Date: Mon, 1 Jun 92 11:49:36 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: ELEM IG: Reading #1 With this message, we are beginning the intermediate level readings for the ELEM-IG group. The schedule will be as follows: I will post a reading to GAELIC-L on monday. On the following friday I will post a translation with a brief commentary on _some_ grammatical points in the text. If there are specific questions on the reading, you should send these inquiries directly to me at Internet: rhodes@usafa.af.mil or rhodes@usafa.usafa.af.mil. I will compile the questions and try to answer them as time permits. The following is the story of the prodigal son, from "An Bi/obla do Pha/isti/" (Colmcille Press, 1986) (This book is a translation into Irish of "The Lion Children's Bible". Please let me know if you feel that the level and length of these readings are satisfactory. I would also ask that some of the native speakers check over my translations and grammatical commentary to make sure I'm staying on track. My thanks to Dorothy for typing in these readings. An Bheirt Mhac Labhrai/odh I/osa le gach saghas duine. Ni/ daoine maithe amha/in a bhi/odh ina chomhluadar. Bhi/odh na Fairisi/nigh ag gearan faoi mar gheall air sin. D'inis se/ an sce/al seo do/ibh la/ amha/in. Bhi/ fear ann a raibh beirt mhac aige. D'iarr an mac ab o/ige air a chuid fe/in den sealu/chas a thabhairt do/. Chuaigh se/ thar lear ansin, a/it ar chaith se/ a chuid airgid go fa/nach. Nuair a bhi/ a chuid da/ shealu/chas caite aige, tharla gorta sa ti/r sin. Bhi/ daoine ag fa/il bha/is den ocras. Chuaigh se/ ag obair ag aoireacht muc. Bhi/odh se/ chomh/ hocrach ansin go n-i/osfadh se/ na fe/ithleoga a d'fhaigheadh na muca da/ dtabharfai/ do/ iad. Bhi/ uaigneas air freisin. "Nach me/ an t-amada/n," a du/irt se/ leis fe/in. "Ta/ fir ag obair ag m'athair a bhfuil a ndo/thain le hithe acu. Agus ta/ ocras ormsa! Rachaidh me/ abhaile agus de/arfaidh me/ le m'athair go bhfuil bro/n orm. Ni/ fiu/ me/ go dtabharfadh se/ mac orm. Ach b'fhe/idir go ligfeadh se/ dom dul ag obair do/." Chuir se/ chun bo/thair. Chonaic a athair ag teacht e/ agus rith se/ amach le bualadh leis. Rug se/ barro/g air. "Tugaigi/ e/adai/ nua do/," a du/irt se/ lena shearbho/ntai/. "Agus marai/gi/ an lao biata agus de/anfaimid flea/. Shi/l me/ go raibh mo mhac marbh agus ta/ se/ beo tar e/is an tsaoil." Nuair a tha/inig an mac ba shine isteach, bhi/ se/ ar buile! "Ta/ me/ ag obair duit leis na blianta agus ni/ dhearna tu/ flea/ ariamh dom," ar se/ lena athair. "Ach fe/ach gur mharaigh tu/ an lao biata do mo dheartha/ir gan mhaith!" "Ta/ a fhios agat gur leat a bhfuil agam," a du\irt a athair. "Ach bhi/ se/ ceart aoibhneas a dhe/anamh agus a/thas. Bhi/ do dheartha/ir caillte agus fuarthas e/.' NOTE: "fe/ithleoga" is an old, obsolete word for "faighneoga", pods/shells. Mi/chea/l (Mike Rhodes rhodes@usafa.af.mil) ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 3 Jun 92 09:15:34 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem-IG: Reading #1, Translation and Grammatical Notes Here is the translation of Elem IG reading #1 with some grammatical notes. I have decided to change the schedule of posting the readings to: Mon.: Elementary IG reading posted. Wed.: Translation and grammatical notes to reading posted. Fri.: Answers to questions on reading posted. I would appreciate any feedback or suggestions on this. Again any questions should be sent directly to me, and I will compile and answer them in the friday posting. My Internet address: rhodes@usafa.af.mil or rhodes@usafa.usafa.af.mil Translation of Elem IG Reading # 1: (The numbers in brackets refer to the following footnotes) The Two (1) Sons Jesus used to talk (2) to all sorts of people. It was not only good people who associated with him. The Pharisees used to complain about him on account of that. He told this story to them one day. There was a man (3) who had two sons. (4) The younger (5) son asked him to give him his share of the possessions. He went abroad then, where (6) he spent his money aimlessly. When he had spent (7) his share of the possessions, a famine occurred in that country. People were dying of hunger. He went to work herding pigs. He was (8) so hungry then that he would have eaten the pods which the pigs got, if they had been given to him. (9) "Am I not a fool!" he said to himself. "My father has men working for him who have enough to eat, and I (10) am hungry. I'll go home and say to my father that I am sorry. (11) I am not worthy that he should call me his sone. (12) But perhaps he would let me come to work for him. He took to the road. His father saw him coming and he ran out to meet him. He gave him a hug. "Give him new clothes," he said to his servants. "And kill the fatted calf and we will have (literally "make") a feast. I thought my son was dead and he is alive after all." When the older (13) son came in, he was furious! "I have been working for you for years and you never made a feast for me," he said to his father. "But look, you killed the fatted calf for my no-good brother!" "You know that what I have is yours," (14) said his father. "But it is right to rejoice and be glad. (literally "to do delight and gladness") Your brother was lost and has been found." (1) "Beirt" (rather than "da/") is generally used for "two" when referring to people. (2) Note the use of the past habitual of the verb "labhair". (3) Bhi/ fear ann - There was a man. Literally "There was a man in him." A very common construction in Irish to express existence, e.g. Bhi/ banri/on inti fado/. - There was a queen long ago. (4) "To have" is expressed in Irish by ta/ (thing) ag (person), e.g. Ta/ ini/on ag an fear. The man has a daughter. (5) The comparative form of the adjective in Irish is the same as the genitive singular feminine (except for irregular comparatives). It can be expressed in two ways: Present: an mac ni/os o/ige or an mac is o/ige Past: an mac ni/b o/ige or an mac ab o/ige all expressing "the younger son." The "is" and "ab" are the present and past form of the copula. "Ni/os" and "ni/b" are formed from the copula and "ni/". The past forms are optional--the present form can be used instead. (6) "A/it ar" - "where" (literally "a place which"). (7) To express the equivalent of the past perfect in English, Irish uses bhi/ + past participle + ag (person), e.g. bhi/ an sealu/chas caite aige. He had spent the possessions (literally "The possessions were spent with him"). (8) Note the use here of the past habitual - "he was (habitually) hungry." (9) "Da/" with the past conditional is used to express contrary to fact conditions, e.g. I/osfadh se/ iad, da/ dtabharfai/ do/ iad. He would have eaten them, if they had been given to him. "tabharfai/" is the past conditional impersonal form of the verb "tabhair". (10) Ta/ ocras ormsa - literally "there is hunger on me." A typical Irish idiom--hunger, sorrow, etc. are "on" a person. The "-sa" on orm is the emphatic pronoun suffix. (11) Ta/ bro/n orm. See (10). (12) Tabhair ar, literally "to give on" means to call or name someone. (13) Ba shine - past comparative of "sean" - old. See (5). (14) fuarthas e/ - "he has been found." Past autonomous form of "faigh". Note that the pronoun subject is in the objective form, e/ instead of se/. (14) The preposition "le" is often used for possession: Is leat a bhfuil agam. What I have is yours. Le gach meas, Mi/chea/l ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 4 Jun 92 20:15:37 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elen IG: Reading #1, questions and comments Questions, Corrections, and Comments to Elem IG Reading #1. Donall O Baoill was kind enough to pass on to me several corrections to the commentary on the translation, which I will pass on to you. On cannot say "Bhi/ banri/on inti fado," but instead "Bhi/ banri/on ann fado/" - "There was a queen long ago." To use the construction I was trying to illustrate, one can say: "Ba bhanri/on a bhi/ inti." - "It is a queen she was." In my example of the use of "ag" translating English "to have" I mistakenly left off the eclipsing/aspiration, i.e. "Bhi/ ini/on ag an fear" should read "Bhi/ ini/on ag an bhfear (or ag an fhear)." The aspiration being found in Ulster dialect, the eclipsing in Connacht and Munster dialects. Finally, I left of the "d'" prefix used with the past tense of verbs beginning with a vowel (or aspirated f) in the discussion about the conditional, i.e. "I/osfadh se/" should read "D'i/osfadh se/." I left out the translation for the sentence: "Bhi/ uaigneas air freisin." In connection with this sentence Dan Wilson asked: < should Bhi/ not be followed by se/? That is, should it not read: < < "Bhi/ se/ uaigneas air freisin." No, there should not be a "se/" after bhi/. Uaigneas, "loneliness" is the subject of the sentence, which literally translated says: "Lonelieness was on him also." This is the same construction as "ta/ ocras ormsa" - I am hungry" (literally "there is hunger on me") and "ta/ bron orm" - "I am sorry" (literally "there is sorrow on me"). Please let me know if you think the level of the readings or my grammatical commentaries are satisfactory or not. I.e., are they too hard, too easy, or just right? Mi/chea/l (Mike Rhodes: rhodes@usafa.af.mil or rhodes@usafa.usafa.af.mil) ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 7 Jun 92 20:06:15 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG: Reading #2, Text De/ Domhnaigh, 7 Meitheamh 1992 Here is Reading #2, a very short passage from a school book -- An Ghaoth agus an Ghrian " Is la/idre mise n/a tusa!" arsa an ghaoth. " Feicfimid anois ce/ is la/idre den bheirt againn!" arsa an ghrian. " Conas sin?", arsa an ghaoth. " An bhfeiceann tu/ an fear sin thi/os ar an mbo/thar a bhfuil an co/ta mo/r air?" " Feicim," arsa an ghaoth. " Ar aghaidh leat," arsa an ghrian, "agus bain an co/ta de." Thosaigh an ghaoth ag se/ideadh. She/id si/ agus she/id si/, ach dhu/n an fear na cnaipi/ agus ni/or fhe/ad si/ an co/ta a bhaint de. She/id si/ ari/s ar a di/cheall ach d'fha/isc se/ a co/ta timpeall air le crios. " Ta/imse ag e/iri/ as," arsa an ghaoth. "Fu/tsa ata/ se/ anois." Thosaigh an ghrian ag taitneamh. D'eirigh an fear te. Scaoil se/ cnaipi/ agus crios a cho/ta. Bhi/ allas leis. Ni/or fhe/ad se/ siu/l leis an teas. Bhain se/ an co/ta de. " Agatsa ata/ an bua!" arsa an ghaoth. Mi/chea/l (Mike Rhodes: rhodes@usafa.af.mil or rhodes@usafa.usafa.mil) P.S. I will post the translation and grammatical commentary on Wednesday, as I did last week. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 10 Jun 92 09:52:58 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG: Reading # 2, Translation Here is the translation of Reading #2. The Wind and the Sun "I'm stronger (1) than you!" said (2) the wind. "We'll see now who is the stronger of the two of us!" said the sun. "How's that?" said the wind. "Do you see that man down on the road, who has an overcoat on?" (3) "I see," said the wind. "Go ahead," (4) said the sun, "and take his coat off." (5) The wind began to blow. It blew and it blew, but the man did up the buttons and it (the wind) couldn't take off his coat. It blew again the best it could, (6) but he fastened the coat around himself with a belt. "I'm giving up," (7) said the wind. "It's up to you now." The sun began to shine. The man became hot. He undid the buttons and belt of his coat. He was sweating. (8) He couldn't walk because of the heat. He took off his coat. "You win!" (9) said the wind. Grammatical notes: (1) la/idre - comparative of la/idir. As mentioned in Reading #1, the comparative of the adjective in Irish has the form of the genitive singular feminine. (2) "Arsa" - "says, said" is a defective verb that is used only when the exact words of the speaker are given. It has the form "ar" before the emphatic personal pronouns seisean, sise, and siadsan. (3) Literally "which there is a coat on him." An indirect relative which requires the dependent form of ta/ (i.e. fuil). (4) Literally "forward with you." (5) Literally "take the coat off him." (6) Literally "at its best." (7) Note the use of the emphatic suffix "-se" with ta/im, "_I_ am giving up." The broad form of this suffix, -sa, is found in the next sentence with the pronominal pronoun "fu/t-sa", "It's up to _you_ now." The slender form of the emphatic suffix is used if the preceding consonant or vowel is slender and the broad form if the preceding consonant or vowel is broad. The emphatic suffixes can be attached to nouns, verbs, and pronominal pronouns. The complete forms of the emphatic suffixes are: Singular: 1. -sa/-se 2. -sa/-se 3. (masc.) -san/-sean (fem.) -sa/-se Plural: 1. -na/-ne 2. -sa/-se 3. -san/-sean (8) Literally "there was sweat with him." (9) Literally "victory is with you." Note the emphatic suffix "-sa" with the pronominal preposition "agat-sa." Send mail to me directly if you have any questions. Mi/chea/l (Mike Rhodes: rhodes@usafa.af.mil or rhodes@usafa.usafa.af.mil) ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 12 Jun 92 10:31:13 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG: Reading # #, Text Since there were no questions for reading #2, I am posting reading #3 early. Here is Reading #3, another short, simple story from the school reader "Sce/alai/ocht 1". An Diabhal agus an Bhean Chuaigh bean si/os go hIfreann uair. Bhuail an Diabhal le/i ag an doras. "Ta/ fa/ilte romhat, a bhean cho/ir," ar seisean. "Tar isteach." Nuair a bhi/ si/ istigh chas si/ air: "Du/n an doras sin go tapaidh!" ar sise. "Ta/ an teas go le/ir ag e/alu/ amach. Ta/ tu/ chomh holc le m'fhear fe/in sa bhaile. Fa/gann se/ siu/d an doras ar oscailt i gco/nai/ leis! Cad as duit? An mo/ duine eile san a/it seo? Ce/ hi/ an bhean sin thall? An e/ an gual ata/ a/ u/sa/id agaibh sa tine sin?" "To/g bog e/, no/ime/ad," arsa an Diabhal, ag cur cluas le he/isteach air fe/in. "Is do/igh liom go gcloisim cnag eile ar an doras. Imigh, led thoil, agus lig isteach pe/ duine ata/ ann." Amach leis an mbean go dti/ an doras, agus d'oscail e/. Ma/ rinne, tha/inig an Diabhal taobh thiar di, agus chaith amach sa chlo/s i/. Dhu/n se/ an doras go tapaidh ina diaidh agus chuir an glas air. "Bi/odh si/ siu/d ag an bhFear Thuas!" ar seisean. Mi/chea/l (Mike Rhodes: rhodes@usafa.af.mil or rhodes@usafa.usafa.af.mil) ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 17 Jun 92 08:43:20 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG: Reading # 3, Translation and Grammatical Notes Here is the translation of Reading #3. The Devil and the Woman A woman went down to hell once. The devil met her at the door. "Welcome, good woman," he said. "Come in." When she was inside, she turned to him: "Shut that door quickly!" she said. "All the heat is escaping. You're as bad as (1) my own (2) husband at home. That one (3) always (4) stands with the door open too! (5) Where are you from? (6) Are there (7) anymore men in this place? Who is that woman over there? Do you have coal to use (8) in that fire?" "Take it easy (9) a minute," said the devil, pricking his ears (10) to listen. "I think I hear another knock at the door. Please go and let in whoever is there." Away went (11) the woman to the door and opened it. When she did, (12) the devil came up behind her, and threw her out in the yard. He shut the door quickly behind her and locked it. "Let (13) the Man Up Above have her!" he said. Grammatical Notes: (1) The English "as good as", "as bad as", etc. is in Irish "chomh maith le", "chomh holc le", etc. Note that "chomh" prefixes an "h" to vowels. (2) "Fe/in - self" is here translated "own", its common meaning when used in conjunction with possessive pronouns. (3) "Se/ siu/d" literally "he, that one". There is a derrogatory tone to this. When "sin", "seo", and "siu/d" are used pronominally, as here, they are commonly found with the pronouns "se/", "si/", and "siad", as appropriate. (4) Note how the adverbial phrase of time "i gco/nai/ - always" tends to be found near the end of the sentence rather than near the front as in English. (5) "Leis" here means "also, too" rather than "with him" -- a common use. (6) Literally "What from to you?" This is a good example of an idiomatic expression -- one that makes little sense when translated literally. (7) "An" is the interrogative form of the copula "is". (8) Literally, "Is there coal which is for its using with you (plural) in that fire." Several points here. First, Irish says "an gual" where in English we leave off the definite article when referring to something in a general sense. Second, the object of a verbal noun (u/sa/id in this case) is in the genitive. This means that when it is a pronoun, it is a possessive pronoun (here combined with the preposition "a" to form a/ (a + a = a/). Finally, we see here again the preposition "ag" (here agaibh) used where we use the verb "to have" in English. (9) More correctly "To/g _go_ bog e/", "Take it easy." The adverbial "go" is dropped in colloquial conversation. (10) Literally "putting ears (cluas - genitive plural) to hear on himself." (11) Literally "away with the woman", a common idiom in Irish. Note also that the preposition "le" has the form "leis" before the definite article "an". (12) Literally "If (she) did." (13) Literally "Let that one be with the Man Above!" "Bi/odh" is the third person singular imperative form, which we translate "let" such and such "be done". Note again the use of "siu/d" in a derrogatory sense. If there are any questions, please contact me directly. Mi/chea/l (Mike Rhodes: rhodes@usafa.usafa.af.mil) ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 19 Jun 92 09:12:43 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG, Reading # 4 Again there were no questions about Reading # 3, so I will post reading # 4 early. Here is Reading # 4. This is from a children's book, "An Diabhal agus an Ba/ille" by Mylene Cullen, published by An Gu/m 1987. An Diabhal agus an Ba/ille Bhi/ ba/ille gra/nna ann uair amha/in. Bhaili/odh se/ ci/os o/ dhaoine bochta. Nuair nach mbi/odh an t-airgead acu chaitheadh se/ amach ar thaobh an bho/thair iad. Bhi/ an ghra/in ag na daoine air. Oi/che amha/in bhi/ an ba/ille ag o/l i dta/bhairne. Ce/ a casadh air ach an diabhal! Thosaigh siad ag o/l le che/ile agus ag caint. "Bi/odh como/rtas eadrainn!" arsa an diabhal. "Ce/n so/rt como/rtais?" arsa an ba/ille. "Rachaimid amach ar maidin agus ma/la an duine againn. Aon rud a thabharfaidh daoine o/ chroi/ du/inn, beidh cead againn e/ a chur sa mha/la. Feicfimid ce/ acu ma/la is troime tra/tho/na," arsa an diabhal. "Ta/ me/ sa/sta," arsa an ba/ille. An mhaidin ina dhiaidh sin chroith siad la/mh lena che/ile agus bhuail siad bo/thar. Tar e/is tamall bhi/ siad ag gabha/il thar teach. Chuala siad an chaint seo o/ bhean an ti/ : "Go mbeire an diabhal leis thu/ mar chaili/n leisciu/il! No/ an bhfuil se/ i gceist agat e/iri/ in aon chor inniu?" "An gcloiseann tu/ e/ sin, a dhiabhail?" arsa an ba/ille. "Sin caili/n brea/ duit agus beir leat i/." "Mhuise, ni/ bhe/arfaidh me/," arsa an diabhal, "mar ni/ o/na croi/ a du/irt an mha/thair an chaint." Shiu/il siad leo tamall eile den bho/thar go bhfaca siad fear ina shui/ ar gheata agus e/ ag deisiu/ bro/ige. Bhi/ a bhean che/ile istigh sa pha/irc agus i/ ag be/ici/l in ard a gutha leis na muca: "A/, go n-ardai/ an diabhal leis sibh mar mhuca!" ar sise. Ansin labhair si/ go borb lena fear ce/ile. "Nach dtabharfa/ la/mh chu/nta dom, a phleidhce!" "An gcloiseann tu/ e/ sin?" arsa an ba/ille. "Sin muca brea/tha duit anois agus tabhair leat iad." "Ni/ thabharfaidh me/," arsa an diabhal, "mar ni/ o/na croi/ a du/irt si/ an chaint." Tha/inig siad chomh fada le gort arbhair. Bhi/ an t-arbhar go deas bui/ aibi/. Bhi/ scata mo/r pre/acha/n ag eitilt thart. D'fhe/ach siad isteach sa ghort. Chonaic siad garsu/n ina shui/ go sa/sta agus e/ ag imirt mirli/ni/ in ionad a bheith ag ruaigeadh na bpre/acha/n. Direach ansin tha/inig athair an gharsu/in. Bhi/ se/ ar buile lena mhac. "Go mbeire an diabhal leis thu/, a ghiolla na leisce," arsa an t-athair de bhe/ic. "An gcloiseann tu/ e/ sin?" arsa an ba/ille. "Sin garsu/n brea/ duit anois agus beir leat e/!" "Ni/ bhe/arfaidh me/," arsa an diabhal, "mar ni/ o/na chroi/ a du/irt an t-athair e/." Tamall ina dhiaidh sin chuala siad fear eile ag be/ici/l. Feirmeoir a bhi/ ann agus e/ ag tabhairt amach don fhear oibre a bhi/ ina lui/ ar a sha/imhi/n so/ ag o/l po/rtair. "Ni/l aon obair de/anta agat, a leisceoir gan mhaith agus ta/ na coini/ni/ ag ithe mo chuid caba/iste. Go gcrocha an diabhal leis thu/ go dti/ a theach fe/in!" "Seo e/ do sheans fear brea/ la/idir a fha/il," arsa an ba/ille. Be/ir leat e/ anois." "Ni/ bhe/arfaidh me/," arsa an diabhal, "mar ni/ o/na chroi/ amach a du/irt an feirmeoir an chaint." Bhi/ an ba/ille an-mi/sha/sta. Bhi/ se/ ar a chois ar feadh an lae agus ni/or thairg e/inne oiread agus deoch uisce do/. Ar an taobh eile den sce/al tairgeadh an-chuid don diabhal ce/ na/r ghlac se/ le haon ni/. Faoi dheireadh nuair a bhi/ an ghrian ag dul faoi chonaic siad baintreach ina sui/ ar thaobh an bho/thair agus leanbh ar a binn. "O/, seo chugainn an ba/ille," arsa an leanbh. "Mhuise, go mbeire an diabhal leis thu/ mar bha/ille mar is tu/ an duine nach bhfuil aon fha/ilte roimhe," arsa an bhaintreach. "A/ime/an!" arsa an leanbh. "Ha/! Ha/! Ta/ tu/ agam faoi dheireadh, a bha/ille," arsa an diabhal, "mar is o/na croi/ siu/d a tha/inig an chaint sin. Isteach leat ansin," ar seisean agus d'oscail se/ be/al a mh/ala. D'imigh an diabhal leis agus an ma/la mo/r trom thar a ghualainn aige. Ni/l a fhios agam an bhfaca e/inne an diabhal sa cheantar sin le de/anai/. Ach is cinnte nach bhfaca duine ar bith a chompa/nach, an bha/ille, o/ shin i leith. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 24 Jun 92 08:53:53 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG: Reading #4, Translation and Commentary Here is the translation of Reading #4 with grammatical commentary. The Devil and the Bailiff There once (1) was an ugly bailiff. He used to collect rent from poor people. Whenever they didn't have the money, he would throw them out on the side of the road. (2) The people loathed him. (3) One night the bailiff was drinking in a tavern. (4) Who should he happen to meet but the devil! (5) They begain to drink with each other and to talk. "Let's have a competition between us!" (6) said the devil. "What sort of competition?" said the bailiff. "We'll go out in the morning with a man's bag. (7) Whatever men give us from the heart, we have leave (8) to put in the bag. We'll see whose bag is the heavier this evening," said the devil. "I agree," (9) said the bailiff. The next morning they shook hands with each other and took to the road. After a while they were going past a house. (10) They heard this conversation from the housewife: "May the devil take such a lazy girl as you with him! (11) Or are you thinking of getting up at all this morning?" (12) "Do you hear that, Devil?" (13) said the bailiff. "That fine girl is yours to take with you." "Well, I won't take her," (14) said the devil, "for it was not from her heart that the mother said this." (literally "said the speech.") (15) They walked together a while longer on the road until (16) they saw a man sitting (17) at a gate fixing a shoe. (18) His wife was in the field shouting with a loud voice at the pigs: (19) "Ah, the devil take such pigs as you with him!" (20) said she. Then she spoke harshly to her husband. "Can't you give me a helping hand, you fool?" "Do you hear that?" said the bailiff. "Those fine pigs are yours to take with you." "I won't take them," said the devil, "because it was not from her heart that she said this." They went as far as a field of wheat. The wheat was nice, (21) yellow, and ripe. (22) A large crowd of crows was flying by. They looked into the field. They saw a lad sitting contentedly playing marbles instead of chasing away the crows. (23) Just then the lad's father came. He was furious with his son. "The devil take you with him, you lazy fellow," said the father with a shout. "Do you hear that?" said the bailiff. "That fine lad is yours to take with you." "I won't take him," said the devil, "because it was not from his heart that the father said it." A while after that they heard another man shouting. A farmer was there scolding (24) a workman who was lying happily and at ease (25) drinking porter. (26) "You haven't done any work, you no-good bum, and the rabbits are eating my cabbage. The devil carry you away with him to his own house!" "This is your chance to get a fine man," said the bailiff. "Take him away with you now." "I won't take him," said the devil, "because it was not from his heart that the farmer said this." The bailiff was very displeased. He had been (27) on his feet throughout the day and no one (28) had offered him so much as a drink of water. On the other hand (29) the devil had been offered (30) quite a bit, and he had not taken anything. At last when the sun was going down, they saw a widow sitting at the side of the road with a child at her side. "Oh, here comes (31) the bailiff," said the child. "Well, may the devil take such a bailiff as you with him, since you're the one for whom there is no welcome," said the widow. "Amen!" said the child. "Ha! Ha! At last I've got you, bailiff," said the devil, "because it's definitely from her heart that this expression came. In you go then," he said and opened the mouth of his bag. The devil went away with the big heavy bag over his shoulder. I don't know if anyone has seen the devil in this district lately. But it's certain that no one has seen his companion, the bailiff, from that time forth. ____________________________________________________________________________ Gramatical Notes and Commentary (1) Uair amha/in - literally "one time." (2) Note the tendency in Irish to put a pronoun object near the end of the sentence, as is the case here with "iad". Also, the past habitual is used twice in this sentence to indicate what the bailiff usually or habitually did. (3) Literally "Loathing was with them on him." (4) Here is an example of the past progressive tense, bhi/ + subject + ag + verbal noun. The progressive tense indicates that the action is going on over some time, whereas the past tense indicates simply that the action occured. Contrast "Cheannaigh se/ beoir." - "He bought a beer." with "Bhi/ se/ ag o/l i dta/bhairne." - "He was drinking beer (for some extended time) in a tavern." (5) "Casadh" is the past autonomous form of "cas" - "to twist or turn". In the autonomous form it means to meet someone, "Casadh orm (/dom/liom) e/." "I met/happened to meet him." The past autonomous form is also _not_ lenated, hence "casadh" _not_ "chasadh". (6) "Bi/odh" is the third person singular imperative of "ta/", translated literally as "let there be!" "Eadrainn" is the first person plural pronominal form of the preposition "idir" - "between". (7) Literally, "and a man's bag with us." "Agus" is commonly used in Irish to indicate attendent circumstances, e.g. "Chonaic me/ e/ agus me/ ag teacht amach." - "I saw him while I was going out." A man's bag is one that is big enough to hold a man. (8) Literally, "Permission will be with us." (9) Literally, "I am satisfied/content." (10) Note that "gabh" has two general meanings in Irish, 1. "to take", and 2. "to go." It is the latter meaning that is used here. (11) This is a good example of the main use of the present subjunctive in Irish, to express a wish. It is preceded by "go" (eclipsing) and "na/r" (lenating) for negative wish, e.g. Go dtaga do ri/ocht. May thy kingdom come. (From the Lord's Prayer.) N/ar fhille se/ go bra/ch! May he never return! (12) Literally, "Is the question with you of getting up at all this morning?" (13) Note that when "that" is used pronominally as in "I heard that (thing)", it is rendered in Irish as "e/ sin", e.g. "Chuala me/ e/ sin." (14) "Tabhair" can mean both "to give" and to "take". It is the latter meaning that is used here. (15) Note the use of the copula (here the negative ni/) for emphasis. A very common use in Irish. The standard pattern is copula + phrase + "a" (relative pronoun) + sentence. A few examples using the basic sentence "Chuaigh Sea/n go Doire inne/." John went to Derry yesterday: Is e/ Sea/n a chuaigh go Doire inne/. It was _John_ who . . . An go Doire a chuaigh Sea/n inne/? Was it to _Derry_ that ... Is go Doire a chuaigh Sea/n inne/. It was _Derry_ that ... Nach inne/ a chuaigh Sea/n go Doire? Wasn't it _yesterday_ that ... (16) "Go" (eclipsing) can mean "until" as it does here. Note also that it takes the dependent form of those verbs that have one (as does "feic"). (17) Literally, "in his sitting". Verbal nouns for sitting, standing, lying, sleeping, waking, and dwelling, and the word "tost" (being silent) use the preposition "i" with a possessive pronoun, e.g. Ta/ se/ ina sheasamh. He is standing. Ta/imid ina/r sui/. We are sitting. Ta/im i mo chodladh. I am asleep. Ta/imid ina/r gco/nai/ i gCorrcaigh. We live in Cork. (18) The object of a verbal noun is in the genitive case, hence "bro/ige" genitive singular of "bro/ga". (19) Here is another example of attendent circumstances being introduced by "agus" as pointed out in (7) above. The same construction is found again in the next sentence, "agus i/ ag be/ici/l" - "shouting". (20) Present subjunctive used for a wish again. (21) "Ta/" and "is" with adjectives is a little complicated in Irish. "Ta/" is used only to describe a temporary or accidental condition or a position. It may therefore be followed by a prepostion, or by adjectives meaning "hot, cold, full, empty, hard, soft, ready, broken, closed, tired, sick, sore, sad, alive, dead" and so on. Adjectives used with "ta/" include all those ending in "-ach", and all past participles. The copula "is" is used when the predicate is a noun, or an adjective expressing inherent quality, measure or color: These adjectives are further divided into adjectives of _quality_ and adjectives of _measure_ or _color_. The former may be used with "ta/" as adverbs (i.e. with "go" in front of them, e.g. "ta/ se/ go maith" "he is good"), but the latter may not. Thus you can say "ta/ an la/ go brea/" or "is brea/ an la/ e/" for "it is a fine day", "ta/ an caili/n go deas" or "is deas an caili/n" for "the girl is pretty", and so for other adjectives of _quality_. But "mo/r" "big", "beag" "small", "fada" "long", "gearr" "short", "trom" "heavy", etc. and the names of colors are better construed with the copula: "is fear e/" "he is a man", "is mo/r an teach e/" "the house is big", "is trom an chloch i/" "the stone is heavy", "is ba/n an pa/ipe/ir e/" "the paper is white". However, when either of the prefixes "an-" or "ro/-" precedes the adjective, or a qualifying adverb follows, the classification of adjectives is dissolved and all may occure with "ta/": "Ta/ se/ sin an-mhaith" "That is very good", "Ta/ an clai/ ro/-ard" "The fence is too high", "Ni/l se/ fada a dho/thain" "It is not long enough." (22) Note that when several adjectives are used with a noun in Irish, that "agus" is not used as "and" is in English. (23) na bpre/acha/n" is genitive plural because it is the object of a verbal noun as explained in (18) above. (24) "Tabhair amach", literally "to give out", can mean "to scold". (25) "Bheith ar a sha/imhi/n so/" "to feel happy and at ease", literally "to be on his tranquility (and) ease." (26) "Po/rtair" genitive singular of "po/rtar" because it is the object of a verbal noun as explained in (18) above. (27) The Irish past tense can be translated not only by the English past tense, but also by the present perfect or past perfect as context dictates. (28) e/inne = aon duine - someone, anyone (29) "ar an taobh eile den sce/al" literally, "on the other side of the story." (30) "Tairgeadh" is the past autonomous form of the verb. (31) "Seo chugainn e/" "Here he comes", literally, "It's towards us he is." ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 7 Jul 92 18:09:25 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG: Reading #5 Here is the Elementary IG Reading # 5. This is an old folk story taken from Douglas Hyde's book "Le hAis na Teineadh" - Beside the Fire. I have standardized the spelling somewhat, but have left the old pre-1948 spellings. Most of the older literature is written with this older spelling and it is good to get used to it. I have put a vocabulary at the end of this piece that gives the modern spelling equivalents of the earlier spellings in the text. I think you'll enjoy this one. As usual, if you have questions or comments, contact me directly at rhodes@usafa.usafa.af.mil. Adhlacadh Liaim Ui/ Ruanaigh Insan aimsir anallo/d bhi/ fear ann dar ab ainm Liam O/ Ruanaigh, ina cho/mhnaidhe i ngar do Chla/r-Gaillimh. Bhi/ se/ ina fheirmeoir. Aon la/ amha/in tha/inig an tighearna-talmhan chuige agus dubhairt, "Ta/ ci/os tri/ bliadhain agam ort, agus muna mbe/idh se/ agat dom faoi cheann seachtmhaine caithfidh (1) me/ amach ar thaoibh an bho/thair thu/." "Ta/im le dul go Gallimh ama/rach le h-ualach cruithneachta do dhi/ol, agus nuair a gheobhas me/ a luach i/ocfaidh me/ thu/," ar Liam. Ar maidin, la/ ar na mha/rach, chuir se/ ualach cruithneachta ar an gcairt agus bhi/ se/ ag dul go Gaillimh leis. Nuair bhi/ se/ timcheall mi/le go leith imthighthe o/n teach, tha/inig duine uasal chuige agus d'fhiafruigh se/ de/ "An cruithneacht ata/ agat ar an gcairt?" "Seadh," ar Liam, "Ta/ me/ dul 'ga/ dhi/ol le mo chi/os d'i/oc." "Cia mhe/ad ata/ ann?" arsa an duine uasal. "Ta/ tonna cneasta ann," ar Liam. "Ceanno/chaidh me/ uait e/," arsa an duine uasal, "agus bhe/arfaidh me/ an luach is mo/ sa margadh dhuit. Nuair a rachfas tu/ chomh fad leis an mbo/thairi/n cartach ata/ ar do la/imh chle/, cas isteach agus bhi/ ag imtheacht go dtagaidh tu/ go teach mo/r ata/ i ngleann, agus be/idh mise ansin ro/mhat le d'airgead do thabhairt duit." Nuair tha/inig Liam chomh fada leis an mbo/thairi/n chas se/ isteach, agus bhi/ se/ ag imtheacht go dta/inig se/ chomh fada le teach mo/r. Bhi/ iongantas ar Liam nuair chonnairc se/ an teach mo/r, mar rugadh agus to/gadh insan gco/mharsanacht e/, agus ni/ fhacaidh se/ an teach mo/r ariamh roimhe, ci/dh go raibh eolas aige ar uile theach i bhfoighseacht cu/ig mhi/le dho/. Nuair tha/inig Liam i ngar do sciobo/l a bhi/ in aice leis an teach mo/r tha/inig buachaill beag amach agus dubhairt, "Ce/ad mi/le fa/ilte ro/mhat a Liaim Ui/ Ruanaigh," chuir sac ar a dhruim agus thug isteach e/. Tha/inig buachaill beag eile amach, chuir fa/ilte roimh Liam, chuir sac ar a dhruim agus d'imthigh isteach leis. Bhi/ buachaillidhe ag teacht, ag cur fa/ilte roimh Liam, agus ag tabhairt sac leo, go raibh an tonna cruithneachta imthighthe. Ansin tha/inig iomla/n na mbuachaill i la/thair agus dubhairt Liam leo: "Ta/ eolas agaibh uile ormsa agus ni/l eolas agamsa oraibhse." Ansin dubhradar leis, "Te/idh isteach, agus ith do dhi/nne/ar, ta/ an ma/ighistir ag fanamhaint leat." Chuaidh Liam isteach agus shuidh se/ si/os ag an mbord. Ni/or ith se/ an dara greim go dta/inig trom-chodladh air, agus thit se/ faoi an mbord. Ansin rinne an draoidheado/ir fear-bre/ige cosmhail le Liam, agus chuir abhaile chum mna/ Liaim e/, leis an gcapall, agus leis an gcairt. Nuair tha/inig se/ go teach Liaim chuaidh se/ suas insan tseomra, luidh ar leabaidh, agus fuair ba/s. Ni/or bhfada go ndeacaidh an gha/ir amach go raibh Liam O/ Ruanaigh marbh. Chuir an bhean uisce si/os agus nuair bhi/ se/ teith nigh si/ an corp agus chuir os cionn cla/ir e/. Tha/inig na co/mharsanna agus chaoineadar go bro/nach os cionn an chuirp, agus bhi/ truagh mho/r ann don mhnaoi bhoicht acht ni/ raibh mo/ra/n bro/in uirthi fe/in, mar bhi/ Liam aosta agus i/ fe/in o/g. An la/ ar na mha/rach cuireadh an corp agus ni/ raibh aon chuimhne ni/os mo/ air Liam. Bhi/ buachaill aimsire ag mnaoi Liaim agus dubhairt si/ leis, "Budh cho/ir duit me/ do pho/sadh, agus a/it Liaim ghlacadh." "Ta/ se/ ro/-luath fo/s, i ndiaidh ba/s do bheith insan teach," arsa an buachaill, "Fan go mbe/idh Liam curtha seachtmhain." Nuair bhi/ Liam seacht la/ agus seacht n-oidhche ina chodladh tha/inig buachaill beag agus dhu/isigh e/. Ansin dubhairt se/ leis, "Ta/ir seachtmhain do chodladh. Chuireamar do chapall agus do chairt abhaile. Seo dhuit do chuid airgid, agus imthigh." Tha/inig Liam abhaile, agus mar bhi/ se/ mall san oidhche ni/ fhacaidh aon duine e/. Ar maidin an la/ sin chuaidh bean Liaim agus an buachaill aimsire chum an tsagairt agus d'iarr siad air iad do pho/sadh. "Bhfuil an t-airgead-po/sta agaibh?" arsa an sagart. "Ni/l," arsa an bhean, "acht ta/ storc muice agam sa mbaile, agus tig leat i/ do bheith agat in a/it airgid. Po/s an sagart iad, agus dubhairt, "cuirfead fios ar an muic ama/rach." Nuair tha/inig Liam go dti/ a dhoras fe/in, bhuail se/ buille air. Bhi/ an bhean agus an buachaill aimsire ag dul chum a leabaidh, agus d'fhiafruigh siad, "Cia ta/ ansin?" "Mise," ar Liam, "foscail an doras dom." Nuair chualadar an guth bhi/ fhios acu gur b'e/ Liam do bhi/ ann, agus dubhairt a bhean, "ni/ thig liom do leigean isteach, agus is mo/r an na/ire dhuit do bheith teacht ar ais i ndiaidh thu/ bheith seacht la/ san uaigh." "An ar mire ata/ tu/?" ar Liam. "Ni/lim ar mire," arsa an bhean, "Ta/ fhios ag an uile dhuine sa bpara/iste go bhfuair tu/ ba/s agus gur chuir me/ go geanamhail thu/. Te/idh ar ais go d'uaigh, agus be/idh aifreann le/ighte agam ar son d'anma bhoicht ama/rach." "Fan go dtagaidh solas an lae," ar Liam, "agus bhe/arfaidh me/ luach do mhagaidh dhuit." Ansin chuaidh se/ san sta/bla, in a/it a raibh a chapall agus a mhuc, shi/n se/ insan tuighe, agus thit se/ ina chodladh. Ar maidin, la/ ar na mha/rach, dubhairt an sagart le buachaill beag a bhi/ aige, "Te/idh go teach Liaim Ui/ Ruanaigh agus bhe/arfaidh an bhean a pho/s me/ i nde/ muc duit le tabhairt abhaile leat." Tha/inig an bhuachaill go doras an tighe agus thosuigh 'ga/ bhualadh le maide a bhi/ aige. Bhi/ faitchios air an mnaoi an doras d'fhoscailt, acht d'fhiafruigh si/, "Cia ta/ ansin?" "Mise," arsa an buachaill, "Chuir an sagart me/ le muc d'fha/gha/il uait." "Ta/ si/ amuigh san sta/bla," arsa an bhean. Chuaidh an bhachaill isteach san sta/bla agus thosuigh ag tioma/int na muice amach, nuair d'e/irigh Liam agus dubhairt, "Ca/ bhfuil tu/ ag dul le mo mhuic?" Nuair chonnairc an bhuachaill Liam, as go bra/th leis, agus ni/or stop go ndeacaidh se/ chum an tsagairt agus a chroidhe ag teacht amach ar a bhe/al le faitchios. "Cad ta/ ort?" arsa an sagart. D'innis an buachaill do/ go raibh Liam O/ Ruanaigh insan sta/bla, agus nach leighfeadh se/ dho/ an mhuc do thabhairt leis. "Bhi/ do thost, a bhre/agado/ir," arsa an sagart, "Ta/ Liam O/ Ruanaigh marbh agus insan uaigh le seachtmhain." "Da/ mbeidheadh se/ marbh seacht mbliadhna connairc mise insan sta/bla e/ dha/ mho/imint o/ shin, agus muna gcreideann tu/, tar, thu/ fe/in, agus feicfidh tu/ e/." Ansin tha/inig an sagart agus an bhuachaill le che/ile go doras an sta/bla, agus dubhairt an sagart, "Te/idh isteach agus chuir an mhuc sin amach chugam." "Ni/ rachfainn isteach ar son a me/id is fiu/ thu/," arsa an buachaill. Chuaidh an sagart isteach ansin agus bhi/ se/ ag tioma/int na muice amach, nuair d'e/irigh Liam suas as an tuighe agus dubhairt, "Ca/ bhfuil tu/ ag dul le mo mhuic, a athair Pha/draig?" Nuair a chonnairc an sagart Liam ag e/irighe, as go bra/th leis, ag ra/dh: "In ainm De/ orduighim ar ais go dti/ an uaigh thu/ a Uilliaim Ui/ Ruanaigh." Thosuigh Liam ag rith i ndiaidh an tsagairt, agus ag ra/dh "A athair Pha/draig, bhfuil ti/ ar mire? Fan agus labhair liom." Ni/or fhan an sagart acht chuaidh abhaile chomh luath agus d'fhe/ad a chosa a iomchar, agus nuair tha/inig se/ isteach dhu/n se/ an doras. Bhi/ Liam ag bualadh an dorais go raibh se/ sa/ruighthe, acht ni/ leigfeadh an sagart isteach e/. Faoi dheireadh chuir se/ a cheann amach ar fhuinneoig a bhi/ ar bharr an tighe agus dubhairt, "A Uilliam Ui/ Ruanaigh te/idh ar ais chum d'uaighe." "Ta/ tu/ ar mire a athair Pha/draig, ni/l me/ marbh, agus ni/ raibh me/ in aon uaigh ariamh o/ d'fha/g me/ bronn mo mha/thar," ar Liam. "Chonnairc mise marbh thu/," arsa an sagart, "Fuair tu/ ba/s go tobann agus bhi/ me/ i la/thair nuair cuireadh thu/ san uaigh, agus rinne me/ seanmo/ir bhrea/gh os do chionn." "Diabhal uaim, go bhfuil tu/ ar mire chomh cinnte agus ata/ mise beo," ar Liam. "Imthigh as m'amharc anois agus le/ighfidh me/ aifreann duit ama/rach," arsa an sagart. Cuaidh Liam abhaile agus bhuail se/ a dhoras fe/in acht ni/ leigfeadh an bhean isteach e/. Ansin dubhairt se/ leis fe/in, "rachfad agus i/ocfad mo chi/os." Uile dhuine a chonnairc Liam ar a bhealach go teach an tighearna bhi/ siad ag rith uaidh, mar shaoileadar go bhfuair se/ ba/s. Nuair chualaidh an tighearna talmhan go raibh Liam O/ Ruanaigh ag teacht, dhu/n se/ na doirse, agus ni/ leigfeadh se/ isteach e/. Thosuigh Liam ag bualadh an dorais mho/ir gur shaoil an tighearna go mbrisfeadh se/ isteach e/. Tha/inig an tighearna go fuinneoig a bhi/ ar bharr an tighe, agus d'fhiafruigh, "Cad ta/ tu/ ag iarraidh?" "Tha/inig me/ le mo chi/os i/oc, mar fhear cneasta," ar Liam. "Te/idh ar ais go dti/ d'uaigh, agus bhe/arfaidh me/ maitheamhnas duit," arsa an Tighearna. "Ni/ fha/gfaidh me/ seo, go bhfa/igheadh me/ scri/bhinn uait go bhuil me/ i/octha suas glan, go dti/ an Bhealtaine seo chugainn." Thug an Tighearna an scri/bhinn do/, agus tha/inig se/ abhaile. Bhuail se/ an doras, acht ni/ leigfeadh an bhean isteach e/, ag ra/dh leis go raibh Liam O/ Ruanaigh marbh agus curtha, agus nac raibh insan bhfear ag an doras acht feallto/ir. "Ni/ feallto/ir me/, ar Liam, "Ta/ me/ i ndiaidh ci/os tri/ bhliadhain d'i/oc le mo mha/ighistir, agus be/idh seilbh mo thighe fe/in agam, no/ be/idh fhios agam ca fa/th." Chuaidh se/ chum an sciobo/il, agus fuair se/ barra mo/r iarainn agus ni/or bhfada gur bhris se/ isteach an doras. Bhi/ faithchios mo/r ar an mnaoi agus ar an bhfear nua-pho/sta. Shaoileadar go rabhadar in am an eise/irighe, agus go raibh deireadh an domhain ag teacht. "Cad chuige ar shaoil tu/ go raibh mise marbh?" ar Liam. "Nach bhfuil fhios ag uile dhuine insan bpara/iste go bhfuil tu/ marbh," arsa an bhean. "Do chorp o/n diabhal," ar Liam, "Ta/ tu/ ag magadh fada go leor liom. Fa/igh dhom nidh le n-ithe. Bhi/ eagla mho/r ar an mnaoi bhoicht agus ghle/ar si/ biadh dho/, agus nuair chonnairc si/ e/ ag ithe agus ag o/l dubhairt si/, "Ta/ mi/orbhu/il ann." Ansin d'innis Liam a sce/al di/, o/ bhonn go barr, agus nuair d'innis se/ gach nidh, dubhairt se/, "Rachfad chum na n-uaighe ama/rach go bhfeicfead an bitheamhnach do chuir sibhse i m'a/itse." La/ ar na mha/rach thug Liam dream daoine leis, agus chuaidh se/ chum na reilige, agus d'fhoscail siad an uaigh, agus bhi/odar ag dul an cho/fra d'fhoscailt, agus nuair a bhi/ siad 'ga/ to/ga/il suas, le/im madadh mo/r dubh amach, agus as go bra/th leis, agus Liam agus na fir eile ina dhiadh. Bhi/odar 'ga/ leanamhaint go bhfacadar e/ ag dul isteach insan teach a raibh Liam ina chodladh ann. Ansin d'fhoscail an talamh agus chuaidh an teach si/os, agus ni/ fhacaidh aon duine e/ o/ shin, acht ta/ an poll mo/r le feicsint go dti/ an la/ so. Nuair d'imthigh Liam agus na fir o/ga abhaile d'innis siad gach nidh do shagart na para/iste, agus scaoil se/ an po/sadh a bhi/ idir bean Liaim agus an buachaill aimsire. Do mhair Liam bliadhanta ina dhiaidh seo, agus d'fha/g se/ saidhbhreas mo/r ina dhiaidh, agus ta/ cuimhne air i gCla/r-Gaillimh fo/s, agus be/idh go deo, ma/ the/idheann an sce/al so o/ na seandaoinibh chum na ndaoine o/ga. Notes: The plural ending of nouns, -i/, is spelled -idhe. The old spelling of the future of -(a)igh verbs is -(e)o/chaidh (for -(e)o/idh of the modern spelling). (1) caithfidh here does not mean "must" but "throw" The preposition "a" that is commonly used with the verbal noun is spelled "do", e.g. Ba mhaith liom cruithneachta do dhi/ol. I want to sell wheat. Modern spelling "a dhi/ol." Words in old spelling with modern equivalent: beidheadh = beadh - would be bhi/odar = bhi/ siad - they were biadh = bia - food bitheamhnach = bithiu/nach - scoundral bliadhain = bliain - year bliadhanta = blianta - years bliadhna = bliana - years brea/gh = brea/ - fine budh = ba (past tense of copula) cartach - genitive singular of cairt - cart chonnairc = chonaic - saw chuaidh = chuaigh - went chualaidh = chuala - heard chum = chun - to, towards cia = ce/ (who, what) ci/dh go = ce/ go - although co/mhnaidhe = co/nai/ - to live (verbal noun) cosmhail = cosu/il - like croidhe = croi/ - heart dar ab = darb (do + ba) - to whom was (copula) deacaidh = deachaigh (dependent past third person singular) - went do = a (direct relative pronoun) - who, which do = a (preposition before verbal nouns) - to draoidheado/ir = drai/do/ir - enchanter, wizard dubhairt = du/irt - said e/irighe = e/iri/ (verbal noun of e/irigh) - to rise eise/irighe = aise/iri/ - resurrection facadar = faca siad - they saw faitchios = faiti/os - fear fanamhaint = fanu/int - to wait (verbal noun) feicfead = feicfaidh me/ - I will see feicsint = feicea/il (verbal noun of feic) to see fhacaidh = fhaca (dependent past third person singular of feic) - saw fha/gha/il = fa/il - to get, find (verbal noun) foighseacht = foiseacht - nearness, proximity foscail = oscail - to open (verbal noun) 'ga/ = ag a (the preposition ag + a (possessive pronoun) geanamhail = geanu/il - loving, lovable; seemly i nde/ = inne/ - yesterday imtheacht = imeacht - to go away (verbal noun) imthigh = imigh - went away innis = inis - to tell (verbal noun) iomchar = iompar (verbal noun of iompair - to carry) iongantas = iontas - wonder, surprise leabaidh = dative singular of leaba - bed leanamhaint = leanu/int (verbal noun of lean - to follow) le/ighfidh = le/ifidh (future third person singular of le/igh) - will read le/ighte = le/ite (past participle of le/igh) - read luidh = luigh - lay madadh = madra - dog ma/ighistir = ma/istir - master maitheamhnas = maithiu/nas - forgiveness, pardon mi/orbhu/il = mi/oru/ilt - miracle mnaoi = dative singular of bean - woman nidh = ni/ - thing oidhche = oi/che - night orduighim = ordai/m (present first person sing. of ordaigh - I order, command rabhadar = raibh siad - they were rachfad = rachaidh me/ - I will go rachfas - future relative form of te/igh) - who will go ra/dh = ra/ (verbal noun of abair) - to say saidhbhreas = saibhreas - riches sa/ruighthe = sa/raithe (past participle of sa/raigh) - exhausted seachtmhain = seachtain - week seadh = 'sea (is ea) - it is (copula) seandaoinibh - the -ibh is the old ending of the dative plural shaoil = shi/l - thought shaoileadar = shi/l siad - they thought shuidh = shuigh - sat so = seo - this storc - a large animal tagaidh = taga (present subjunctive third person singular) - come ta/ir = ta/ tu/ - you are talmhan = talu/n (gen. of talamh) - of land te/idh = te/igh - go! teith = te - warm the/idheann = te/ann - goes tig = tagann - gives tighe = ti/ (genitive singular of teach - house) tighearna = tiarna - lord timcheall = timpeall - around tonna = tona - ton (weight) truagh = trua - sorrow tuighe = tui/ - straw ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 8 Jul 92 20:14:43 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG Reading #5, Translation and Commentary Here is the translation and commentary for the Elementary IG Reading #5. Ma/ ceisteanna agaibh, fiafrai/gi/ dom ag rhodes@usafa.usafa.af.mil. The Burial of William O'Rooney In the old times there was a man by the name of William O'Rooney living near Clair-Galway. He was a farmer. One day the landlord came to him and said, "You owe me rent (1) for three years, and if you still owe it to me at the end of a week, I will throw you out on the side of the street." "I'm going to Galway tomorrow with a load of wheat to sell, and when I get its worth, I will pay you," said William. In the morning the next day, he put a load of wheat on the cart and he was going to Galway with it. When he was about a mile and a half from the house, a gentleman came to him and asked him,"Do you have wheat on the cart?" "Yes," said William, "I'm going to sell it (2) to pay my rent." "How much for it?" said the gentleman. "There's an honest ton there," said William. "I'll buy it from you," said the gentleman, "and I'll give you more than it's worth in the market. When you come as far as the little cart path which is on your left, turn in and go until you come to a large house which is in a valley, and I will then meet you (3) to give you your money." When William came as far as the path, he turned in, and he was going until he came as far as a large house. William was astonished when he saw the large house, for he was born and raised (4) in the neighborhood, and he had never seen the large house before, although he knew every house within five miles of him. When William came neart the barn which was next to the large house, a small boy came out and said, "A hundred thousand welcomes to you, William O' Rooney," put a sac on his back and took it inside. Another small boy came out, greeted William, put a sack on his back and went inside with it. There were boys coming, greeting William, and taking a sack with them, until the ton of wheat was gone. Then more boys came before him, and William said to them: "All of you know me, and I don't know any of you." Then they said to him, "Come in, and eat your dinner, the master is waiting for you." William went in and he sat down at the table. He had not eaten the second bite until a heavy sleep came upon him, and he fell down on the table. Then the wizard made a false man (that looked) like William, and sent it home to William's wife, with the horse, and with the cart. When he came to Williams's house, he went up into the (bed)room, lay upon the bed, and died. It was not long until the report went out that William O'Rooney was dead. The wife put water down (on the fire) and when it was hot, she washed the body and put it over the board (i.e. layed it out). The neighbors came and keened sadly over the body, and there was great sorrow for the poor wife, but she was not so sorrowful herself, because William was old and she herself young. The next day, they buried the body and there was no more remembrance of William. William's wife had a hired man and she said to him, "You should marry me and take (5) William's place." "It's too soon still, after there has been a death in the house," said the hired man, "wait until William has been buried for a week." When William had been asleep for seven days and seven nights a small boy came and woke him. Then he said to him, "You've (6) been sleeping for a week. We sent your horse and your cart home. Here's your money, now go." William came home, and since it was late in the night, no one saw him. In the morning of that day William's wife and the hired man had gone to the priest and asked him to marry them. "Do you have the marriage money? (7) said the priest. "No," said the woman, "but I have a whopper of a pig at home and I'll let you have it in place of money." The priest married them, and said, "I will send for (8) the pig tomorrow." When William came to his own door, he knocked on it. (9) The woman and the hired man had gone to bed, and they asked, "Who's there?" "It's me," said William. "Open the door for me." When they heard the voice, they knew that it was William who was there, and his wife said, "I can't (10) let you in, and it's a great shame for you to be coming back after you've been in the grave seven days." "Are you crazy?" said William. "No, I'm not crazy," said the woman, "Everyone in the parish knows that you died and that I buried you in a seemly manner." Go back to your grave, and I will have mass said for your poor soul tomorrow." "Wait until the light of day comes," said William, "and I'll give you your a reward for your joking!" Then he went int the stable, where his horse and pig were, lay downe in the straw, and fell asleep. In the morning on the next day,the priest said to the small boy he had, "Go to William O'Rooney's house and the woman I married yesterday will give you a pig to bring home with you." The boy came to the door of the house and began to knock on it (11) with a stick which he had. The woman was afraid to open the door, but she asked, "Who's there?" "It's me," said the boy, "The priest sent me to get a pig from you." "It's out in the stable," said the woman. The boy went into the stable and began to drive the pig out, when William rose up and said, "Where are you going with my pig?" When the boy saw William, off he went, (12) and he didn't stop until he came to the priest with his heart coming out of his mouth with fear. "What's the matter with you?" (13) said the priest. The boy told him that William O'Rooney was in the stable, and would not let him take the pig with him. "Keep quiet (14), you liar," said the priest, "William O'Rooney is dead and in the grave for a week. "Even if he had been dead seven years, I saw him in the stable a couple of moments ago, and if you don't believe (it), go yourself, and you will see him. Then the priest went and the boy with him to the door of the stable, and the priest said, "Go in and bring that pig out to me." "I wouldn't go in for someone of greater worth than you," said the boy. The priest went in then and he was driving the pig out, when William rose up from the straw and said, "Where are you going with my pig, Father Patrick?" When the priest saw William rise, off he went, saying: "In the name of God I order you back to the grave William O'Rooney." William began to run after the priest saying, "Father Patrick, are you crazy? Wait and speak to me." The priest didn't wait, but went home as fast as his feet could carry him, and when he came in, he shut the door. William was beating on the door until he was exhausted, but the priest would not let him in. Finally, he stuck his head out of the window which was high up on the house and said, "William O'Rooney, go back to your grave." "You're crazy, Father Patrick. I'm not dead, and I have never been in a grave since I left my mothers womb," (15) said William. "I saw you dead," said the priest, "You died suddenly and I was nearby when you were put in the grave, and I gave (literally "made") a fine sermon over you." "You certainly (16) are crazy as surely as I am alive," said William. "Get out of my sight now and I will say mass for you tomorrow," said the priest. William went home and knocked on his own door but the woman would not let him in. Then he said to himself, "I'll go and pay my rent." Everyone who saw William on the road going to the (land)lord's house ran from him, because they thought that he had died. When the landlord heard that William O'Rooney was comming, he shut the doors and would not let him in. William began to beat on the big doors until the (land)lord thought that he would break them in. The (land)lord came to a window which was high up on the house, and he asked, "What do you want?" "I came to pay my rent, like an honest man," said William. "Go back to your grave, and I will give you pardon (for the rent)," said the (land)lord. "I won't leave this (place) until I get a written document from you that I am paid up in full, until next May." The (land)lord gave him the written document, and he went home. He knocked on the door, but the woman would not let him in, saying to him that William O'Rooney was dead and buried, and that there was only a liar at the door." "I'm not a liar," said William, "I'm have just paid three years' rent to my master, and I will have possession of my own house, or I will know why!" He went to the barn, and he found a large bar of iron, and it was not long until he broke in the door. The womand and the newly married man were terribly afraid. They though that they were in the resurrection and that the end of the world was coming. "Why did you think I was dead?" said William. "Doesn't everyone in the parish know that your are dead?" said the woman. "To hell with you!" said William, "You've been joking with me long enough. Get me something to eat." The poor woman was very frightend and she prepared (17) food for him, and when she saw him eating and drinking, she said, "It's a miracle!" Then William told her his story, from beginning to end, and when he had told everything, he said, "I will go to the grave tomorrow, so that I can see the scoundral which you buried in my place." The next day William took some people with him, and he went to the graveyard, and they opened the grave, and they were going to open the coffin, and when they were lifting it up, a large, black dog leaped out, and away he went with William and the other men after him. They were following it until they saw it goining into the house which William had slept in. The the ground opened and the house went down, and no one has seen it since, but there is a large hole to see up to this day. When William and the young men went home, they told everything to the parish priest, and he dissolved the marriage which had been between William's wife and the hired man. William lived on for years after this, and he left a great fortune after him, and he is still remembered in Clair-Galway, and will be forever, if this story goes from the old men to the young men. __________________________________________________________________________ (1) In Irish "you owe me something" is literally "something is with me (agam) on you (ort). (2) Literally "I am going at its selling." (3) Literally "I will then be before you." (4) rugadh and to/gadh are past autonomous forms. Note that the subject of the autonomous form is "e/, i/, and iad" in the third person. (5) Note that the preposition do/a is missing before the verbal noun, but the lenation indicates its presence. (6) ta/ir = ta/ tu/ (7) Bhfuil = an bhfuil. In colloquial speech, the interrogative particle "an" is often dropped but the eclipsis it causes is still present (8) Literally "I will put knowledge on" an idiom in Irish which means to send for or summon. (9) Literally "He struck a blow on it." (10) "Ni/ thig liom" means "I can't", where "tig" is an old form for "tagann". (11) Literally "began its knocking." (12) "as go bra/ch leis" is an idiom for "off he went" literally "off with him forever" (13) Literally "What's on you?" (14) This should be "bi/" not "bhi/", the imperative form. (15) Should be "broinn" instead of "bronn" but that is what the text has. (16) The idomatic use of "Diabhal" like this is quite common. (17) This should be "gle/as" not "gle/ar" -- I miscopied it (in the old Irish alphabet, r and s look a lot alike). ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 30 Jul 92 08:56:34 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG Reading 6a A Chairde, Here is the first of three parts of the Elem IG reading # 6. It is from the Old Irish tale of the birth of the hero Cu/ Chulainn. I have simplified it and put it into standard Modern Irish. I will post the other two parts over the next several days, and then an English translation of it. I would greatly appreciate it if some native speakers could check this over and let me know of any mistakes I may have made in the conversion from Old to Modern Irish. Go raibh maith agaibh. If this goes well, I will try to do the same for some of the other ancient Irish tales as time permits. Sla/n, Mi/chea/l Breith Chon Chulainn In am i bhfad o/ shin a bhi/ Conchabhar Mac Neassa ina ri/ Chu/ige Uladh, agus bhi/ a chu/irt in Eamhain Macha. Tharla se/ la amhain gur dhearna Conchabhar flea/ in Eamhain Macha chun po/sta a dheirfe/ar Deichtire le Sualdaim Mac Roich. Ag an mbainis a bhuail tart Deichtire, agus thug siad di cupa/n fi/ona, agus mar a d'ith si/, d'eitil cuil Bhealtaine isteach sa chupa/n, agus d'o/l si/ siar leis an bhfi/on i/. La/ithreach a chuaigh si/ ina griana/n, agus a caoga caili/ni/ le/i, agus chuaigh si/ a chodladh trom. Agus ina codladh a nocht Lugh La/mh-Fhada di, agus du/irt se/: "Ba mise fe/in an chuil Bhealtaine a tha/inig duit sa chupa/n, agus is liomsa a gcaithidh tu/ imeacht anois, agus do chaoga caili/ni/ leat." Agus chuir se/ cuma ealta e/an orthu, agus chuaigh siad o/ dheas in e/ineacht leis go dti/ gur tha/inig siad chun Brugha na Bo/inne, an a/it gco/nai/onn na sio/gaithe inti. Agus ni/ raibh a fhios ag duine ar bith ce/n a/it ar dheachaigh siad, na/ ce/ard a tharla do/ibh. I dtra/tha bliana tar e/is an ama sin a bhi/ flea/ eile in Eamhain Macha, agus bhi/ Conchabhar agus a ardfhir ina sui/ ag an fhlea/. Agus go tobann a chonaic siad tri/d an bhfuinneog ealta mho/r e/an a tha/inig anuas ar an talamh agus thosaigh gach aon rud a ithe a raibh os a chomhair amach, chun na/r fhan aon seamaide amha/in d'fhe/ir. Bhi/ na Ulaidh i bhfeirg nuair a chonaic siad na he/in ag milleadh gach aon rud os a gcomhair amach, agus d'ullmhaigh siad a gcarbaid chun iad a leanu/int. Bhi/ Conchabhar ina charbad fe/in, agus lean Fergus Mach Roich, agus Laegaire Buadach, Buaiteoir na Gathanna, agus Cealthair Mac Uitheacar leis, agus mo/ra/n daoine eile, agus bhi/ Bricre an teanga searbh ina bhfocair. Lean siad na he/in trasna na ti/r iomla/n o/ dheas, trasna Sle/ibhe Fuadh in aice Sth Leathan agus Sth Ardae, agus na he/in ina n-aghaidh i gco/nai/. Ba e/in is a/ille iad a chonacthas riamh. Ba naoi n-ealtai/ di/obh a raibh ann, ceangailte le che/ile ina mbeirteanna le slabhra airgid, agus ar aghaidh gach ealta a bhi/ dha/ e/an ann a raibh dath e/agsu/il acu, ceangailte le che/ile le slabhra o/ir; agus bhi/ tri/ e/an ann a d'eitil leo fe/in, agus chuaigh siad go le/ir ar aghaidh na gcarbad chun taoibh thall den ti/r, go dti/ titim na hoi/che, agus ansin ni/or chonacthas iad a thuilleadh. Agus nuair a bhi/ an oi/che dhorcha ag titim, du/irt Conchabhar lena mhuintir: "Is fearr linn na carbaid a scor anois, agus a/it e/igin a lorgadh mar a bhfe/adaimid an oi/che a chaitheamh." -ar leanu/int (to be continued) ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 2 Aug 92 13:09:25 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG Reading # 6 B Breith Chon Chulainn (part b) Ansin chuaigh Fearghus ar aghaidh a/it e/igin a lorgadh, agus ba teach beag bocht e/ ar tha/inig se/ chuige. Bhi/ fear agus bean sa teach, agus nuair a chonaic siad e/, du/irt siad: "Tug do chompa/naigh anseo in e/ineacht leat, agus ta/ fa/ilte rompu." Chuaigh Fearghus ar ais chun a chompa/naigh agus d'inis do/ibh cibe/ a chonaic se/. Ach du/irt Bricre, "Ce/n mhaith a dhul isteach i teach mar sin, agus ni/l sli/ go leor na/ lo/n na/ pluideanna ann? Ni/ fiu/ du/inn e/ a dhul isteach." Ansin chuaigh Bricre leis fe/in chun an a/it a raibh an teach ann. Ach nuair a tha/inig se/ chuige, ba teach mo/r nua soilseach e/ a chonaic se/, agus ag an doras a bhi/ fear o/g ann a bhi/ an-ard do/ighiu/il lonrach. Agus du/irt se/, "Tar isteach sa teach, a Bhricre. Cen fa/th ata/ tu/ ag fe/achaint timpeall ort?" Agus bhi/ bean o/g lena ais a bhi/ go brea/ uasal, agus bhi/ gruaig chatach aice. Agus du/irt si/: "Go cinnte ta/ fa/ilte romhat agam." "Ce/n fa/th a chuireann si/ fa/ilte romham?" ar Bricre. "Is ar mhaithe le/i a chuireann me/ fe/in fa/ilte romhat," arsa an fear o/g. "Agus nach bhfuil aon duine ar iarraidh agaibh in Eamhain Macha?" ar seisean. "Ta/, go deimhin," ar Bricre. "Ta/ caoga caili/ni/ o/ga ar iarraidh againn le bliain." "d'aithneofa/ iad ari/s da/ bhfeicfea/ iad?" arsa an fear o/g. "D'aithneoinn iad," ar Bricre. "Fe/ach iad a aithint ansin," arsa an fear, "o/ir ta/ na caoga caili/ni/ o/ga isteach sa teach seo, agus is i/ an bean seo i m'aice a ma/istrea/s Deichtire. Is iad fe/in a tha/inig chun Eamhna Macha sibh a tho/ga/il anseo." Ansin thug Deichtire do Bhricre brat corcra le scotho/ga o/ir, agus chuaigh se/ tar e/is a chompa/naigh a fha/il. Ach fad a bhi/ se/ ag dul, smaoinigh se/: "Thabharfadh Conchabhar sto/r mo/r na caoga caili/ni/ a fha/il ari/s, agus a dheirfiu/r in e/ineacht leo. Ni/ inseoidh me/ do/ go bhfuair me/ iad. Ni/ inseoidh me/ ach go bhfuair me/ teach agus mna/ a/ille ann, agus ni/ dhe/arfaidh me/ ni/os mo/ na/ sin." Nuair a chonaic Conchabhar Bricre, d'fhiafraigh se/ sce/ala de. "Ce/n sce/ala a thugann tu/ ar ais leat, a Bhricre?" ar seisean. "Tha/inig me/ chun ti/ bhre/a shoilsigh," ar Bricre. "Chonaic me/ banri/on uasal charthanach a raibh cuma ri/oga agus gruaig chatach aice. Chonaic me/ feadhain ban a/lainn feistithe go maith. Chonaic me/ fear an ti/ a bhi/ ard do/ighiu/l lonrach." "Te/imis anseo ar feadh na hoi/che," ar Conchabhar. Da/ bhri/ sin a tho/g siad a gcarbaid agus a gcapaill agus a airm. Agus ni/ raibh siad ach sa teach nuair a to/gadh ar a n-aghaidh an uile chinea/l bia agus o/il, chuid a aithni/onn siad agus cuid nach aithni/onn siad. Agus chaith siad oi/che thaitneamhach ansin. Agus nuair a d'ith siad agus d'o/l, thos siad ag fa/il a sa/samh, agus du/airt Conchabhar leis an fear o/g: "Ca/ bhfuil ma/istrea/s an ti/ nach dtagann si/ fa/ilte a chur romhainn?" "Ni/ fhe/adann sibh i/ a fheicea/il anocht," ar seisean, "o/ir ta/ si/ i bpian bhreithe clainne." -ar leanu/int (to be continued) ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Aug 92 13:47:44 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: ELEM IG Reading #6 c Breith Chon Chulainn (part c) Da/ bhri/ sin a ghlac siad suaimhneas ansin an oi/che sin, agus ar maidin b'e/ Conchabhar a bhi/ ar an gce/ad duine a e/iri/, ach ni/ fhaca se/ fear an ti/. B'e/ gol linbh a chuala se/. Chuaigh se chun an sheomra a raibh an gol a tha/inig uaidh, agus ansin a chonaic Deichtire, agus a caili/ni/ ina timpeall, agus leanbh o/g ina haice. Chuir si/ fa/ilte roimh Chonchabhar, agus d'inis si/ an uile a tharla di, agus gur ghlaoigh si/ ansin air i/ fe/in agus an leanbh a tho/ga/il tar ais chun Eamhna Macha. Agus du/irt Conchabhar: "Is maith a rinne tu/ orm, a Deichtire. Thug tu/ di/dean dom agus do mo charbaid, chumhdaigh tu/ mo chapaill ar an bhfuacht, thug tu/ bia dom agus do mo mhuintir, agus anois a thug tu/ an bronntanas seo maith du/inn. To/gadh a/r ndeirfiu/r, Fionnchaomh, an leanbh," ar seisean. "Ni/ tho/gadh, ni/l ceart aice e/ a tho/gadh, ach ta/ ceart agamsa," ar Seancha Mac Ailealla, ardbhreitheamh agus ardfhile Cu/ige Uladh. "Pir ta/im oilte i gconspo/id. Labhrai/m roimh dhuine ar bith i bhfianaise an ri/. Tugaim aire da/ dheireann se/. Tugaim breith i dtroideanna ri/the. Is breitheamh na nUladh me/. Ni/l aon duine ar bith a bhfuil ceart aige m'e/ileamh a phle/, ach Conchabhar." "Ma/ tugtar an leanbh domsa chun e/ a tho/ga/il, ar Blaoi, an Da/ileoir, "ni/ bheidh se/ i ndi/th aire na/ dearmadfar e/. Is mo theachtaireachtai/ iad a dhe/anas toil Conchabhair. Glaoim ar na gaisci/gh o/ E/ire go le/ir. Fe/adaim sola/thar do/ibh go hiomla/n le seachtain, no/ le deich la/ go fiu/. Socrai/m a ngno/ agus a gconspo/idi/. Neartai/m a ono/ir. Faighim sa/samh i gcoir a dtarcaisni/." "Ta/ an iomarca measa agat ort fe/in," ar Fearghus. "Is mise a tho/gfaidh an leanbh. Ta/im la/idir. Ta/ eolas agam. Is teachtaire an ri/ me/. Ni/l aon duine ar bith ata/ inchomo/rtais liom i dtaca le hono/ir no/ saibhreas. Ta/im cruaite le cogaidh agus cathanna. Is maith an ceardai/ me/. Ta/im fiu/ntach leanbh a tho/ga/il. Is me/ cosanto/ir an uile dhuine mi/shona. Ta/ eagla orm roimh na daoine la/idre. Is me/ cu/nto/ir na ndaoine laga." "Ma/ e/istfidh sibh liom anois," ar Amhairghean, "fe/adaim an leanbh a tho/ga/il mar ri/. Molann na daoine m'ono/ir, mo chalmacht, mo mhi/sneach, mo ghaois. Molann siad m'a/dh, m'aois, mo labhairt, m'ainm, mo chro/gacht, agus mo chine. Ce/ gur gaisci/och me/, is file me/. Ta/ meas mo/r orm ag an ri/. Beirim bua ar an uile dhuine a throideann sa charbad. Ni/l bui/ochas ag aon duine orm ach Conchabhar Ni/ ghe/illim do aon duine ach an ri/. Ansin a du/irt Seancha: "Coinni/odh Fionnchaomh an leanbh go dti/ go dtagaimid chun Eamhna Macha, agus fuasclo/idh Morann, an breitheamh, an cheist nuair ata/imid anseo." Mar sin, chuaigh na Ulaidh chun Eamhna Macha, agus an leanbh ag Fionnchaomh. Agus nuair a tha/inig siad anseo, thug Morann a bhreith. "Cuidi/odh Conchabhar leis an leanbh ainm maith a bheith aige, mar go bhfuil se/ gaolmhar leis. Mu/ineadh Seancha focail agus labhairt do/. Cuireadh Fearghus ar a ghlu/ine e/. Biodh Amhairghean a theagasco/ir." Agus ar seisean: "Molfar an leanbh leis an uile dhuine, le tioma/naithe carbaid agus gaisci/gh, le ri/the agus fir feasa; gra/fidh mo/ra/n fir e/; bainfaidh se/ bhur maslai/ go le/ir; cosno/idh se/ bhur n-a/thanna; troidfidh se/ bhur gcathanna go le/ir." Da/ bhri/ sin a fuasclai/odh an cheist. Agus d'fhag siad an leanbh go dti/ go dtaga se/ chun blianta na che/ille, lena mha/thair Deichtire agus lena fear che/ile Sualdaim. Agus tho/g siad ar ma/ Mhuirtheimhne e/, agus b'ainm do/ Se/adanta Mac Sualdama. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 4 Aug 92 16:17:10 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: ELEM IG Reading # 6, Translation Here is the translation for the Elementary IG reading # 6, parts a, b, and c. Please contact me if there are any questions or comments regarding it. Go raibh maith agaibh. The Birth of Cu Chulainn Long ago Connor son of Ness was king of Ulster, and his court was in Eamhain Macha. It happened one day that Connor held a feast in Eamhain Macha for the marriage of his sister Deichtire with Sualdaim Mac Roich. At the feast Deichtire got thirsty, and they brought her a cup of wine, and as she was eating, a May fly flew into the cup and she drank it down with the wine. Immediately she went in her sun room and her fifty maidens with her, and she fell into a deep sleep. And in her sleep Lugh Long-Hand appeared to her, and he said: "I was the May fly that came to you in the cup, and now you must go away with me, and your fifty maidens with you." And he put the form of a flock of birds on them, and they went south with him until they came to Brugh na Boinne, the place where the fairies live. And no one knew where they had gone, nor what had happened to them. About a year after that time there was another feast in Eamhain Macha, and Connor and his chieftains were sitting at the feast. And suddenly they saw through the window a large flock of birds which came down on the ground and began to eat everything before them, so that not one blade of grass remained. The men of Ulster were angry when they saw the birds destroying everything before them, and they got their chariots ready to follow them. Connor was in his own chariot, and Fergus Mac Roich followed, and Laegaire Buadach, the Reaper of Battles, and Cealthair Mac Uitheacar also, and many others, and Bricre, the Bitter Tongue, was with them. They followed the birds across the entire land southwards, across Mount Fuadh near Ath Leathan and Ath Ardae, with the birds always in front of them. They were the most beautiful birds which had ever been seen. There were nine flocks of them, bound together in pairs with a silver chain, and in front of each flock there were two birds which had a different color, bound together with a chain of gold; and there were three birds that flew by themselves, and they all went before the chariots to the far side of the land, until night fell, and then they were seen no more. And when the dark night was falling, Connor said to his people: "It is best that we now unyoke the chariots, and search for some place where we can spend the night." Then Fergus went forward to find some place, and he came to a poor little house. There was a man and a women in the house, and when they saw him, they said: "Bring your companions here with you, and there is a welcome for them." Fergus went back to his companions and told them what he had seen. But Bricre said, "What good is it to go into such a house as that, and there is not enough room nor provisions nor blankets there.? It's not worth our while to go in there." Then Bricre went by himself to the place where the house was. But when he came to it, he saw a large bright new house, and at the door there was a young man, who was very tall, handsome, and shining. And he said, "Come into the house, Bricre. Why are you looking around?" And there was a young woman by him who was fine and noble, and she had curly hair. And she said, "I certainly welcome you." "Why do you welcome me?" said Bricre. "She would like me to welcome you myself," said the young man. "And are you in Eamhain Macha looking for anyone?" he said. "Yes, certainly," said Bricre. "We have been looking for fifty young maidens for a year." "Would you recognize them if you should see them?" said the young man. "I would recognize them," said Bricre. "Try to recognize them then," said the young man, "for the fifty young maidens are in this house, and this woman at my side is your mistress Deichtire. They themselves came to Eamhain Macha to bring you here." Then Deichtire gave Bricre a purple cloak with gold tassels and he went back to get his companions. But while he was going, he thought, "Connor would give a great treasure to get the fifty maidens again, and his sister with them. I won't tell him that I found them. I will only tell him that I found a house and a beautiful woman there, and I will not say more than that." When Connor saw Bricre, he asked news of him. "What news have you brought back with you, Bricre?" "I came to a fine, bright house," said Bricre. "I saw a friendly noble queen who had a royal bearing and curly hair. I saw a company of beautiful well-dressed women. I saw the man of the house who was tall, handsome, and shining." "Let's go there for the night," said Connor. So they took their chariots and their horses and their arms to the house. They were only in the house when all sorts of food and drink were set before them, some of which they recognized, and some of which they didn't. And they spent a pleasant night there. And when they had eaten and drunk and they began to be satisfied, Connor said to the young man, "Where is the mistress of the house that she did not come to welcome us?" "You cannot see her tonight," he said, "because she is in the pains of childbirth." Therefore they rested there that night, and in the morning it was Connor who was the first to rise, but he did not see the man of the house. He heard the cry of a child. He went to the room the cry was coming from, and there he saw Deichtire with her maidens around her, and a young child next to her. She welcomed Connor, and she told him everything that had happened to her, and that she had summoned him there to bring her and the child back to Eamhain Macha. And Connor said, "You have been good to me, Deichtire. You gave shelter to me and my chariots, you protected my horses from the cold, you gave food to me and my people, and now you have given us this good gift." "Let our sister, Fionnchaomh, take the child," he said. "No, she hasn't the right to take him, but I have the right," said Seancha Mac Ailealla, chief judge and chief poet of Ulster. "For I am skilled in argument. I speak before anyone in the presence of the king. I am the judge of Ulster. No one has the right to dispute my claim except Connor." "If the child is given to me to raise," said Blaoi, the Distributor, "he will not be in need of care nor will he be forgotten. It is my messages that do Connor's will. I summon the warriors from all of Ireland. I am able to supply them completely for a week, or even for ten days . I settle their business and their controversies. I strengthen their honor. I get satisfaction for their insults." "You have too much regard for yourself," said Fergus. "I am the one who will rear the child. I am strong. I have knowledge. I am a messenger of the king. There is no one who is comparable to me in regard to honor or wealth. I am hardened by war and battle. I am a good craftsman. I am worthy of raising the child. I am the protector of every unhappy man. Strong men fear me. I am the helper of the weak." "If you will listen to me now," said Amhairghean, "I can raise the child as a king. Men praise my honor, my bravery, my courage, my wisdom. They praise my good fortune, my age, my speaking, my name, my hardiness, and my race. Although I am a warrior, I am a poet. The king holds me in high regard. I am victorious over everyone who fights in the chariot. I owe no gratitude to anyone but Connor. I yield to no one but the king." Then said Seancha, "Let Fionnchaomh keep the child until we come to Eamhain Macha, and Morann, the judge, will solve this problem when we are there. So the Ulstermen went to Eamhain Macha, and the child was with Fionnchaomh. And when they came there, Morann gave his judgement. "Let Connor help the child to have a good name, because he is related to him. Let Seancha teach him words and speaking. Let Fergus put him on his knees. Let Amhairghean be his tutor." And he said, "The child will be praised by everyone, by chariot drivers and warriors, by kings and wise men. Many men will love him. He will get rid of all your insults. He will defend all your fords. He will fight all your battles. In this way the problem was solved. And they left the child, until he should come to the years of understanding, with his mother Deichtire and her husband, Sualdaim. And they raised him in the plain of Muirtheimhne, and his name was Seadanta son of Sualdaim. ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 9 Aug 92 20:58:11 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG Reading # 7 With this reading, I am continuing the stories of the Old Irish hero Cu/ Chulainn. The last reading gave the story of his supernatural birth, and this story tells how he got the name Cu/ Chulainn. These stories are part of the cycle of ancient Irish myths known as "an Craobh Rua" - the Red Branch. I will provide a translation and grammatical commentary for this later in the week. Also, let me ask now if everyone got the correct translation for the Birth of Cu/ Chulainn I posted last week? I posted the wrong translation first and then later corrected it. If there are any questions or comments, please contact me directly. Mike Rhodes rhodes@usafa.usafa.af.mil An Chaoi a Fuair Cu/ Chulainn a Ainm Bhi/ gabha mo/r i gCu/ige Uladh, agus Culann ab ainm do/. Rinne se/ flea/ i gco/ir Chonchabhair agus a mhuintir. Nuair a bhi/ Conchabhar ag dul chun na flea/, ghabh se/ thar an bhfaiche ina raibh bui/on buachailli/ ag imirt cluichi/. D'fhe/ach se/ ar feadh tamaill orthu, agus chonaic se/ conas mar a bhi/ an la/mh in uachatar ag mac Deichtire orthu go le/ir sa chluiche. "Fo/irfidh an buachaill beag sin ar Chu/ige Uladh go fo/ill," ar Conchabhar. "Agus glaoigi/ anall chugam anois air," ar seisean, "agus tagadh se/ liom chun flea/ an ghabha." "Ni/ fe/idir liom dul leat anois," arsa Se/adanta, nuair a ghlaoigh siad air, "o/ir ni/l a ndo/thain imeartha ag na buachailli/ seo fo/s." "Bheadh se/ ro/fhada, da/ bhfanfainn leat," arsa an ri/. "Ni/ ga/ dhuit fanu/int. Leanfaidh me/ lorg na gcarbad," arsa Se/adanta. Mar sin, chuaigh Conchabhar chun ti/ an ghabha, agus bhi/ fa/ilte roimhe ann. Leagadh luachair u/r amach, agus bhi/ da/nta agus amhra/in agus aithris dli/the, agus tugadh an bia isteach, agus d'e/irigh siad su/gach. Agus ansin du/irt Culann leis an ri/: "An dtiocfaidh aon duine eile de do mhuintir i do dhiaidh anocht?" "Ni/ thiocfaidh," arsa Conchabhar, mar dhearmad se/ gur inis se/ don bhuachaill beag e/ a leanu/int. "Ach ce/n fa/th a fhiafrai/onn tu/ dom e/ sin?" ar seisean. "Ta/ cu/ mo/r fi/ochmhar agam," arsa an gabha, "agus nuair a bhainaim an slabhra de, ni/ ligeann se/ do dhuine ar bith teacht isteach sa cheantar, agus ni/ ghe/illeann se/ do dhuine ar bith ach me/ fe/in, agus ta/ neart ce/ad cu/ aige." "Scaoil amach e/," ar Conchabhar, "go gcuire se/ faire ar an a/it." Da/ bhri/ sin scaoil Culann amach e/, agus chuaigh an cu/ timpeall an cheantair go le/ir. Ansin tha/inig se/ chun na ha/ite a lui/odh se/ de ghna/th, agus d'fhair se/ an teach. Agus bhi/ faiti/os ar ghach aon duine roimhe, mar bhi/ se/ chomh fi/ochmhar agus chomh crua/lach agus chomh hallta. Agus maidir leis na buachailli/ in Eamhain Macha, nuair a bhi/ deireadh leis an gcluiche acu, chuaigh gach aon duine chun ti/ a athar, no/ chun ti/ cibe/ ar bith a bhi/ i bhfeighil air. Ach lean Se/adanta lorg na gcarbad, ag giorru/ na sli/ do/ fe/in, mar a bhi/ de no/s aige a dhe/anamh, lena chama/n agus a chrag ioma/na. Nuair a tha/inig se/ chun na faiche ar aghaidh ti/ an ghabha, chuala an cu/ ag teacht e/, agus thosaigh se/ ag tafann chomh fi/ochmhar go gloisfi/ e/ ar fud Cu/ige Uladh. Thug an cu/ a/ladh ar Se/adanta d'fhonn is an buachaill a stro/icfeadh ina mhionbhlu/iri/ agus a shlogfadh le haon bholgam amha/in. Ni/ raibh d'arm ag Se/adanta ach a chama/n agus a chrag, ach nuair a chonaic se/ an cu/ ag teacht chuige, bhuail se/ an crag leis an oiread sin nirt go ndeachaigh se/ si/os i mbe/al an chon, agus tri/na chorp. Ansin rug se/ greim ar a chosa deiridh agus theilg se/ in e/adan carraige e/ go dti/ nach raibh aon bheatha fa/gtha ann. Nuair a chuala na fir istigh sa teach tafann an chon, d'e/irigh Conchabhar de le/im agus du/irt: "Ni/ de thoradh a/idh a tharla se/ seo, mar go deimhin is e/ mac mo dheirfe/ar a chuir ba/s leis an gcu/." Leis sin bhrostaigh gach fear amach, gan fanu/int le dul amach an doras, ach anuas na ballai/ agus na clai/ocha leo da/ mb'fhe/idir leo e/. Ach b'e/ Feargus an che/ad duine a shroich an a/it ina raibh an buachaill, agus tho/g se/ ar a ghualainn e/, agus thug se/ go sla/n sa/bha/ilte go dti/ Conchabhar e/, agus bhi/ a/thas mo/r orthu go le/ir. Ach chuaigh Culann, an gabha, amach leo, agus nuair a chonaic se/ a chu/ mo/r si/nte marbh briste, bhi/ bro/n mo/r ina chroi/, agus tha/inig se/ isteach agus du/irt le Se/adanta: "Ni/l fa/ilte mhaith romhat anseo." "Cad ata/ ort in aghaidh an mhalraigh?" arsa Conchabhar. "Ni/ h-e/ an t-a/dh a thugann anseo e/, na/ faoi ndear dom an fhlea/ a ullmhu/ dhuit fe/in, a ri/," ar seisean, "o/ir as seo amach, toisc mo chu/ a bheith marbh, beidh mo thoice scriosta, agus beidh mo shli/ bheatha imithe. Agus a mhalraigh," ar seisean, "ba de mo theaghlach fe/in an cu/ sin a bhain tu/ di/om, o/ir b'e/ cosanto/ir mo mhaoine agus mo thre/ada agus mo shealbha/in agus gach aon rud a bhi/ agam e/." "Na/ biodh aon fhearg/ ort faoi sin," arsa an buachaill, "is me/ fe/in a dhi/olfaidh duit as an rud a rinne me/." "Conas a dhe/anfaidh tu/ e/ sin?" arsa Conchabhar. "Is i/ seo an chaoi a dhe/anfaidh me/ e/: ma/ ta/ aon choilea/n den pho/r ce/anna le fa/il in E/irinn, to/gfaidh me/ e/ agus mu/infidh me/ e/ go dti/ go mbeidh se/ chomh maith leis an gcu/ a mharaigh me/. Agus go dti/ an t-am sin, a Chulainn," ar seisean, "Is me/ fe/in a bheidh mar ghadhar faire agat, de/anfaidh me/ do mhaoin a fhaire agus do bho/lacht agus do theach." "Is co/ir an tairiscint a thug tu/" arsa Conchabhar. "Ni/or fhe/adfainn breithiu/nas ni/os fearr a thabhairt," arsa Cathbhadh, an Draoi. "Agus as seo," ar seisean, "is Cu/ Chulainn a thabharfar ort." "Is fearr liom m'ainm fe/in, Se/adanta Mac Sualdama," arsa an buachaill. "Na/ habair e/ sin," ar Cathbhadh, "o/ir la/ e/igin beidh ainm Chon Chulainn i mbe/il na bhfear ar fud an domhain go le/ir." "Ma/s fi/or sin, ta/im sa/sta e/ a choinnea/il," arsa an buachaill. Agus is i/ sin an chaoi a fuair se/ an t-ainm Cu/ Chulainn. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 18 Aug 92 07:46:40 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG Reading # 7, Translation Here is the translation of "How Cu/ Chulainn got his Name" with some grammatical commentary. If there are any questions or comments, please contact me at mrhodes@gemstones.usafa.af.mil How Cu Chulainn Got his Name There was a great smith in Ulster, and Culann was his name.(1) He held a feast for Connor (2) and his people. When Connor was going to the feast, he went by the lawn where the company of boys (3) were playing games. He watched them for a while, and he saw how the son of Deichtire (4) was beating all of them at the game. "That little lad will come to the aid of Ulster yet," said Connor. "Summon him to me now," he said, "and let him go (5) with me to the Smith's feast." "I can't go with you now," said Seadanta, when they summoned him, "because these boys have not yet had enough playing." (6) "It would be too long, if I waited for you," said the king. (7) "There's no need for you to wait. I'll follow the track of the chariots," said Seadanta. So Connor went to the smith's house, and was welcomed there. Fresh rushes were laid out, and there were poems and songs and recitations of law, and the food was brought in, and they became merry. And then Culann said to the king, "Will anyone else of your people be coming after you tonight?" "No," (8) said Connor, for (9) he had forgotten that he told the little lad to follow him. "But why are you asking me this?" he said. "I have a large fierce hound," said the smith, "and when I take the chain off him, he doesn't allow anyone to come into the district, and he doesn't obey anyone but me, and he has the strength of a hundred hounds." "Let him loose," said Connor, "so he can guard (10) the place." Therefore Culann let him loose, and the hound went around the entire district. Then he came back to where he was in the habit of lying (11) and he guarded the house. And everyone feared him, because he was so fierce and so cruel and so wild. And as for the boys at Eamhain Macha, when they had finished with the game (12), everyone went to his father's house, or to whoever cared for him. But Seadanta followed the track of the chariots, shortening the way for himself as was his custom to do, with his hurling stick and his ball. When he came to the lawn before the smith's house, the hound heard him coming, and began to bark so fiercely that he was heard throughout Ulster. The hound lunged at Seadanta hoping that he could tear the boy into tiny bits and swallow him with one bite. (13) Seadanta didn't have any weapon but his stick and ball, but when he saw the hound coming at him, he hit the ball with so much force that it went into the hound's mouth and through his body. Then he grabbed his back legs and threw him against a rock until there was no more life left in him. When the men inside the house heard the baying of the hound, Connor rose up with a leap and said, "It is not as the result of luck that this has happened, for certainly that is the son of my sister who has met his death by the hound." (14) With that, every man hurried out, without waiting to go out the door, but over the walls and the fences if they could. But Fergus was the first person to come to where (15) the boy was, and took him on his shoulder, and brought him safe and sound to Connor, and everyone was very happy. But Culann, the smith, went out with them, and when he saw his great hound lying dead and broken, there was great sorrow in his heart, and he came in and said to Seadanta, "There is not a good welcome here for you." "What have you got against the lad?" said Connor. "It was not good fortune that brought him here, nor that caused me to prepare a feast for you, Oh king," he said, "for as a result of this, since my hound is dead, my wealth will be destroyed, my means of livelihood will be gone. And you lad," he said, "It was a good member of my family that you took from me, for he was the protector of my property, my flocks, my herds, and everything which I have. "Don't be angry about this," said the boy, "I myself shall make this thing up to you for what I have done." "How will you do that?" said Connor. "This is how I'll do it: If there is a whelp of the same breed to be got in Ireland, I will get it and train it until it is as good as the hound which I killed. And until that time, Culann," he said, "I myself will be your watch dog, to watch you property and your cattle and your house." "You have given a just offer," said Connor. "I could not have given a better judgment," said Cathbhadh (16), the Druid. "And therefore," he said, "You will be called 'Cu Chulainn' (the Hound of Culann)." "I prefer my own name, Seadanta Mac Sualdaim," said the boy. "Don't say that," said Cathbhadh, "because some day the name Cu Chulainn will be in the mouths of men throughout the whole world." "If that's true, I'm satisfied to keep it," said the boy. And that is how he got the name Cu Chulainn. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grammatical Notes: (1) Literally "and Culann was a name to him." "Ab" is the past relative form of the copula "is". (2) Conchabhar [kon@xu:r] - Usually rendered Connor in English, was a famous king of Ulster. (3) The "company of boys" were boys attached to Connor's court who were learning how to become warriors. (4) Deichtire was Connor's sister and the mother of Se/adanta (Cu/ Chulainn) by the god Lu/gh. (5) Tugadh is a third person imperative. (6) Literally "There is not their sufficiency of playing at the boys." (7) Note the use of the conditional here in both parts of the conditional clause here. The conditional indicates that this is contrary to fact. It would be too long, if I waited (but I'm not going to wait.) The standard form for contrary to fact conditions is: da/ + conditional (or past subjunctive), conditional (or past subjunctive). e.g. Da/ bhfeicfinn (bhfeicinn) e/, labharfainn (labharainn) leis. If I saw him, I would speak to him. OR If I had seen him, I would have talked to him. A couple of points here. First either the conditional or the past subjunctive can be used (the past subjunctive is identical in form to the imperfect or past habitual. Also, Irish does not distinguish between present/future and past contrary to fact like English does--you have to get that from context. (8) To say "yes" or "no" in Irish, the verb (with ni/ for the negative) is simply repeated. (9) "Mar" followed by the direct relative ("a" with lenation) can mean either "as" or "for." "Mar" followed by the indirect relative ("a" with eclipsis in present, "ar" with lenation in past (except for irregular verbs) means "where." (10) "Go" with the present subjunctive in a subordinate clause can be translated as "that/so that" or "until" depending on context. In an independent clause, "go" with the subjunctive indicates a wish, e.g. "Go mbeannai/ Dia dhuit." May God bless you. "until" depending on context. (11) Imperfect/past habitual. (12) Literally, "when there was an end with the game at them." (13) "stro/cfeadh" and "shlogfadh" are both in the conditional. "Faoi mar a" with the conditional is translated "as if ...". (14) This should read: "is e/ mac mo dheirfe/ar a fuair se/ ba/s as siocair an chon." (15) "chun na ha/ite a raibh an buachaill ann." literally - to the place which the boy was in. "A" with eclipsis and requiring the dependent form of the verb (where one exists) is used here. (16) Cathbhadh [kafa] ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 26 Aug 92 09:29:32 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Michael Rhodes Subject: Elem IG: Reading #8 Here is an excerpt from the novel Se/adna by Peter O'Leary. I've included a vocabulary with it. I will post a translation and grammatical commentary in a few days. Note that O'Leary writes in Munster dialect, which has several differences froms standard Irish. I have tried to point these out in the accompanying vocabulary. Any questions can be sent to me at mrhodes@diamond.usafa.af.mil Se/adna Bhi/ fear ann fado/ agus is e/ ainm a bhi/ air na/ Se/adna. Gre/asai/ ab ea e/. Bhi/ teach beag deas cluthar aige ag bun cnoic, ar thaobh na fothna. Bhi/ cathaoir shu/ga/in aige do dhein se/ fe/in do/ fe/in, agus ba ghna/th leis sui/ inti um thra/tho/na, nuair a bhi/odh obair an lae cri/ochnaithe, agus nuair a shui/odh se/ inti bhi/odh se/ ar a sha/stacht. Bhi/ mealbho/g mine aige ar crochadh i n-aice na tine, agus anois agus ari/s chuireadh se/ a la/mh inti agus tho/gadh se/ la/n a dhoirn den mhin, agus bhi/odh se/ da/ chogaint ar a shuaimhneas. Bhi/ crann u/ll ag fa/s ar an dtaobh amuigh de dhoras aige, agus nuair a bhi/odh tart air o/ bheith ag cogaint na mine, chuireadh se/ la/mh sa chrann san agus tho/gadh se/ desna hu/llaibh, agus d'itheadh se/ e/. La/ da/ raibh se/ ag de/anamh bro/g, thug se/ fe/ ndeara na/ raibh athuilleadh leathair aige, na/ a thuilleadh sna/tha, na/ a thuilleadh ce/arach. Bhi/ an taoibhi/n de/anach thuas agus an greim de/anach curtha, agus ni/orbh fhola/ir do/ dul agus abhar do shola/thar sara bhfe/adfadh se/ a thuilleadh bro/g a dhe/anamh. Do ghluais se/ ar maidin, agus bhi/ tri/ scillinge ina pho/ca, agus ni/ raibh se/ ach mi/le o/n dteach nuair a bhuail duine bocht uime, a d'iarraidh de/arca. "Tabhair dhom de/irc ar son an tSla/naitheora agus le hanmain do mharbh, agus thar cheann do shla/inte," arsan duine bocht. Thug Se/adna scilling do/, agus ansan ni/ raibh aige ach dha/ scilling. Du/airt se/ leis fe/in go mb'fhe/idir go nde/anfadh an da/ scilling a ghno/. Ni/ raibh se/ ach mi/le eile o/ bhaile nuair a bhuail bean bhocht uime agus i/ cos-nochtaithe. "Tabhair dhom cu/namh e/igin," ar sise, "ar son an tSla/naitheora, agus le hanmain do mharbh, agus thar cheann do shla/inte." Do ghlac trua dhi e/, agus thug se/ scilling di, agus d'imigh si/. Do bhi/ aon scilling amha/in ansan aige, ach do choma/in se/ leis, ag brath air go mbuailfeadh seans e/igen uime a chuirfeadh ar a chumas a ghno/ a dhe/anamh. Ni/orbh fhada gur casadh air leanbh agus e/ ag gol le fuacht agus le hocras. "Ar son an tSla/naitheora," arsan leanbh, "tabhair dhom rud e/igin le n-ithe." Bhi/ teach o/sta i ngar do/ibh, agus do chuaigh Se/adna isteach ann, agus cheannaigh se/ bri/c ara/in agus thug se/ chun an linbh e/. Nuair a fuair an leanbh an t-ara/n d'athraigh a dhealbh. D'fha/s se/ suas i n-aoirde, agus do las solas iontach 'na shu/ilibh agus 'na cheannaithibh, i dtreo go dta/inig scanradh ar She/adna. Cho/mh luath agus d'fhe/ad se/ labhairt, du/irt se/. "Cad e/ an saghas duine thusa?" Agus is e/ freagra a fuair se/: "A She/adna, ta/ Dia bui/och di/ot. Aingeal is ea mise. Is me/ an tri/u/ haingeal gur thugais de/irc do/ inniu ar son an tSla/naitheora. Agus anois ta/ tri/ ghui/ agat le fa/il o/ Dhia na glo/ire. Iarr ar Dhia aon tri/ ghui/ is toil leat, agus gheobhair iad. Ach ta/ aon chomhairle amha/in agam-sa le tabhairt duit--na/ dearmhad an tro/caire." "Agus an ndeirir liom go bhaighead mo ghui/?" arsa Se/adna. "Deirim, gan amhras," arsan t-aingeal. "Ta/ go maith," arsa Se/adna. "Ta/ cathaoir bheag deas shu/ga/in agam sa bhaile, agus an uile dhailti/n a thagann isteach, ni/ fola/ir leis sui/ inti. An che/ad duine eile a shui/fidh inti, ach me/ fe/in, go gceangla se/ inti!" "Faire, faire, a She/adna!" arsan t-aingeal; "sin gui/ bhrea/ imithe gan tairbhe. Ta/ dha/ cheann eile agat, agus na/ dearmhad an tro/caire." "Ta/," arsa Se/adna, "mealbho/igi/n mine agam sa bhaile, agus an uile dhailti/n a thagann isteach, ni/ fola/ir leis a dhorn a sha/ inti. An che/ad duine eile a chuirfidh la/mh sa mhealbho/ig sin, ach me/ fe/in, go gceangla se/ inti, fe/ach!" "O, a She/adna, a She/adna, ni/l fasc agat!" arsan t-aingeal. "Ni/l agat anois ach aon ghui/ amha/in eile. Iarr tro/caire De/ dot' anam." "O, is fi/or dhuit," arsa Se/adna, "ba dho/bair dom e/ dearmhad. Ta/ crann beag u/ll agam i leataoibh mo dhorais, agus an uile dhailti/n a thagann an treo, ni/ fola/ir leis a la/mh do chur i n-airde agus u/ll do stathadh agus do bhreith leis. An che/ad duine eile, ach me/ fe/in, a chuirfidh la/mh sa chrann san, go gceangla se/ ann!--O! a dhaoine," ar seisean, ag sceartadh ar gha/iri/, "nach agam a bheidh an spo/rt orthu!" Nuair a tha/inig se/ as na trithi/bh, d'fhe/ach se/ suas agus bhi/ an t-aingeal imithe. Dhein se/ a mhachnamh air fe/in ar feadh tamaill mhaith. Fe/ dheireadh thiar thall, dubhairt se/ leis fe/in: "Fe/ach anois, ni/l aon amada/n i n-E/irinn is mo/ na/ me/! Da/ mbeadh triu/r ceangailte agam um an dtaca so, duine sa chathaoir, duine sa mhealbho/ig, agus duine sa chrann, cad e/ an mhaith a dhe/anfadh san domh-sa agus me/ i bhfad o/ bhaile, gan bhia, gan deoch, gan airgead?" Ni/ tu/isce a bhi/ an me/id sin cainte ra/ite aige na/ thug se/ fe/ ndeara os a chomhair amach, san a/it ina raibh an t-aingeal, fear fada caol dubh, agus e/ ag glinniu/int air, agus tine chreasa ag teacht as a dha/ shu/il ina spre/achaibh nimhe. Bhi/ dha/ adhairc air mar a bheadh ar phoca/n gabhair, agus meigeall fada liath-ghorm garbh air; eireaball mar a bheadh ar mhada rua, agus cru/b ar chois leis mar chru/b thairbh. Do leath a bhe/al agus a dha/ shu/il ar She/adna, agus do stad a chaint. I gcionn tamaill do labhair an Fear Dubh. "A She/adna," ar seisean, "ni/ ga/ dhuit aon eagla do bheith ort romhamsa. Ni/lim ar ti/ do dhi/obha/la. Ba mhian liom tairbhe e/igin a dhe/anamh duit, da/ nglactha/ mo chomhairle. Do chloiseas thu/, anois beag, da/ ra/ go rabhais gan bhia, gan deoch, gan airgead. Thabharfainn-se airgead do dho/thain duit ar aon choinni/oll bheag amha/in." "Agus greadadh tri/ la/r do scart!" arsa Se/adna, agus tha/inig a chaint do/; "na/ fe/adfa/ an me/id sin do ra/ gan duine do mhilleadh led' chuid glinniu/na, pe/ he/ thu/ fe/in?" "Is cuma dhuit ce/ he/ me/, ach bhe/arfad an oiread airgid duit anois agus cheanno/idh an oiread leathair agus choimhea/dfaidh ag obair thu/ go ceann tri/ mblian nde/ag, ar an gcoinni/oll so--go dtiocfair liom an uair sin." "Agus ma/ re/itighim leat, ca/ rachaimi/d an uair sin?" "Ca/ beag duit an cheist sin do chur nuair a bheidh an leathar i/dithe agus bheimi/d ag gluaiseacht?" "Bi/odh ina mhargadh!" arsa Se/adna. "Gan teip?" arsan Fear Dubh. "Gan teip," arsa Se/adna. "Dar bhri/ na mionn?" arsan Fear Dubh. "Dar bhri/ na mionn," arsa Se/adna. Vocabulary for Se/adna a - his, her, their ab - dep. form of copula is ach - but adharc - (f) horn of an animal abhar - (m) cause, reason; material ag - at agam - ag + me/ agat - ag + tu/ agus - and aice - i n-aice - near aige - ag + si/ aingeal - (m) angel ainm - (f) name air - ar + se/ airde - i n-airde - up, above airgead - (m) silver; money a/it - (f) place amach - out amada/n - (m) fool amha/in - (a) only, one amhras - (m) doubt amuigh - outside an - the anam - (m. g. anama, pl. anmain) soul ann - i + se/; there anois - now ansan - there, then aoirde - (f) height aon - one, any ar - on, upon ara/n - (m) bread ari/s - again arsa - said arsan - said as - out of, from athraigh - to change ba - past and cond. of the copula is. baile - (m) townland, home beadh - cond. of ta/im - would be beag - (a) small be/al - (m) mouth bean - (f) woman beidh - fut. of ta/im - will be beith - vn. of ta/im - to be bhe/arfad (fut. of tugaim) - I will give bhi/ - past of ta/im - was bia - (m) food bi/odh - impf. of ta/im - was bliain - (m) year bocht - (a) poor brath - (m) expectation; ag brath ar - expecting, trusting brea/ - (a) fine breith - vn. of beirim - to bear bri/c - (m) brick, loaf bri/ - (f) power, strenghth, virtue bro/g - (f) shoe buailim - to strike; do bhuail se/ umam - I met him bui/och - (a) thankful, grateful bun - (m) bottom, base ca/ - where cad - what caint - (f) talk, conversation; ag caint - talking cainte - (a) said, spoken caol - (a) slender casaim - to turn; (passive) casadh fear liom - I met a man cathaoir (f) chair ce/ - who? ce/ad - (a) first ceangailte - (a) bound, stuck ceanglaim - to bind; to stick or adhere to ceann - (m) head ceannaithe - (f. pl.) features, countenance ceannaigh - to buy ce/arach - gen. of ce/ir - wax ce/ir - (f., g. ce/arach) wax ceist - (f) question cho/mh - as chuaigh - past of te/im - went chun - to, towards cionn - os cionn - over, above (with gen.) cloisim - to hear cluthar - (a) cosy, comfortable cnoc - (m) hill cogaint - vn. of cognaigh - to chew coimhea/daim - to hold, watch, guard coinni/oll - (m) condition, obligation coma/inim - to drive forward, press on comhair - os comhair - in front of, in the presence of (w. gen.) comhairle - (f) - advice cu/namh - (m) help cos - (f) foot, leg cos-nochtaithe - (a) bare-foot crann (m) tree creasa - gen. of crios - flint cri/ochnaigh - to finish cri/ochnaithe - (a) finished crios - (m., g. creasa) flint crochaim - to hang cru/b - (f) hoof cuid - (f., g. coda) part, share cuirim - to put cuma - (a) equal; is cuma duit - It doesn't matter to you cumas - (m) power, control, ability; ar a chumas - within his ability cur - vn. of cuirim - to put curtha - (a) put da/ - do + a - to his, to her, to their; do + a - to which, to whom da/ - if dailti/n - (m) brat, bum daoine - pl. of duine - people dar - by (with oaths) De/ - gen. of Dia - God de - of, from de/ag - ten dealbh - (f) appearance, shape de/anach - (a) last, final; late de/anamh - vn. of de/anaim - to make, do de/anfadh - cond. of de/anaim - would make deara - thug se/ fe/ ndeara - he noticed de/arca - gen. of de/irc - alms dearmhad - (m) act of forgetting (vn. of dearmhadaim - to forget) dearmhadaim - to forget deas - (a) nice, pretty dein - past of de/anaim - did, made de/irc - (f., g. de/arca) alms deireadh - (m) end; fe/ dheireadh thiar thall - finally deirim - to speak den - de + an deoch - (f) drink desna - de + na di - de + si/ Dia - (m) God di/obha/il - (f) harm, damage di/ot - de + tu/ do/ - do + se/ do - (past tense indicator) do - = standard Irish "a" (direct relative) do - = standard Irish "a" (preposition used with verbal noun) do - to do/bair - ba dho/bair dom e/ dearmhad - I almost forgot it do/ibh - do + siad dom - do + me/ domh-sa - emphatic do + me/ doras - (m) door dorn - (m) fist; la/n a dhoirn - his fist full dot' - do + do - to your do/thain - (m) enough; mo dho/thain - my fill dubh - (a) black du/airt - past of deirim - said duine - (m) person duit - do + tu/ dul - vn. of te/im - to go e/ - him ea - (with copula) fear is ea e/ - he is a man eagla - (m & f) fear e/igin - (a) some eile - (a) other eireaball - (m) tail E/irinn - gen of E/ire - (f) Ireland fad - i bhfad - far; for a long time fada - (a) long fado/ - long ago faighead (dep. fut. of faighim) I will get, will find fa/il - vn. of do-gheibhim - to get, find faire - for shame! fa/s - vn. of fa/saim - to grow fasc - (m) iota (of sense) fe/ - under (standard Irish "faoi") fe/achaim - to look fe/adaim - to be able feadh - ar feadh - during, throughout fear - (m) man fe/idir - possible; b'fhe/idir - perhaps fe/in - self fi/or - (a) true fola/ir - (a) excessive; ni/ fola/ir dom - I must fothain - (f) shelter, protection; ar thaobh na fothna - on the sheltered side freagra - (m) answer fuacht - (m) cold fuair - past of faighim - got, found gabhar - (m) goat ga/dh - (m) need ga/iri/ - (m) act of laughing gan - without gar - (a) near; i ngar do/ibh - near them garbh - (a) rough do-gheobhair - fut. of de/anaim - will get, find glacaim - to take, accept glinniu/in - (f) examining, gazing glinniu/int - vn. of glinnigh - to examine closely; gaze at glo/ire - (f) glory gluaisim - to move, set out, march gluaiseacht - vn. of gluaisim gna/th - (a) usual; de gna/th - usually gno/ - (m) business go - that gol - (m) weeping (vn. of goilim - to weep) greadadh - (m) scorching, burning, torturing; Greadadh tri/ la/r do scart! "Torture through the middle of your entrails!" gre/asai/ - (m) cobbler greim - (m) grip; bite; bit; stitch gui/ - (f) wish, prayer gur - that (past) i/ - her i - in iad - them iarraidh - vn. of iarraim - to ask iarraim - to ask i/dithe - (a) consumed, exhuasted imigh - to go away imithe - (a) gone ina - i + a - in his, in her, in their inniu - today inti - i + si/ iontach - (a) wonderful is - copula isteach - inside ithe - vn. of ithim - to eat ithim - to eat la/ - (m) day; la/ da/ raibh se/ - one day when he was... labhairt - vn. of labhraim - to speak labhraim - to speak la/mh - (f) hand la/n - (a) full la/r - (m) ground, floor; middle, midst lasaim - to light, shine le - with leanbh - (m) child leat - le + tu/ leathaim - to gape, open (in astonishment) leathar - (m) leather leataoibh - i leataoibh - to one side led' - le do - with your leis - le + se/; also liath-ghorm - (a) grey-blue, steel-grey linbh - g. of leanbh - child liom - le + me/ luath - (a) early ma/ - if machnamh - vn. of machnighim - to reflect mada - (m) dog; mada ruadh - fox maidean - (f) morning; ar maidin - in the morning maith - (a) good maith - (f) good thing, benefit mar - as marbh - (a) dead margadh - (m) market; agreement me/ - me mealbho/g - (f) bag me/id - (m) amount; an me/id sin - that much meigeall - (m) a goat's beard, a "goatee" mian - (m & f) mind, desire, wish; is mian liom - I want mi/le - (m) thousand milleadh - vn. of millim - to destroy min - (f., g. mine) meal mionn - (m) oath mise - emphatic of me/ mo - my mo/ - comparative of mo/r - greater 'na - i + a - in his, in her, in their; in which na - pl. and f. gen. of def. art. na/ - than na/ - that not; which not (= standard Irish "nach") na/ - (enumerative particle) - namely na/ - nor nach - which is not; is not? ni/ - not ni/lim - ni/ fuilim nimh - (f) poison; ina spre/achaibh nimhe - in venomous sparks ni/or - not (past) no/ - or nochtaithe - (a) bare (from nochtaigh - make bare) nuair - when o/ - of, from o/ - Oh obair (f) work ocras - (m) hunger oiread - (a) so much, so many o/n - o/ + an ort - o/ + tu/ orthu - o/ + siad os - out of, from o/sta - teach o/sta - inn pe/ - (a) whatever; pe/ duine - whoever; pe/ rud - whatever; pe/ he/ thu/ fe/in - whoever you are po/ca - (m) pocket poca/n - (m) he-goat (so also poca/n gabhar) rabhais - dep. of ta/im - you (sing) were rachaimi/d - fut. of te/im - we will go ra/ - vn. of deirim - to speak re/itigh - to agree, come to terms; to solve (a problem) romhamsa - roimh + me/ + -sa - before you rua - (a) red (of hair or fur) rud - (m) thing sa - i + an sa/ - vn. of sa/ithim - to push sa/ithim - to push, thrust, plunge saghas - (m) sort, kind san - i + an san - = standard Irish "sin" - "that" sara - (conj) before sa/stacht - (a) contentment; ar a sha/stacht - quite contented scanradh - (m) terror, fright scairt - (pl., gpl. scart) - entrails, guts sceartadh - vn. of sceartaim - to squirt, burst forth scilling - (f) shilling se/ - he Se/adna - Sidney seans - (m) chance, luck seisean - emphatic form of se/ si/ - she sin - that sise - emphatic from of si/ sla/inte - (f) health Sla/naitheoir - (m) Savior sna/th - (m., g. -a) thread so - = standard Irish "seo" "this" solas - (m) light sola/thar - vn. of sola/thraigh - to procure; provide, supply son - ar son - on behalf of (with gen.) spo/rt - (m) sport, fun spre/ach - (f) spark stadim - to stop stathadh - vn. of stathaim - to pluck, pull suaimhneas - (m) peace, quiet suas - upwards su/ga/n - (m) straw-rope sui/ - vn. of suigh - to sit su/il - (f) eye tabhair - dep. of tugaim - to give tabhairt - vn. of tugaim - to give taca - (m) point of time; um an dtaca so - by this time tagaim - to come ta/im - to be tairbhe - (m) profit, good, benefit tamall - (m) a while; a space (time or distance) taobh - (m) side taoibhi/n - (m) patch on the upper part of a shoe tar e/is - after (with gen.) tart - (m) thirst teach - (m., g. tighe) house teacht - vn. of tagaim - to come tine - (f) fire; tine chreasa - flashing fire teip - gan teip - without fail tha/inig - past of tagaim - came thall - yonder, over there thar - beyond; thar cheann - for the sake of thiar - in the west; taobh thiar - behind thu/ - acc. of tu/ - you (sing.) thuas - above thug - past of tugaim - gave thusa - emphatic form of thu/ ti/ - (m) point, spot; ar ti/ - about to tiocfair - fut. of tagaim - will come to/gaim - to raise, to take toil - (f) will tra/tho/na - (m) evening treo - (m) way, direction; i dtreo - in order tri/ - three tri/ - alternate form of tre/ - through tri/u/ - third (triu/) trithi/ - (pl.) fit (of laughter) triu/r - (m) three people tro/caire - (f) mercy trua - (f) pity (trua) tuilleadh - (m) more, additional quantity; a thuilleadh - any more tu/isce - (a) sooner, soonest uair - (f) hour, time u/ll - (m) ball; apple uile - (a) all uime - um + se/ um - around, about ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 28 Aug 92 20:00:32 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Elem IG, Reading #8, Translation Here is the translation of Reading # 8. Send any questions/comments to me. Mi/chea/l mrhodes@diamond.usafa.af.mil Here is the translation and grammatical commentary for Elementary IG Reading #6. Se/adna (Sidney) There was a man long ago and his name was Se/adna. He was a cobbler. He had a nice small comfortable house at the bottom of a hill on the sheltered side. He had a straw-rope chair which he made for himself, and it was customary with him to sit in it in the evening, when the work of the day was finished, and when he used to sit in it he was quite contented. He had a bag of meal and he used to take a hand-full of meal, and he would chew it while he was resting. (1) He had an apple tree growing outside near the door, and when he would get thirsty from chewing on the meal, he would put his hand in that tree and he would take (one) of the apples, and he would eat it. (2) One day when he was making shoes, (3) he noticed that he didn't have any more leather, nor any more thread, nor any more wax. The last patch above and the last stitch was done, and he had (4) to go and procure material before he could do the rest of the shoes. He set out in the morning, and there were three shillings in his pocket, and he was only a mile from the house when he met a poor man, who asked him for alms. "Give me alms on behalf of the Savior and for the souls of the dead, and for the sake of your health," said the poor man. Se/adna gave him a shilling, and then he only had two shillings. He said to himself that the two shillings would probably be enough for his business. (5) He was only another mile from the village when he met a poor woman who was bare-footed. (6) "Give me some help," she said, "on behalf of the Savior, and for the souls of the dead, and for the sake of your health." He felt sorry for her, (7) and gave her a shilling, and she went away. Then he had only one shilling, but he pressed on, trusting that he would meet with some chance which would put it within his ability to take care of his business. It wasn't long before he met a child who (8) was weeping because of cold and hunger. "On behalf of the Savior," said the child, "give me something to eat." There was an inn near them, and Se/adna went inside, and he bought a loaf of bread and gave it to the child. When the child took the bread, he changed his shape. He grew up in height, and a strange light shone in his eyes (9) and in his countenance, so that Se/adna was frightened. As soon as he could speak, he said. "What kind of man are you?" And this is the answer he got: "Se/adna, God is grateful to you. I am an angel. I am the third angel that you have given alms to today on behalf of the Savior. And now, you have three wishes to receive from the God of glory. Ask of God three wishes you desire, and you will get them. But I have one bit of advice to give you--don't forget mercy." "And you are telling me that I will get my wish?" said Se/adna. "(That's what) I am saying, without a doubt," said the angel. "That's good," said Se/adna. "I have a nice little straw-rope chair at home, and whatever bum that comes in just has to sit in it. The first person to sit in it, except for me, may he stick to it!" "For shame, for shame, Se/adna," said the angel; "that's a good wish gone without profit." "I have," said Se/adna, "a bag of meal at home, and whatever bum comes in just has to stick his hand in it. The first person who puts his hand in that bag, except for me, may he stick in it, see!" "Oh, Se/adna, Se/adna, you haven't a lick of sense!" said the angel. "Now you only have one more wish. Ask God's mercy for your soul." "Oh, you're right," said Se/adna, "I almost forgot it. I have a small apple tree on one side of my door, and whatever bum who comes that way just has to put his hand up and pick (an apple) and take it with him. The first person, except for me, who put his hand in that tree, may he stick to it!-- Oh man!" he said, breaking out into laughter, "Won't I have some sport with them!" When he got over the fit of laughter, he looked up and the angel was gone. He got to thinking for a good while. At long last, he said to himself: "Look now, there is no greater fool in Ireland than me! If I should have three people by this time, one in the chair, one in the bag, and one in the tree, what good does that do me when I am far from home, without food, without drink, and without money?" No sooner had he said that many words, (10) than he noticed in front of him, where the angel had been, a tall, dark, slender man who was gazing at him, and flashing fire was coming out of his eyes in venomous sparks. He had two horns like a he-goat, and he had a long rough steel-grey goatee; a tail like on a fox, and also (leis) hooves on his feet like a bull's hooves. He opened his mouth with his eyes on Se/adna, and he (Se/adna) stopped speaking. After a while, the Dark Man spoke. "Se/adna," he said, "you don't have any need to be afraid of me. I am not about to hurt you. I want to do you a favor, if you will take my advice. I heard you, just now, saying that you were without food, without drink, without money. I will give your fill of money on one small condition." "And may there be torture through your guts!" said Se/adna, and he began to speak, "Will you not be able to say that much without someone being destroyed by your gaze, whoever you are?" "It doesn't matter to you who I am, but I will give you so much money now and I will buy so much much leather and I will watch you working for thirteen years, on this condition--that you will come with me for this hour." "And if I agree with you, where will we go that hour?" "Isn't it of little consequence for you to ask this question when the leather is used up and we will be setting out?" "It's a deal!" said Se/adna. "Without fail?" said the Dark Man. "Without fail," said Se/adna. "By the power of the oath?" said the Dark Man. "By the power of the oath," said Se/adna. used up --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grammatical comments (1) Literally "on his resting." (2) Note that here, as often in English, the habitual past can be translated with "would". (3) La/ da/ raibh se/ ... - literally "A day from which he was...". Note also that bro/g is the genitive plural. The object of a verbal noun is in the genitive. (4) ni/ fola/ir dom - a common idiom for "I must." (5) Literally "that it was possible that the tow shillings would do his business." (6) Literally "and she bare-footed." Agus used to describe attendent circumstances. (7) Literally "sorrow for her siezed him." (8) Another example of agus describing attendent circumstances. (9) su/ilibh: -ibh is the old dative plural ending, which is still sometimes used in the Munster dialect. Standard Irish would have "su/ile" here. (10) Literally: "No sooner was that much talking with him than..." Here the passive participle "ra/ite" is used with the preposition "ag" to give the past perfect tense. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 23 Sep 92 07:56:52 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge (Elem IG): Readings A Chairde, Gabhaigi/ mo leithsce/al. Ar feadh na tri/ seachtaine deireanai/ a bhi/ me/ ag cur le/itheoireachta chun Gaelach-L, ach anois fuair me/ amach na/r tha/inig ceann ar bith acu chun an liosta. Ni/l a fhios agam cad a thit amach. Mar sin, cuirfidh me/ ari/s na le/itheoireachta seo. Toso/idh me/ ag le/itheoireacht 9A. Ma/s ceisteanna ar bith iad, cuir teachtaireacht chugam ag mrhodes@usafa.af.mil. Is mise go meas, Mi/chea/l < I'm sorry, but for the last three weeks I have been sending readings to < Gaelic-L, but now I have found the they have not been getting to the list. < I don't know what happened. Therefore, I will send the readings again. < I will begin with reading 9A. If there are any questions, send me a < message at mrhodes@usafa.af.mil Elementary IG Reading #9A Gadai/ Dubh o/ Dubha/in Bhi/ am ina raibh ri/ agus banri/on po/sta le che/ile agus bhi/ ar a sliocht beirt mhac. D'e/irigh siad suas ina ndaoine mo/ra brea/ agus chuir an t-athair mi/lte mi/le o/n ti/r iad le fearr-is-barr le/ann agus foghlaim a thabhairt do/ibh. Ni/ raibh ansin ach scaitheamh gearr nuair a cailleadh a ma/thair. Tar e/is scaithimh ghearr ina dhiaidh sin ari/s, nuair a chonaic an ri/ mo/r seo e/ fe/in fa/gtha ar an tsaol go huaigneach leis fe/in tar e/is a shaibhris agus a mhaoin saolta a bheith caite aige leis an da/ phrionsa o/ga seo agus gan su/il a bheith aige go bhfeicfeadh se/ go deo iad agus nach bhfaigheadh se/ aon sce/al uathu (sin agus gan comhluadar a bhean pho/sta), cheap se/ leis fe/in o/ bhi/ compord agus a/rus chomh maith ar an tsaol aige go bpo/sfadh se/ bean sta/isiu/in a bhi/ sa ti/r gar don a/it a raibh se/ fe/in ina cho/nai/. Cheap se/ an la/ a raibh se/ le bheith po/sta agus fuair na cairde cuireadh chun na bainse agus bhi/ seinm chla/irseach agus ceol mo/r ag an mbainis--chomh mo/r agus ba cheart a bheith ag ri/ no/ prionsa a bheadh os cionn ti/re no/ ri/ochta. Bhi/ maidin inar shiu/l an bhean pho/sta amach ag de/anamh so/la/is as an a/it bhrea/ a bhi/ aice: thit si/ tri/ huaire ar an bpa/irc. Bhi/ bean ti/ ag fe/achaint uirthi ag caitheamh na tri/ huaire, agus ag an treas huair a chaith si/, du/irt an bhean ti/: "Na/r raibh Dia na/ Muire leat." D'fhe/ach an bhanri/on o/g seo uirthi go hiontach agus du/irt si/ le/i: "Caithidh tu/ fios a thabhairt domsa cad e/ an chiall go ndearna tu/ easgaine ormsa chomh cra/ite." "Inseoidh me/ dhuit cad e/ an t-abhar--ni/ le maili/s a rinne me/ ort e/ agus ta/ me/ ag iarraidh maithiu/nas uait. Shi/l me/, o/ tho/gadh thu/ chomh gar don a/it seo, nach raibh tu/ gan fios a bheith agat go raibh beirt mhac ag an bhfear sin lena bhean pho/sta, bhi/ aige i dtu/s a shaoil." "Sin sce/al," du/irt si/, "na/r chuala me/ riamh roimhe, agus da/ gcloisfinn, ni/ bheadh baint na/ roinnt agam leis, ach ta/ a fhios agam ce/ard dhe/anfas me/ anois." An la/ ce/anna lig si/ uirthi fe/in tinneas, thosaigh si/ ag caoineadh agus ag stro/igeadh le pianta. D'e/irigh an ri/ go deifreach ar no/s go bhfaighadh se/ fios uaithi cad e/ an t-a/bhar a cuid pianta mo/r no/ a he/agmaise cra/ite. "Muise ta/," du/irt si/, "i dti/r choimhthi/och beirt phrionsa agus ni/l mo shla/nu/ le fa/il go bhfaighaidh me/ la/n mo shu/l don da/ phrionsa o/ga." Chuir an t-athair fios orthu go deifreach ag ra/ leo a theacht abhaile agus gan moill ar bith a dhe/anamh, go raibh se/ fe/in ar leaba a bha/is agus go raibh su/il aige a uacht a de/anamh. Ni/ raibh an da/ phrionsa ach cu/pla la/ sa mbaile nuair a rinne an leasmhathair smaointe aice fe/in: "D'fhe/achfaidh me/ i gcorp an lae seo deireadh a chur lena saol." Ansin du/irt si/ leo go mba cheart cluiche ca/rta imirt le che/ile, agus d'e/irigh le/i go bhfuair si/ da/ chluiche orthu i ndiaidh a che/ile, agus ar an mo/imint eile fuair an fear ba shine cluiche ar a leasmha/thair. "Cuir do gheis," ar si/. "Ni/ he/ m'amsa e/," ar seisean, "o/ is tu/ is uaisle." "Cuirimse oraibh," ar si/ "mar gheis agus mar scla/bhai/ocht na bliana imeacht romhaibh agus gan an dara be/ile a chaitheamh ar aon bhord na/ an dara hoi/che a chodladh ar aon leaba go dtugaidh sibh agamsa anseo Each na Glo/ire o/ Ridire an Ghleanna." "Ta/ sin de/anta agat orainn deas go leor," du/irt se/, "agus ta/ anro/ mo/r de/anta agatsa orainne le do bheart. Cuirimse ort mar gheis--agus b'e/igean duit--e/iri/ ins an spe/ir agus sui/ ar bha/rr spuaice teampaill, da/ mbeimis la/ agus bliain gan filleadh, agus gan a bheith agat do bhia na/ deoch ach punann tui/ coirce agus deoch fi/oruisce." "Och is mo/r," du/irt si/, "an gheis i/ sin a mhic. Maith dom agus maithfidh me/ dhuit." "An bhreith a thug tu/ anois, fulaing leis," du/irt siad. D'imthigh an bheirt gan bheith a fhios acu go bhfilleadh siad go deo ar a n-ais ins an a/it bhrea/ sin--an a/it ar rugadh agus ar to/gadh iad. D'e/irigh siad amach agus tar e/is tri/ la/ coisi/ocht trom tuirseach gan mo/ra/n ar bith acu, o/ir ni/ raibh airgead acu, shui/ siad si/os ar iomaire go dti/ an oi/che agus thug siad iad fe/in suas do Ri/ na Glo/ire, mar bhi/ siad chomh trom tuirseach, agus si/l siad go gcaillfi/ iad an la/ sin. Moch go leor an mhaidin la/ ar na mha/rach, ce/ casadh do/ibh ach seanfhear cra/ite, agus cheap siad leo fe/in go mba cosu/il leo e/--gan mo/ra/n sli/ na/ fa/ltas. "Go mbeannai/ Dia dhaoibh, a dhaoine mho/ra," ar se/, "cosu/il sibh le daoine ata/ ag imeacht ar an tsola/thar." "Ta/maid ag dul." ar siad, "ar a/it Ridire an Ghleanna go ngoidfimid--ma/s fe/idir linn--Each mo/r na Glo/ire." "Mo le/an agus mo chreach!" ars an Gadai/ Dubh (o/ir ba e/ bhi/ ann), "sin gni/omh ata/ do/dhe/anta. Shiu/il mise cuid mhaith don ti/r sin d'oi/che agus do la/ ag iarraidh an gni/omh sin a dhe/anamh, da/ n-e/ireodh liom, agus da/ nde/anfainn, b`fhearrde me/ go deo e/--agus mo ghaolta. Ach mar sin fe/in, ma/ ghlacann sibh liom mar chara, rachaidh me/ libh go corru/ na hoi/che, agus tabharfaidh me/ sibh go dti/ caislea/n Each na Glo/ire, go dtugamaid le ra/ don leasmha/thair, na/r fha/gaimis coirne/al na/ a/itiu/ gan cuartu/, agus go ndearnaimis an gheis sin a chomhli/onadh." "Sui/mis si/os anois go dtiocfaidh mea/n oi/che, agus nuair a cheapfaimid linn fe/in go mbeidh daoine mo/ra an ti/ sin ag brionglo/id no/ ag smaoineadh, goidfimid ansin Each na Glo/ire chun bhur dti/r fe/in, an a/it a bhfuil bhur ngaolta." Chuaidh an Gadai/ Dubh chun an doras la/n de mhisneach mar is minic roimh an oi/che sin shi/l se/ an gni/omh ce/anna a dhe/anamh. Acht nuair a chonaic an capall seo, an doras foscailte, chraith se/ e/ fe/in o/ bhonn go huachtar, gur e/irigh na ga/rda a bhi/ ag coime/ad na ri/ochta, agus Ridire an Ghleanna a bhi/ leo, le gach uile sho/rt gadai/ a chur as an ti/r sin. Labhair Ridire an Ghleanna suas garbh-la/idir agus du/irt se/: "Cad e/ a thug anseo thu/, a Ghadai/ Bhre/agaigh? Ca/ nach bhfuil a fhios agat ce/ an so/rt ba/is ata/ le fa/il ag aon neach a thiocas leis an ngni/omh seo a dhe/anamh? Ta/ soitheach mo/r agamsa, socruithe thimpeall mo chaislea/in, agus ta/ se/ ag fiochadh d'oi/che is dho la/ ag fa/nacht le neach ar bith--fear no/ bean--a thiocadh chun mo sciobo/il leis an ngni/omh sin a dhe/anamh, go bhfe/adfainn a ra/ ar an mo/imint sin gur chaill me/ mo mheas agus mo mhaoin saolta. Anois o/ ta/ do cha/il faoi an ti/r go fairsing, agus na/r fha/g tu/ drochghni/omh gan a dhe/anamh, ta/ an dabhach seo ag fanacht leat, agus go bhfaighe tu/ ba/s ins an a/it seo!--an a/it nach mbeidh duine ar bith de do ghaoltai/ le do shi/neadh no/ do chaoineadh. Agus o/ gur thug tu/ an da/ phrionsa o/ga seo ag iarraidh drochghni/omh a dhe/anamh i n-a/it a bhfaigheadh siad ba/s--a/it nach bhfe/adfadh siad sce/al a chur abhaile chun a ngaoltai/ go deo--caithidh tu/ a dhul si/os ins an da/bhach fiochta seo, an a/it a bhfaighidh tu/ ba/s i gcu/ig shoicind." "O," ars an Gadai/, "ce/ an bhri/? Bhi/ me/ a bhfoigse tri/ shoicind don bha/s ce/anna agus tha/inig me/ uaidh." Do sheas an Ridire suas agus d'fhe/ach se/ go hiontach ar an Gadai/. "Muise go deimhin," ar seisean, "ba mhaith liom an sce/al iontach sin a chloistea/il." Ansin d'innis an Gadai/ an sce/al seo do/: ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 23 Sep 92 08:20:20 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Gaeilge: Reading 9 Vocabulary A Chairde, For reading # 9 (of which there will be three parts), I have prepared a separate vocabulary, which I am including with this message. Mi/chea/l Vocabulary for Elementary IG Reading #9, Gadai/ Dubh o/ Dubha/in a - relative pronoun - who, that a - possessive pronoun - his, her, their a - (+ asp.) vocative particle a - (prep. + asp., used with verbal noun) abhaile - (adv) home abhainn - (f) river ach - but acu - ag + iad abhar - (m) cause, reason; material ag - at againn - ag + sinn agam - ag + me/ agat - ag + tu/ agus - and aice - ag + si/ aige - ag + se/ amhras - (m) error, doubt air - ar + se/ airgead - (m) silver; money ais - ar a n-ais - back a/it - (f) place a/itiu/ - (m) place, habitation; occupation alla - (a) wild; madra alla - wolf am - (m) time amach - out amarach - (adv) tomorrow an - the anam - (m) soul ann - i + se/; there anseo - here ansin - in that, then, there, thereupon anois - now anro/ - (m) misfortune, bad luck anuas - (adv) down aon - one, a ar - on, upon ari/s - again ar - says (also ars, arsa) a/rus - (m) dwelling, abode as - out of, from athair - (m) father athraigh - to change, alter 'b - shortened form of ba, past tense of copula ba - past tense of copula, is baile - (m) town; home bain - to cut; to strike; to take; with le - to touch, meddle with bainais - (g. bainse) wedding baint - vn. of bain; relationship baist - to baptize, immerse balla - (m) wall banbh - (m) young pig banri/on - (f) queen baol - (m) danger ba/rr - (m) top; crop barra - (m) bar ba/s - (m) death beadh - 3rd sing. cond. of ta/im - would be bealach - (m) way, road bean - (f., g. mna/, pl. mna/) woman bean pho/sta - (a) married woman bean ti/ - (f) house wife beannaigh - to bless beart - (m) action, deed, trick beatha - (f) life; 'Se/ do bheatha - you're welcome beidh - fut. of ta/im - will be beimis - 1st per. pl. cond. of ta/im - would be be/ile - (f) meal beirt - (f) two people, a pair beith - vn. of ta/im - to be beo - (a) alive bhi/ - past of ta/im - was bhur - your (pl.) bia - (m) food bi/odh - 3rd sing. imperative of ta/im big - gen. of beag bith - (m) world, life; ar bith (with neg.) at all bliain - (m) year bolta - (m., pl boltai/) bolt, bar (of a door) bonn - (m) base, foundation borbach - (a) fierce bord - (m) table bre/agach - (a) false, lying brea/ - (a) fine breith - (f) judgment, decision bri/ - (f) power, strength, force; significance brionglo/id - (f) dream bris - to break briseadh - vn. of bris briste - (a) broken bro/g - (f) shoe bro/n - (m) sorrow bronntanas - (m) gift bua - (f) victory buail - to strike; to knock (at a door); (amach) - to strike out, proceed ca/ - where cad - what ca/il - (f) reputation caill - to lose, spend; passive - to be lost i.e. to die caillte - (a) lost, spent cairde - pl. of cara - friends caislea/n - (m) castle caith - use; to throw; must (more common in fut.) caitheamh - vn. of caith caithidh - must caite - (a) used, worn out caoin - to weep, keen caoineadh - vn. of caoin - to keen capall - (m) horse cara - (m, g. carad, pl. caraide) friend ca/rta - (m) card cas - to twist, turn; to meet (with do); (passive) casadh e/ - he met casadh - vn. of cas cathaoir - (f) seat, throne ce/ad - one hundred ce/ad - first ce/anna - (a) same ceap - to resolve, decide, think ce/ard - what ceart - (a) right ce/ile - (m) fellow, companion; le che/ile - together ceol - (m) music; singing cho/mh - as chonnaic - past of feic - saw chuaigh - past of te/igh - went chuala - past of clois - heard chun - to, towards ce/ - who, what ciall - (f) sense cionn - os cionn - above clai/omh - (m) sword cla/irseach - (f) harp cleachtach - (a) customary cloch - (f) stone clog - (m) bell; clock clois - to hear cloistea/il - (m) hearing cluiche - (m., pl. cluichthe) game codladh - (m) sleeping coileach - (m) cock coill - (f) a wood, a grove coime/ad - (m) act of watching coimhthi/och - (a) strange, foreign coinnigh - to keep, preserve, maintain co/ir - (a) right, honest coirce - (m) oats coirne/al - (m) corner coisce/im - (m & f) footstep coisi/ocht - (f) act of going on foot comhairle - (f) advice, counsel comhli/on - to fulfill, finish, fill up; carry out, perform co/mhluadar - (m) company, committee co/nai/ - vn. of co/naigh - to live; i gco/nai/ - always compord - (m) comfort contra/lach - (a) contrary, cranky corp - (m) body; i gcorp an lae - in the middle of the day corru/ - (m) shaking, stirring; corru/ na h-oi/che - changing of the night i.e. midnight cos - (f) leg; foot cosu/il - (a) like, similar costas - (m) cost cra/ite - (a) tormenting, heartbreaking, grievious, miserable craith - to shake crann - (m) tree creach - (f) robbing, plundering; mo chreach! - woe is me! creid - to believe croi/ - (m) heart crusta - (a) cross, peevish cruthu/ - (m) creating; proof cuartu/ - (m) searching cuid - (m., g. coda) share; livelihood cu/ig - five cuimhne - (f) recollection, memory cuimhnigh - to remember cuir - to put cuireadh - (m) invitation cu/pla - (m) couple, pair, twins cur - vn. of cuir - to put da/ - do or de + a (possesive or relative) da/ - two da/ - if dabhach - (f) vat dom - do + me/ dom-sa - do + mise daoibh - do + sibh daoine - pl of duine dara - (a) second de - of, from de - de + se/ deachaidh - past dep. of te/igh - he went de/anamh - vn. of dein - to do de/anta - p.p. of dein - done deara - (m) notice, attention; thug se/ fa/ ndeara - he noticed dearg - (a) red dearg - to redden; to kindle, light dearna - past of dein - did, made deas - (a) pretty deas - (f) right hand; taobh deas - right side deifreach - (a) quick; go deifreach - in a hurry deimhin - go deimhin - certainly dein - do make, do; dein ar - to approach deir - he says deir - to say deireadh - (m) end deise - f. of deasa deo - (f) end, last; go deo - forever deoch - (f., g. di/) drink deor - (m., pl. deora) tear di - do or de + si/ Dia - (m) God diaidh - i ndiaidh - after, behind; ina dhiaidh sin - after that di/beo - (a) barely alive di/le - (f., g. di/leann) flood dinne/ir - (m) dinner di/ot - de + tu/ do - to do/ - do + se/ do/ dhe/ag - twelve do/dhe/anta - (a) impossible do/ibh - do + siad do/igh - (f) supposition; is do/igh liom - I suppose do/la/s - (m) misfortune domhan - (m) world doras - (m) door drai/ocht - (f) sorcery, enchantment, magic droch-ghni/omh - (f) evil deed druidint - (f) moving, approaching, closing druim - (m) back dti/ - go dti/ - to, towards (w. nom) dubh - (a) black Dubha/in - place name du/irt - past of deir - he said du/il - (f) desire duine - (m) person duit - do + tu/ dul - vn. of te/igh - to go e/ - acc. of se/ each - (m) horse e/adach - (m) cloth; pl. e/adaigh - clothes e/agmais - (f) want, need easgaine - (m) cursing e/igean - (f) necessity; b'e/igean do - he had to eile - other, another e/ireodh - da/ e/ireodh liom - if I should succeed e/irigh - to rise; with le of person - to succeed e/is - tar e/is - after e/isteacht - (f) hearing fa/bharach - (a) favorable fada - (a) long fa/g - to leave, depart faigh - to get, find fa/il - vn. faigh - to get, find; ar fa/il - to be found fa/ltas - (m) income, means, property faide - comp. of fada faighe - subjunctive of faigh faigheadh - dep. cond. of faigh - would get/find faighidh - dep. fut. of faigh - will get/find fa/inne - (f) ring fairsing - (a) wide, broad faiti/os - (m) fear fa/nacht - (f) stopping, remaining, waiting faoi - under fa/s - (m) growing fathach - (m) giant fe/ach - to see, look at; to try fe/achaint - vn. of fe/ach fe/ad - to be able fear - (m) man fearr-is-ba/rr - indeclinable noun - the very best fearrde - (a) the better feicfeadh - cond. of feicim - would see fe/idir - it is possible fe/in - self; mar sin fe/in - even so feoil - (f., g. feola) meat fiafraigh - to ask (a question) fill - to fold, turn; to return (to - ar, from o/) fiochadh - (m) boiling fiochta - (a) boiled fi/orfholamh - (a) really empty fi/oruisce - (m) spring water fios - (m., g. feasa) knowledge foghlaim - (f) learning, studying, instruction fogas - (a) near, close; i bhfogas - near foigse - comp. of fogas - nearer; i/a bhfoigse - within foirgneamh - (m) building folach - (m) covering, concealment; dul i bhfoloch - to hide formhu/ch - to smother, suffocate fuacht - (f) cold, numbness; chill fuair - past of faigh - found fuil - dep. pres. of ta/ - is fulaing - (f) suffering fulaing - to suffer, bear, endure fu/m - fa/ + me/ 'ga/ - ag + a (possessive pronoun) ga/bh - (m) distress, danger; adventure gach - (a) each, every gadai/ - (m) thief gaisce - (m) hero, champion; feat gan - without gaol - (m., pl gaolta) relation gar - (a) near garbh-la/idir - (a) fierce ga/rda - (m) guard gasta - (a) quick, rapid ge/aga/n - (m) small branch, twig geaniu/il - (a) friendly, good natured gearr - (a) short; near; soon gearr - to cut gearradh - vn. of gearr geis - (f., g. geise, pl. geasa) a "geas", a magical injunction the infringement of which led to misfortune or even death glac - to take, accept, reveive glanGaeilge - (f) pure Gaelic glaoigh - to call gleann - (f) valley gle/asta - (a) dressed glo/ir - (f) glory gni/omh - (f) deed, act go - to; forms adverbs when added to adjectives go - (conj. eclipsing) that goid - to steal, take away goirre - (comp. adj. of gar) nearer gualainn - (f) shoulder gur - (conj) past of go - that gurb - (conj) past of go + is - that was i/ - acc. of si/ - her i - in iad - acc. of siad - them iarainn - (m) iron iarr - to ask; to attempt, try iarraidh - vn. of iarr idir - between imeacht - vn. of imthigh - to go away imirt - vn. of imir - to play in - variant of i - in ina - i + a (possessive or relative) inar - i + ar (past indirect relative) - in which inis - to tell iniste - p.p. of inis - told ins - form of i before def. art. inseofa/ - fut. 2nd. sing. of inis - will tell inseoidh - fut. 3rd. sing of inis - will tell inti - i + si/; bhi/ inti - she was iomaire - (f) ridge iompaigh - to turn iontach - (a) wonderful, extraordinary is - copula "is" isteach - inside la/ (g.lae) - day labhair - to speak la/mh (g. la/imh, pl. la/imhe) - hand la/n - (m) fill la/n - (a) full le - with leaba - (f., g. leapa) - bed; i leaba - instead of leag - to throw down, overturn; to lay down lean - to follow le/an - (m) sorrow, grief leanbh - (m., g. linbh) child le/ann - (m) reading, learning leasmha/thair - (f) step-mother leat - le + tu/ leathshu/il - (a) one-eyed leatrom - (m) oppression, affliction leis - le + se/; form of le before def art; (adv.) also le/i - le + si/ leo - le + siad leor - go leor - enough libh - le + sibh lig - to permit, let, allow linn - le + sinn liom - le _ me/ locht - (m) fault, crime luas - (m) swiftness, power of movement ma/ - if mac - (m) son madra - (m., pl. madrai/) dog; madra alla - wolf maide - (m) stick maidin - (m) morning maili/s - (f) malice, ill-will maith - (a) good maitheamhnas - (m) forgiveness maith - to forgive (do - a person) ma/la - (m) bag, sack malrach - (m., g. malrai/, pl. malraigh) boy, youngster maoin - (f) means mar - as; mar sin fe/in - even so ma/rach - (m) tomorrow; la/ ar na mha/rach marbh - (a) dead ma/s - ma/ + is - if it is ma/thair - (f) mother me/ - I, me me/ad - (m) amount, size, number mea/n - (m) middle mea/noi/che - midnight mealladh - (m) coaxing, deceiving me/ar - (m) finger; toe meas - (f) respect, regard, esteem mianach - (m) desire mianach - (a) desirous, greedy mi/le - (m., pl. mi/lte) thousand; mile minic - often mise - emphatic form of me/ misneach - (f) courage mna/ - gen. and pl of bean - woman mo - my moch - (a) early mo/ide - mo/ + de - ni/ mo/ide - it is not likely that... moill - (f) delay mo/imint - (m) moment mo/r - (a) big, large mo/r-mo/r - (adv) especially mo/ra/n - (m) much muc - (f) pig muileann - (m) a mill Muire - Mary, mother of Christ muise - indeed! Short for ma/ 'seadh - if it be so, well mura - (conj) unless, if not n-a - i + a - in his, in her, in its, in their; in whom, in which, in what na/ - than; nor na - f. g. sing, and pl. (all cases and genders) def art nach - which is not; is not? na/r - that not, which not (with negative) neach - aon neach - anyone ni/ - not ni/l - ni/ + fuil ni/os - not (with copula) no/ - or no/ime/ad - (m) minute no/s - (m) custom, habit; ar nos go - so that nuair - when o/ - of, from; since, because o/ - Oh och - ah!, alas o/g - (a) young oi/che - (f) night o/ir - (conj) for, since, because o/ir - g. sing. of o/r - gold oiread - (f) much, many o/l - (m) drinking o/r - gold oraibh - ar + sibh orainn - ar + sinn orainne - emphatic ar + sinn ordo/g - (f) thumb; big toe ordaigh - to order, command orm - ar + me/ ort - ar + tu/ orthu - ar + siad os - os cionn - above, over oscail - to open oscail - vn. of oscail oscailte - p.p. of oscail - opened o/sta - teach o/sta - inn pa/irc - (f) field pa/iste - (m) child pian - (m) pain pi/opa - (m) pipe ple/asc - to crack, burst, break po/g - (f) kiss po/s - to marry po/sta - p.p. of po/s - married prionsa - (m) prince punann - (f) sheaf raibh - dep. past and cond. of ta/ rachaidh - fut. of te/igh - to go rachadh - cond. of te/igh - would go ra/ - vn. of deir - to say re/ab - to tear, pull asunder re/itigh - to adjust, arrange; to clean re/itiu/ - vn. of re/itigh ridire - (m) knight ri/ - (m) king riamh - ever rinne - past of dein - did, made ri/ocht - (f) kingdom roba/il - (f) robbing, robbery ro/gaire - (m) rogue roimh - in front of, before roimhe - roimh + se/ roinnt - (f) part, share, division; a number, some romhaibh - roimh + sibh rugas - past of beir - to bear (with ar of object; rugadh - were born sa - i + an - in the sabha/il - to save, rescue saibhir - (a) rich saibhreas - (m) riches sa/l - (f) heel saol - (m) world, life saolta - (a) worldly sa/sta - (a) satisfied sa/saigh - to satisfy, please scaitheamh - (m) a while scanraigh - to frighten, startle; be afraid sce/al (m) story sciobo/l - (m) barn sci/th - (f) pause, rest scla/bhai/ocht - (f) slavery, hard work, manual labor screadadh - (m) wringing of the hands, being in agony se/ - he 'se/ - is e/ seabhac - (m) hawk, falcon seacht - seven seanfhear - old man seanbhean - old woman seansce/al - old story seas - to stand seasamh - vn. of seasaim - to stand seinm - vn. of seinn seinn - to sing seirbhi/s - (f) service, work; profit, advantage seisean - emphatic form of se/ - he seo - that seomra - (m) room si/ - she sise - emphatic form o si/ siad - they sibh - you (pl.) sile/ar - (m) cellar si/l - to think; to try sin - this sine - comp. of sean - older si/n - to stretch si/neadh - vn. of si/n sinsear - (m) senior, elder; ancestor si/nte - (a) stretched si/or- - (a) continual si/os - down siu/il - to walk, travel siu/l - vn. of siu/il sla/n - (a) safe, sound; fa/gaim sla/n ag - say goodbye to sla/nu/ - (m) curing, salvation sla/naigh - to cure, heal, save, complete sli/ - (f) way; means sliocht - (m) offspring slog - to swallow; sink smaoineamh - (m) imagining, thinking; pl. smaointe - thoughts socruithe - (a) settled, fixed soicind (m) - second soir - east soitheach - (m) vessel solas - (m) light so/la/s - (m) solace, comfort sola/thar - (m) provision; act of providing, provisioning so/rt - (m) sort, description spa/s - (m) space (of time) spe/ir - (f) sky spuaice - (f) spire stad - (m) step; halt sta/isiu/n (m) station, rank strainse/arai/ - (m) stranger stro/ic - to strike, tear; writhe suaimhneas - (m) rest, quiet suas - up suigh - to sit sui/ - vn. of suigh - to sit su/il - (f) expectation su/il - (f. g. su/l) eye suimiu/il - (a) interesting suipe/ar - (m) supper sula - (conj.) before ta/ - to be tabhair - dep. form of tug - to give tabharfaidh - fut. of tug - will give, will bring tabhairt - (f) giving, granting; bringing tabharfadh - cond. of tug - would give tag - to come taispea/in - to show talamh (m & f., g. talu/n or talamh) land, ground taobh - (m) side taobh istigh - inside tapa - (a) quick tar e/is - after, behind (with gen.) tarraing - to pull, draw teach - (m., g. ti/) house teacht - vn. of tag - to come teallach - (f) hearth teampall - (m) church, temple tha/inig - past of tag - he came tharla - past of tarlaigh - to happen thu/ - acc. of tu/ timpeall - around (with gen.) tinneas - (m) sickness, pain tiocfadh - cond. of tag - to come tiocfaidh - fut. of tag - to come tiocfas - fut. rel. of tag - who will come tioma/in - to drive, chase; to urge; with leat - carry on ti/r - (f) - country, land tit - to fall tobann - (a) sudden, rapid to/g - to rear, raise up; to/geadh - was raised togha - (m) choice, selection tosaigh - to begin tra/th - (m) time treas - (a) third tri/ - through tri/ - three trioblo/id - (f) trouble tri/u/ - (a) third trom - (a) heavy trom-chodladh - (m) heavy sleep tru/a - (f) pity tu/ - you (sing.) tug - to give tui/ - (f.) straw tuig - to understand tuirling - to descend tuirse - (f) weariness tuirseach - (a) tired, weary tu/s - (m) beginning; ar dtu/s - in the beginning tusa - emphatic form of tu/ - you (sing.) uachtar - (m) top uaidh - o/ + se/ uaigneach - (a) lonely uaim - o/ + me/ uair - (f) hour, time uasal - (a) noble uait - o/ + tu/ uaithi - o/ + si/ uathu - o/ + siad uacht - (f) will, testament uile - (a) all, whole; gach uile - every; go h-uile - entirely, wholly uirthi - ar + si/ u/r - (a) fresh ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 26 Sep 92 08:12:59 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 9A, Translation Elementary IG Reading #9A, Translation The Black Thief of Dubhain Once upon a time there was a king and queen married together and among their offspring were two sons. They grew up into large fine men and the father sent them thousands of miles from the country to give them the best of learning and instruction. It was only a short while when their mother died. Again a short time after that when the great king saw himself left alone in the world with himself after he had spent his riches and his worldly goods on these two young princes and being without hope that he should ever see them again, having not gotten any news of them (and being without the company of his wife), he thought to himself that since he had comfort and a such a good abode in the world that he would marry a woman of station which was in a land near to the place where he himself dwelt. He decided on the day on which to be married and invited friends to the wedding, and there was the playing of harps and great song at the wedding--as great as was proper for a king or prince who was over a land or kingdom. In the morning the wife went out to get some sun in a fine place which was nearby. She spent three hours in the field. There was a housewife watching her spending the three hours, and on the third hour that she spent, the housewife said: "May God and Mary not be with you!" This young queen looked at her with wonder and said to her: "You must tell me what the reason is you cursed me so grievously." "I'll tell you the reason--I didn't do it to you with malice; I ask pardon from you. I thought, since you were raised so close to this place, that you would not be without knowledge that that man had two sons by his wife, he had them in the beginning of his life." "That's news," she said, "that I have never heard before, and if I had heard it, I would have had neither part nor parcel with him, but I now know what I shall do." The same day she pretended to be sick, began to keen and writhe with pain. The king got up quickly so that he could find out what was the cause of her great pain or her grievous cursing. "Indeed, there is," she said, "in a foreign country two princes and I will not be cured until I get an eyeful of the two young princes." The father quickly sent word to them telling them to come home and to do it without any delay, that he was himself in his death bed and that he expected to make his will. The two princes had only been home a couple of days when the stepmother thought to herself: "I will try in the middle of this day to put an end to their life." Then she said to them that they ought to play a game of cards together, and she succeeded in beating them two games one after another, and in another moment, the older one beat his stepmother in a game. "Give your curse," she said. "It's not my turn," he said, "for you are more noble." "I place upon you both," she said, "as a curse and as a year's labor to leave and take no second meal at the same table nor sleep a second night on the same bed until you bring me her the Horse of Glory of the Knight of the Glen." "That is a nice enough thing you have done to us," he said, "and you have caused us a great misfortune with your trick. I place on you as a curse--and you must do it--to go up in the sky and sit on top of a church steeple, if we should not return in a year and a day, and you shall have no food or drink except a sheaf of oat straw and spring water." "Ah," she said, "that is a great curse, son. Forgive me and I will forgive you." "The judgement you gave now, endure it also," they said. The two departed without knowing that they would ever return to that fine place--the place where they were born and raised. They went abroad and after three days of very tiring, travel by foot having not much at all, for they did not have any money, they sat down on a ridge until night, and gave themselves up to the King of Glory, for they were very tired and thought that they would die that day. Quite early the next morning, whom should they meet but a miserable old man, and they thought to themselves that he was like them--without any way or means. "God bless you, gentlemen," he said, "You are like men who are going off provisioning. "We are going," they said, "to the place of the Knight of the Glen, so that we might steal--if we can--the great Horse of Glory." "My grief and sorrow!" said the Black Thief (for that's who it was), "This is a deed which is impossible. I went a good piece to that land for a night and a day trying to do that deed, if I could, and if I had done it, I would have been eternally better off--and my kinsmen too. But even so, if you accept me as a friend, I will go with you until midnight, and I will take you to the castle of the Horse of Glory, so that we can give the stepmother something to talk about, so we can leave no corner or place unsearched, and so that we can fulfill this curse." "Let's sit down now until midnight comes, and when we think that the gentlemen of the house are dreaming or imagining, we will then carry off the Horse of Glory to your own country, where your kinsmen are." The Black Thief went to the door full of courage, for often before that night he had thought of doing the same deed. But when he saw this horse, the door being closed, he shook from head to foot, because the guard which watched the kingdom had arisen, and the Knight of the Glen was with them, to throw out every sort of thief from that country. The Knight of the Glen spoke up fiercely and said: "What brought you here, you lying thief? Don't you know what sort of death anyone who tries to do this deed gets? I have a great vessel fixed around my castle, and it is boiling night and day waiting for anyone--man or woman--who comes to my barn to do this deed, so that I can say at that moment that I have lost my esteem and my earthly goods. Now since your reputation is widely known in the land, that you didn't leave without doing an evil deed, the vat is waiting for you, and may you find your death in this place!--where no one of your kindred will be to lay you out (for burial) nor mourn you. And since you brought these two young princes to try to do this deed where they would meet their death--where they could never send word home to their kindred--you must go down in this boiling vat, where you will meet your death in five seconds." "O," said the thief, "what does it matter? I was within three seconds of the same death, and I got away." The Knight stood up and look at the Thief marvelling. "Well indeed," said he, "I would like to hear that wonderful story." Then the Thief told him this story: ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 28 Sep 92 09:58:06 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 9b Elementary IG Reading #9B, Gadai/ Dubh o/ Dubha/in An Dara Gaisce Mar a bhi/ ro/gaire ag siu/l an domhan a dtugtar air Gadai/ Dubh o/ Dubha/in, cheap se/ leis fe/in la/, nuair a bhi/ se/ fi/orfholamh gan a/rus gan maoin no/ bealach ar bith, go raibh muileann ins an Domhan Shoir, agus le gach uile sho/rt trioblo/ide agus gach uile sho/rt scla/bhai/ocht, go rachadh se/, sula mbeadh se/ gan sli/ gan fa/ltas, go bhfe/achfadh se/ ins an oi/che ama/rach an foirgneamh mo/r sin a roba/il. Moch go leor la/ ar na mha/rach shiu/l se/ leis gan stad gan sci/th. Bhi/ se/ ag imeacht agus ag si/or-imeacht--i n-aon am gle/asta i n-e/adach mna/ agus i n-am eile gle/asta i n-e/adach fir, ag iarraidh na coda, ag mealladh na ndaoine, gur casadh isteach e/ ins an ti/r a raibh an foirgneamh mo/r seo ina sheasamh. Bhuail se/ isteach chun ti/ o/sta, d'ordaigh se/ a shuipe/ar agus leaba mhaith, agus choinnigh se/ togha comhluadair leo. Do cheap siadsan le che/ile go raibh se/ i n-am a dhul chun suaimhnis agus, go mo/r-mo/r, suaimhneas do thabhairt don strainse/ir--bhfe/idir go raibh tuirse mho/r air tar e/is scla/bhai/ocht an lae sin. Chuaidh se/ a chodladh mar gach duine an oi/che sin. D'e/irigh se/ suas as a leaba ari/s tar e/is mea/noi/che go ndeachaidh se/ go dti/ an a/it a raibh du/il aige a roba/il. Rug se/ ar a mhaide agus dhearg se/ a phi/opa, agus bhi/ se/ ag imeacht leis gur phle/asc se/ isteach boltai/ agus doirse agus gur tharraing se/ ar an a/it a cheap se/ leis fe/in a raibh cuid an a/ruis. Ar dhruidint ni/os gaire go'n a/it a cheap se/ leis fe/in a raibh saibhreas saolta, bhi/ ansin roimhe tri/ seanmhna/ ag screadadh agus ag caoineadh le che/ile: "Ce/ard a dhe/anfaimid anois ma/ thagann an Gadai/ Dubh orainn agus e/ ag siu/l na ti/re?" Cheap se/ go rachadh se/ i bhfolach sca/tha den oi/che go bhfaigheadh se/ faoi throm-chodladh iad agus dhe/anfadh se/ ansin an gni/omh. Do thioma/in se/ leis agus tha/inig an oi/che anuas go tobann agus ni/ raibh aon tsli/ ar bith aige ach a bhealach a dhe/anamh isteach. Chuaidh se/ isteach agus chuir se/ ar a ghualainn na tri/ mha/la o/ir go dtabharfadh se/ leis abhaile iad. Thosaigh se/ ar a bhealach abhaile. D'e/irigh na tri/ seabhaic (sin iad na seanmhna/) ins an spe/ir agus nuair a thug se/ faoi dheara ag teacht iad, ni/ raibh do shli/ ar bith aige ach tuirling anuas ar bha/rr crainn a bhi/ ag fa/s go fa/bharach ins an a/it. D'athraigh siad iad fe/in ina dtri/ madrai/ alla agus bhi/ siad ag gearradh an chrainn ag a/ stro/cadh as a che/ile, go raibh siad go dti/ ba/rr ge/aga/in bhig--an a/it a raibh an Gadai/ Dubh ina sheasamh. Is do/igh liom go raibh se/ i bhfogas a do/ dhe/ag a chlog ins an oi/che agus mar bhi/ siadsan faoi dhrai/ochta, b'e/igean do/ibh imeacht nuair a ghlaoigh na coiligh an tra/th sin d'oi/che. Bhi/ Ridire an Ghleanna ag e/isteacht leis go raibh an sce/al iniste. "Anois," du/irt an Gadai/, "nach gaire a bhi/ me/ do bha/s an uair sin--nuair nach raibh agam do spa/s ar an tsaol ach tri/ shoicind--agus tha/inig me/ sla/n." Tharla go ndearna se/ an sce/al do/ chomh suimiu/il gur ghlac se/ tru/a air, agus go dtug se/ saol fada do/. "An bhfuil agat," du/irt an Ridire, "sce/al ar bith eile chomh iontach no/ ga/bh ar bith a d'inseofa/ dhom." "Ta/," ars an Gadai/. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 1 Oct 92 07:20:11 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 9b, translation Elementary IG Reading #9B, Translation The Second Feat As a rogue was roaming the world, whose name was the Black Thief of Dubhain, he thought to himself one day when he was quite empty without abode, without any way or means, that there was a mill in the East, and with every sort of trouble and hard work, that he would go, before he was without way or means, to try to rob that great factory the following night. Quite early the following day, he went off without stop or rest. He was going and going--at one time dressed in a woman's clothes and another time dressed in a man's clothes, asking a share, deceiving the people, so that he could get to the land where this great factory was situated. He went into an in, ordered his supper and a good bed, and kept excellent company with them. They thought among themselves that it was time to go to rest, and especially, to give rest to the stranger--he was probably tired after the labor of that day. He went to sleep like everyone that night. He got up out of bed again after midnight to go to the place he wanted to rob. He took his stick and lit his pipe, and he was going out to break in the bolts and doors, and to draw near to the place where he thought the goods of the dwelling were. As he was moving closer to the place where he thought that worldly riches were, there were three old women before him wringing their hands and keening together: "What will we do now if the Black Thief comes on us, for he is walking about in the country?" He had thought that he could hide in the shadow of night until he could find them in deep sleep and he could then do the deed. He carried and the night went by quickly, and he had no way except to make his way in. He went in and put on his shoulders three bags of gold to take them home with him. He started on the way home. The three hawks (they were the old women) rose up into the air and when he noticed them coming, he had no alternative but to go under the top of a tree that was growing favorably in the place. They changed themselves into three wolves and they were cutting the tree, tearing it apart until they were to the top of the small branch where the Black Thief was standing. I suppose it was near twelve o'clock at night, and because they were under sorcery, they had to go away when the cocks crowed that time of the night. The Knight of the Glen was listening to him until the tale was told. "Now, " said the Thief, "I was not closer to death at that time--when I only had the space of three seconds--and I got safely away." It happened that he made the story so interesting to him that he took pity on him and gave him long life. "Do you have," said the Knight, " any other story so interesting or any adventure which you will would tell me?" "Yes," said the Thief. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 8 Oct 92 07:32:11 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 9C, Translation Elementary IG Reading #9C, Translation The Third Feat I was going home one night extremely tired. I turned into a house which was standing in a wood, and when I knock on the door, a good natured woman opened it to me and said to me in pure Gaelic, "You are welcome." In the same moment she remembered herself in great danger, and tears fell from her eyes. I asked her myself what the cause of her sorrow or misfortune was. She said to me that she was the wife of a giant, and that he ordered her to go out to him in the morning to prepare a young child for his dinner. "Don't be sad, good woman," I said, do as I order you. Cut off the big toe of a child from its right foot, and hide the youngster, and I will bring in from the forest a piglet, and you shall have it for his dinner in place of the youngster. She told me to go quickly, that she had only five minutes until it should be got. I got up and did not go a long way until I killed with my stick a young piglet, and she prepared it quickly at the time of day that it was customary with him to have his meal. Not much time had passed when the house wife heard the rocks and the trees banging together, and she ordered me to go quickly and hide. I quite quickly opened a door and was frightened from top to bottom when I saw the thousands of bodies, some dead and some barely alive. I had no choice then, when I heard footsteps coming to the door, but to stretch myself out in between the corpses which were dead under me on the ground. The house wife put his dinner down on the table when he ordered it, and he was not satisfied with it. He spoke to the housewife as cross, fierce, and cranky as could be, "There is little danger that it was a desire for meat I thought I had for dinner." She said to him, quite crossly, that it was so, and that she thought that she would not go when she was in doubt. "Up until now," she said, "you have not been able to find any fault with me, and I have done what you have said from the beginning of my service. This is a fine toe, some of the broken food that fell on the table." He believed her, but even so he was not satisfied, and he took a sword of light in his hand and went to the room where the corpses were laid out, and it happened when he put his right foot inside the door, that I was the first body he came upon. He cut some from my back and some more from my right side. I didn't know at that moment if I was ever alive because of the amount of pain I suffered. Quite quickly and rapidly he went back to the cellar where he was laid out without the use of foot or hand. I took a bar of iron that was glowing red in the hearth, and I put it through his eyes. And then I took him by the heels. He followed me with one eye and he was trying to catch me and when he had no means of getting me in his hand, he threw his gold ring at me and it fell on my finger. In the same moment I turned on my foot and I took a rock which I fortunately found in the wall and I took it down and threw it away into the river. The giant called to his ring and he asked it where it was, and the ring said to him: "I am sinking in this great river." "I have lost my kingdom now," said the giant, "and my good friend, the Sword of Light. I will never seek for magic spells, and I will sit down in affliction and sorrow and great misfortune." "Now," said the Black Thief, "I was at that time within two seconds of death, and I got away, and I am finally here without chill or fear." "O Princes," said the woman of the house, "after living two hundred years in this kingdom--that is, I have spent my life in this place, and my seven ancestors too--I have not heard a story so wonderful. You are a child. Five kingdoms are waiting for you, but you would not be alive, even if many others had been waiting for you, if the Black Thief had not come along--he is the man who saved your life for you. As proof, take off your right shoe and show the whole world that you have lost your toe." He smothered the Black Thief with kisses and baptized him with tears and he put him in the gold chair and put the two young princes in silver chairs. "Come with me now, " said the Knight, "gentlemen, and I will give them, as a gift, the Horse of Glory." When the stepmother saw them coming, her heart broke and tore itself apart, because she thought that they would never in the world return. And she threw herself from the high steeple of the church. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Oct 92 13:30:56 MDT Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Mike Rhodes USAFA Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 10A Here is the first part of the new elementary Irish reading. Since it is quite long, I am breaking it into 5 parts. I will send a separate vocabulary for the entire reading in a separate message. Sla/n agaibh, Mi/chea/l Pa/idi/n O Ceallaigh agus an Easo/g I bhfad o/ shin bhi/ fear darbh ainm Pa/idi/n O Ceallaigh ina cho/nai/ i ngar do Thuaim i gcontae na Gaillimhe. Aon mhaidin amha/in d'e/irigh se/ go moch agus ni/ raibh a fhios aige ce/ an t-am a bhi/ se/, mar bhi/ solas brea/ o/n ngealaigh. Bhi/ du/il aige le dul go haonach Chathair-na-Mart le hasal a dhi/ol. Ni/ raibh se/ ni/os mo/ na tri/ mhi/le ar an mbo/thar go dta/inig dorchadas mo/r air, agus thosaigh cith trom ag titim. Chonaic se/ teach mo/r i measc crann timpeall cu/ig che/ad slat o/n mbo/thar agus du/irt se/ leis fe/in, "Rachaidh me/ chun an ti/ sin, go dte/ an cith thart." Nuair chuaigh se/ chun an ti/, bhi/ an doras oscailte, agus isteach leis. Chonaic se/ seomra mo/r ar thaobh a la/imhe chle/, agus tine bhrea/ insan ngra/ta. Shuigh se/ si/os ar stol le cois an bhalla, agus ni/or i bhfada gur thosaigh se/ ag titim ina chodladh, nuair a chonaic se/ easo/g mho/r ag teacht chun na tine agus leag si/ gini/ ar leic an teallaigh agus d'imigh. Ni/or i bhfada go dta/inig si/ ar ais le gini/ eile agus leag ar leic an teallaigh e/, agus d'imigh. Bhi/ si/ ag imeacht agus ag teacht go raibh carna/n mo/r gini/ ar an teallach. Ach faoi dheireadh nuair a d'imigh si/, d'e/irigh Pa/idi/n agus chuir se/ an me/id o/ir a bhi/ cruinnithe aici ina pho/ca, agus amach leis. Ni/ raibh se/ i bhfad imithe gur chuala se/ an easo/g ag teacht ina dhiaidh agus i/ ag screadach chomh hard le pi/obaibh. Chuaigh si/ roimh Pa/idi/n ar an mbo/thar agus i/ ag lubarnai/l anonn agus anall agus ag iarraidh greim scornai/ a fha/il air. Bhi/ maide maith darach ag Pa/idi/n agus choinnigh se/ i/ uaidh go dta/inig beirt fhear suas. Bhi/ madra maith ag fear acu, agus ruaig se/ isteach i bpoll insan mballa i/. Chuaigh Pa/idi/n chun an aonaigh, agus in a/it e/ a bheith teacht abhaile leis an airgead a fuair se/ ar a sheanasal, mar shi/l se/ ar maidin go mbeadh se/ ag de/anamh, cheannaigh se/ capall le cuid den airgead a bhain se/ den easo/ig, agus tha/inig se/ abhaile agus e/ ag marcai/ocht. Nuair a tha/inig se/ chomh fada leis an a/it ar chuir an madra an easo/g insan bpoll, tha/inig si/ amach roimhe, thug le/im suas, agus fuair greim scornai/ ar an gcapall. Thosaigh an capall ag rith, agus ni/or fhe/ad Pa/idi/n a cheapadh, no/ go dtug se/ le/im isteach i gclais mho/ir a bhi/ li/onta d'uisce agus de mhu/nlach. Bhi/ se/ ag a bha/thadh agus ag a thachtadh go luath, go dta/inig fir suas a bhi/ ag teacht as Gaillimh agus dhi/bir siad an easo/g. Thug Pa/idi/n an capall abhaile leis, agus chuir se/ isteach i dteach na mbo/ e/, agus thit se/ ina chodladh. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 13 Oct 92 13:32:43 MDT Reply-To: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Mike Rhodes USAFA Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 10A, vocabulary Here is the vocabulary for Elementary Irish Reading 10. Paddy O'Kelly and the Weasel Vocabulary a - (len.) his a - her a - (ecl.) their a - to (with vn.) a - (len.) relative pronoun - who, which abhaile - (adv) home ach - but acu - ag + iad a/dh (m) luck ag - at againn - ag + sinn agam - ag + me/ agat - ag + tu/ aghaidh (f) face; front; in aghaidh - against, in return for agus - and aici - ag + si/ aifreann (m) mass aige - ag + se/ ainm (m) name air - ar + se/ airde (f) height airgead (m) money; silver ais - in "ar ais" - back, again a/it (f) place am - (m) time amach - (adv) out, away ama/rach - tomorrow amha/in (a) one; only amhras (m) doubt amuigh - out, outside an - the anachain (f) mischance, calamity; harm anall - hither, from the far side; anall agus anonn - to and fro ann - i + se/ ann - (adv) there anocht - (adv) tonight anois - (adv) now anonn - over, to the other side; anall agus anonn - to and fro anseo - here ansin - there; then anuas - down aon - one aonach (m) fair ar - on, upon a/r - (ecl.) our ard (a) high ard-ri/ (m) high king ari/s - again arsa - says, said as - out of asal (m) ass, donkey ata/ - relative form of ta/ - who is, which is b' - ba (past of copula) before vowel ba - past of copula ba/ - pl. of bo/ - cows bain - dig out; bain de - take away, remove; bain le - to concern, relate to bainne (m) milk ba/ire (m) match, contest bairille (m) barrel balla (m) wall banri/on (f) queen ba/s (m) death ba/thadh - vn. of ba/igh - to drown beadh - conditional of ta/ - would be beag (a) small bean (f) woman beas - future relative form of ta/ - who will be beatha (f) life; livelihood; sustenance beidh - future of ta/ - will be beirt (f) two persons; pair Bealgada/in - name of a mountain in Ireland beo (m) living being; life; (a) alive, living bhe/arfaidh = tabharfaidh - will give (old future absolute form of tugaim) bheith - vn. of ta/ - to be bhi/ - past tense of ta/ - was bhi/odar = bhi/ siad big - gen. of beag binn (a) sweet (of sound) bi/odh - impf. of ta/ bi/onn - present habitual of ta/ - be habitually bith - ar bith - any bliain (f) year bo/ (f. pl ba/) cow bodhar (a) deaf; Co/iste Bodhar - ghostly funeral coach botha/n (m) cabin, shed botha/ini/n (m) little cabin bo/thar (m) road bra/ch - go bra/ch - forever; agus go bra/ch leis - off he went brea/ (a) fine breoite (a) sick brollach (m) breast, bosom bruach (m) bank (of a river) buail - to hit, strike bualadh - vn. of buail bui/ (a) yellow ca/ - what; where (with ecl.) cad - what ca/il (f) reputation cailleach (f) witch caint (f) speech, talk caith - to wear, consume, spend; to throw caitheadh - past autonomous of caith caitheamh - vn. of caith caoi (f) way, manner caora (f) sheep capall (m) horse cara (m., pl. cairde, g. pl. carad) friend carna/n (m) little heap or mound cath (m) battle Cathair-na-Mart - Place name ce/ - what; who ce/ad - what Ceallaigh - Kelly ce/anna (a) same ceannaigh - to buy ceap - to conceive, think; to head off an animal ceol (m) music; song chomh - as chonaic - past tense of feicim - saw chuadar = chuaigh siad chuaigh - past tense of te/igh - went chuala - past tense of clois - heard chugam = chuige/chun + me/ chuireadar = chuir siad chun - to towards Ciarbha/in - Kerwin cinnte (a) certain cionn - dative singular of ceann; os cionn - above, over; more than ci/os (m) rent; tax cith (m) a shower (of rain, snow, etc.) Cla/ir - County Clare clais (f) gully, ditch clann (f) children cle/ (f) left hand; (a) left clu/ (m) reputation; honor, renown cnoc (m) hill codladh - vn of codail - to sleep coinnea/il - vn. of coinnigh - to keep, hold, store, detain coinnigh - to keep, hold, store, detain coir (f) crime, offense co/ir (a) just, proper, fair, honest coirne/al (m) corner cois - dative of cos - foot; le cois - along with co/iste (m) coach, carriage colm (m) dove, pigeon comharsa (f, pl comharsana) neighbor; neighborhood comharsanaibh - dative pl. of comharsa co/nai/ - vn. of co/naigh - to live Conga - Place name Connacht - One of the five provinces of Ireland contae (m) county corn (m) horn (musical or drinking) crann (m) tree croitheadh (m) a shake cruinnigh - to assemble, collect cruinniu/ - vn. of cruinnigh cuairt (f) circuit, round, course; visit cuid (f) part, share, portion cuidiu/ - vn. of cuidigh - to help cu/ig - five cuimhne (f) memory; ta/ cuimhne agam - I remember cuir - to put, place cuma (a) equal, the same; is cuma liom - I don't care cu/pla (m) couple d' = de or do da/ - two da/ = do + a - to his da/ = do + a (relative) to which, to whom da/iri/re - in earnest, earnestly damhsa (m) dance damhso/ir (m) dancer daoine - pl. of duine - person daoinibh - dative pl. of duine darb - do + present relative of copula - to whom is, to which is darach - gen. sing. of dair (f) oak darbh - do + past relative of copula - to whom was, to which was de - from, of de/ - de + se/ de/ag - ten de/an - to do, make de/anamh - vn. of de/an de/anfas - future relative form of de/an - who will do de/anta - done deimhin (a) sure, certain; go deimhin - certainly deireadh (m) end; ar deireadh - finally den = de + an (def. article) deo - go deo - forever deoch (f) drink di/ = de + si/ or do + si/ Dia (m) God diaidh - i ndiaidh - after, behind di/bir - to drive out, drive away di/obh = de + siad di/ol - to sell di/ot = de + tu/ di/om = de + me/ do - to, for do/ = do + se/ dochar (m) harm, hurt, injury do/ibh = do + siad do/igh - to burn do/ite - burned dom = do + me/ domhan (m) world Do/mhnal - Donal domhsa = do + me/ + -sa (emphatice suffix) don = do + an doras (m) door dorchadas (m) darkness dosaen (m) dozen dti/ - go dti/ - to, towards, until dubh (a) black du/il (f) desire, liking; ta/ du/il agam - I want duine (m) person, human being du/irt - past tense of deirim - said du/isigh - to wake, awake, rouse duit = do + tu/ dul - vn. of te/igh - to go du/n (m) fort, fortress e/ - him easo/g (f) weasel, stoat e/igean (m) necessity, compulsion; is e/igean dom - I have to eile (a) other e/irigh - to rise faca - past dependent of feicim - saw fad (m) length, distance; i bhfad - distant, far, long; i bhfad o/ shin - long a go fada (a) long, far fa/g - to leave faigh - to get fa/il - vn. of faigh fa/ilte (f) welcome fa/isc - to squeeze, press faiti/os (m) fear fan - to wait faoi - under fa/th (m) cause, reason; ce/n fa/th? Why? fe/ad - to be able fear (m) man fe/ar (m) grass, hay fearg (f) anger; fearg a bheith ort le - you are angry with feicim - I see fe/idir - b'fhe/idir - maybe, perhaps fe/in - self; even fiafraigh - to ask fiche (gen. fichid) twenty Finbheara - Queen of the Fairies fi/on (m) wine fi/or (f) truth fios (m) knowledge; ta/ a fhios agam - I know fir - pl. of fear - men fiu/ (a) worth focal (m) word folach (m) hiding; i bhfolach - in hiding, hidden folamh (a) empty folaithe (a) hidden; covered fonn (m) desire, wish fuair - past of faigh - found, got fuil (f) blood fu/ithi = faoi + si/ fulaing - to bear, endure, suffer fu/m = faoi + me/ gabha/ltas (m) capture; occupancy; holding (gabha/ltas talu/n - holding of land) gach (a) every Gaillimh - the County Galway galar (m) sickness, disease gan - without gar - i ngar - near gealach (f) moon (dat. sing. gealaigh) gheobhaidh - future of faighim - will get, find gheobhas - future relative of faighim - who will get, find gine (m, pl. gini/) Guinea (coin worth 21 shillings) glac - to take, accept glas (a) green, grey gleann (m) valley gle/as - to adjust, arrange; prepare, make ready; to dress gno/thaigh - to work, labor; win, gain, earn go - that go - (makes adverbs of adjectives - go maith - well) gra/ch (a) loving, beloved gra/ta (m) grate greann (m) fun, humor, mirth greim (m) grip, grasp, hold gur - that (with past tense) i - in (in before vowels) i/ - her iach - gen. sing. of (m) eo - salmon iad - they iarr - to ask; to attempt iarraidh - vn. of iarr imeacht - vn. of imigh - to go away imigh - to go away, leave imi/odar = imigh siad imithe (a) gone away in - i before vowels - in ina = i + a (his, her, their) or a (relative) inis - to tell inne/ - yesterday Innis - Place in Ireland insan = i + an insint - vn. of inis - to tell i/oc (m) payment iomla/n (a) full, whole, complete ionat = i + tu/ ionsaigh - to attack is - copula - is ise - emphatic form of pronoun i/ - her isteach - inside ithe - vn. of ith - to eat la/ (m) day labhair - to speak la/i/ (f) spade la/idir (a) strong la/mh (f) hand (dat. sing la/imh) la/n (a) full lao (m) calf la/thair (f) place, spot, location; presence; i la/thair - in the presence of le - with (leis before an and na) leaba (f) bed leac (f, dat. sing leic) flat stone, slab, flagstone leag - to knock down; lower;lay, set; leag ar - to place on leann (m) ale leat = le + tu/ leath (a) half le/i = le + si/ leic - dat. sing. of leac le/im - to leap le/im (f) a leap leis = le + se/ leis - form of le before the definite article an and na. leithe/id (f) like, counterpart, equal leithsce/al (m) excuse, apology lena = le + a (his, her, their) leo = le + siad leor - go leor - enough, plenty liathro/id (f) ball libh = le + sibh liom = le + me/ li/on - to fill li/onta (a) full loch (m, gen. locha) lake luath (a) quick, fast lubarnai/l (f) twisting, writhing, wriggling lu/cha/ireach (a) joyous, glad m' - mo - my ma/ - if mac (m) son madra (m) dog maide (m) stick maidin (f) morning ma/igh = ma/ - plain mair - to live, last Ma/ire - Mary maith (a) good mallacht (f) curse mar - like, as marbh (a) dead marcai/ocht (f) horseback riding margadh (m) market Matha - Place name ma/thair (f) mother me/ - me measc - i measc - in the midst of me/id (m) amount, quantity meisce (f) drunkeness; ar meisce - drunk mi/ (f) month mian (f) desire; is mian liom - I want mi/le (m, pl. mi/lte) thousand; a mile millteach (a) destructive, baneful mise - emphatic form me/ mna/ - gen. of bean - woman mnaoi - dat. of bean - woman mo - my mo/ - comparative of mo/r moch (a) early mo/r (a) large, big muiri/n (f) family Mumhan - the province of Munster muna - if not, unless mu/nlach (m) putrid water, sewer water na - the (pl. and gen. sing. f.) na/ - than nach - that not; which not na/r - that not, which not (past tenses); neach (m) being, person; aon neach - anyone Ne/ifin - Place name ni/ - not ni/l - is not ni/or - not (with past tenses) ni/os - used with comparitve - ni/os mo/ - larger no/ - or no/ - no/ go - until, so that nuair - when Nuala - name of the Fairy high king o/ - from o/ (m) grandson, decendent o/g (a) young oi/che (f) night o/ige (f) youth o/ir - for o/ir - gen. sing. of o/r - gold oiread (f) amount, quantity, number o/l (m) drink; vn. of o/l - to drink o/m = o/ + mo - from my o/n = o/ + an - from the o/na = o/ + a (his, her, their) o/r (m) gold orm = ar + me/ ort = ar + tu/ os - out of oscail - to open Pa/idi/n - Paddy pa/irce (f) field pe/ire (m) pair pi/b (f, pl. pi/oba, dat. pl. pi/obaibh) pipe pi/obaire (m) piper po/ca (m) pocket poll (m) hole; pool pota (m) pot pri/omh-a/bhar (m) chief cause priompalla/n (m1) May beetle punt (m) pound rabhadar = raibh siad rachad = rachaidh me/ rachaidh - fut. of te/igh - will go raibh - past of ta/ - was re/idh (a) ready ri/ (m) king riamh - ever rinne - past of de/an - made rith - to run roimh - before roimhe = roimh + se/ roinn (f) share, portion; dealing, trading romhainn = roimh + sinn romham = roimh + me/ ro/mhair - to dig rompu = roimh + siad ruaig - to chase rug - past tense of beir - bore ru/n (m) secret 's - shortened form of agus -sa - emphatic pronoun ending for verbs, nouns, and pronominal preps. saibhir (a) rich saibhreas (m) riches, wealth sa/ith (f) fill (ith do sha/ith - eat your fill) saol (m) life, time, world saor (a) free scaoil - to loosen, release scar - to part, separate, spread; scar le - part with scartha (a) spread sceach (f, gen. sing sceiche, dat. sing. sceich) thornbush scornach (f, gen. sing. scornai/) throat scre/ach - to shriek, screech screadach (f) scream scrioseadh (vn, m) destroying, destruction scuab (f) broom -se - emphatic pronoun ending for verbs, nouns, and pronominal preps. se/ - he seachaid - to deliver, hand over seacht - seven sean (a) old seanasal (m) old ass seanchailleach (f) old witch seilbh (f) possession seinim - I sing seinm - vn. of seinim - to sing seisean - emphatice form of se/ seo - this seomra (m) room si/ - she si/ (m) fairy mound; (gen. sing. as adj.) fairy si/-fir (m) fairy man siad - they Si/dh (m) fairy mound (old spelling) si/l - to think sile/ar (m) cellar sin - that si/os - down sise - emphatic form of si/ sla/n (a) sound, healthy, safe slat (f) rod, stick sliabh (m) mountain slog - to swallow slua (m) host, force, army solas (m) light son - ar son - for the sake of, on behalf of sona (a) happy, lucky, fortunate spara/n (m) purse splanc (f) flash, spark Stangaire - person's name stol - to tear, rend suaimhneas (m) peace, tranquility suas - up su/gach (a) mellow with drink, tipsy suigh - to sit su/il (f) eye sula - before (conj.) ta/ - is tabhairt - vn. of tugaim - to give; take tachtadh - vn. of tacht - to choke, strangle tafann - vn. of tafainn - to bark tagaim - I come taibhse (f) ghost tairiscint - vn. of tairg - to offer, bid; attempt taispea/in - to show talamh (m & f, gen. sing. talu/n) earth, ground talu/n - gen. sing. of talamh taobh (m) side tapa (a) quick, ready, active tar - imperative of tagaim - come! tarraing - to pull tart (m) thirst te/ - present subjunctive of te/igh teach (m, gen. sing. ti/) house teacht - vn. of tagaim - to come teallach (m) fireplace, hearth teannadh - vn. of teann - to tighten, pull tight teasta/il - vn. of teastaigh - to be wanted or need (o/ - by) te/igh - to go tha/inig - past tense of tagaim - came tha/ngadar = tha/inig siad thar - over, by, past, beyond tha/rla - past tense of tarlaigh - happened, occurred thart - round, about, by, past thu/ - objective form of tu/ Tuaim - Place name ti/ - gen. sing. of teach - house tig - tig leat - you can (old form of tagann) timpeall - around tine (f) fire ti/r (f) land tit - to fall tobar (m) well; fountain, spring to/g - to lift, raise, take tosach (m) beginning tosaigh - to begin tri/ - three tri/ - through troid - to fight (vn. also troid) trom (a) heavy trasca/n (m) furniture tu/ - you tuig - to understand tuirseach (a) tired Tu/ra - place name tusa - emphatic form of you uaidh = o/ + se/ uaim = o/ + me/ uait = o/ + tu/ uasal (a) noble u/d - that (yonder) ui/ - gen. sing. of o/ - grandson, decendent uile (a) all uirthi - ar + si/ uisce (m) water umhal (a) humble, obedient urla/r (m) floor ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 16 Oct 92 06:50:20 MDT Reply-To: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Mike Rhodes USAFA Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 10A, Translation Paddy O'Kelly and the Weasel Long ago there was a man whose (1) name was Paddy O'Kelly, living (2) near Tuaim in County Gallway. One morning he got up early and he did not know what time it was, since there was a fine light from the moon. (3) He hoped to go to the Cahar-na-Mart fair to sell a an ass. He was no more than three miles on the road when a great darkness came upon him, and a heavy rain began to fall. He saw a large house in the middle of some trees about five hundred yards from the road and he said to himself, "I'll go to this house, until the rain goes away." When he came to the house, the door was open, and he went in. (4) He saw a large room on his left, and a fine fire in the grate. He sat down on a stool near the wall, and it was not long before he began to fall asleep, when he saw a large weasel coming to the fire and it placed a guinea on the hearth stone and went away. It was not long before it came back with another guinea and placed it on the hearth stone and went away. It was going and coming until there was a large pile of guineas on the hearth. And at last when it went away, Paddy got up and put the great amount of gold which it had gathered in pocket, and off he went. He was not long gone when he heard the weasel coming after him screeching as loud as bagpipes. It went in front of Paddy on the road writhing here and there and trying to get a grip on his throat. (5) Paddy had a good oak staff and he kept it (the weasel) away from him until two men came up. One of the men had a good dog, and it (the dog) chased it (the weasel) into a hole in the wall. Paddy went to the fair, and instead of coming home with the money he got from his old ass, as he thought that morning he would going to do, he bought a horse with part of the money he got from the weasel, and he came home riding on horseback. When he came as far as where the dog had chased (literally "put") the weasel into the hole, it came out in front of him, leaped up, (6) and got a hold of the horses neck. The horse began to run, and Paddy couldn't head it off, (7) until (8) he jumped into a large ditch which was full of water and *******. He was ****** and strangling quickly, until some men came up who were coming from Gallway, and they drove off the weasel. Paddy took the horse home with him, and he put it into the barn, and fell to sleep. _________________________________________________________________________ Grammatical notes: (1) darbh ainm - the preposition "do" + past relative form of the copula, literally "to whom was a name--". (2) Verbal nouns for sitting, standing, lying, sleeping, waking and dwelling, and the word "tost" (being silent) use the preposition "i" with a possessive adjective for the progressive tenses that are normally expressed with "ag" and the verbal noun. E.g. Ta/ se/ ag caint. He is talking. but Ta/ se/ in sheasamh. He is standing. (3) "Gealaigh" rather than standard Irish "gealach" for the dative case of 2nd declension feminine nouns. The earlier language had a separate dative which was like the genetive with the final "-e" removed. (4) Literally, "inside with him." (5) Literally "trying to get a grip of a throat on him." (6) Literally "gave a leap up." (7) "Ceap" usually means "to think, intend", but when used with an animal it means "to head off, control". (8) "No/ go" a conjunction meaning "until". ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 22 Oct 92 08:15:38 MDT Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: Mike Rhodes USAFA Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 10B I have already tried posting this once, but it seems not to have gotten through. Here goes again. Ar maidin, la/ ar na mha/rach, d'e/irigh Pa/idi/n go moch, agus chuaigh se/ amach le huisce agus fe/ar a thabhairt don chapall. Nuair a chuaigh se/ amach chonaic se/ an easo/g ag teacht amach as teach na mbo/, agus i/ folaithe le fuil. "Mo sheacht mi/le mallacht ort," arsa Pa/idi/n, "ta/ faiti/os orm go bhfuil anachain de/anta agat." Chuaigh se/ isteach, agus fuair se/ an capall, pe/ire bo/ bainne, agus da/ lao marbh. Tha/inig se/ amach agus chuir se/ madra a bhi/ aige i ndiaidh na h-easo/ige. Fuair an madra greim uirthi agus fuair sise greim ar an madra. Ba madra maith e/, ach b'e/igean do/ a ghreim scaoileadh sula tha/inig Pa/idi/n suas, ach choinnigh se/ a shu/il uirthi go bhfaca se/ i/ ag dul isteach i mbotha/in beag a bhi/ ar bhruach locha. Tha/inig Pa/idi/n ag rith, agus nuair a bhi/ se/ ag an mbotha/ini/n beag thug se/ croitheadh don madra agus chuir se/ fearg air, agus chuir se/ isteach roimhe e/. Nuair chuaigh an madra isteach thosaigh se/ ag tafann. Chuaigh Pa/idi/n isteach agus chonaic se/ seanchailleach insan gcoirne/al. D'fhiafraigh se/ dhi an bhfaca si/ easo/g ag teacht isteach. "Ni/ fhaca me/," arsa an chailleach, "ta/ me/ breoite le galar millteach agus muna dte/ tu/ amach go tapa glacfaidh tu/ uaim e/." Chomh fada agus bhi/ Pa/idi/n agus an chailleach ag caint, bhi/ an madra ag teannadh isteach, no/ go dtug se/ le/im suas faoi dheireadh, agus rug se/ greim scornai/ ar an gcailligh. Scre/ach sise agus du/irt, "To/g di/om do mhadra a Pha/idi/n Ui/ Cheallaigh, agus de/anfaidh me/ fear saibhir di/ot." Chuir Pa/idi/n iach ar an madra a ghreim a scaoileadh, agus du/irt se/, "Inis dom ce/ thu/, no/ cad fa/th ar mharbh tu/ mo chapall agus mo bha/?" "Agus cad fa/th dtug tusa leat an t-o/r a raibh me/ cu/ig che/ad bliain ag a chruinniu/ i measc cnoc agus gleann an domhain?" "Shi/l me/ gur easo/g a bhi/ ionat," arsa Pa/idi/n, "no/ ni/ bhainfinn le do chuid o/ir, agus ni/ eile, ma/ ta/ tu/ cu/ig che/ad bliain ar an tsaol seo, ta/ se/ in am duit imeacht chun suaimhnis." "Rinne me/ coir mho/r i m'o/ige, agus ta/im le bheith scaoilte o/m fhulaing ma/ thig leat fiche punt i/oc ar son ce/ad agus tri/ fichid aifreann dom." "Ca/ bhfuil an t-airgead?" ar Pa/idi/n. "E/irigh agus ro/mhair faoi sceich ata/ os cionn tobair bhig i gcoirne/al na pa/irce sin amuigh, agus gheobhaidh tu/ pota li/onta d'o/r. Ioc an fiche punt ar son na n-aifreann agus beidh an chuid eile agat fe/in. Nuair a bhainfeas tu/ an leac den phota, feicfidh tu/ madra mo/r dubh ag teacht amach, ach na/ bi/odh aon fhaiti/os ort; is mac domhsa e/. Nuair a gheobhas tu/ an t-o/r, ceannaigh an teach ina bhfaca tu/ mise i dtosach, gheobhaidh tu/ saor e/, mar ta/ se/ faoi cha/il go bhfuil taibhse ann. Beidh mo mhacsa shi/os insan tsile/ar. Ni/ dhe/anfaidh se/ aon dochar duit, ach beidh se/ ina chara maith dhuit. Beidh mise marbh mi/ o/n la/ seo, agus nuair gheobhas tu/ marbh me/, cuir splanc faoi an mbotha/n agus do/igh e/. Na hinis d'aon neach beo aon ni/ ar bith de mo thaobhse, agus beidh an t-a/dh ort." "Cad e/ an t-ainm ata/ ort?" arsa Pa/idi/n. "Ma/ire ni/ Ciarbha/in," arsa an chailleach. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 23 Oct 92 08:51:49 -0600 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 10B, Translation Reading 10B, Translation In the morning of the next day, Paddy got up early, and he went out to g ive some water and hay to the horse. When he went out, he saw the weasel com ing out of the barn covered with blood. "Seven thousand curses on you!" said Paddy, "I'm afraid that you have done some harm." He went in, and he found the horse, a pair of milk cows, and two calves dead. He came out and set a d og which he had after the weasel. The dog got a hold of it and it got a hold of the dog. It was a good dog, but it had to let go before Paddy came up, b ut he kept his eye on it so that he saw it go into a small cabin which was on the shore of a lake. Paddy came running, and when he was at the little cabi n he gave the dog a shake and made it angry, and sent it in befor him. When the dog went inside it began to bark. Paddy went in and saw an old hag in th e corner. He asked her if she had seen a weasel come in. "No I didn't," said the hag, "I am sick with a terrible disease and if y ou don't go away quickly, you will catch it from me." While Paddy and the hag were talking, the dog was drawing nearer, until it finally leaped up, and got a hold of the the hag by the throat. She screamed and said, "Get your dog off of me, Paddy O'Kelly, and I wil l make you a rich man." Paddy put a salmon on the dog to loosen its hold, and he said, "Tell me who you are, or why you killed my horse and my cows?" "And why did you take the gold which I have been gathering from every hi ll and valley in the world for five hundred years?" "I thought you were a weasel," said Paddy, "or else I would not have tak en your gold, and another thing, if have been in the world for five hundred y ears, it's about time for you to go to your rest." "I commited a great crime in my youth, and I am about to be released fro m my suffering, if you can pay twenty pounds for 160 masses for me." "Where is the money (to pay for it)?" said Paddy. "Get up and dig under a thornbush which is hanging over a small well i t he far corner of this field, and you will find a pot full of gold. Pay the t wenty pounds for the mass and the the rest will be your own. When you lift t he stone from the pot, you will see a large, black dog coming out, but don't be afraid; it is a son of mine. When you get the gold, buy the house you fir st saw me in, you will find it is cheap, because it is rumored that there is a ghost in it. My son is down in the cellar. He will not do you any harm, b ut he will be a good friend to you. I will die in a month from this day, and when you find that I have died, set fire to the cabin and burn it. Don't te ll anyone anything about me, and you will have good fortune." "What is your name?" said Paddy. "Mary O'Kerwin," said the hag. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 28 Oct 92 13:21:22 -0700 Reply-To: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 10C Chuaigh Pa/idi/n abhaile agus nuair a tha/inig dorchadas na hoi/che, thug se/ la/i/ leis agus chuaigh se/ chun na sceiche a bhi/ i gcoirne/al na pa/irce, agus thosaigh se/ ag ro/mhair. Ni/or i bhfada go bhfuair se/ an pota, agus nuair a bhain se/ an leac de/, le/im an madra mo/r dubh amach, agus as go bra/ch leis, agus madra Pa/idi/n ina dhiaidh. Thug Pa/idi/n an t-o/r abhaile agus chuir se/ i bhfolach i dteach na mbo/ e/. Timpeall mi/ ina dhiaidh sin, chuaigh se/ go haonach i nGaillimh agus cheannaigh se/ pe/ire bo/, capall agus dosaen caora. Ni/ raibh a fhios ag na comharsanaibh ce/ an a/it a bhfuair se/ an t-airgead. Du/irt cuid acu go raibh roinn aige leis na daoinibh maithe. Aon la/ amha/in a ghle/as Pa/idi/n e/ fe/in agus chuaigh se/ chun an duine uasail ar leis an teach mo/r, agus d'iarr air, an teach agus an talamh do bhi/ ina thimpeall, a dhi/ol leis. "Tig leat an teach a bheith agat gan chi/os, ach ta/ taibhse ann, agus ni/or mhaith liom thu/ a dhul a cho/nai/ ann, gan a insint; ach ni/ scarfainn leis an talamh gan ce/ad punt ni/os mo/ na/ ta/ agatsa le tairiscint dom." "B'fhe/idir go bhfuil an oiread agamsa 's ata/ agat fe/in," arsa Pa/idi/n, "beidh me/ anseo ama/rach leis an airgead ma/ ta/ tusa re/idh le seilbh do thabhairt dom." "Beidh me/ re/idh," arsa an duine uasal. Chuaigh Pa/idi/n abhaile agus d'inis da/ mhnaoi go raibh teach mo/r agus gabha/ltas talu/n ceannaithe aige. "Ce/ an a/it a bhfuair tu/ an t-airgead?" arsa an bhean. "Nach cuma dhuit?" arsa Pa/idi/n. La/ ar na mha/rach, chuaigh Pa/idi/n chun an duine uasail, thug ce/ad punt dho/, agus fuair seilbh an ti/ agus an talu/n, agus d'fha/g an duine uasal an trosca/n aige isteach leis an margadh. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 2 Nov 92 09:33:20 -0700 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 10D D'fhan Pa/idi/n insan teach an oi/che sin, agus nuair a tha/inig an dorchadas chuaigh se/ si/os insan tsile/ar, agus chonaic se/ fear beag lena dha/ chois scartha ar bhairille. "Dia dhuit, a dhuine cho/ir," arsa an fear beag. "Go mba he/ dhuit," arsa Pa/idi/n. "Na/ bi/odh aon fhaiti/os ort romhamsa," arsa an fear beag, "beidh me/ i mo/ charaid maith dhuitse ma/ ta/ tu/ in ann ru/n a choinnea/il." "Ta/im go deimhin. Choinnigh me/ ru/n do mha/thar, agus coinneoidh me/ do ru/nsa mar an gce/anna." "B'fhe/idir go bhfuil tart ort," arsa an fear beag. "Ni/l me/ saor uaidh," arsa Pa/idi/n. Chuir an fear beag la/mh ina bhrollach, agus tharraing se/ corn o/ir amach, agus thug do Pha/idi/n e/, agus du/irt leis, "Tarraing fi/on as an mbairille sin fu/m." Tharraing Pa/idi/n la/n coirn agus sheachaid don fhear beag e/. "Ol tu/ fe/in i dtosach," ar seisean. D'o/l Pa/idi/n, tharraing corn eile agus thug don fhear beag e/, agus d'o/l se/ e/. "Li/on suas agus o/l ari/s," arsa an fear beag, "is mian liomsa a bheith go su/gach anocht." Bhi/ an bheirt ag o/l go rabhadar leath ar meisce. Ansin thug an fear beag le/im anuas ar an urla/r, agus du/irt le Pa/idi/n, "nach bhfuil du/il agat i gceol?" "Ta/ go deimhin," arsa Pa/idi/n, "agus is maith an damhso/ir me/." "To/g suas an leac mho/r ata/ insan gcoirne/al u/d, agus gheobhaidh tu/ mo phi/oba fu/ithi." Tho/g Pa/idi/n an leac, fuair na pi/oba, agus thug don fhear beag iad. D'fha/isc se/ na pi/oba air, agus thosaigh se/ ag seinm ceoil bhinn. Thosaigh Pa/idi/n ag damhsa go raibh se/ tuirseach. Ansin bhi/ deoch eile acu, agus du/irt an fear beag: "De/an mar du/irt mo mha/thair leat, agus taispea/nfaidh mise saibhreas mo/r duit. Tig leat do bhean thabhairt anseo, ach na/ hinis di go bhfuil mise ann, agus ni/ fheicfidh si/ me/. Am ar bith a bheas leann no/ fi/on ag teasta/il uait, tar anseo agus tarraing e/. Sla/n leat anois, agus te/igh i do chodladh, agus tar chugamsa an oi/che ama/rach." Chuaigh Pa/idi/n ina leaba, agus ni/or i bhfada go raibh se/ ina chodladh. Ar maidin, la/ ar na mha/rach, chuaigh Pa/idi/n abhaile agus thug a bhean agus a chlann go dti/ an teach mo/r, agus bhi/odar go sona. An oi/che sin chuaigh Pa/idi/n si/os insan tsile/ar. Chuir an fear beag fa/ilte roimhe, agus d'iarr air "An raibh fonn damhsa air?" "Ni/l go bhfaigh me/ deoch," arsa Pa/idi/n. "Ol do sha/ith," arsa an fear beag, "ni/ bheidh an bairille sin folamh fad do bheatha." D'o/l Pa/idi/n la/n an choirn agus thug deoch don fhear beag, ansin du/irt an fear beag leis: "Ta/im ag dul go Du/n na Si/dh anocht, le ceol a sheinm do na daoinibh maithe, agus ma/ thagann tu/ liom, feicfidh tu/ greann brea/. Bhe/arfaidh me/ capall duit nach bhfaca tu/ a leithe/id riamh roimhe." "Rachad agus fa/ilte," arsa Pa/idi/n, "ach ce/ an leithsce/al a dhe/anfas me/ le mo mhnaoi?" "Te/igh a chodladh le/i, agus bhe/arfaidh mise amach o/na taobh thu/, gan a fhios di/, agus bhe/arfaidh me/ ar ais thu/ an chaoi che/anna," arsa an fear beag. "Ta/im umhal," arsa Pa/idi/n, "beidh deoch eile agam sula dte/ me/ as do la/thair. D'o/l se/ deoch i ndiaidh di/, go raibh se/ leath ar meisce agus chuaigh se/ ina leaba ansin lena mhnaoi. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 9 Nov 92 07:45:17 -0700 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 10D, translation I've been out of town all week so this is a little late. Elementary Irish Gaelic Reading 10D Paddy O'Kelly and the Weasel Paddy stayed in the house that night, and when darkness came he went down into the cellar, and he saw a small man with his legs spread over a barrel. "God be with you, my good man," said the small man. "May he be with you (also)," said Paddy. "Don't be afraid of me," sad the small man, "I will be a good friend to you if you can keep a secret." "I can, certainly. I kept your mother's secret, and I will keep your secret in the same way." "Perhaps you're thirsty," said the small man. "I'm not free of it," said Paddy. The small man put his hand in his bosom, and took out a gold cup, and gave it to Paddy, and said to him, "Draw some win from that barrel underneath me." Paddy drew a full cup and handed it to the small man. "You drink first yourself," he said. Paddy drank, drew another cup and gave it to the small man, and he drank it. "Fill up and drink again," said the small man, "I feel like getting tipsy tonight." The two of them were drinking until they got half drunk. Then the little man leaped down on the floor, and sad to Paddy, "Do you like music?" "Yes, certainly," said Paddy, "and I am a good dancer." "Lift up the large slab that's in that corner over there, and you will find my pipes under it." Paddy lifted up the slab, found the pipes, and gave them to the small man. He squeezed the pipes against himself, and he began to play a sweet song. Paddy began to dance until he was tired. Then they had another drink, and the small man said: "Do as my mother told you, and I will show you great riches. You can bring your wife here, but dont't tell her that I'm here, and she wil not see me. Any time you want some ale or wine, come here and draw some. Goodbye for now, and go to sleep, and come to me tomorrow night." Paddy went to bed, and it was not long before he was asleep. In the morning, the next day, Paddy went home and brought his wife and his children to the large house, and they were happy. That night paddy went down into the cellar. The small man welcomed him, and asked him, "Do you want to dance?" "Not till I get a drink," said Paddy. "Drink your fill," said the small man, "that barrel will not be empty as long as you live." Paddy drank a cupfull and gave a drink to the little man, then the little man said to him: "I'm going to the Fairy Mound tonight, to play a tune for the Good People, and if you come with me, you will see fine bit of fun. I'll give you a horse the like of which you have never seen before." "Thanks, I'll go," said Paddy, "but what excuse will I give my wife?" "Go to sleep with her, and I will take you from her side without her knowing, and I will bring you back in the same way," said the small man. "I'm ready," said Paddy, "I'll have another drink before I leave you." He drank drink after drink, until he was half drunk and he went to bed then with his wife. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 12 Nov 92 10:33:36 -0700 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 10E This is the final instalment of Paddy O'Kelly and the Weasel. Next week I'll have a new text. Elementary Irish Gaelic Reading 10E Paddy O'Kelly and the Weasel Nuair a dhu/isigh se/, fuair se/ e/ fe/in ag marcai/ocht ar scuaib i ngar do Dhu/n na Si/dh, agus an fear beag ag marcai/ocht ar scuaib eile lena thaobh. Nuair a tha/inig siad chomh fada le cnoc glas an Du/in, labhair an fear beag cu/pla focal na/r thuig Pa/idi/n. D'oscail an cnoc glas, agus chuaigh Pa/idi/n isteach i seomra brea/. Ni/ fhaca Pa/idi/n aon chruinniu/ riamh mar bhi/ insan du/n. Bhi/ an a/it li/onta de dhaoinibh beaga. Bhi/ fir agus mna/ ann, sean agus o/g. Chuireadar uile fa/ilte roimh Do/mhnal agus roimh Pa/idi/n O Ceallaigh. B'e/ Do/mhnal ainm an phi/obaire bhig. Tha/inig ri/ agus banri/on na si/ ina la/thair agus du/irt siad: "Ta/imid uile ag dul go Cnoc Matha anocht, ar cuairt go hard-ri/ agus go banri/on a/r ndaoine." D'e/irigh an t-iomla/n acu, agus chuaigh siad amach. Bhi/ capaill re/idh ag gach aon acu, agus an Co/iste Bodhar le haghaidh an ri/ agus an banri/on. Chuadar isteach insan gco/iste. Le/im gach duine ar a chapall fe/in, agus bhi/ cinnte nach raibh Pa/idi/n ar deireadh. Chuaigh an pi/obaire amach rompu, agus thosaigh ag seinim ceoil do/ibh, agus as go bra/th leo. Ni/or i bhfada go dta/ngadar go Cnoc Matha. D'oscail an cnoc agus chuaigh an slua si/ isteach. Bhi/ Finbheara agus Nuala ansin, ard-ri/ agus banri/on Shlua Si/ Chonnacht, agus mi/lte de dhaoinibh beaga. Tha/inig Finbheara ina la/thair agus du/irt: "Ta/imid ag dul ba/ire a bhualadh in aghaidh Slua Si/ Mhumhan anocht, agus muna mbuailfimid iad, ta/ a/r gclu/ imithe go deo. Ta/ an ba/ire le bheith buailte ar Mha/igh Tu/ra faoi shliabh Bealgada/in." "Ta/imid uile re/idh," arsa Slua Si/ Chonnacht, "agus ni/l amhras againn nach mbuailfimid iad." "Amach libh uile," arsa an t-ard-ri/, "beidh fir Chnoic Ne/ifin ar an talamh romhainn." D'imi/odar uile amach, agus Do/mhnal beag agus da/ ar dhe/ag pi/obaire eile rompu ag seinm ceoil bhinn. Nuair a tha/ngadar go Ma/igh Tu/ra, bhi/ Slua Si/ Mhumhan agus si/-fir Chnuic Ne/ifin rompu. Anois, is e/igean don tslua si/ beirt fhear beo a bheith i la/thair nuair a bhi/onn siad ag troid no/ ag bualadh ba/ire, agus sin e/ an fa/th a rug Do/mhnal beag Pa/idi/n O Ceallaigh leis. Bhi/ fear darb ainm an Stangaire Bui/ o/ Innis i gcontae an Chla/ir le Slua Si/ Mhumhan. Ni/or i bhfada gur ghlac an da/ shlua taobha, caitheadh suas an liathro/id agus thosaigh an greann da/iri/re. Bhi/ siad ag bualadh ba/ire agus na pi/obairi/ ag seinm ceoil, go bhfaca Pa/idi/n O Ceallaigh Slua Mhumhan ag fa/il na la/imhe la/idre, agus thosaigh se/ ag cuidiu/ le Slua Si/ Chonnacht. Tha/inig an Stangaire i la/thair agus d'ionsaigh se/ Pa/idi/n O Ceallaigh, ach ni/or i bhfada gur chuir Pa/idi/n an Stangaire Bui/ ar a thar an airde. O bhualadh ba/ire, thosaigh an da/ shlua ag troid, ach ni/or i bhfada gur bhuail Slua Si/ Chonnacht an slua eile. Ansin rinne Slua Mhumhan priompalla/in di/obh fe/in, agus thosaigh siad ag ithe uile ni/ glas da/ dta/inig siad suas leis. Bhi/odar ag scrios na ti/re rompu, go dtangadar chomh fada le Conga, nuair a d'e/irigh na mi/lte colm as pholl mo/r agus shlog siad na priompalla/in. Ni/l aon ainm ar an bpoll go dti/ an la/ seo ach Poll na gColm. Nuair a ghno/thaigh Slua Chonnacht an cath, tha/ngadar ar ais go Cnoc Matha, lu/cha/ireach go leor, agus thug an ri/ Finbheara spara/n o/ir do Pha/idi/n O Ceallaigh, agus thug an pi/obaire beag abhaile e/, agus chuir se/ ina chodladh lena mhnaoi e/. Chuaigh mi/ thart ansin, agus ni/ tha/rla aon ni/ a bhfiu/ a insint. Ach aon oi/che amha/in chuaigh Pa/idi/n si/os insan tsile/ar agus du/irt an fear beag leis, "Ta/ mo mha/thair marbh, agus do/igh an botha/n os a cionn." "Is fi/or duit," arsa Pa/idi/n, "du/irt si/ nach raibh si/ le bheith ar an tsaol seo ach mi/, agus ta/ an mhi/ suas inne/." Ar maidin, an la/ ar na mha/rach, chuaigh Pa/idi/n chun an bhotha/in agus fuair se/ an chailleach marbh. Chuir se/ splanc faoi an mbotha/n agus dho/igh se/ e/. Tha/inig se/ abhaile ansin, agus d'inis se/ don fhear beag go raibh an botha/n do/ite. Thug an fear beag spara/n do/ agus du/irt, "Ni/ beidh an spara/n sin folamh chomh fhad agus a bheas tu/ beo. Sla/n leat anois. Ni/ fheicfidh tu/ me/ ni/os mo/, ach bi/odh cuimhne gra/ch agat ar an easo/ig. B'ise tosach agus pri/omh-a/bhar do shaibhris." Mhair Pa/idi/n agus a bhean blianta i ndiaidh seo, insan teach mo/r, agus nuair a fuair se/ ba/s, d'fha/g se/ saibhreas mo/r in diaidh, agus muiri/n mo/r. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 19 Nov 92 07:25:03 -0700 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 11A Here is an old Irish tale of Connla the Fair. I am including a vocabulary for the reading (which will be in three parts). Eachtra Chonnla Fhionn Bhi/ Connla Fionn ina mhac Choinn Ce/id Cathach, ard-ri/ na hEireann. Aon la/ amha/in a bhi/ se/ ina sheasamh lena athair ar Cnoc Ri/oga Uisnigh, agus chonaic se/ bean ana/lainn achar gearr o/ la/thair, agus bhi/ feisteas coimhthi/och uirthi. Tha/inig si/ chun na ha/ite inar sheas se/, agus d'fhriafraigh se/ di, "Ce/ thu/sa, a bhean uasal, agus cad as duit?" D'fhreagair si/, "Tha/inig me/ o/ Thi/r na nOg--ti/r mar nach bhfuil an ba/s na/ an tseanaois na/ sa/ru/ an dli/ ar bith ann. Tugann a/itreabhaigh an domhain seo Aos Si/ orainn, o/ir co/nai/mid istigh i gcnocaibh mo/ra taitneamhacha glasa. Tugaimid an t-am go haoibhinn ag caitheamh flea/ agus siamsa. Ni/ chrionaimid, agus ni/l brui/onta na/ caismirti/ ar bith againn." Bhi/ an ri/ agus a chomhluadar faoi dubh-iontas mo/r, o/ir ce/ gur chuala siad an comhra/ seo, ni/ fhaca aon duine ar bith an bhean ach Connla amha/in. "Ce/ hi/ seo ar labhair tu/ le/i, a mhic?" arsa an ri/. Ansin d'fhreagair an bhean, "Labhrann Connla le mnaoi o/ig a/lainn nach bhfaighidh ba/s go deo agus nach gcrionfeas choi/che. Gra/im Connla Fionn, agus tha/inig me/ e/ a thabhairt in e/ineacht liom go Maigh Mheall. An la/ a thagann se/ liom, is ri/ a dhe/anfar e/, agus rialo/idh se/ Ti/r na nOg go bra/ch, gan ghol agus gan bhro/n. Te/igh liom, a Chonnla Fhionn. Ta/ tu/ caomh agus ta/ leicne dearga, muinea/l brici/neach, agus gruaig bhui/ agat! Te/igh liomsa, a Chonnla, a ghra/, agus coimea/dfaidh tu/ do mhaise, gan rocaibh sheanaoise, go dti/ La/ uamhnach an Bhreithiu/nais." Ansin thosaigh si/ ag aithriu/ da/in: Do ghruaig bhui/ chraobhach, do ghnu/is chumtha, D'fhi/or ard maorga, do neart mo/r, Is iad go le/ir a chruthai/onn go bhfuil tu/ de shliocht Choinn. Bhi/ Conn Ce/id Cathach imni/och faoi an rud seo, agus ghlaoigh se/ ar a dhraoi, Cora/n, a chumhacht a chur in e/adan drai/ochta na mna/ si/. "A Chora/in, is ma/istir drai/ochta thu/. Is comhrac e/ seo nach bhfaca me/ a leithe/id o/ rinneadh me/ ri/ i dTeamhair--comhrac le mnaoi dofheicthe a mheallas mo mhac chun Ti/re na nOg lena horthai/bh dochracha. Ta/ a gliceas thar m'eolas-sa, agus ni/ fhe/adaim a cumhacht a sheasamh. Mura cabhrai/onn tu/ liom, is cleasa agus drai/ocht na mna/ si/ a tho/gfas mo mhac uaim." Ansin tha/inig Cora/n, an draoi, ar aghaidh agus thosaigh se/ ag canadh ortha in e/adan glo/ir na mna/. Bhi/ a dhrai/ocht ni/os mo/ na/ cuid na mna/ si/, gurbh e/igean di a fha/ga/il. Mar a d'fha/g si/, chaith si/ u/ll chun Connla, agus la/ithreach bonn a chuaigh si/ as a radharc, agus ni/or chuala an ri/ agus a mhuintir a glo/r a thuilleadh. ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 23 Nov 92 07:19:50 -0700 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 11a, Translation The Adventure of Connla the Fair Connla the Fair was the son of Conn of a Hundred Battles, the High King of Ireland. One day he was sitting with his father on the Royal Hill of Uisneach, and he saw a beautiful woman a short distance away, and she was wearing exotic attire. She came to the place where he sat, and he asked her, "Who are you, noble lady, and where are you from?" She answered, "I came from the Land of Youth--a land where there is no death nor old age nor any violation of the law. The inhabitants of this world call us the Folk of the Fairy Mound, for we dwell in great, pleasing, green hills. We spend our time pleasantly in feasts and entertainment. We never age, and we never have any strife or contention.." The king and his company were astonished, for although the heard this conversation, no one saw the woman except Connla. "Who is this you are talking to, son?" said the king. Then the woman answered, "Connla is talking to a beautiful young woman who will never die and who will never grow old. I love Connla the Fair, and I came to bring him with me to the Pleasant Plain. The day he comes with me, he will be made king, and he will rule the Land of Youth forever, without weeping and without sorrow. Come with me, Connla the Fair. You are dear and you have red cheeks, a freckled neck, and blond hair! Come with me, Connla, my love, and you will keep your beauty, without the wrinkles of old age, until the dread Day of Judgement." Then she began to recite a poem: Your fair, flowing hair, your comely face, Your tall stately figure, your great strength, All these things prove you are the progeny of Conn. Conn of the Hundred Battles was concerned about this, and he called for his druid, Coran, to use his power against the magic of the fairy woman. "Coran, you are a master of magic. This is an encounter the like of which I have not seen since I was made king in Tara--an encounter with an invisible woman who is beguiling my son to the Land of Youth with her baneful spells. Her cunning is beyond my skill, and I am unable to withstand her power. If you don't help me, the tricks and magic of the fairy woman will take my son from me." Then Coran, the druid, came forward and began to chant spells against the voice of the woman. His magic was greater than that of the fairy woman, so that she had to leave. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 25 Nov 92 08:39:49 -0700 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 11B Chuaigh an ri/ agus a mhac ar ais abhaile, agus ni/or ith Connla aon bia na/ d'o/l se/ aon rud ar bith ach an t-u/ll ar feadh mi/osa iomla/ine. Agus ce/ gur ith se/ den u/ll gach la/, ni/ dheachaigh se/ i laghad, ach bhi/ se/ chomh hiomla/n i ndeireadh na mi/osa mar a bhi/ se/ ar dtu/s. Ina theannta sin, nuair a thairg siad do/ rud ar bith le hite no/ le ho/l, dhiu/ltaigh se/ e/; o/ir fad a bhi/ an u/ll aige, ni/or mhaith leis aon bia eile a bhlaiseadh. D'e/irigh se/ anghruama bro/nach nuair a chuimhnigh se/ ar an ainnir si/ a/lainn. I ndeireadh na mi/osa, mar a bhi/ Connla ina sheasamh le hais a athar i measc na n-uaisle ar Maigh Archomain, chonaic se/ an bhean che/anna ag teacht chuige aniar. Agus nuair a tha/inig si/ in aice la/imhe, labhair se/ leis ar an gcaoi seo: "Is glo/rmhar an sui/ocha/n ata/ ag Connla i measc na ndaonnaithe ainnise gearrshaolacha, a fhanas buille uafar an bha/is! Ach anois, maidir leis na daoinibh si/oro/igeanta i Maigh Mheall, nach mothai/as seanaois go deo, agus nach eagal leo ar bha/s, is iad a fheiceas thu/ i measc do charad o/ la/ go la/, i nda/lai/ do dhu/chais. Ta/ cion acu ort, agus ba mhaith leo go raibh tu/ ina ri/ os a gcionn, ma/ thiocfaidh tu/ liom." Nuair a chuala an ri/ focail na mna/, d'aithin se/ ar a mhuintir ar an draoi a ghlaoch ari/s. "Tabhair dom mo dhraoi, Cora/n, o/ir feicim go bhfuair an bhean si/ cumhacht a glo/ir ar ais." Ansin du/irt an bhean, "A Choinn ghaisciu/il, tha/inig creideamh na ndraoithe chun oinigh bhig i measc na ndaoine ionraice tre/ana sa ti/r seo. Nuair a thabharfar an dli/ fi/re/anta ar ais, cuirfidh se/ se/ala ar bheola an deamhain bhre/agaigh dhuibh, agus ni/ bheidh cumhacht ag a dhraoithibh a thuilleadh a ndrai/ochta cluanacha a dhe/anamh." Anois thug an ri/ faoi deara na/r labhair a mhac riamh aon focal amha/in le duine ar bith nuair a bhi/ an bhean i la/thair, ce/ go labhrfadh siad fe/in ari/s agus ari/s leis. Agus nuair a stad an bhean ag caint, du/irt an ri/: "A Chonnla, a mhic, ar bhog focail na mna/ do chroi/?" Ansin du/irt Connla, "A athair, ta/ mi/shonas mo/r orm, o/ir ce/ go bhfuil cion agam ar mo mhuintir os cionn gach uile ni/, ina dhiaidh sin ta/im la/n de bhro/n mar gheall ar an mnaoi seo." ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 1 Dec 92 07:39:59 -0700 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 11B, Translation I mistakenly sent the translation for 10B rather than 11B. Here is the correct one. As she left, she threw an apple to Connla, and instantly she disappeared, and the king and his company no longer heard her voice. The king and his son went home, and Connla did not eat any food nor dring anything except the apple for an entire month. And although he ate from the apple every day, it did not become less, but it was as whole at the end of the month as it was at the beginning. Moreover, when they offered him anything at all to eat or drink, he refused it; for as long as he had the apple, he did not want to partake of any other food. He became very gloomy and sad when he remembered the beautiful fairy maiden. At the end of the month, as Connla was sitting by his father in the midst of the nobles at Maigh Archoman, he saw the same woman coming towards him from the west. And when she came near him, she spoke to him in this manner: "It is a glorious seat that Connla has among the miserable short-lived men, who wait for the dreadful blow of death! But now, as for the ever young men of the Pleasant Field, who will never feel old age, and who have no fear of death, they see you among your friends from day to day, in the assemblies of your native land. They love you, and they want you to be king over them, if you will come with me." When the king heard the woman's words, he commanded his people to summon his druid again. "Get me my druid, Coran, for I see that the fairy woman has got the power of her voice back." Then the woman said, "Valiant Conn, the belief of the druids has come to small honor among the strong, honest people in this land. When the true law is given again, it will seal the lips of the lying black demon, and the druids will no longer have power to work their deceitful magic spells." Now the king noticed that his son didn't ever speak a word to anyone when the woman was present, even if they spoke to him again and again. And when the woman had stopped talking, the king said: "Connla, my son, do the woman's words move your heart?" Then Connla said, "Father, I am very unhappy, for although I love my people above anything else, nevertheless, I am full of sorrow because of this woman." ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 3 Dec 92 07:45:52 -0700 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading 11C Nuair a du/irt Connla e/ seo, labhair an ainnir leis ari/s, agus chan si/ na focail seo le glo/r anbhinn-- Ti/r na nOg agus Ti/r na mBeo, Ti/r gan bro/n ar bith. Ta/ si/ i gce/in san iarthar bui/, Ar chladach na mara goirme. Ta/ curach luath de chriostal agam, Nach bhfaca su/il bha/smhar go deo. Tiocfaimid go ti/r sin roimh titim na hoi/che, I mo churaigh luaith ghil. Tiocfaimid go cladach na ti/re grianmhaire sin, Gan draoithe 's gan deamhain chomh maith. Go Ti/r na nOg, san iarthar bui/, Ar chladach na mara goirme. Ti/r aoibhinn a bhfuil gleannta uaine inti, Sruthanna geala 's ma/nna fe/armhara. Ti/r shi/theach sha/mh gan bha/s is gan tinneas, Mar a bhfuil Samhradh ann go deo. Ti/r na nOg, san iarthar bui/, Ar chladach na mara goirme. Ta/ aoibhnis iontacha do dhaonnaithibh San iar-inis a/lainn sin. Te/ann an ghrian fe/in gach tra/thno/na faoi, Isteach ina gleanna a sci/th a dhe/anamh. Ce/ go bhfeictar go bhfuil si/ i gce/in Ar imeall na mara leathaine, Tiocfaimid chuici sula dtite an ghrian faoi, I mo churaigh luaith de chriostal. Co/no/imid choi/che ar an inis fhe/armhair sin, Gan bhro/n 's gan phian go maith, I dTi/r na nOg, san iarthar bui/, Ar chladach na mara goirme. Is mo churach de chriostal a chosno/s thu/, A Chonnla Fhionn, mo ghra/, Ar na draoithibh 's ar na droch-deamhanaibh, Go dtagaimid chun an chladaigh iartharaigh sin. Co/no/imid sa ti/r sin i si/ocha/in 's i ngra/ go deo. Fada o/ orthai/bh an draoi, Fada o/ dheamhan an aeir. Cosno/idh se/ thu/, a Chonnla Fhionn, Cosno/idh mo churach geal thu/, Go dtiocfaimid chun an chladaigh bhui/, Ina bheidh tu/ ina ri/ go bra/ch. Nuair a chur an ainnir deireadh lena canadh, d'imigh Connla o/ thaobh a athar go tobann, agus le/im isteach sa churach geal de chriostal. Chonaic an ri/ agus a mhuintir i gce/in iad ag dul os cionn na mara i dtreo lui/ na gre/ine. D'fhe/ach siad go bro/nach urthu, no/ go dte/ an curach as amharc ar imeall na spe/ire. Agus ni/l eolas ag aon duine ar bith ar an a/it a ndeachaigh siad chuici, o/ir ni/ fhacthas Connla ina dhu/chas ari/s go bra/ch. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 4 Dec 92 12:09:50 -0700 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Bun-Ghaeilge: Reading #11C, Translation When Connla had said this, the maiden spoke to him again, and she sang these words with a sweet voice-- Land of Youth and Land of Life, Land without any sorrow. It is far off in the golden west, On the shore of the blue sea. I have a swift coracle of crystal, Which mortal eye has never seen. We will go to this land before the fall of night, In my swift, bright coracle. We will go to the shore of that sunny land, Free of druids and demons as well. To the Land of Youth, in the golden west, On the shore of the blue sea. A fair land where there are verdant valleys, Bright streams and grassy plains. A peaceful, tranquil land without death or pain, Where it is always Summer. Land of Youth, in the golden west, On the shore of the blue sea. The people are wonderfully happy In this beautiful western isle. The sun itself goes down each evening, Into its valleys to take its rest. Although it seems to be far off, At the edge of the broad sea, We will come to it before the sun goes down, In my swift coracle of crystal. We will dwell forever on that grassy island, Without sorrow and pain as well, In the Land of Youth, in the golden west On the shore of the blue sea. It is my coracle of crystal that will protect you, O Connla the Fair, my love, From the druids and the dark demons, Until we come to that western shore. We will dwell in that land in peace and love forever. Far from the druid's spells, Far from the demon of the air. It will protect you, Connla the Fair, My bright coracle will protect you, Until we come to the golden shore, Where you will be king forever. When the maiden made an end to her singing, Connla quickly left his father's side, and leaped into the bright coracle of crystal. The king and his people saw them in the distance going over the sea towards the setting of the sun. They watched them sadly, until the coracle went out of sight on the edge of the horizon. And no one ever knew where they went, for Connla was never seen again in his native land. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 10 Feb 93 08:08:29 -0700 Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board From: "Michael D. Rhodes" Subject: Elem GE Reading # 12 Elementary Irish Gaelic Reading # 12 For this reading, I have given an Old Irish poem, "I and White Pangur", (often called "The Scholar and his Cat") with a Modern Irish translation. This poem was written in the early ninth century and is found in a manuscript belonging to the St. Paul monastery in Unterdrausberg, Carinthia, southern Austria. The meter of the poem is called "deibidhe" in which there are seven syllables in each line with the stressed final syllable in b rhyming with the stressed final syllable of a, and the unstressed final syllable in d rhyming with the stressed final syllable in c. There is frequent use of alliteration. The modern Irish translation does not preserve the meter. I have included a modern Irish vocabulary, but no Old Irish vocabulary. The similarities between Old and Modern Irish will be evident, although this is obscured somewhat by the spelling conventions of Old Irish--for example aspiration is indicated only for c -> ch, s -> s (with dot over it, which I have rendered sh in the text), and t ->. Other aspirated consonants are not indicated--for example in line 4 mu menma is Modern Irish mo mhenma. In the Modern Irish translation I have tried to retain the same words used in the Old Irish version when that word was still in use. The meant using words that are designated Lit. (for literary) for those words that are no longer used in the spoken language, but can still be found in literature. I hope this gives you a taste of some of the riches in literature that can be found in Old Irish. Mi/chea/l mrhodes@gems.usafa.af.mil Messe ocus Pangur Ba/n Messe ocus Pangur ba/n, cechtar nathar fria shainda/n: bi/th a menmasam fri seilgg, mu menma ce/in im shaincheirdd. Caraimse fos, ferr cach clu/ oc mu lebra/n, le/ir ingnu; ni/ foirmtech frimm Pangur ba/n: caraid cesin a maccda/n. O/ ru biam, sce/l cen sci/s, innar tegdais, ar n-o/endi/s, ta/ithiunn, di/chri/chide clius, ni/ fris tarddam ar n-a/thius. Gna/th, hu/araib, ar gressaib gal glenaid luch inna li/nsam; os me/, du-fuit im li/n che/in dliged ndoraid cu ndronche/ill. Fu/achaidsem fri frega fa/l a rosc, a ngle/se comla/n; fu/achimm che/in fri fe/gi fis mu rosc re/il, cesu imdis. Fa/elidsem cu nde/ne dul hi nglen luch inna ge/rchrub; hi tucu cheist ndoraid ndil os me/ chene am fa/elid. Cia beimmi a-min nach re/ ni/ derban ca/ch a che/le: maith la cechtar na/r a da/n; subaigthius a o/enura/n. He/ fesin as choimsid da/u in muid du-ngni/ cach o/enla/u; du thabairt doraid du gle/ for mu mud ce/in am messe. Mise agus Pangur Ba/n Mise agus Pangur ba/n, ceachtar againn lena shan-dha/n: bi/onn a mheanma-san le seilg, mo mheanma fe/in i mo shain-cheird. Caraimse fos, fearr gach clu/ ag mo leabhra/n, ag tuiscint go di/cheallach; ni/l se/ formadach liom, Pangur ba/n: carann se/ fe/in a mhac-dha/n. Nuair a bhi/mid, sce/al gan sci/s, ina/r teach, sinn araon go haonarach, ta/ cluiche e/igri/ochta againn, rud a dtugaimid a/r mbeartai/ocht do/. De ghna/th, ar uairantaibh, tar e/is greasaibh galacha gleanann luch ina li/on-san; agus me/, titeann i mo li/on fe/in dli/ doraidh is deacair a thuiscint. Greamai/onn se/ i bhfraigh fa/il a rosc geal comhla/n; greamai/m fe/in i bhfe/ighe an fheasa mo rosc re/il, ce/ go bhfuil se/ an-lag. Ta/ a/thas air a dhul go tapa nuair a ghleanann luch ina chru/b ghe/ar; nuair a thugaim ceist dhoraidh dhil ta/ a/thas ormsa fe/in. Ce/ go mbeimis go deimhin ar uaireantaibh ni/ bhodhrai/mid a che/ile: is maith le ceachtar a dha/n; subhaigh gach aon fu/thu. Is e/ fe/in ma/istir do/ na hoibre a dheineann se/ gach aon la/; a thabhairt doraidh do shoile/ireacht is i/ m obair fe/in. Vocabulary a (asp.) - his a (ecl.) - their a (h- before vowels) her a (asp.) who, which (direct relative) a (ecl.) who, which (indirect relative) a (vocative particle) O a (asp. before vn) to ag - at; ta/ se/ ag an fear - the man has it. againn = ag + sinn - at us agus - and air = ar + se/ - on him an (definite article) - the an-lag (a) very weak aon - one, any; a, an aonarach (a) single, solitary, lone ar - on a/r (ecl.) our araon (adv) both a/thas (m) joy, gladness ba/n (a) white beartai/ocht (f) ingenuity beimis (conditional) we were bi/mid (pres. habitual) we are bi/onn (pres. habitual) is bodhraigh - to bother, annoy car - to love ce/ go - although ceachtar - either, one of two, each ce/ile - a che/ile - each other ceist (f) question; problem clu/ (m) reputation, honor, renown cluiche (m) game comhla/n (a) complete, perfect cru/b (f) claw da/n (m) poem; (Lit.) craft, calling de - of, from deacair (a) hard, difficult deimhin - go deimhin - indeed, certainly dein - to make di/cheallach (a) diligent dil (a) dear, beloved dli/ (m) law do - to do/ = do + se/ - to him doraidh (a) (Lit.) difficult doraidh (f) (Lit.) difficulty dul (vn) to go e/ - him e/igri/ochta (a) endless, infinite fa/l (m) hedge, fence (also wall) fearr (comparative of maith) better; best feasa (gen. of fios) fe/ighe (f) (Lit.) keeness, sharpness fe/in - self fios (m) knowledge formadach (a) envious fos (m) (Lit.) state of rest, resting fraigh (f) wall fuil (dependent pres. of ta/) fu/thu = faoi + siad gach (a) every galach (a) valorous gan - without geal (a) bright ge/ar (a) sharp glean - to stick, adhere gna/th (m) custom; de ghna/th - as a rule, usually go - that go - to greamaigh - to attach, fix, fasten greas (f) (Lit.) attack i - in i/ - her ina - in his (asp.), in her (h- before vowels), in their (ecl.) ina/r - in our is (copula) is is = agus la/ (m) day le - with leabhra/n (m) (Lit.) (copy of) book lena - with his, her, their liom = le + me/ - with me li/on (m) net luch (f) mouse mac-dha/n - (Lit.) childish craft ma/istir (m) master maith (a) good me/ - me meanma (f) mind, thought mise - me (emphatic) mo (asp.) my m = mo na (pl. def. article) the ni/ (not) ni/l - is not nuair - when (with relative particle - a) obair (f., gs. oibre) work orm = ar me/ Pangur - cat's name re/il (a) (Lit.) clear, bright rosc (m) eye rud (m) thing -sa (emphatic pronominal suffix) sain- (san-) special, particular, specific sain-cheird (f) special trade, occupation -san (emphatic pronominal suffix) san-dha/n (m) special craft sce/al (m) story sci/s (f) tiredness, fatigue, weariness -se (emphatic pronominal suffix) se/ - he seilg (f) hunt sinn - we soile/ireacht (f) clarity subhaigh - (Lit.) to rejoice ta/ - is tabhairt (vn) to give tapa (a) quick, ready, active tar e/is teach (m) house tit - to fall tug - to give tuiscint (vn) to understand uair (f) hour; time, occasion; ar uairantaibh - at times