAS.UPENN.EDU!spoethig
From: [email-masked] ("R. Scott Poethig")
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Aphid-supporting maize mutant?
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Date: 16 Feb 93 23:17:25 GMT
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 19

A little while back someone mentioned in a note to the newsgroup that he thought
he may have found a maize mutant that supports large populations of aphids. 

I would like to get in touch with him, but unfortunately, we did not keep the 
note, and I could not find it in the newswatcher any more.

Can anybody help? Thanks! 

Hilli Passas
EMAIL: [email-masked]

Plant Science Institute
University of Pennsylvania
PA 19104-6018
Tel: 215-898-8916

Article 931 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!wupost!uwm.edu!biosci!NETCOM.COM!wick
From: [email-masked] (Potter Wickware)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: re Flavr-savr tomato
Message-ID: <Pine.3.05.9302161711.B26638-a100000@netcom2>
Date: 17 Feb 93 01:37:15 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 25

Hello Plant People --
	A couple of days ago someone posted two citations about fruit
ripening and PGU.  I meant to save them but threw them away instead.  Did
anyone save them?  IF so could you forward them to me?  Much obliged.

	Potter Wickware, Oakland, CA [email-masked]

On 15 Feb 1993, J Preiss--Seq Anal wrote:

> 
> As I recall, the flavr-savr tomato was made by putting the polygalacturonase
> gene into one of the RIN or NOR or NR ripening mutants.  I think it was NR.
> They used the PG gene from the paper by Della-Penna and Alexander PNAS 1986
> I think.  I could be wrong, but I have spoken to several people from Calgene,
> and I know they told me that this is how they made some of the early varieties.
> 
> 	Hope this helps
> 
> 	Lenny Bloksberg
> 	[email-masked]
> 
> 

Article 931 of bionet.plants:
Path: samba!concert!rock!stanford.edu!ames!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!wupost!uwm.edu!biosci!NETCOM.COM!wick
From: [email-masked] (Potter Wickware)
Newsgroups: bionet.plants
Subject: Re: re Flavr-savr tomato
Message-ID: <Pine.3.05.9302161711.B26638-a100000@netcom2>
Date: 17 Feb 93 01:37:15 GMT
References: <[email-masked]>
Sender: [email-masked]
Distribution: bionet
Lines: 25

Hello Plant People --
	A couple of days ago someone posted two citations about fruit
ripening and PGU.  I meant to save them but threw them away instead.  Did
anyone save them?  IF so could you forward them to me?  Much obliged.

	Potter Wickware, Oakland, CA [email-masked]

On 15 Feb 1993, J Preiss--Seq Anal wrote:

> 
> As I recall, the flavr-savr tomato was made by putting the polygalacturonase
> gene into one of the RIN or NOR or NR ripening mutants.  I think it was NR.
> They used the PG gene from the paper by Della-Penna and Alexander PNAS 1986
> I think.  I could be wrong, but I have spoken to several people from Calgene,
> and I know they told me that this is how they made some of the early varieties.
> 
> 	Hope this helps
> 
> 	Lenny Bloksberg
> 	[email-masked]
> 
> 

Article 932 of bionet.plants:
Xref: samba soc.college.gradinfo:2805 bionet.biology.tropical:159 bionet.plants:932
Newsgroups: soc.college.gradinfo,bionet.biology.tropical,bionet.plants
Path: samba!concert!gatech!udel!bogus.sura.net!darwin.sura.net!newsserver.jvnc.net!princeton!phoenix.Princeton.EDU!sgmccook
From: [email-masked] (Stuart George Mccook)
Subject: Looking for us grad schools in paleoecology
Message-ID: <[email-masked]>
Originator: news@nimaster
Sender: [email-masked] (USENET News System)
Nntp-Posting-Host: phoenix.princeton.edu
Organization: Princeton University
Distribution: na
Date: Tue, 16 Feb 1993 22:35:12 GMT
Lines: 14

A Venzuelan friend of mine is interested in doing graduate work in  
paleoecology in the United States.  If anyone out there has information
on grad programs in this field, please let me know.  If you have any
written materials or information, my address here is
Stuart McCook
Instituto Venezolano De Investigaciones Cientificas
Departamento de Estudio de la Ciencia
Apartado 21827
Caracas 1020-A
Venezuela.

Thanks!

Stuart.