------------------------ BurmaNet ------------------------
"Appropriate Information Technologies, Practical Strategies"
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The BurmaNet News: January 7, 1996
Issue #316: SPECIAL ISSUE - KHUN SA'S "DEAL"

HEADLINES:
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NATION: KHUN SA - SLORC 'DEAL' WORRIES THAI MILITARY
BKK POST: SECURITY TIGHTENED AT THAI BORDER WITH BURMA
S.H.A.N : SLORC TAKES DOI LANG
S.H.A.N : THE MONG TAI ARMY STRIKES A DEAL WITH SLORC
S.H.A.N. : MTA TO SURRENDER TOMORROW
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NATION: KHUN SA - SLORC 'DEAL' WORRIES THAI MILITARY
'AMNESTY' GIVES RANGOON ACCESS TO DISPUTED AREA
January 4, 1996    by Yindee Lertcharoenchok

CHIANG MAI - Opium warlord Khun Sa is believed to have
struck an "amnesty" deal with the Burmese junta, giving it
access to the Thai border area under his control in the Shan
State and creating a new and sensitive security situation on
both side of the frontier.

The Army has responded to the new Burmese presence by
boosting the military's strength in the area, including
bringing in additional artillery, and officials have
expressed "extreme concern" at the development.

Under the agreement, Khun Sa's estimated 6-8000 well-armed
troops known as the Mong Tai Army (MTA) would gradually be
transformed into local militia forces, said well-informed
Thai government and army officials.

Khun Sa, who is wanted by both the Thai and US governments
on several heroin trafficking charges, has stunned the
international community with his secret deal with the State
Law and Order Restoration Council (Slorc).

Although Khun Sa is believed to have asked for a Slorc
amnesty in return for his quite withdrawal from the
guerrilla movement, which he claimed was fighting for the
independence of the Shan State, Thai intelligence officials
suspect other hidden motives and agreements played a crucial
role behind his move.

As part of the deal, the MTA had withdrawn from the
strategic outpost on Doilang and allowed Burmese forces to
take control of the hill, which has been claimed by both
Thailand and Burma.

Doilang, which is located in Thailand's Mae Aie district of
Chiang Mai, forms part of a mountain chain that serves as
the natural boundary between the Kingdom and Burma.

Thai officials from several government and military agencies
said yesterday that the Burmese Army had recently sent about
1,500 troops to Doilang area, of which 300 had been
stationing on the hill top since Dec 29, after the MTA
withdrawal.

The Burmese military deployment has prompted the Thai Army
to send fresh reinforcements, including heavy artillery, to
Doilang area where forces from both countries are tensely
confronting one another.

Thai officials said they were "extremely concerned" about
the Doilang confrontation and the overall changing security
environment and situation along the MTA-controlled frontier
- from Chiang Rai's Mae Sai district down to Mae Hong Son
province - which will now come under direct the supervision
of Slorc.

A senior Thai Army officer in Bangkok yesterday expressed
the Army's "extreme concern" about the situation at Doilang,
where both countries have been using different maps to claim
their sovereign rights.

He said Deputy Army Chief Gen Chettha Thanajaro was worried
that the confrontation could lead to military clashes and on
Tuesday made a long distance telephone call to Slorc leader
Lt Gen Khin Nyunt in which he suggested the two countries
show restraint and avoid any military action.

"The Burmese said agreed (with Chettha's suggestion). They
have assured us that the objective of the Burmese Army's
presence in Doilang area is not to engage Thai troops. They
are also concerned that their local officers might take some
unilateral action," said the officer who asked not to be named.

"Once a bullet is fired it would be difficult to stop. So we
(Thailand) have urged that both sides show restraint and not
let any firing takes place," he added.

Chettha had already instructed the 3rd Army Region Commander
Lt Gen Thanom Watcharaphut to avoid any military action, and
Slorc leaders in Rangoon had also passed similar
instructions to their Eastern Commander, Maj Gen Tin Tut,
said the officer, who declined to disclose the number of
Thai troops sent to Doilang area.

He said the Supreme Command was in the process of asking the
Foreign Ministry to raise the demarcation of the disputed
Doilang area with Burma. The officer said he suspected the
MTA withdrawal could be a ploy by Khun Sa to let Thai and
Burmese forces clash over the territory.

Other officials said the Burmese deployment in the area was
a violation of Thai territory and that Thailand wanted to
see both sides withdraw their troops from the area.

While the Burmese deployment in Doilang started on Dec 29,
the officials said Khun Sa and Slorc officially struck the
deal on Jan 2 without any written agreement.

They said the MTA headquarters at Homong, which is opposite
Mae Hong Son's Muang district, remained under MTA control
and Khun Sa was still there. Telephone communications with
Homong from Thailand were still in operation as of yesterday
but MTA officials would not take calls and no confirmation
was possible of Khun Sa's whereabouts.

An MTA official in Chiang Mai declined yesterday to comment
about Khun Sa's secret deal with Slorc, saying that the
information was still sketchy and that he only learned about
the agreement from the media.

Khun Sa, who has been wanted by Thai police over a decade
and has a Bt1 million reward on his head, recently told a
public gathering that he would surprise all those who wanted
to arrest him on drug charges.

The All Burma Students' Democratic Front said yesterday Khun
Sa decided to ally himself with Slorc to form "regional
defence troops" after 88 per cent of the MTA voted for the move.

The vote was taken on Dec 22, and the MTA signed a ceasefire
agreement with the junta on Dec 29, the ABSDF press release stated. (TN)

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BKK POST: SECURITY TIGHTENED AT THAI BORDER WITH BURMA
January 4, 1995

THAI forces have been beefed up along the northern border with
Burma in response to security concerns sparked by reports the
Mong Tai Army led by opium warlord Khun Sa has surrendered to
Rangoon.

Military forces and police have been brought in to maintain
the integrity of the ill-defined border between the two
countries after Burmese troops reportedly moved into the MTA's
headquarters and other strongholds.

The Thai Army has been in direct contact with top Burmese
leaders, including Slorc's first secretary Khin Nyunt, since
Tuesday to inform the Burmese of the Thai soldiers' presence
at the border.

The move was aimed at preempting any possible armed clashes
between Burmese soldiers who have taken over positions once
controlled by the MTA and Thai forces which have been deployed
along the border.

Signs of troubles began on Monday after Burmese soldiers who
moved into the MTA's position at Doi Lang opposite Mae Ai
District, Chiang Mai, tried to lay claim to the hill.

Both Thailand and Burma which hold different border maps, have
claimed the strategic hill is in their territory but the
presence of the MTA force had hampered any serious contest of
its ownership.

Supreme Commander Gen Viroj Saengsnit told reporters Rangoon
has been informed to instruct its border troops to avoid using
force if they come across Thai soldiers and to settle any
conflict by taking while the question over the border line is
waiting to be resolved.

Reliable Army sources said Army Deputy Commander Chettha
Thanajaro has been assigned by Army Chief Pramon Palasin to
liaise with the Burmese leadership over problems that might
arise at this border front.

The source said the MTA had served as a buffer between the
Thai and Burmese soldiers. With the MTA's surrender, Thai and
Burmese soldiers are now facing each other and the ill-defined
border could lead to clashes without any high-level moves to
pre-empt them.

A military source said soldiers of the Naresuan Force's 7th
Infantry Division and Mae Sariang-based 36th Rangers Battalion
have been positioned along the border in Muang District of Mae
Hong Son.

Thai reconnaissance aircraft flew along the border to keep the
situation under watch, he said.

The Border Patrol Police's 336th Unit, local administration
officials and provincial police were prepared to cope with a
possible influx of the Shan civilians from Ho Mong through
various border crossings. Ho Mong was the MTA headquarters on
the edge of Burma's eastern Shan State, about 30 km from the
Thai border.

The authorities have also taken stricter measures to check
travel documents of people including Thai and foreign
reporters wishing to cross the border to cover news on Khun
Sa's surrender.

In the latest development, Maj Kyaw Tun, an MTA officer who
fled from Ho Mong headquarters to Mae Hong Son said over 2,000
Rangoon troops gathered at Ho Mong yesterday morning to attend
a ceremony in which the MTA handed over weapons and officially
surrendered to the Burmese troops.

He said Rangoon soldiers had taken control of all military
locations of Khun Sa.

Kyaw Tun said Khun Sa sent representatives to negotiate with
the Slorc under the pretext of seeking a truce to develop
areas occupied by ethnic minority groups along the Thai-
Burmese border.

He added: "in fact, Khun Sa sent his men to secretly talk with
the Burmese government to surrender the MTA to be under the
Burmese army.

"At present some groups of soldiers of Shan origin are not
satisfied with Khun Sa. They regard Khun Sa as having betrayed
the Shan people."

Kyaw Tun said Khun Sa, after reaching a secret deal with the
Slorc, sent his aides to tell military leaders at various
bases that he would hold official peace talks with the Burmese
soldiers on January 3. He also asked them to allow Burmese
soldiers to march to Ho Mong.

Kyaw Tun said a number of MTA military leaders, dissatisfied
with Khun Sa, had led their soldiers and civilians to cross
the border to Thailand.

The handover of arms followed recent reports Khun Sa had
secretly shown an interest in surrendering his territory and
troops to the Slorc to end his four-decade long battle with
the military junta.

The report of a ceasefire agreement between the MTA and
Rangoon has surprised the world community, particularly
America.

Khun Sa, alias Chang Si Fu, has been indicted in the United
States on drug trafficking charges. The majority of heroin
distributed throughout the world is alleged to originate in
areas under MTA control.

The MTA under Khun Sa was considered the strongest of the
groups fighting for an independence Shan State.

Another MTA source said that on November 9 last year, 61-year
old Khun Sa sent a five member delegation to visit Rangoon. It
was led by Zao Khun Saeng, minister of economic affairs, and
Zao Khwan Muang, minister in charge of politics.

The source said the ceasefire negotiations had been mediated
by the Shan National League for Democracy (SNLD) and Khun Sa's
secretary, Zao Laotai.

Under the ceasefire agreement, the MTA must hand over some
weapons to Rangoon to show its sincerity, the source said.

The MTA, in turn, set a condition that soldiers under the
control of Khun Sa must be accepted as military volunteers in
the Rangoon army.

On December 20, the SNLD sent a representative to meet Khun Sa
at the MTA's Ho Mong stronghold to confirm the MTA's defection
to Burma.

The source said the drugs warlord had made his stance clear in
surrendering to the Slorc.

On December 22, Khun Sa called a meeting with Shan State's
panels of various affairs and his MTA soldiers to sound out
their views on defection to the Burmese government.

More than 80 percent of MTA troops voted for the move,
according to the source.

Most opponents claimed they had joined the MTA for years in
fighting for independence of the Shan State.

Showing their dissatisfaction with Khun Sa's idea, some MTA
personnel had decided to defect to the Shan State National
Army (SSNA) under the leadership of Maj Gunyod. Some had left
the MTA umbrella to make their own living.

The source said the MTA has continuously created close ties
with the Slorc. He said Khun Sa's coordinator, Zao Suwan, met
a senior Burmese official at Tha Sob Teng near Salween River
on December 28.

To show the MTA's sincerity towards Burma, Zao Suwan openly
invited Rangoon soldiers to visit the MTA stronghold at Ho
Mong. (BP)

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S.H.A.N : SLORC TAKES DOI LANG
January 1 , 1996
 (Report from Shan Herald Agency News, mouthpiece of the Mong Tai Army)

It was Aesop's famous fable all over again. Two seals catch a fish and dispute
with each other about the choice of its best part. The wily fox intervenes,
presides over the case, gives the head to one seal and tail part to the other,
while he takes the fleshy middle part for himself.

The Mong Tai Army and the United Wa State Army (aka the Communist Party of Burma
until 1989 ) had battled over the possession of Doi Lang with its fetile Yawn
River Valley for more than 13 years. Peace talks were arranged but never quite
succeeded in bringing results. Thousands of precious young lives on both sides
had been sacrificed for this valley.

Then on the night of December 30, 1,500 burmese troops moved into the area,
presumably with the tacit agreement of the besieged MTA. They not only fought
with the Was who were resuming their attacks against the MTA but also got behind
the Thai paramilitary bases which were set up along the  " new borderline " with
Burma's Shan State in 1991. The Burmese military's latest move in effect
questions the Thais' claim on the disputed area.

On the MTA's part, with their own dispute with the Was being settled by Burmese
intervention,further questions as to their claim to the larger territory - the
Shan State itself - have inevitably been raised. People are beginning to ask
whether they are still fighting for it.

The Central Executive Committee of the MTA admits that the MTA, weakened by the
june mutiny, is now forced to start from square one again. However, Khwanmong,
Secretary- 1, says without elaboration, that the MTA shall continue to work in
the best interests of the Shan State.

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S.H.A.N : THE MONG TAI ARMY STRIKES A DEAL WITH SLORC
January 3 , 1996

After several behind- the-scenes talks with SLORC, the strongest opposition army
of the Shans has reportedly agreed to give up its 38-year-long armed struggle
against the successive Burmese governments that have been in power since
annexing the once self-ruled Shan State in 1952, according to reports received
by S.H.A.N. during the past few weeks.

Soon after the Central Executive Committee of the Shan State Restoration Council
proposed dialogue on 12 September, negotiations were secretly conducted between
the two once sworn enemies. " It may probably work out in favour for both
parties : one, the SLORC, is badly in need of a better image in order to please
the world, especially the US and also to concentrate all its available resources
on their remaining opponent - Aung San Suu Kyi ; the other one, the  MTA with
special emphasis on Khun Sa, totally suffocated by its negative media image, is
desperate for a breathing space and fresh air, " as one inside source put it.

Though the details have yet to be worked out between them, the main agreement
seems to be that the MTA shall henceforth be a " surrender group " in contrast
to the " ceasefire groups " which have so far come to terms with SLORC.

In accordance with the preliminary agreements, the SLORC demanded confirmation
from the CEC and Khun Sa at a face-to-face meeting. Understandably, since Khun
Sa could not travel outside the Free Territory, the Burmese were instead invited
to the MTA's stronghold in  Ho Mong . The  Burmese then decided they wanted a
hostage to ensure the safety of their delegation. In response to this, Zao Khun
seng, Khun Sa's uncle, was sent to the Burmese capital on December 18, which
paved the way for Rangoon's visit to Ho Mong on December 30.

The " 9-man delegation " to Ho Mong was headed by Lt.- Col. San Pwint of the
SLORC's powerful Military Intelligence. It later turned out that his was only a
vanguard team coming to make arrangements for the main delegation that arrived
in Ho Mong on January 2 . S.H.A.N. however is still unable to find out who has
been included in this 17-man delegation.

As for reports about the rebel capital being occupied by the Burmese troops, the
MTA has flatly denied this. " These troops have come only to guard their
superiors. Everything will be discussed and agreed between the two sides before
anything is imposed on the local populace.They shall be able to continue their
lives in the area the way they have done during the past ten years since the MTA
took it from the Kuomintang in 1985. What we are going to do is not to put a
stop to what is being done here, but only to facilitate everything."

So what about Khun Sa's declaration of Independence in 1993? Has it gone down
the drain ? " I don't think anything I say right now will convince people
anyway. So why don't we wait until our nerves have settled back to normal, "
said the CEC member.

S.H.A.N. asked Khuensai Jaiyen, former MTA spokesman, for his opinion : " All I
can say now is that I regret what has happened but I sympathize with those
responsible. I believe they have done what they regard is the best thing they
could do for the people at present. But I don't think it was the right thing to
do. Let's hope I'm wrong, because I'm out of the movement now. " He says he will
devote his time to the Kornzurng Memorial Society, which he co-founded in early
December.

**********************************************

S.H.A.N. : MTA TO SURRENDER TOMORROW
January 6, 1996

The expected but unwelcome (to most ) ceremony for the Mong Tai Army's surrender
is due to take place  tomorrow, says an anonymous source in Ho Mong.

MTA soldiers are busy making preparations for the handover of arms to SLORC at
the town's soccer field, which also serves as a place for holding special
festivities . The Burmese soldiers who have taken their position on the hilltop
nearby meanwhile are reported to be behaving themselves reasonably well.

" They leave their weapons behind when they go to the market place. It's just as
well. Because they ought to know they are in a hostile environment with many
among the population who are likely still armed with weapons and liable to
pounce on them any time they make one false move, " says the source.

Across the border, Some Thai authorities think all this is going to turn out
well for all. " If it does, the Burmese shall reopen the Salween crossings.
which will in turn enable us to ease up the border controls. Cross border trade
shall resume and Maehongson will be a boom town again. I don't consider either
side (i.e. Burmese or Shan) is losing. Indeed, I'd say both are winners
considering the enomous benefits the  " Surrender " shall bring to them, " says
one.

" It's easy to see why SLORC has so readily accepted MTA's surrender proposal.
Firstly, it is being offered pie on a platter without having to toil. Secondly,
despite official US disappointment over Burmese refusal to arrest and extradite
Khun Sa to the US, the overall relations between Rangoon and Washington are more
than likely to improve. The SLORC's lobbyists in Washington and New York will
see to that. Thirdly, the SLORC shall inevitably use this diplomatic gain to
neutralize the opposition headed by Aung San Suu Kyi. I wouldn't be surprised if
she and her party found themselves losing their stature both nationally and
internationally, " he said.

**************************************************
