    /**
     * Color definition.
     * @module 3dfx */

    /**
    * set a bit.
    *
    * @param {number} i bit to set.
    * @returns {number} number with given bit set.
    */
    function FXBIT(i) { return (1 << (i)) };

    /**
     * Parameters for vertex definition.
     * @property {number} XY
     * @property {number} ZW
     * @property {number} Q
     * @property {number} EXT
     * @property {number} A
     * @property {number} RGB
     * @property {number} PARG
     * @property {number} ST0
     * @property {number} ST1
     * @property {number} ST2
     * @property {number} Q0
     * @property {number} Q1
     * @property {number} Q2
     */
    GR_PARAM = {
    	XY: 0x01,
    	Z: 0x02,
    	W: 0x03,
    	Q: 0x04,
    	EXT: 0x05,
    	A: 0x10,
    	RGB: 0x20,
    	PARGB: 0x30,
    	ST0: 0x40,
    	ST1: (0x40 + 1),
    	ST2: (0x40 + 2),
    	Q0: 0x50,
    	Q1: (0x50 + 1),
    	Q2: (0x50 + 2)
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrCullMode_t;
     *
     * @property {number} DISABLE
     * @property {number} NEGATIVE
     * @property {number} POSITIVE
     */
    GR_CULL = {
    	DISABLE: 0x0,
    	NEGATIVE: 0x1,
    	POSITIVE: 0x2
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrCombineFunction_t;
     * @property {number} ZERO
     * @property {number} NONE
     * @property {number} LOCAL
     * @property {number} LOCAL_ALPHA
     * @property {number} SCALE_OTHER
     * @property {number} BLEND_OTHER
     * @property {number} SCALE_OTHER_ADD_LOCAL
     * @property {number} SCALE_OTHER_ADD_LOCAL_ALPHA
     * @property {number} SCALE_OTHER_MINUS_LOCAL
     * @property {number} SCALE_OTHER_MINUS_LOCAL_ADD_LOCAL
     * @property {number} BLEND
     * @property {number} SCALE_OTHER_MINUS_LOCAL_ADD_LOCAL_ALPHA
     * @property {number} SCALE_MINUS_LOCAL_ADD_LOCAL
     * @property {number} BLEND_LOCAL
     * @property {number} SCALE_MINUS_LOCAL_ADD_LOCAL_ALPHA
     */
    GR_COMBINE_FUNCTION = {
    	ZERO: 0x0,
    	NONE: 0x0,
    	LOCAL: 0x1,
    	LOCAL_ALPHA: 0x2,
    	SCALE_OTHER: 0x3,
    	BLEND_OTHER: 0x3,
    	SCALE_OTHER_ADD_LOCAL: 0x4,
    	SCALE_OTHER_ADD_LOCAL_ALPHA: 0x5,
    	SCALE_OTHER_MINUS_LOCAL: 0x6,
    	SCALE_OTHER_MINUS_LOCAL_ADD_LOCAL: 0x7,
    	BLEND: 0x7,
    	SCALE_OTHER_MINUS_LOCAL_ADD_LOCAL_ALPHA: 0x8,
    	SCALE_MINUS_LOCAL_ADD_LOCAL: 0x9,
    	BLEND_LOCAL: 0x9,
    	SCALE_MINUS_LOCAL_ADD_LOCAL_ALPHA: 0x10
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrCombineFactor_t;
     * @property {number} ZERO
     * @property {number} NONE
     * @property {number} LOCAL
     * @property {number} OTHER_ALPHA
     * @property {number} LOCAL_ALPHA
     * @property {number} TEXTURE_ALPHA
     * @property {number} TEXTURE_RGB
     * @property {number} DETAIL_FACTOR
     * @property {number} LOD_FRACTION
     * @property {number} ONE
     * @property {number} ONE_MINUS_LOCAL
     * @property {number} ONE_MINUS_OTHER_ALPHA
     * @property {number} ONE_MINUS_LOCAL_ALPHA
     * @property {number} ONE_MINUS_TEXTURE_ALPHA
     * @property {number} ONE_MINUS_DETAIL_FACTOR
     * @property {number} ONE_MINUS_LOD_FRACTION
     */
    GR_COMBINE_FACTOR = {
    	ZERO: 0x0,
    	NONE: 0x0,
    	LOCAL: 0x1,
    	OTHER_ALPHA: 0x2,
    	LOCAL_ALPHA: 0x3,
    	TEXTURE_ALPHA: 0x4,
    	TEXTURE_RGB: 0x5,
    	DETAIL_FACTOR: 0x4,
    	LOD_FRACTION: 0x5,
    	ONE: 0x8,
    	ONE_MINUS_LOCAL: 0x9,
    	ONE_MINUS_OTHER_ALPHA: 0xa,
    	ONE_MINUS_LOCAL_ALPHA: 0xb,
    	ONE_MINUS_TEXTURE_ALPHA: 0xc,
    	ONE_MINUS_DETAIL_FACTOR: 0xc,
    	ONE_MINUS_LOD_FRACTION: 0xd
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrCombineLocal_t;
     * @property {number} ITERATED
     * @property {number} CONSTANT
     * @property {number} NONE
     * @property {number} DEPTH
     */
    GR_COMBINE_LOCAL = {
    	ITERATED: 0x0,
    	CONSTANT: 0x1,
    	NONE: 0x1,
    	DEPTH: 0x2
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrCombineOther_t;
     * @property {number} ITERATED
     * @property {number} TEXTURE
     * @property {number} CONSTANT
     * @property {number} NONE
     */
    GR_COMBINE_OTHER = {
    	ITERATED: 0x0,
    	TEXTURE: 0x1,
    	CONSTANT: 0x2,
    	NONE: 0x2
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrAlphaBlendFnc_t;
     * @property {number} ZERO
     * @property {number} SRC_ALPHA
     * @property {number} SRC_COLOR
     * @property {number} DST_COLOR
     * @property {number} DST_ALPHA
     * @property {number} ONE
     * @property {number} ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA
     * @property {number} ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR
     * @property {number} ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR
     * @property {number} ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA
     * @property {number} RESERVED_8
     * @property {number} RESERVED_9
     * @property {number} RESERVED_A
     * @property {number} RESERVED_B
     * @property {number} RESERVED_C
     * @property {number} RESERVED_D
     * @property {number} RESERVED_E
     * @property {number} ALPHA_SATURATE
     * @property {number} PREFOG_COLOR
     */
    GR_BLEND = {
    	ZERO: 0x0,
    	SRC_ALPHA: 0x1,
    	SRC_COLOR: 0x2,
    	DST_COLOR: 0x2,
    	DST_ALPHA: 0x3,
    	ONE: 0x4,
    	ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA: 0x5,
    	ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR: 0x6,
    	ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR: 0x6,
    	ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA: 0x7,
    	RESERVED_8: 0x8,
    	RESERVED_9: 0x9,
    	RESERVED_A: 0xa,
    	RESERVED_B: 0xb,
    	RESERVED_C: 0xc,
    	RESERVED_D: 0xd,
    	RESERVED_E: 0xe,
    	ALPHA_SATURATE: 0xf,
    	PREFOG_COLOR: 0xf
    };

    /**
     * grDrawVertexArray/grDrawVertexArrayContiguous primitive type
     * @property {number} POINTS
     * @property {number} LINE_STRIP
     * @property {number} LINES
     * @property {number} POLYGON
     * @property {number} TRIANGLE_STRIP
     * @property {number} TRIANGLE_FAN
     * @property {number} TRIANGLES
     * @property {number} TRIANGLE_STRIP_CONTINUE
     * @property {number} TRIANGLE_FAN_CONTINUE
     */
    GR_VERTEX = {
    	POINTS: 0,
    	LINE_STRIP: 1,
    	LINES: 2,
    	POLYGON: 3,
    	TRIANGLE_STRIP: 4,
    	TRIANGLE_FAN: 5,
    	TRIANGLES: 6,
    	TRIANGLE_STRIP_CONTINUE: 7,
    	TRIANGLE_FAN_CONTINUE: 8
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxU32 GrEnableMode_t;
     * @property {number} AA_ORDERED
     * @property {number} ALLOW_MIPMAP_DITHER
     * @property {number} PASSTHRU
     * @property {number} SHAMELESS_PLUG
     * @property {number} VIDEO_SMOOTHING
     */
    GR_ENABLE = {
    	AA_ORDERED: 0x01,
    	ALLOW_MIPMAP_DITHER: 0x02,
    	PASSTHRU: 0x03,
    	SHAMELESS_PLUG: 0x04,
    	VIDEO_SMOOTHING: 0x05
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrDitherMode_t;
     * @property {number} DISABLE
     * @property {number} D2x2
     * @property {number} D4x4
     */
    GR_DITHER = {
    	DISABLE: 0x0,
    	D2x2: 0x1,
    	D4x4: 0x2
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrDepthBufferMode_t;
     * @property {number} DISABLE
     * @property {number} ZBUFFER
     * @property {number} WBUFFER
     * @property {number} ZBUFFER_COMPARE_TO_BIAS
     * @property {number} WBUFFER_COMPARE_TO_BIAS
     */
    GR_DEPTHBUFFER = {
    	DISABLE: 0x0,
    	ZBUFFER: 0x1,
    	WBUFFER: 0x2,
    	ZBUFFER_COMPARE_TO_BIAS: 0x3,
    	WBUFFER_COMPARE_TO_BIAS: 0x4
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrCmpFnc_t;
     * @property {number} NEVER
     * @property {number} LESS
     * @property {number} EQUAL
     * @property {number} LEQUAL
     * @property {number} GREATER
     * @property {number} NOTEQUAL
     * @property {number} GEQUAL
     * @property {number} ALWAYS
     */
    GR_CMP = {
    	NEVER: 0x0,
    	LESS: 0x1,
    	EQUAL: 0x2,
    	LEQUAL: 0x3,
    	GREATER: 0x4,
    	NOTEQUAL: 0x5,
    	GEQUAL: 0x6,
    	ALWAYS: 0x7
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrFogMode_t;
     * @property {number} DISABLE
     * @property {number} WITH_TABLE_ON_FOGCOORD_EXT
     * @property {number} WITH_TABLE_ON_Q
     * @property {number} WITH_TABLE_ON_W
     * @property {number} WITH_ITERATED_Z
     * @property {number} MULT2
     * @property {number} ADD2
     */
    GR_FOG = {
    	DISABLE: 0x0,
    	WITH_TABLE_ON_FOGCOORD_EXT: 0x1,
    	WITH_TABLE_ON_Q: 0x2,
    	WITH_TABLE_ON_W: 0x2,
    	WITH_ITERATED_Z: 0x3,
    	MULT2: 0x100,
    	ADD2: 0x200
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrChipID_t;
     * @property {number} TMU0
     * @property {number} TMU1
     * @property {number} TMU2
     */
    GR_TMU = {
    	TMU0: 0x0,
    	TMU1: 0x1,
    	TMU2: 0x2
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrTextureFilterMode_t;
     * @property {number} POINT_SAMPLED
     * @property {number} BILINEAR
     */
    GR_TEXTUREFILTER = {
    	POINT_SAMPLED: 0x0,
    	BILINEAR: 0x1
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrTextureClampMode_t;
     * @property {number} WRAP
     * @property {number} CLAMP
     * @property {number} MIRROR_EXT
     */
    GR_TEXTURECLAMP = {
    	WRAP: 0x0,
    	CLAMP: 0x1,
    	MIRROR_EXT: 0x2
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrMipMapMode_t;
     * @property {number} DISABLE
     * @property {number} NEAREST
     * @property {number} NEAREST_DITHER
     */
    GR_MIPMAP = {
    	DISABLE: 0x0, /* no mip mapping  */
    	NEAREST: 0x1, /* use nearest mipmap */
    	NEAREST_DITHER: 0x2 /* GR_MIPMAP_NEAREST + LOD dith */
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrOriginLocation_t;
     * @property {number} UPPER_LEFT
     * @property {number} LOWER_LEFT
     * @property {number} ANY
     */
    GR_ORIGIN = {
    	UPPER_LEFT: 0x0,
    	LOWER_LEFT: 0x1,
    	ANY: 0xFF
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrAspectRatio_t;
     * @property {number} LOG2_8x1
     * @property {number} LOG2_4x1
     * @property {number} LOG2_2x1
     * @property {number} LOG2_1x1
     * @property {number} LOG2_1x2
     * @property {number} LOG2_1x4
     * @property {number} LOG2_1x8
     */
    GR_ASPECT = {
    	LOG2_8x1: 3,    /* 8W x 1H */
    	LOG2_4x1: 2,    /* 4W x 1H */
    	LOG2_2x1: 1,    /* 2W x 1H */
    	LOG2_1x1: 0,    /* 1W x 1H */
    	LOG2_1x2: - 1,  /* 1W x 2H */
    	LOG2_1x4: - 2,	/* 1W x 4H */
    	LOG2_1x8: - 3   /* 1W x 8H */
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrLOD_t;
     * @property {number} LOG2_256
     * @property {number} LOG2_128
     * @property {number} LOG2_64
     * @property {number} LOG2_32
     * @property {number} LOG2_16
     * @property {number} LOG2_8
     * @property {number} LOG2_4
     * @property {number} LOG2_2
     * @property {number} LOG2_1
     */
    GR_LOD = {
    	LOG2_256: 0x8,
    	LOG2_128: 0x7,
    	LOG2_64: 0x6,
    	LOG2_32: 0x5,
    	LOG2_16: 0x4,
    	LOG2_8: 0x3,
    	LOG2_4: 0x2,
    	LOG2_2: 0x1,
    	LOG2_1: 0x0,
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrTextureFormat_t;
     * @property {number} BIT8
     * @property {number} RGB_332
     * @property {number} YIQ_422
     * @property {number} ALPHA_8
     * @property {number} INTENSITY_8
     * @property {number} ALPHA_INTENSITY_44
     * @property {number} P_8
     * @property {number} RSVD0
     * @property {number} P_8_6666
     * @property {number} P_8_6666_EXT
     * @property {number} RSVD1
     * @property {number} BIT16
     * @property {number} ARGB_8332
     * @property {number} AYIQ_8422
     * @property {number} RGB_565
     * @property {number} ARGB_1555
     * @property {number} ARGB_4444
     * @property {number} ALPHA_INTENSITY_88
     * @property {number} AP_88
     * @property {number} RSVD2
     * @property {number} RSVD4
     */
    GR_TEXFMT = {
    	BIT8: 0x0,
    	RGB_332: 0x0,
    	YIQ_422: 0x1,
    	ALPHA_8: 0x2, /* (0..0xFF) alpha     */
    	INTENSITY_8: 0x3, /* (0..0xFF) intensity */
    	ALPHA_INTENSITY_44: 0x4,
    	P_8: 0x5, /* 8-bit palette */
    	RSVD0: 0x6, /* GR_TEXFMT_P_8_RGBA */
    	P_8_6666: 0x6,
    	P_8_6666_EXT: 0x6,
    	RSVD1: 0x7,
    	BIT16: 0x8,
    	ARGB_8332: 0x8,
    	AYIQ_8422: 0x9,
    	RGB_565: 0xa,
    	ARGB_1555: 0xb,
    	ARGB_4444: 0xc,
    	ALPHA_INTENSITY_88: 0xd,
    	AP_88: 0xe, /* 8-bit alpha 8-bit palette */
    	RSVD2: 0xf,
    	RSVD4: 0xf
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxU32 GrTexTable_t;
     * @property {number} NCC0
     * @property {number} NCC1
     * @property {number} PALETTE
     * @property {number} PALETTE_6666_EXT
     */
    GR_TEXTABLE = {
    	NCC0: 0x0,
    	NCC1: 0x1,
    	PALETTE: 0x2,
    	PALETTE_6666_EXT: 0x3
    };

    /**
     * GR_MIPMAPLEVELMASK
     * @property {number} EVEN
     * @property {number} ODD
     * @property {number} BOTH
     */
    GR_MIPMAPLEVELMASK = {
    	EVEN: FXBIT(0),
    	ODD: FXBIT(1),
    	BOTH: (FXBIT(0) | FXBIT(1))
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrBuffer_t;
     * @property {number} FRONTBUFFER
     * @property {number} BACKBUFFER
     * @property {number} AUXBUFFER
     * @property {number} DEPTHBUFFER
     * @property {number} ALPHABUFFER
     * @property {number} TRIPLEBUFFER
     */
    GR_BUFFER = {
    	FRONTBUFFER: 0x0,
    	BACKBUFFER: 0x1,
    	AUXBUFFER: 0x2,
    	DEPTHBUFFER: 0x3,
    	ALPHABUFFER: 0x4,
    	TRIPLEBUFFER: 0x5
    };

    /**
     * typedef FxI32 GrColorCombineFnc_t;
     * @property {number} ZERO
     * @property {number} CCRGB
     * @property {number} ITRGB
     * @property {number} ITRGB_DELTA0
     * @property {number} DECAL_TEXTURE
     * @property {number} TEXTURE_TIMES_CCRGB
     * @property {number} TEXTURE_TIMES_ITRGB
     * @property {number} TEXTURE_TIMES_ITRGB_DELTA0
     * @property {number} TEXTURE_TIMES_ITRGB_ADD_ALPHA
     * @property {number} TEXTURE_TIMES_ALPHA
     * @property {number} TEXTURE_TIMES_ALPHA_ADD_ITRGB
     * @property {number} TEXTURE_ADD_ITRGB
     * @property {number} TEXTURE_SUB_ITRGB
     * @property {number} CCRGB_BLEND_ITRGB_ON_TEXALPHA
     * @property {number} DIFF_SPEC_A
     * @property {number} DIFF_SPEC_B
     * @property {number} ONE
     */
    GR_COLORCOMBINE = {
    	ZERO: 0x0,
    	CCRGB: 0x1,
    	ITRGB: 0x2,
    	ITRGB_DELTA0: 0x3,
    	DECAL_TEXTURE: 0x4,
    	TEXTURE_TIMES_CCRGB: 0x5,
    	TEXTURE_TIMES_ITRGB: 0x6,
    	TEXTURE_TIMES_ITRGB_DELTA0: 0x7,
    	TEXTURE_TIMES_ITRGB_ADD_ALPHA: 0x8,
    	TEXTURE_TIMES_ALPHA: 0x9,
    	TEXTURE_TIMES_ALPHA_ADD_ITRGB: 0xa,
    	TEXTURE_ADD_ITRGB: 0xb,
    	TEXTURE_SUB_ITRGB: 0xc,
    	CCRGB_BLEND_ITRGB_ON_TEXALPHA: 0xd,
    	DIFF_SPEC_A: 0xe,
    	DIFF_SPEC_B: 0xf,
    	ONE: 0x10
    };

    /** hard edge when assigning texture memory at 2MiB */
    var TEXMEM_2MB_EDGE = 2097152;

    /** TMU memory start address/next address per TMU */
    var nextTexture = [0, 0, 0];
    /** TMU memory end address per TMU */
    var lastTexture = [0, 0, 0];

    /**
     * (re)initialize simple texture memory management for given TMU.
     *
     * @param {GR_TMU} tmu the tmu to initialize.
     */
    function FxTexMemInit(tmu) {
    	nextTexture[tmu] = fxTexMinAddress(tmu);
    	lastTexture[tmu] = fxTexMaxAddress(tmu);

    	Debug("TMU[" + tmu + "] memory 0x" + nextTexture[tmu].toString(16) + "..0x" + lastTexture[tmu].toString(16));
    }

    /**
     * try to find the next available memory for texture.
     *
     * @param {GR_TMU} tmu the TMU where this texture shall be used.
     * @param {TexInfo} info the texture.
     *
     * @returns {number} a start address or null.
     */
    function FxTexMemGetStartAddress(tmu, info) {
    	start = nextTexture[tmu];
    	/* check for 2MB edge and space past it if necessary */
    	if ((start < TEXMEM_2MB_EDGE) && (start + info.textureSize > TEXMEM_2MB_EDGE)) {
    		start = TEXMEM_2MB_EDGE;
    	}
    	nextTexture[tmu] += info.textureSize;
    	if (nextTexture[tmu] <= lastTexture[tmu]) {
    		Debug("TMU[" + tmu + "] found texture memory at 0x" + start.toString(16) + " for texture of size " + info.textureSize + ". Remaining texture memory is " + (lastTexture[tmu] - nextTexture[tmu]) + " bytes.");
    		return start;
    	} else {
    		nextTexture[tmu] = start;
    		Debug("TMU[" + tmu + "] found NO texture memory for texture of size " + info.textureSize);
    		return null;
    	}
    }

    /**
     * create empty vertex.
     * @returns {number[]} an empty vertex.
     */
    function FxEmptyVertex() {
    	var ret = [];
    	var len = fxGetVertexSize();
    	for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    		ret.push(0);
    	}
    	return ret;
    }

    /**
     * split up RGB value and store in vertex.
     *
     * @param {number[]} v the vertex to store in.
     * @param {number} idx start index of RGB values.
     * @param {number} rgb the RGB value.
     */
    function FxRGB2Vertex(v, idx, rgb) {
    	v[idx + 0] = (rgb >> 16) & 0xFF;
    	v[idx + 1] = (rgb >> 8) & 0xFF;
    	v[idx + 2] = rgb & 0xFF;
    }