1995.05.06 / Steven Enstad /  Editor Responds - re: Society for Scientific Exploration
     
Originally-From: chaos@leland.Stanford.EDU (Steven Paul Enstad)
Newsgroups: alt.paranet.paranormal,alt.paranet.science,alt.paranormal,al
.alien.visitors,alt.paranet.abduct,alt.paranet.ufo,alt.paranet.skeptic,s
i.skeptic,alt.sci.physics.new-theories,sci.physics.fusion,comp.society.f
tures
Subject: Editor Responds - re: Society for Scientific Exploration
Date: 6 May 1995 13:42:45 -0700
Organization: Stanford University, CA 94305, USA

The following text is from the Editor of the Journal of Scientific Exploration,
Bernhard Haisch <haisch@flare.stanford.edu>, in response to a number of 
questions raised regarding various policies of the JSE.    

-begin included message-

Dr. Nienhuys has raised several questions concerning the Journal of
Scientific Exploration and its operation. 

(1) Most scientific journals are published by a professional society. 
Editorial offices are often at a university, but journals are not usually
published by a university. A journal may be published for a society by a
university press. This is the case for the Astrophysical Journal and
Astronomical Journal for example, published for the American Astronomical
Society by the University of Chicago Press.  The Journal of Scientific
Exploration follows this traditional pattern. It is published by the
Society for Scientific Exploration, and has its editorial base at the
office of the Society President, Prof. Peter Sturrock, a distinguished
physicist and faculty member at Stanford University. 

(2) The editor, Dr. Bernhard Haisch, is a well-published astrophysicist
and associate editor of a leading mainstream journal .  He is not at
Stanford. Detailed biography can be found in the usual places such as
American Men and Women of Science, Who's Who in Science and Technology,
etc. 

(3) The only difference between JSE and a mainstream journal is in the
subject matter.  No topic is a priori excluded.  The criterion is
scholarship. The findings reported can be supportive of an anomaly,
critical of an anomaly, or negative.  The purpose of the Journal is to
provide a neutral forum for scientific investigation and discussion.  It
is a unique and necessary role that complements the mainstream research
enterprise.  If there is no place to publish on unconventional or
controversial topics there are two possibilities:  new phenomena will be
excluded from discovery and/or unscientific methods and claims will, by
default, be the only ones. 

(4) A good example of a critical article is "Anatomy of a Hoax: The
Philadelphia Experiment Fifty Years Later" by Vallee.  It is an expose of
a long-lived UFO hoax (a disappearing destroyer), claimed as real in a
book and a movie. 

(5) Referees are chosen by the editor and are not limited to Society
members or "friends".  Most referees are Ph. D.'s or M. D.'s.  One, two or
sometimes three referee reports are obtained. 

(6) The article acceptance rate is running at well under 50 percent. 

(7) Given the lack of consensus in anomalies research, the Journal has the
policy of printing signed critical referee's reports along with the
article if the article is well-done but the conclusions warrant criticism
and/or further discussion. 

(8) Nienhuys was selected as a referee precisely because he is a skeptical
expert. 

(9) Articles by skeptics are welcome.  For example, Mr. Randi has accepted
an invitation to write an article critical of a recent German government
dowsing study in the current JSE. 



-end included message-

Again, for more information, visit the SSE/JSE home page at:

<http://valley.interact.nl/av/kiosk/sse/home.html>
-- 
This message printed on 100% recycled electrons.
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------------------------------
1995.05.06 /  jedrothwell@de /  Re: Why Some Experiments Don't Need Error Bars
     
Originally-From: jedrothwell@delphi.com
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Why Some Experiments Don't Need Error Bars
Date: Sat, 6 May 95 22:19:01 -0500
Organization: Delphi (info@delphi.com email, 800-695-4005 voice)

Jim Carr <jac@ds8.scri.fsu.edu> writes:
 
>When you say you saw the plane fly, and that it flew some distance, it
>is implicit that you saw some space between the plane and the ground
>larger than the resolving power of your eyes from that distance away.
 
I agree. There is a continuum here. All experiments are fundamentally the
same. The reason why some experiments do not need error bars is because in
some cases the evidence is so overwhelmingly large, it would absurd to
question it.
 
Getting back to the actual example cited by Carr here, it is worth noting that
a few people claimed to fly before the Wrights, and some of them did -- more
or less. There were powered hang gliders and one of them hopped in an
uncontrolled flight on a beach in New Jersey in front of a crowd. By some
standards, that was the first flight, and it was several years before Kitty
Hawk. There is no doubt it got off the ground, but no expert today would
classify it as the first flight because it was not controlled and it could not
be repeated. My point is that even experiments we tend to think of as "all or
nothing" (presence or absense) can fall into the gray area.
 
It is a good thing that earlier hop never was repeated. The fellow would have
killed himself if he had tried it again.
 
- Jed
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1995.05.05 /  kurtz@imap2.as /  Re: Highlights of the Fifth International CF Conference
     
Originally-From: kurtz@imap2.asu.edu
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Highlights of the Fifth International CF Conference
Date: 5 May 1995 16:15:22 GMT
Organization: Arizona State University

jedrothwell@delphi.com wrote:
: Tom Droege <Droege@fnal.fnal.gov> writes:
:  
: >But I think we should think up a suitable penalty for Jed if the 
: >water heater does not appear by  - say January 1 1997?  What say Jed,
: >two shaved heads against your one.  How can you resist those odds?
:  
: Don't be ridiculous, Tom. I won that bet years ago. Commercial sales of
<**snip**>

: - Jed

Damn! And I thought I had been paying attention. How could I have missed it?

Does Sears handle the 25 gallon model?

Lynn Kurtz
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------------------------------
1995.05.06 / Felix Fields /  Re: Highlights of the Fifth International CF Conference
     
Originally-From: felix@best.com (Felix Fields)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Highlights of the Fifth International CF Conference
Date: Sat, 6 May 1995 20:27:03
Organization: Best Internet Communications, Inc. (info@best.com)

In article <365456933wnr@moonrake.demon.co.uk> Alan@moonrake.demon.co.uk
("Alan M. Dunsmuir") writes:
>From: Alan@moonrake.demon.co.uk ("Alan M. Dunsmuir")
>Subject: Re: Highlights of the Fifth International CF Conference
>Date: Sun, 30 Apr 1995 08:52:24 +0000

>In article: <h2-daoP.jedrothwell@delphi.com>  jedrothwell@delphi.com writes:

>> He is smart though. He knows that if you are going to make wild, absurd
>> unsuportable claims about electric motors magically interfering with
>> dial thermometers and thermocouples, or water at 100 deg C which looks
>> like it is boiling but it isn't, then the last thing you want to do is
>> put your claims to the test in an experiment.

>Well, you've long since figured that one out over wild unsupportable claims
>about over-unity performance, Jed.

>-- 
>Alan M. Dunsmuir [@ his wits end]     (Can't even quote poetry right)

>         I am his Highness' dog at Kew
>         Pray tell me sir, whose dog are you?
>                              [Alexander Pope]

>PGP Public Key available on request.



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------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Thomas Kunich /  Re:  Jones' hypothesis about E-Quest Helium
     
Originally-From: tomk@netcom.com (Thomas H. Kunich)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re:  Jones' hypothesis about E-Quest Helium
Date: Sun, 7 May 1995 04:30:11 GMT
Organization: NETCOM On-line Communication Services (408 261-4700 guest)

In article <pM2cyzb.jedrothwell@delphi.com>,  <jedrothwell@delphi.com> wrote:

>It is not enough to hypothesize that glass *might have been* the source of
>the helium. You have to actually verify that by experiment. They checked,
>they determined it is not true. End Of Story.

I see, then they have a working CF process and are keeping it secret?

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------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Jim Bowery /  Re: Expanded PLASMAK tutorial now on the world wide web
     
Originally-From: jabowery@netcom.com (Jim Bowery)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Expanded PLASMAK tutorial now on the world wide web
Date: Sun, 7 May 1995 05:28:55 GMT
Organization: NETCOM On-line Communication Services (408 261-4700 guest)

mbk@jt3ws1.etd.ornl.gov (Kennel) writes:
> Dr Koloc, the 'tokamak community' is like the 'internal combusition 
> engine' community.

Oh, the tokamak community turns out a few million working commercial
models at a profit every year?

> GM is in the business of selling cars to get people around.  If trained
> hamsters were to do it cheaper, they'd sell V-60 hamster engines.

And the experience of my friends who have a turbine engine that is
demonstrably cheaper, more reliable, less polluting and as efficient
as piston engines have been told "We don't do turbines" by guys at GM 
because GM is paying attention to the market -- ie: customers really 
CARE about whether torque is generated by a cam shaft or by a high
gear ratio transmission...

Right...

Face it, even where commercial disciplines apply, inertia is profound.

In Tokomak la la land, where funding is up-front for decades and 
production is impossible, the presumption of market dynamics overriding 
cultural inertia and political posturing is, to put it mildly,
preposterous.
-- 
The promotion of politics exterminates apolitical genes in the population.
  The promotion of frontiers gives apolitical genes a route to survival.
                 Change the tools and you change the rules.
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------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Richard Schultz /  Re: Jones' hypothesis about E-Quest Helium
     
Originally-From: schultz@garnet.berkeley.edu (Richard Schultz)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Jones' hypothesis about E-Quest Helium
Date: 7 May 1995 06:36:04 GMT
Organization: Philosophers of the Dangerous Maybe

In article <USE2PCB791022889@brbbs.brbbs.com>,
MARSHALL DUDLEY <mdudley@brbbs.brbbs.com> wrote:

>So you are saying Rockwell is incompetent to measure helium.  

Although this statement was made in response to Alan Dunsmuir, I was the 
one who brought up the point.  What I said was *not* that "Rockwell is
incompetent to measure helium," whatever that means.  What I said was 
that *Jed Rothwell* is not competent to determine whether the Rockwell
scientists who claimed to have measured excess helium were competent.
That is, I have no a priori reason to believe Rothwell's claim that
they were experts (sic) since he has no way of distinguishing an expert from
an idiot in this matter.  I am suspicious of the claim because in the
first place, accurately determining relative amounts of He in a mass
spectrometer is not trivial, especially in the presence of a large deuterium
background, and in the second place, it strikes me as a bit 
strange that they discovered macroscopic amounts of 3He but not commensurate
amounts of neutrons.
--
					Richard Schultz

"The palladium based systems are a useless dead end. Who cares about them?"
			--Jed Rothwell, sci.physics.fusion, 10 Dec 1992
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1995.05.07 / Richard Schultz /  Re: Jones' hypothesis about E-Quest helium (and D2)
     
Originally-From: schultz@garnet.berkeley.edu (Richard Schultz)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Jones' hypothesis about E-Quest helium (and D2)
Date: 7 May 1995 06:41:33 GMT
Organization: Philosophers of the Dangerous Maybe

In article <D83wyD.48E@world.std.com>,
mitchell swartz <mica@world.std.com> wrote:

>Is there a reference?   

Now that a refeernce has been presenteddo you have any plans to admit
that you were wrong?  ha ha.

Still waiting for Swartz to provide either evidence for his claim that I
claimed to be a spokesman for the ACS or an apology for having made it.

And what about that publication list you were going to send me?
--
					Richard Schultz

"_Cro_, the Children's Television Workshop's attempt at a commercially
appealing science cartoon show, will be cancelled in September by
ABC TV. . . . In _Cro_'s time slot will go _Dumb and Dumber_, a cartoon
about two moronic louts, derived from the movie of the same name."
				-- _Science_, 3 March 1995
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------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Tim Mirabile /  Re: Morrison's review of ICCF-5.
     
Originally-From: Tim Mirabile <tim@mail.htp.com>
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Morrison's review of ICCF-5.
Date: 7 May 1995 02:55:03 GMT
Organization: HTP Services 516-757-0210

msevior@tauon.ph.unimelb.edu.au (Martin Sevior) wrote:

<snip>
 
> However I was less than impressed with his treatment of the Paterson
> device demonstrated by CETI. Surely this was one of the most significant
> results of the conference. I real live "demonstration" device apparently
> producing a few watts of excess heat reliably all day every day. This
> is just what the mainstream of Scientists had been asking for.

This seems to fit the bill for the following:

> > barry@starfire.ucsd.edu (Barry Merriman) wrote:

> >I have plenty of imagination---but after 6 years of claims
> >(+ the previous 5 years during which P&F researched in secret), 
> >its seems appropriate to ask ``where's the beef''. I.e., lets fixate
> >on a single, reproducible experiment and diagnose it to death, just
> >to demonstrate the _existence_ of the effect----for this is probably
> >the most amazing effect ever discovered, if it really exists: an
> >effect that alters nuclear interaction properties at room temperature.

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------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Sam Goldwasser /  Re: Nuclear Weapons
     
Originally-From: sam@colossus.stdavids.picker.com (Sam Goldwasser)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Nuclear Weapons
Date: Sun, 7 May 1995 13:43:57 GMT
Organization: Picker International, St. Davids

In article <3o6p4d$9uj@newsbf02.news.aol.com> wthreeton@aol.com (WThreeton) writes:

>   If anyone can tell me about how nuclear weapons work, I'll appreciate it. 
>   I have a research paper due for my high school physics class, any help
>   will be appreciated.

So:

1. You want us to do your homework for you and freely admit it.  And now,
   several thousand people know this.

2. Go to any library - they will have more info than you are likely
   to get here.  621.something or just after this number if you library
   is cataloged that way.

Sorry.

--- sam
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------------------------------
1995.05.07 / John Logajan /  Re: Jones' Hypothesis about E-Quest Helium
     
Originally-From: jlogajan@skypoint.com (John Logajan)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Jones' Hypothesis about E-Quest Helium
Date: 7 May 1995 14:39:12 GMT
Organization: SkyPoint Communications, Inc.

Tim Mirabile (tim@mail.htp.com) wrote:
: jlogajan@skypoint.com (John Logajan) wrote:

: > The inverstion temperature for hydrogen is approximately -183C.  So
: > pressurized room temperature hydrogen warms up upon expanding through
: > a nozzle.

: Would this temperature increase happen if the expansion 
: occured in a cylinder with a movable piston, or is
: it only when released through a nozzle?

I don't know.  I was only paraphrasing the entry in the definitions section
of the CRC Handbook.  However, I don't think they would have mentioned
"nozzle" if it was a more general case in which any sort of expansion
caused the same result.

So my intuition is that in the case you cite, the temperature will drop.
But intuition is a bad thing to rely on, so more reading is required.

--
 - John Logajan -- jlogajan@skypoint.com  --  612-633-0345 -
 - 4248 Hamline Ave; Arden Hills, Minnesota (MN) 55112 USA -
 -   WWW URL = http://www.skypoint.com/members/jlogajan    -
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------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Richard Blue /  Re: what's wrong with H2O cold fusion?
     
Originally-From: blue@pilot.msu.edu (Richard A Blue)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: what's wrong with H2O cold fusion?
Date: Sun, 7 May 1995 16:51:34 GMT
Organization: Sci.physics.fusion/Mail Gateway

Elliot Kennel assures us the Hagelstein has the matter well in hand.
Somewhere among all the theories that Prof. H. has put forward there
is one that covers this case as well.  But I would like to ask how
well the experimental conditions match the Hagelstein requirements.

Do we simply invoke the old "Special Condition of Matter" cop out
to avoid ever saying what is the "Condition" and how it is "Special"?
Elliot says the special condition is "high loading".  Now lets look
to the experiments.  What data is there that demonstrates that the
Patterson cell approach provides an unusually high loading?  What
data is there that demonstrates that ultrasound focused through water
produces high loading?

My understanding is that experimentally it is somewhat difficult to
actually determine the loading achieve in the course of an experiment.
McKubre is credited with having devised a means for tracking the
loading during the course of electrolysis with a solid palladium
cathode, but I don't see how his methods could be applied by either
Cravens or Stringham.  Is it your assertion, Elliot, that the loadings
are known to be "high" in either of these cases?

Now back to Hagelstein's theory, if it should accidentally apply in
these cases.  Ultimately the "Special Conditions" generally involve
some lattice effect in a solid, correct?  There is the old, unresolved
debate as to whether cold fusion is a volume effect or a surface effect.
Presumably calling it a volume effect means that the more regular Pd
lattice you have available the better things will work.  If you spread
that Pd out in a thin layer, mixed up with other thin layers does that
not reduce that proportion of the Pd that is in a regular lattice?
Aren't we now looking a surface physics effects rather than the solid
state?  In passing I note that a proton is not a boson, in case anyone
cares.  If Hagelstein's theory applies regardless what reactions does
it say we should expect and how do they escape detection?

This brings me back to my original point.  Those interested in the physics
of cold fusion have to have some notion as to what physics is involved
even if they are going to play it rather fast and loose.  I think there
should still be some basic hypothesis as to what nuclear reactions account
for the "excess heat".  I know that Jed Rothwell disagrees on that point,
but I think Elliot Kennel knows better, right?

So far only one reaction has been placed into nomination.  That is
p + 16O -> 17F.  It will not fly for basic nuclear physics reasons, but
it also places the reaction in the liquid state (Doesn't it?) where all
the solid state magic mumbo jumbo does not apply.

I believe it was Marshall Dudley who gets the credit for shooting down
17F, but we then get the suggestion that (p,alpha) reactions can
account for observed helium.  I remind all candidates in the "NAME
THAT REACTION" competition that you must both make something and hide
it by the special conditions of your choice.

Dick Blue

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------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Richard Blue /  Error bars, signals, and noise
     
Originally-From: blue@pilot.msu.edu (Richard A Blue)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Error bars, signals, and noise
Date: Sun, 7 May 1995 17:21:25 GMT
Organization: Sci.physics.fusion/Mail Gateway

Jed Rothwell still claims that cold fusion has moved beyond the
realm of any possible doubt because the effect is too large to
be lost in noise or a jumble of error bars.  Maybe its time to
review the basic signals involved in some the experiments currently
being discussed.

The Cravens demonstration involved nominally 1 watt excess and, as
I recall, something like 300% gain.  From that I infer that the
input power was roughly 300 millawatts.  Have I got that right?
To do the electrolysis you have to some voltage across the cell -
something like 1.5 volts.  So what was the cell current and how
was it measured.  I know this will bug Jed Rothwell, but I would
also like to ask about the power drawn by the circulating pump
and where that power ultimately goes.  Now is it true, as it
appears, that the scientists attending ICCF5 did not inquire about
any measurements, but were convinced that this was a working
device simply because the electrolyte got hotter?  I haven't seen
many solid mubers about this demonstration.

Next let's consider some special features of the Griggs set up.
Here we have some thermocouples sensing temperature while a
20 KW motor is churning the bejabbers out of some water.  Review
for me some basic electric circuit theory that may be involved
here.  When you wire up a three phase motor there are 5 wires:
phases A, B, and C; AC power common; and "Green Wire" safety ground.
When you wire up a thermocouple there are at least 6 wires involve:
signal +, signal -, signal ground, AC hot, AC neutral, and "Green Wire"
ground.

Now for the quiz.  Assume that we roll a standard oscilloscope into the
room and start examining signals.  If we skip the obvious what would
you expect to see if you connected a foot of plan, unshielded wire
to the scope input and just left it dangling?  What would you see if
the end of the wire were connected to the AC power common for the motor?
What would you see if you formed a loop of wire a foot in diameter
connected at the ends to the scope input and the scope signal ground?
Might I suggest that signals of a few volts would not be difficult
to find around the Griggs device.  Oh, by the way, what is the
rough magnitude of the signals generated by the thermocouples?  How
are the thermocouple signals isolated electrically from the motor and
the pump?

Dick Blue

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------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Paul Koloc /  Re: Synchrotron Radiation in Tokamak's
     
Originally-From: pmk@prometheus.UUCP (Paul M. Koloc)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Synchrotron Radiation in Tokamak's
Date: Sun, 7 May 1995 03:58:06 GMT
Organization: Prometheus II, Ltd.

In article <3o62m1$jtf@curly.cc.utexas.edu> johncobb@uts.cc.utexas.edu
(John W. Cobb) writes:
>In article <3nqp25$10v@cnn.Princeton.EDU>,
>Robert F. Heeter  <rfheeter@phoenix.princeton.edu> wrote:
>>In article <AWC.95Apr21094704@spelsf.aug.ipp-garching.mpg.de> Arthur     
>>Carlson        TOK, awc@spelsf.aug.ipp-garching.mpg.de writes:
>>> Now to the question of significance. For the standard tokamak reactor
>>> concept (much criticized in this group), synchrotron radiation losses
>>> can be neglected. However, if you want to go to alternate fuels, you
>>> have to go to higher temperatures, where it can be a serious

>>
>>However, I think the power loss scales like (beta)*B^4 = nT * B^2.  
>>Most of the increase in beta (or nT) goes to give you an increase in
>>fusion reactivity, right, so you can't really cut B that much.

There is clearly a mag energy that can be factored out.  

But take care WHERE you are sampling "_B_" if on the toroidal axis the
beta measurement is accurate for a "plasma displaced B^2, but this
isn't the case for the poloidal field outside the plasma.  MOST of the
POLOIDAL FIELD ENERGY RESIDES OUTSIDE THE PLASMA, by virtue of the
huge inductance it has (axial ferromagnetics) and other surrounding 
casing.  

>>Hmm.  You make it sound like a high-beta advanced fuels machine can 
>>have less synchrotron radiation than a D-T machine.  I think this is a 
>>bit off.  Synchrotron radiation must scale with the number of particles,
>>so higher beta => higher density and/or temperature => higher radiation.  

>>So while synchrotron losses from a high-beta advanced-fuels machine 
>>will be lower than a low-beta advanced-fuels machine, I think they're 
>>still going to be higher than your standard D-T tokamak.

>Let me give my 2 cents worth. I think there is something I'm missing, but
>I always seem to get these types of arguements bass-ackwards. "~" means
>"scales like"
>Synchrotron_Power_loss_rate ~ nT * B^2 (This is what Bob said above, right?)

>Total stored Energy ~ nT  only in the plasma.  

Energy is also stored magnetically. 

>Therfore, >Tau-energy (energy confinement time) ~ B^(-2).

Which is the similar to the resistive time tau = R/L  where L is proportional
to B^(-2)

mostly  B^2 accumulated outside the plasma.  

>Now this energy confinemet time is only considering Synchrotron losses and
>not other losses like Brems. or particle transport, or line radiation, etc.
>but allow me to consider only Syn. losses under the assumption it is the
>dominant energy loss channel. 

>Now what happens when beta is increased?
>Well a whole lot of things so it really doesn't make sense to talk about
>increasing beta, "keeping all else constant". Ignoring that caveat, let me
>just work the argument anyway. Suppose I wish to keep the fusion power level
>constant. Then I keep density (n) and Temperature (T) constant. Then increasing
>beta means decreasing magnetic field (B). So doubling beta means cutting
>B^2 in half, which means doubling Tau-Energy. So the conclusion is that
>Tau-Energy ~ 1/Beta.

Again this is true for magnetic energy inside the plasma core, while 
elsewhere it doesn't change, so your conclusion has a pessimistic bias.  

>1) did anybody follow that argument?
>2) Of those that did, did it make sense? (I'm by no means claiming to be
>an authority here. I'm thinking outloud.)

>caveats:
>Of course there are other loss channels to consider, so that
>1/(Tau_energy) = (1/Tau_energy_synchrotron) + (1/tau_energy_brems.) +
>                 (1/Tau_energy_convection) + ....

If convection is taking place, you ARE in trouble.  

>I'm not exactly sure about how to answer this question exhaustively, however,
>here is one try. Look at a plot of fusion reactivity (\bar{\sigma v} for
>a Maxwellian), for example, I am looking at fig. 2.4 in Glasstone and Lovberg.
>My crude eyeballing seems to say that I can get the same reactivity from
>D-3He that I do from D-T if the Temperature is increased by a factor of 5
>(I guess this assumes a 3He rich 50/50 D/3He fuel mix???).

>Now if I keep the density constant, this means the total stored power
>will be five times more than in the same power level D-T reactor.

Not true ... do you see why??  Remember where MOST of the mag energy is. 

>So what are the appropriate dimensionless variables to consider when one is
>looking at reactor scaling and performance? My guess is beta, B, T, and
>fuel mix.

Plasma mag inductance at lowest pressure (in a sub volume) to Total 
machine mag inductance. 

>>Actually the answer we were given on this in class was that it *was*
>>possible to reflect *synchrotron* radiation back into the plasma with
>>a high level of efficiency.

>Yes, I've seen people suggest this, but how well will it work? I mean is there
>experimental data to support it or is it just some nice clean neat theorists'
>idea that has practical problems (mea culpa: I'm a recovering theorist). The
>problem I see is that you need your walls to be much less absorptive than
>the plasma, over a broad range of frequencies. I don't claim to be an
>expert on this particular point, but it sounds like an easy idea to visualize
>but a difficult one to realize. Although, as Bob indicates, reflection is
>the standard and well accepted answer.

And an excellent one for a system with "clean and totally surrounding 
continuous wall" such as the PLASMAK(tm) topology.  With beam ports, 
vaccuum ports, diag sensors and other intruding kludges, the Tokamak 
loses a lot of needed reflective wall simply because of the accumulated
"holes", which appears black to the Synchrotron source.   

>What about the simple thermodynamic argument that if the plasma is optically
>thick, then in equilibrium, the walls will reach the same temperature as
>the radiating core? That is, if the walls have no cooling, and if their
>reflectivity is 1- \epsilon, then in the long time limit, T_wall = some
>approriate average T of the radiating plasma. Now given a wall cooling power, 
>a reflectivity, a plasma radiating power and a plasma absoprtion coefficient,
>then what temperature does this imply for the wall? 

Well for a PLASMAK magnetoplasmoid, the hotter the Mantle becomes better 
it works.  Of course, it doesn't come close to the temperatures of the 
low Z fueled Kernel plasma.  For a solid state wall that must maintain
ideal vacuum wall status, this is a nightmare.    

>>The dominant method of radiation loss in most fusion plasmas is (I think)
>>not actually synchrotron radiation, but bremsstrahlung.  Because we have
>>electrons colliding with ions, the electron bremsstrahlung radiation is
>>large.  Bremsstrahlung losses also scale unfavorably with plasma beta,
>>and will be quite a problem for high-beta advanced-fuels machines.

I don't think so. Remember, it is the ratio of the radiation rate to
the heating rate.    

>Any numbers here? I used to know the expected power losses from these
>channels, but I have a mind like a steel sieve.

They are all in Book's book, Chen, or Fusion (a 2 vol. book) edited by
E. Teller. 
>-- 
>John W. Cobb	Quietly Making Noise, Pissing off the old Kill-Joys
>		-Jimmy Buffett
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Paul M. Koloc, Bx 1037 Prometheus II Ltd, College Park MD 20741-1037    |
| mimsy!promethe!pmk; pmk%prometheus@mimsy.umd.edu   FAX (301) 434-6737   |
| VOICE (301) 445-1075   *****  Commercial FUSION in the Nineties *****   |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+



cudkeys:
cuddy7 cudenpmk cudfnPaul cudlnKoloc cudmo5 cudqt2 cudszL cudyr1995 
------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Paul Koloc /  Re: Expanded PLASMAK tutorial now on the world wide web
     
Originally-From: pmk@prometheus.UUCP (Paul M. Koloc)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Expanded PLASMAK tutorial now on the world wide web
Date: Sun, 7 May 1995 04:38:47 GMT
Organization: Prometheus II, Ltd.

In article <3o8dco$plg@stc06.ctd.ornl.gov> kennel@msr.epm.ornl.gov writes:
>Arthur Carlson TOK (awc@slcawc.aug.ipp-garching.mpg.de) wrote:
>> In article <D7vIou.4DH@prometheus.UUCP> pmk@prometheus.UUCP (Paul M. Koloc) writes:

>> Yes. We are constantly considering alternatives. We support the
>> tokamak because it is the most promising fusion energy concept at this
>> time. And we support fusion because it is one of a few promising long
>> term energy options. And we support energy so that Mom can bake her
>> apple pie.

>Dr Koloc, the 'tokamak community' is like the 'internal combusition 
>engine' community.

That's silly!  
Your kidding, of course.  
You know, that making wild statements, doesn't always make them true.  

The tokamak community is a kingdom, a monopoly -- the ONLY institute 
commissioned to fusion research in the United States.  There is NO
Competition.    This makes it totally dissimilar to internal combustion,
external combustion, or ANY other commercial community.  It is here
to do as it pleases, and has no master to serve.  Peer review is
ideal for journal articles, (as long as they aren't challenging to
the current paradigm) but as a technique for reviewing funding, it
is absolute CONFLICT OF INTEREST.  So Dr. Kennel, we are at an
impasse of perception, me thinks.  

>GM is in the business of selling cars to get people around.  If trained
>hamsters were to do it cheaper, they'd sell V-60 hamster engines.

True ONLY if they were the ONLY car maker in the world -- Which they 
are not.  So, GM is serious about pleasing the consumer with noticable 
gliches for which the company has paid dearly.  That is not the case 
with DoE.  
NOPE!  Their incentives drive them the other way.  And they go 
on, and on, and on, .. .  and end up with what??? the tokamak!!!
yup!  by golly.. gee willikers.    Are they held accountable for such 
junk??? no! Is the tokamak independently reviewed for continuance? ...
                             .. . . NO!

DoE hasn't closed us down.  And why should they bother, we are too
small, and have never been considered for so much as a dime of their
support.  

So there is nothing here to shut down as far as they are concerned, 
and nothing to fear.  But, consider THE no-longer-funded-non-tokamak-
projects-and-facilities at LANL LLNL U Md, E=MC2, etc., etc. ad 
nauseum.  They now no longer exist, OR they are seriously crippled 
OR are perverted into ridiculous tokamak "support" work.     :-(

>Was AT&T in the "copper-cable-analog-transmission-of-signal" industry?

Is the tokamak 30 years + and still not enough energy to raise Any 
                                steam??

>> Dr. Arthur Carlson
>> Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics
>> Garching, Germany
>> carlson@ipp-garching.mpg.de
--
> Matt Kennel 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Paul M. Koloc, Bx 1037 Prometheus II Ltd, College Park MD 20741-1037    |
| mimsy!promethe!pmk; pmk%prometheus@mimsy.umd.edu   FAX (301) 434-6737   |
| VOICE (301) 445-1075   *****  Commercial FUSION in the Nineties *****   |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

cudkeys:
cuddy7 cudenpmk cudfnPaul cudlnKoloc cudmo5 cudqt2 cudszM cudyr1995 
------------------------------
1995.05.07 /  an137375@anon. /  Reg Mercuri: How might it work ?
     
Originally-From: an137375@anon.penet.fi
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion,alt.sci.physics.new-theories
Subject: Reg Mercuri: How might it work ?
Date: Sun,  7 May 1995 09:48:41 UTC
Organization: Anonymous forwarding service


New Scientist carried a report a couple of weeks ago about new evidence that
"Reg Mercuri" might exist, and be useful in constructing baseball sized
fusion or fission bombs.

Has anybody any references to the physics of how it might work, either as a
neutron mirror, or as an ultra high explosive ?


 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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If you reply to this message, your message WILL be *automatically* anonymized
and you are allocated an anon id. Read the help file to prevent this.
Please report any problems, inappropriate use etc. to admin@anon.penet.fi.
cudkeys:
cuddy7 cudenan137375 cudmo5 cudqt2 cudszS cudyr1995 
------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Tim Mirabile /  Re: Highlights of the Fifth International CF Conference
     
Originally-From: Tim Mirabile <tim@mail.htp.com>
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Highlights of the Fifth International CF Conference
Date: 7 May 1995 02:10:59 GMT
Organization: HTP Services 516-757-0210

Droege@fnal.fnal.gov (Tom Droege) wrote:

> Is anyone keeping a total of the potential shaved heads - I count at
> least 4?  Perhaps if Jed is correct we can get a group rate from the
> Hair Club for Men.

> Tom Droege

What a front page photo that would make - 

LIGHT WATER COLD FUSION SUCCESS - 17 SCIENTISTS LOSE HAIR

Too bad it will never happen...
cudkeys:
cuddy7 cudentim cudfnTim cudlnMirabile cudmo5 cudqt2 cudszS cudyr1995 
------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Tim Mirabile /  Re: Jones' Hypothesis about E-Quest Helium
     
Originally-From: Tim Mirabile <tim@mail.htp.com>
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: Jones' Hypothesis about E-Quest Helium
Date: 7 May 1995 02:33:21 GMT
Organization: HTP Services 516-757-0210

jlogajan@skypoint.com (John Logajan) wrote:

> The inverstion temperature for hydrogen is approximately -183C.  So
> pressurized room temperature hydrogen warms up upon expanding through
> a nozzle.

Would this temperature increase happen if the expansion 
occured in a cylinder with a movable piston, or is
it only when released through a nozzle?
cudkeys:
cuddy7 cudentim cudfnTim cudlnMirabile cudmo5 cudqt2 cudszS cudyr1995 
------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Tim Mirabile /  Re: me on TV in Boston WCVB
     
Originally-From: Tim Mirabile <tim@mail.htp.com>
Newsgroups: alt.sci.physics.plutonium,sci.engr,sci.physics,sci.physics.f
sion,sci.physics.electromag,sci.chem,sci.bio,sci.math,misc.invest.stocks
rec.bicycles.tech
Subject: Re: me on TV in Boston WCVB
Date: 7 May 1995 02:47:02 GMT
Organization: HTP Services 516-757-0210

Archimedes.Plutonium@dartmouth.edu (Archimedes Plutonium) wrote:

> In article <elbert-chang-0305951125270001@lin126060.res-hall.nwu.edu>
> elbert-chang@nwu.edu (Elbert I. Chang) writes:

> > In article <3o6agd$8vp@dartvax.dartmouth.edu>,
> > Archimedes.Plutonium@dartmouth.edu (Archimedes Plutonium) wrote:

> > >   I especially thank this TV organization for spending over an hour
> > > with me 14:30-16:00 interviewing me and making a TV film of me.

> > OH MY GOD!  An hour-and-a-half with this idiot?  Were these TV people
> > convicted felons or masochists?!

> Styx, Atom

What does this mean?

Are you telling him to go to Hell?

cudkeys:
cuddy7 cudentim cudfnTim cudlnMirabile cudmo5 cudqt2 cudszM cudyr1995 
------------------------------
1995.05.07 / mitchell swartz /  Jones' hypothesis about E-Quest helium (and D2) - pt.1
     
Originally-From: mica@world.std.com (mitchell swartz)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Jones' hypothesis about E-Quest helium (and D2) - pt.1
Subject: Re: Jones' hypothesis about E-Quest helium (and D2)
Subject: Re: News on cf in March 20 C&EN
Subject: Re: News on cf in March 20 C&EN -- heavywatergate again?
Date: Sun, 7 May 1995 17:14:15 GMT
Organization: The World Public Access UNIX, Brookline, MA

   In Message-ID: <3ohq2t$ad7@agate.berkeley.edu>
Subject: Re: Jones' hypothesis about E-Quest helium (and D2)
Richard Schultz (schultz@garnet.berkeley.edu) wrote:

     In article <D83wyD.48E@world.std.com>,
     mitchell swartz <mica@world.std.com> wrote:
     >Is there a reference?   
="Now that a refeernce has been presenteddo you have any plans to admit
=that you were wrong?  ha ha."

Dear colleagues:

   Mr. Richard Schultz, ever  attempting to be a world-class 
out-spoken daffy spokesman for the TB-skeptics against the 
cold fusion phenomena, unfortunately again demonstrates his
subthreshold abilities in this scholarly arena.

   First.  Was a reference presented?
  I did ask for a reference to show deuterium heats on expansion.
That is not in Reif, as any scholar or reader of the book is aware.
The request for the info is reasonable since this opposes the gas-laws
in the most general case ('throttling' already discussed at length).

   Now like many here, have tried to focus this
USENET group on science (fat chance given Schultz-types and certain other
TB-idiots). Some concur.   John Cobb mentioned Reif (a great statistical 
mechanics text -- for 6.08 at MIT at one time).  Reif was cited
by myself previously on the subject of "throttling" but Mr. Schultz,
never quite able to either understand or apparently even read effectively
fails to point out -- as has been discussed -- that Reif DOES NOT have a
D2 curve.  (optionally see second post for UUENCODED-GIF figure)

Schultz's posting is opposite what was posted to John Cobb.
   -For a good elementary ref. try Reif's <Fundamentals of Statistical Mechanics>
   -(McGraw-Hill, 1965) pp. 175-184, the sections on free expansion and Throttling
   -(Joule-Thomson) Processes...."
   " Thanks John.
    Reif is always my first choice, but attention is directed to the fact that,
  first, the isoenthalpic curves are only for N2 therein (and hence
  the question of the reference) .... Reif is one of the better starting places.
       [Message-ID: <D84oGE.46z@world.std.com>
               mica@world.std.com (mitchell swartz)]


  Instead  "P.E."Schultz posts the less than intelligent comments found to 
be typically emanating from him as quoted far above. Too bad.
It has been pointed out by several individuals that he just never reads
references but all too frequently pontificates -- albeit wrongly.
Berkeley used to be a source of coherence and imagination.

Schultz's posting is also opposite what is in the actual  text.
  To demonstrate to any reader that Schultz is attempting to 
impersonate a handicapped individual by ignoring the text
(again), the reader is invited to actually examine
the ONLY isoenthalpic curves (a nitrogen, i.e. N2, curve) from
Reif.   Said curve is UUencoded and 
is appended in the next post as GIF from Reif actually as it occurs.
NOTA BENE: Attention is directed to the fact that it is for "N2".
 Schultz has yet to make any comment upon it, or any of the other 
questions put to him.   

  Doubt anyone here will "see" Mr. Schultz apologize either for
his error re: the post, or his error re: the book.   

   The request therefore remains open, if anyone has a reference to the
D2 curve please contact me or post it, and thanks in advance.


="Still waiting for Swartz to provide either evidence for his claim that I
=claimed to be a spokesman for the ACS or an apology for having made it."

  Second.  More electrobabble from Berkeley, originating with
substandard comments by Mr. "P.E." Schultz in his capacity of revisionist
pseudoscientist.   But "science", colleagues, is systematized 
knowledge and the feedback loop with experimentation.
Therefore, let's look at his postings (data), and see what
information these postings reveal.
Has Mr. Schultz been a spokesman for, and about, the ACS?
Messages about the ACS were posted by him.   He denied/s it.
Here is a short sample, since time and interest in his continuing sociopathic
comments is limited.   Here is the first one:

------------- from USENET sci.physics.fusion ----
  In Message-ID: <3lc5va$cru@agate.berkeley.edu>
Subject: Re: News on cf in March 20 C&EN
Richard Schultz schultz@garnet.berkeley.edu) wrote:
 =Kohn (who was trying to organize the session) told people they would
 =be giving oral presentations *beofre* he checked with the Program
 =Chairperson to find out if it was okay.  In fact, allowing the 
 =poster sessions was a fairly gracious move on her part.    
 ----------------------------------------------------------------

Seems that, given that Mr. Schultz is speaking for, and about, ACS  
There is no doubt about this.  Despite his denial, there it is in his own
words as posted here.   Also here is a second post:
------------- from USENET sci.physics.fusion ----
  In Message-ID: <3lf7es$elb@agate.berkeley.edu>
Subject: Re: News on cf in March 20 C&EN -- heavywatergate again?
Richard Schultz (schultz@garnet.berkeley.edu) wrote:
>= If Kohn had contacted her before
>=the deadline, or proposed the symposium at the proper time and been
>=dismissed without a hearing, [... one side of the story ....]
>=  [zip] ..
 ----------------------------------------------------------------

This, too. was for, and about, ACS. Hmmmmmm.  Caught twice.
Here is a third post, in Mr. Schultz' own words:
------------- from USENET sci.physics.fusion ----
  In Message-ID: <3lh2rb$all@agate.berkeley.edu>
Richard Schultz (schultz@garnet.berkeley.edu) writes
 =  Kohn "dangled" two papers in front of Baisden (as
 =in he proposed that two cf papers be presented) in September and
 =she agreed, and then in November he came back with fourteen.  
 ----------------------------------------------------------------

Mr. Schultz is now caught three (3) times.
 Mr. Schultz has a lot of "inside" information based upon his
epistles.   "dangled", "proposed", much inside info.


 By his own fingers, as posted in messages  <3lf7es$elb@agate.berkeley.edu>
and <3lc5va$cru@agate.berkeley.edu> and <3lh2rb$all@agate.berkeley.edu>,
he shows himself as an electronic speaker -- over the entire world -- an
electronic spokesman (if he really is a man) for ACS.
Did we say Mr. Schultz was a PAID spokesman?  No.  
When will Mr. Schultz ever admit that.  Probably never. 

  Doubt anyone here will "see" Mr. Schultz apologize for
this either.   Instead he will probably hide, avoid science, and merely
quote Miss Manners or Children's Television facts
(no offense intended), with brick-toss tactics against those
who try to educate, learn and share information here;
according to Mr. Schultz's custom and apparent ability.

For those interested in science, try Reif, or uncode the GIF figure
next with the isoenthalpic curves.  They will explain what John
Cobb and Logajan were discussing.

   Best wishes, colleagues.      
            Mitchell Swartz   (mica@world.std.com)




cudkeys:
cuddy7 cudenmica cudfnmitchell cudlnswartz cudmo5 cudqt2 cudszL cudyr1995 
------------------------------
1995.05.07 / mitchell swartz /  jones' hypothesis about E-Quest helium (and D2) - pt 2 (GIF long)
     
Originally-From: mica@world.std.com (mitchell swartz)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: jones' hypothesis about E-Quest helium (and D2) - pt 2 (GIF long)
Subject: Re: Jones' hypothesis about E-Quest helium (and D2)
Date: Sun, 7 May 1995 17:15:56 GMT
Organization: The World Public Access UNIX, Brookline, MA

   In Message-ID: <3ohq2t$ad7@agate.berkeley.edu>
Subject: Re: Jones' hypothesis about E-Quest helium (and D2)
Richard Schultz (schultz@garnet.berkeley.edu) wrote:

     In article <D83wyD.48E@world.std.com>,
     mitchell swartz <mica@world.std.com> wrote:
     >Is there a reference?   
="Now that a refeernce has been presenteddo you have any plans to admit
=that you were wrong?  ha ha."

Dear colleagues:

   Mr. Richard Schultz again demonstrates his subthreshold abilities
in this scholarly arena.
   John Cobb mentioned Reif (a great statistical 
mechanics text -- for 6.08 at MIT at one time).  
In Reif  the isoenthalpic curves are only for N2 therein (and hence
  the question of the reference).
Below, the reader is invited to actually examine
the isoenthalpic curves ( N2) from
Reif.   Said curves are UUencoded and  GIF from Reif actually as it occurs.
Attention is directed to the fact that it is for "N2".  That is nitrogen,
as stated.

The caption reads: "Figure 5-10-3 curves of constant enthalpy H 
in the pT plane of a gas.  The numerical values are for nitrogen (N2). 
 The dashed line is the inversion curve."

 The request remains open, if anyone has a reference to the D2 curve
please, and thanks in advance.

   Best wishes, colleagues.      
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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G<`W56*PF-K>^+69EFZ@]RRY79YL]8'3M6EV%`6>;1UP';H50```[
`
end

[ Section: 1/1  File: n6.gif  Encoder: Wincode v1.5 ]



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------------------------------
1995.05.07 / w weinstein /  Latex help
     
Originally-From: vovka@ix.netcom.com (walter weinstein)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Latex help
Date: 7 May 1995 21:16:27 GMT
Organization: Netcom

is there any simpler way to set up a LateX package on my 486-pc windows
or Dos that would transform various e-print latex files that I download
into readable ASCII or ?? form.  I must have downloaded over 5 Mb. of
various Latex Emtex Tex files from all over the world and still cant
make them translate Latex files into simple READABLE form..
There must be a simpler way PLEASE HELP !!!!
vovka@ix.netcom.com
cudkeys:
cuddy7 cudenvovka cudfnwalter cudlnweinstein cudmo5 cudqt2 cudszS cudyr1995 
------------------------------
1995.05.07 / William Rowe /  Re: H2O is a-okay; a priori is NOT science
     
Originally-From: browe@netcom.com (William Rowe)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: H2O is a-okay; a priori is NOT science
Date: Sun, 7 May 1995 21:12:54 GMT
Organization: NETCOM On-line Communication Services (408 261-4700 guest)

In article <ZS996Xf.jedrothwell@delphi.com>, jedrothwell@delphi.com wrote:

[skip]
 
>The rule is simple: data always wins, theory always loses, no exceptions
>granted. I will believe *absolutely anything* that gets replicated. Show me

I would fully agree data should win. However, it isn't really the data
that is in question. Instead, it is the interpretation of the data that is
in question. Perhaps, there is a better explaination, read theory, for
some of the anomolous heat generation than cold fusion.
-- 
William Rowe                                                   browe@netcom.com
MD5OfPublicKey: F29A99C805B41838D9240AEE28EBF383
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------------------------------
1995.05.07 / Bryan Wallace /  Re: The Farce of Physics
     
Originally-From: wallaceb@news.IntNet.net (Bryan Wallace)
Newsgroups: alt.alien.visitors,alt.paranet.ufo,alt.philosophy.objectivis
,alt.sci.physics.new-theories,misc.books.technical,sci.astro,sci.energy,
ci.misc,sci.physics,sci.physics.electromag,sci.physics.fusion,sci.physic
.particle,sci.research,sci.skeptic
Subject: Re: The Farce of Physics
Date: 7 May 1995 17:02:27 -0400
Organization: Intelligence Network Online, Inc.

   The "The Farce of Physics" thread that I started last November plus several
short related threads has now reached a total of 342 posts by 149 people.  The
thread is devoted to the topics, information, and arguments in my free
electronic book by the same name, as well as related current information and
arguments discussing the problems in modern physics.
   We had a very interesting event called "DISCOVERY DAY At Eckerd College"
last Sunday, that was attended by thousands of people.  Lockheed Martin and
the U.S. Department of Energy were the major sponsors, and it was also
sponsored by the local St. Petersburg Times newspaper, the Pinellas County
School Board, Apple, E-Systems, Honeywell, IBM, and many other businesses and
organizations.  It had a broad range of activities including workshops,
demonstrations, lectures, vendor exhibits, and activities for all ages and all
levels of technical abilities.  I talked to Marisa Pfalzgraf, the System
Administrator for the College computer system, and she said that Intelligence
Network Online, Inc. had replaced our low speed 56kb feed with a high speed T1
link to the Internet for the event.  I talked to the owner of the corporation
George Pilat at his booth, and he said that for $39 per month I could get a
combined PPP and SHELL account that would allow me to do much more than I had
been able to do with my College and America Online accounts, so I've replaced
them with an account from his corporation.  In the future send all
correspondence to me at wallaceb@intnet.net which is my new address.
   My book is now archived in many Internet libraries and can be found by
using Gopher and World Wide Web and will be available from Project Gutenberg
archives and on their CDROM's.  The free standard 311KB ASCII version can be
obtained by anonymous ftp from ftp.germany.eu.net in the directory
/pub/books/wallace by using "get farce.txt".  The file in the directory is in
a compressed form and called farce.txt.gz but if you leave off the .gz the
system will send you the uncompressed text.  If you use a graphics interface
to ftp the book, like that used by America Online, you may get a file called
farce.txt that is still in a compressed form.  You can ftp a software package
for the PC called gzip124.zip from ftp.aol.com in the directory
/pub/compress/ibmpc that will uncompress the book after you rename it
farce.gz.  Unix computer systems have a command called "gunzip" that will also
uncompress the .gz format.  You can now ftp the book in an uncompressed form
from my new Internet service provider at ftp.intnet.net in the directory
/pub/BOOKS/Wallace in which I plan to add GIF picture files of events and
people in the book as well as WordPerfect 5.1 computer files with enclosed
graphics of reprints of papers I've published over the years.  If you have
email but not ftp I can send a copy of the book by email and if there is a
size limit on your system, I can send it in segments with the largest being
55KB for Chapter 3.  If you don't have access to the Internet but have a
computer with a modem, you can download the book from the Bulletin Board
"SIRIUS CONNECTION" in Ontario Canada.  The V.32 bis to 14.4K baud data phone
lines are 705-737-0728 and 705-737-3030 and you log in as a new user using
ANSI or RIP graphics, then log to the BROWSE file library and download the
file FARCE.TXT.  The stats from EU Net show a peek of 2013 copies sent by ftp
last November and I've sent out at least 6000 copies of the book by email over
the past 2 years.  There are no restrictions on anyone making electronic or
paper copies of my book, and there are thousands of people who have copies, so
if you can't get the book by modem or the Internet, you should be able to find
someone who will make a computer disk copy or a paper printout of the book.  A
paperback version of the book for about $5.95 should soon be available and I
will post information on it on this thread when I have it.  The
HTML/World-Wide Web Hypertext version of the book is available via:

URL:http://www.Germany.EU.net/books/farce/farce.html

Bryan



cudkeys:
cuddy7 cudenwallaceb cudfnBryan cudlnWallace cudmo5 cudqt2 cudszM cudyr1995 
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1995.05.07 / A Plutonium /  Re: me on TV in Boston WCVB
     
Originally-From: Archimedes.Plutonium@dartmouth.edu (Archimedes Plutonium)
Newsgroups: alt.sci.physics.plutonium,sci.engr,sci.physics,sci.physics.f
sion,sci.physics.electromag,sci.chem,sci.bio,sci.math,misc.invest.stocks
rec.bicycles.tech
Subject: Re: me on TV in Boston WCVB
Date: 7 May 1995 21:50:05 GMT
Organization: Plutonium College

In article <3ohcb6$kkv@news.htp.com>
Tim Mirabile <tim@mail.htp.com> writes:

> > Styx, Atom
> 
> What does this mean?
> 
> Are you telling him to go to Hell?

Read Greek mythology, some Roman. There are scores of books on it.
Heaven is 94 Protons. Can anyone out there list the 94 most important
Greek and Roman gods. How did the ancient Greeks, say Socrates,
Pythagoras, Democritus pray? Hands in prayer? Or more libations? Heaven
is the nucleus. Our photon souls are reincarnated, . . some day I may
post my views,  Manners, manners are very very important, but try
telling that to a reincarnated blow fly or horse fly, . .
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1995.05.07 / Sergio Pomante /  Re: fields theory - lettera.txt [1/2]
     
Originally-From: pmne06k1@te.nettuno.it (Sergio Pomante)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: fields theory - lettera.txt [1/2]
Date: 7 May 1995 23:15:45 GMT
Organization: none


>Oh, I see what you mean!
>
   What ??????

  I have do a mistake ,....stop. !!!!!

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1995.05.07 / Jim Carr /  Re: What Will it Be Like?
     
Originally-From: jac@ds8.scri.fsu.edu (Jim Carr)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Re: What Will it Be Like?
Date: 7 May 1995 19:45:17 -0400
Organization: Supercomputer Computations Research Institute

In article <3ngnka$glh@s-cwis.unomaha.edu> 
stone@cwis.unomaha.edu (Travis Stone) writes:
>  
>Oh, and the cost of the Palladium, too.  That stuff's not cheap, from
>what I've heard. 

You mean the way the use of platinum in catalytic converters has 
made automobiles so expensive that only the very rich can buy them? 

It is all in how much you need, whether it is consumed or not, and 
what the price-benefit ratio is. 

-- 
 James A. Carr   <carr@scri.fsu.edu>    |  "My pet light bulb is a year old  
    http://www.scri.fsu.edu/~jac        |  today.  That is 5.9 trillion miles 
 Supercomputer Computations Res. Inst.  |  in light years.  Your mileage may 
 Florida State, Tallahassee FL 32306    |  vary."   -- Heywood Banks 
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1995.05.07 / Jim Carr /  Re: Uranium / Fission question
     
Originally-From: jac@ds8.scri.fsu.edu (Jim Carr)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion,sci.energy
Subject: Re: Uranium / Fission question
Date: 7 May 1995 20:28:01 -0400
Organization: Supercomputer Computations Research Institute

>> In article <3ngob0$8cp@crcnis3.unl.edu>, poydence@unlinfo.unl.edu
(Paul A. Poydence) writes:
>> |> I have been reading various texts about nuclear fission reactions,
>> |> and all of them indicate that Uranium 235 is the best usable material.

I interpreted this as referring to the use of U-235 as a fission 
explosive in my e-mail reply to him, since that is where the most 
ambiguity lies.  For reactor fuel, the fact that you can use a 
natural material (rather than a bred one) essentially without 
enrichment makes U the material of choice initially -- but you can 
use it to breed others (U-233, Pu-239) and switch over to those. 

Breeding makes it possible to reuse the "waste" as fuel, since the 
neutrons can be used to breed fissionable material from the more 
abundant isotopes.  

>scott@farout.Convergent.Com (Scott Lurndal) wrote:
>
>> The only difference between the isotopes U238 and U235 is the 
>> number of neutrons - U235 is short three compared to U238 - this makes U235
>> much more likely to capture a neutron and thus continue the fission process.

U-238 captures the neutron, making a U-239, which beta decays. 

U-235 only sort-of captures the neutron, since the resonance that makes 
for the huge slow-neutron fission cross section leads promptly to fission 
on strong-interaction time scales. 

The difference can be explained by simple models based on the charged 
liquid drop including Pauli blocking effects -- which is what Bohr 
guessed and later proved in a paper with Wheeler. 

The reference to Krane's book is as good as any on this, just don't 
read what he says in is preface about the nature of nuclear physics. 
He is pretty dated on the ability to derive the simple models from 
a common starting point.  

In article <3o9snr$cvt@news.htp.com> 
Tim Mirabile <tim@mail.htp.com> writes:
>
>I think he means U235 vs Pu239.
>
>I'm curious to know the answer to that one too.

U-235 has the advantage as a fission explosive in that it is very 
easily made into a bomb -- low spontaneous fission rate, so no problem 
with pre-detonation.  That is why the U-235 bomb did not need to be 
tested.  They knew how to do it in the summer of 1942.  (Read the  
Los Alamos Primer, for example, or Rhodes' book.)  However, it is 
very hard to purify U-235 to the degree needed to make a weapon. 
Thus I would say U-235 is the most easily used material, but far 
from convenient to mass produce. 

Pu-239 has the disadvantage that its s.f. rate is too high, and the 
more technically sophisticated implosion method had to be used to 
assemble it quickly enough.  This is difficult enough to require 
a test to prove the design works.  However, Pu-239 is very easily 
bred in a reactor and then separated chemically, so it is possible 
to mass produce it in weapon's grade quality.  This more than makes 
up for the other difficulties in practical applications. 

-- 
 James A. Carr   <carr@scri.fsu.edu>    |  "My pet light bulb is a year old  
    http://www.scri.fsu.edu/~jac        |  today.  That is 5.9 trillion miles 
 Supercomputer Computations Res. Inst.  |  in light years.  Your mileage may 
 Florida State, Tallahassee FL 32306    |  vary."   -- Heywood Banks 
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1995.05.08 /  Tstolper@aol.c /  Jim Carr's Information re Naming of Sci.Physics.Fusion
     
Originally-From: Tstolper@aol.com
Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Jim Carr's Information re Naming of Sci.Physics.Fusion
Date: Mon, 8 May 1995 01:42:39 GMT
Organization: Sci.physics.fusion/Mail Gateway



Jim,

Thanks for the information in your posting dated May 5, 1995, relayed in
Scott Hazen Mueller's Fusion Digest No. 3666.  

Yes, my questions were answered earlier, but with fewer details and less
context than you provided.  I didn't know that there was neither a hot fusion
group nor an electrochemistry group at the time; and I had forgotten how
universal the focus on fusion was in 1989.  I also didn't know that when the
electrochemistry group finally was organized, it specifically excluded
electrochemically induced fusion from its charter.

Tom Stolper

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