/*
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Image Power, Inc. and the University of
 *   British Columbia.
 * Copyright (c) 2001-2002 Michael David Adams.
 * All rights reserved.
 */

/* __START_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
 * 
 * JasPer License Version 2.0
 * 
 * Copyright (c) 2001-2006 Michael David Adams
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Image Power, Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 The University of British Columbia
 * 
 * All rights reserved.
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person (the
 * "User") obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
 * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
 * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
 * publish, distribute, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
 * persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
 * following conditions:
 * 
 * 1.  The above copyright notices and this permission notice (which
 * includes the disclaimer below) shall be included in all copies or
 * substantial portions of the Software.
 * 
 * 2.  The name of a copyright holder shall not be used to endorse or
 * promote products derived from the Software without specific prior
 * written permission.
 * 
 * THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS
 * LICENSE.  NO USE OF THE SOFTWARE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER
 * THIS DISCLAIMER.  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
 * "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.  IN NO
 * EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, OR ANY SPECIAL
 * INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING
 * FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 * WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.  NO ASSURANCES ARE
 * PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS THAT THE SOFTWARE DOES NOT INFRINGE
 * THE PATENT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY OTHER ENTITY.
 * EACH COPYRIGHT HOLDER DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY TO THE USER FOR CLAIMS
 * BROUGHT BY ANY OTHER ENTITY BASED ON INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL
 * PROPERTY RIGHTS OR OTHERWISE.  AS A CONDITION TO EXERCISING THE RIGHTS
 * GRANTED HEREUNDER, EACH USER HEREBY ASSUMES SOLE RESPONSIBILITY TO SECURE
 * ANY OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NEEDED, IF ANY.  THE SOFTWARE
 * IS NOT FAULT-TOLERANT AND IS NOT INTENDED FOR USE IN MISSION-CRITICAL
 * SYSTEMS, SUCH AS THOSE USED IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES,
 * AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
 * SYSTEMS, DIRECT LIFE SUPPORT MACHINES, OR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, IN WHICH
 * THE FAILURE OF THE SOFTWARE OR SYSTEM COULD LEAD DIRECTLY TO DEATH,
 * PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ("HIGH
 * RISK ACTIVITIES").  THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.
 * 
 * __END_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
 */

/*
 * Tier 1 Encoder
 *
 * $Id$
 */

/******************************************************************************\
* Includes.
\******************************************************************************/

#include "jpc_t1enc.h"
#include "jpc_t1cod.h"
#include "jpc_enc.h"
#include "jpc_math.h"

#include "jasper/jas_malloc.h"
#include "jasper/jas_math.h"
#include "jasper/jas_debug.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>

/* Encode a single code block. */
static int jpc_enc_enccblk(const jpc_enc_tcmpt_t *comp,
  const jpc_enc_band_t *band, jpc_enc_cblk_t *cblk);

static int jpc_encsigpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, enum jpc_tsfb_orient orient, bool vcausalflag,
  jas_matrix_t *flags, const jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

static int jpc_encrefpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, jas_matrix_t *flags,
  const jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

static int jpc_encclnpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, enum jpc_tsfb_orient orient, bool vcausalflag,
  bool segsym, jas_matrix_t *flags, const jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

static int jpc_encrawsigpass(jpc_bitstream_t *out, int bitpos, bool vcausalflag,
  jas_matrix_t *flags, const jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

static int jpc_encrawrefpass(jpc_bitstream_t *out, int bitpos,
  jas_matrix_t *flags, const jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

/******************************************************************************\
* Code for encoding code blocks.
\******************************************************************************/

/* Encode all of the code blocks associated with the current tile. */
int jpc_enc_enccblks(jpc_enc_t *enc)
{
	jpc_enc_tcmpt_t *tcmpt;
	jpc_enc_tcmpt_t *endcomps;
	jpc_enc_rlvl_t *lvl;
	jpc_enc_rlvl_t *endlvls;
	jpc_enc_band_t *band;
	jpc_enc_band_t *endbands;
	jpc_enc_cblk_t *cblk;
	jpc_enc_cblk_t *endcblks;
	jpc_fix_t mx;
	jpc_fix_t bmx;
	jpc_fix_t v;
	jpc_enc_tile_t *tile;
	uint_fast32_t prcno;
	jpc_enc_prc_t *prc;

	tile = enc->curtile;

	endcomps = &tile->tcmpts[tile->numtcmpts];
	for (tcmpt = tile->tcmpts; tcmpt != endcomps; ++tcmpt) {
		endlvls = &tcmpt->rlvls[tcmpt->numrlvls];
		for (lvl = tcmpt->rlvls; lvl != endlvls; ++lvl) {
			if (!lvl->bands) {
				continue;
			}
			endbands = &lvl->bands[lvl->numbands];
			for (band = lvl->bands; band != endbands; ++band) {
				if (!band->data) {
					continue;
				}
				for (prcno = 0, prc = band->prcs; prcno < lvl->numprcs; ++prcno, ++prc) {
					if (!prc->cblks) {
						continue;
					}
					bmx = 0;
					endcblks = &prc->cblks[prc->numcblks];
					for (cblk = prc->cblks; cblk != endcblks; ++cblk) {
						mx = 0;
						for (jas_matind_t i = 0; i < jas_matrix_numrows(cblk->data); ++i) {
							for (jas_matind_t j = 0; j < jas_matrix_numcols(cblk->data); ++j) {
								v = JAS_ABS(jas_matrix_get(cblk->data, i, j));
								if (v > mx) {
									mx = v;
								}
							}
						}
						if (mx > bmx) {
							bmx = mx;
						}
						cblk->numbps = JAS_MAX(jpc_fix_firstone(mx) + 1 - JPC_NUMEXTRABITS, 0);
					}

					for (cblk = prc->cblks; cblk != endcblks; ++cblk) {
						cblk->numimsbs = band->numbps - cblk->numbps;
						assert(cblk->numimsbs >= 0);
					}

					for (cblk = prc->cblks; cblk != endcblks; ++cblk) {
						if (jpc_enc_enccblk(tcmpt, band, cblk)) {
							return -1;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

static int getthebyte(jas_stream_t *in, long off)
{
	int c;
	long oldpos;
	oldpos = jas_stream_tell(in);
	assert(oldpos >= 0);
	jas_stream_seek(in, off, SEEK_SET);
	c = jas_stream_peekc(in);
	jas_stream_seek(in, oldpos, SEEK_SET);
	return c;
}

/* Encode a single code block. */
static int jpc_enc_enccblk(const jpc_enc_tcmpt_t *tcmpt, const jpc_enc_band_t *band, jpc_enc_cblk_t *cblk)
{
	jpc_enc_pass_t *pass;
	jpc_enc_pass_t *endpasses;
	int bitpos;
	int n;
	int ret;
	jpc_bitstream_t *bout;
	int c;

	bout = 0;

	if (!(cblk->stream = jas_stream_memopen(0, 0))) {
		goto error;
	}
	if (!(cblk->mqenc = jpc_mqenc_create(JPC_NUMCTXS, cblk->stream))) {
		goto error;
	}
	jpc_mqenc_setctxs(cblk->mqenc, JPC_NUMCTXS, jpc_mqctxs);

	cblk->numpasses = (cblk->numbps > 0) ? (3 * cblk->numbps - 2) : 0;
	if (cblk->numpasses > 0) {
		if (!(cblk->passes = jas_alloc2(cblk->numpasses,
		  sizeof(jpc_enc_pass_t)))) {
			goto error;
		};
	} else {
		cblk->passes = 0;
	}
	endpasses = (cblk->passes) ? &cblk->passes[cblk->numpasses] : 0;
	for (pass = cblk->passes; pass != endpasses; ++pass) {
		pass->start = 0;
		pass->end = 0;
		pass->term = JPC_ISTERMINATED(pass - cblk->passes, 0, cblk->numpasses,
		  (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_TERMALL) != 0,
		  (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_LAZY) != 0);
		pass->type = JPC_SEGTYPE(pass - cblk->passes, 0,
		  (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_LAZY) != 0);
		pass->lyrno = -1;
		if (pass == endpasses - 1) {
			assert(pass->term == 1);
			pass->term = 1;
		}
	}

	if (!(cblk->flags = jas_matrix_create(jas_matrix_numrows(cblk->data) + 2,
	  jas_matrix_numcols(cblk->data) + 2))) {
		jas_logerrorf("cannot create matrix\n");
		goto error;
	}

	bitpos = cblk->numbps - 1;
	pass = cblk->passes;
	n = cblk->numpasses;
	while (--n >= 0) {

		if (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) {
			/* NOP */
		} else {
			assert(pass->type == JPC_SEG_RAW);
			if (!bout) {
				bout = jpc_bitstream_sopen(cblk->stream, "w");
				if (!bout) {
					goto error;
				}
			}
		}

		enum jpc_passtype passtype = JPC_PASSTYPE(pass - cblk->passes);
		pass->start = jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream);
#if 0
assert(jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream) == jas_stream_getrwcount(cblk->stream));
#endif
		assert(bitpos >= 0);
		const bool vcausal = (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_VSC) != 0;
		const bool segsym = (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_SEGSYM) != 0;
		unsigned termmode;
		if (pass->term) {
			termmode = ((tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_PTERM) ?
			  JPC_MQENC_PTERM : JPC_MQENC_DEFTERM) + 1;
		} else {
			termmode = 0;
		}
		switch (passtype) {
		case JPC_SIGPASS:
			ret = (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) ? jpc_encsigpass(cblk->mqenc,
			  bitpos, band->orient, vcausal, cblk->flags,
			  cblk->data, termmode, &pass->nmsedec) :
			  jpc_encrawsigpass(bout, bitpos, vcausal, cblk->flags,
			  cblk->data, termmode, &pass->nmsedec);
			break;
		case JPC_REFPASS:
			ret = (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) ? jpc_encrefpass(cblk->mqenc,
			  bitpos, cblk->flags, cblk->data, termmode,
			  &pass->nmsedec) : jpc_encrawrefpass(bout, bitpos,
			  cblk->flags, cblk->data, termmode,
			  &pass->nmsedec);
			break;
		case JPC_CLNPASS:
			assert(pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ);
			ret = jpc_encclnpass(cblk->mqenc, bitpos, band->orient,
			  vcausal, segsym, cblk->flags, cblk->data, termmode,
			  &pass->nmsedec);
			break;
		default:
			assert(0);
			break;
		}

		if (ret) {
			if (bout) {
				jpc_bitstream_close(bout);
			}
			goto error;
		}

		if (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) {
			if (pass->term) {
				jpc_mqenc_init(cblk->mqenc);
			}
			jpc_mqenc_getstate(cblk->mqenc, &pass->mqencstate);
			pass->end = jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream);
			if (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_RESET) {
				jpc_mqenc_setctxs(cblk->mqenc, JPC_NUMCTXS, jpc_mqctxs);
			}
		} else {
			if (pass->term) {
				if (jpc_bitstream_pending(bout)) {
					jpc_bitstream_outalign(bout, 0x2a);
				}
				jpc_bitstream_close(bout);
				bout = 0;
				pass->end = jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream);
			} else {
				pass->end = jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream) +
				  jpc_bitstream_pending(bout);
/* NOTE - This will not work.  need to adjust by # of pending output bytes */
			}
		}
#if 0
/* XXX - This assertion fails sometimes when various coding modes are used.
This seems to be harmless, but why does it happen at all? */
assert(jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream) == jas_stream_getrwcount(cblk->stream));
#endif

		pass->wmsedec = jpc_fixtodbl(band->rlvl->tcmpt->synweight) *
		  jpc_fixtodbl(band->rlvl->tcmpt->synweight) *
		  jpc_fixtodbl(band->synweight) *
		  jpc_fixtodbl(band->synweight) *
		  jpc_fixtodbl(band->absstepsize) * jpc_fixtodbl(band->absstepsize) *
		  ((double) (1 << bitpos)) * ((double)(1 << bitpos)) *
		  jpc_fixtodbl(pass->nmsedec);
		pass->cumwmsedec = pass->wmsedec;
		if (pass != cblk->passes) {
			pass->cumwmsedec += pass[-1].cumwmsedec;
		}
		if (passtype == JPC_CLNPASS) {
			--bitpos;
		}
		++pass;
	}

#if 0
dump_passes(cblk->passes, cblk->numpasses, cblk);
#endif

	n = 0;
	endpasses = (cblk->passes) ? &cblk->passes[cblk->numpasses] : 0;
	for (pass = cblk->passes; pass != endpasses; ++pass) {
		if (pass->start < n) {
			pass->start = n;
		}
		if (pass->end < n) {
			pass->end = n;
		}
		if (!pass->term) {
			const jpc_enc_pass_t *termpass = pass;
			while (termpass - pass < cblk->numpasses &&
			  !termpass->term) {
				++termpass;
			}
			if (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) {
				unsigned t = (pass->mqencstate.lastbyte == 0xff) ? 1 : 0;
				unsigned adjust;
				if (pass->mqencstate.ctreg >= 5) {
					adjust = 4 + t;
				} else {
					adjust = 5 + t;
				}
				pass->end += adjust;
			}
			if (pass->end > termpass->end) {
				pass->end = termpass->end;
			}
			if ((c = getthebyte(cblk->stream, pass->end - 1)) == EOF) {
				if (bout) {
					jpc_bitstream_close(bout);
				}
				return -1;
			}
			if (c == 0xff) {
				++pass->end;
			}
			n = JAS_MAX(n, pass->end);
		} else {
			n = JAS_MAX(n, pass->end);
		}
	}

#if 0
dump_passes(cblk->passes, cblk->numpasses, cblk);
#endif

	if (bout) {
		jpc_bitstream_close(bout);
	}

	return 0;

error:
	return -1;
}

/******************************************************************************\
* Code for significance pass.
\******************************************************************************/

#define	sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec, orient, mqenc, vcausalflag) \
{ \
	jpc_fix_t f; \
	f = *(fp); \
	if ((f & JPC_OTHSIGMSK) && !(f & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT))) { \
		bool v = (JAS_ABS(*(dp)) & (one)) != 0; \
		jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_GETZCCTXNO(f, (orient))); \
		jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, v); \
		if (v) { \
			*(nmsedec) += JPC_GETSIGNMSEDEC(JAS_ABS(*(dp)), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
			v = ((*(dp) < 0) ? 1 : 0); \
			jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_GETSCCTXNO(f)); \
			jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, v ^ JPC_GETSPB(f)); \
			JPC_UPDATEFLAGS4(fp, frowstep, v, vcausalflag); \
			*(fp) |= JPC_SIG; \
		} \
		*(fp) |= JPC_VISIT; \
	} \
}

static int jpc_encsigpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, enum jpc_tsfb_orient orient, bool vcausalflag,
  jas_matrix_t *flags, const jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec)
{
	int i;
	int one;
	jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *fp;
	jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;

	*nmsedec = 0;
	const unsigned width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
	const unsigned height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
	const unsigned frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
	const unsigned drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
	const unsigned fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
	const unsigned dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

	one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

	fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
	const jpc_fix_t *dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
	for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
	  dstripestart += dstripestep) {
		fvscanstart = fstripestart;
		const jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart = dstripestart;
		const unsigned vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
		for (unsigned j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {
			fp = fvscanstart;
			const jpc_fix_t *dp = dvscanstart;
			unsigned k = vscanlen;

			sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, orient, mqenc, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, orient, mqenc, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, orient, mqenc, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, orient, mqenc, 0);

		}
	}

	if (term) {
		jpc_mqenc_flush(mqenc, term - 1);
	}

	return jpc_mqenc_error(mqenc) ? (-1) : 0;
}

#define	rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec, out, vcausalflag) \
{ \
	jpc_fix_t f = *(fp); \
	if ((f & JPC_OTHSIGMSK) && !(f & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT))) { \
		bool v = (JAS_ABS(*(dp)) & (one)) != 0; \
		if ((jpc_bitstream_putbit((out), v)) == EOF) { \
			return -1; \
		} \
		if (v) { \
			*(nmsedec) += JPC_GETSIGNMSEDEC(JAS_ABS(*(dp)), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
			v = *(dp) < 0; \
			if (jpc_bitstream_putbit(out, v) == EOF) { \
				return -1; \
			} \
			JPC_UPDATEFLAGS4(fp, frowstep, v, vcausalflag); \
			*(fp) |= JPC_SIG; \
		} \
		*(fp) |= JPC_VISIT; \
	} \
}

static int jpc_encrawsigpass(jpc_bitstream_t *out, int bitpos, bool vcausalflag, jas_matrix_t *flags,
  const jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec)
{
	int i;
	int one;
	jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *fp;
	jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;

	*nmsedec = 0;
	const unsigned width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
	const unsigned height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
	const unsigned frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
	const unsigned drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
	const unsigned fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
	const unsigned dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

	one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

	fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
	const jpc_fix_t *dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
	for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
	  dstripestart += dstripestep) {
		fvscanstart = fstripestart;
		const jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart = dstripestart;
		const unsigned vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
		for (unsigned j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {
			fp = fvscanstart;
			const jpc_fix_t *dp = dvscanstart;
			unsigned k = vscanlen;

			rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, out, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;

			rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, out, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;

			rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, out, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;

			rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, out, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;

		}
	}

	if (term) {
		jpc_bitstream_outalign(out, 0x2a);
	}

	return 0;
}

/******************************************************************************\
* Code for refinement pass.
\******************************************************************************/

#define	refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec, mqenc, vcausalflag) \
{ \
	if (((*(fp)) & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT)) == JPC_SIG) { \
		(d) = *(dp); \
		*(nmsedec) += JPC_GETREFNMSEDEC(JAS_ABS(d), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
		jpc_mqenc_setcurctx((mqenc), JPC_GETMAGCTXNO(*(fp))); \
		const bool v = (JAS_ABS(d) & (one)) != 0; \
		jpc_mqenc_putbit((mqenc), v); \
		*(fp) |= JPC_REFINE; \
	} \
}

static int jpc_encrefpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, jas_matrix_t *flags, const jas_matrix_t *data,
  int term, long *nmsedec)
{
	int i;
	int one;
	int d;
	jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;
	jpc_fix_t *fp;

	*nmsedec = 0;
	const unsigned width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
	const unsigned height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
	const unsigned frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
	const unsigned drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
	const unsigned fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
	const unsigned dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

	one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

	fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
	const jpc_fix_t *dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
	for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
	  dstripestart += dstripestep) {
		fvscanstart = fstripestart;
		const jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart = dstripestart;
		const unsigned vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
		for (unsigned j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {
			fp = fvscanstart;
			const jpc_fix_t *dp = dvscanstart;
			unsigned k = vscanlen;

			refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  mqenc, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  mqenc, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  mqenc, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  mqenc, 0);

		}
	}

	if (term) {
		jpc_mqenc_flush(mqenc, term - 1);
	}

	return jpc_mqenc_error(mqenc) ? (-1) : 0;
}

#define	rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec, out, vcausalflag) \
{ \
	jpc_fix_t d; \
	if (((*(fp)) & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT)) == JPC_SIG) { \
		d = *(dp); \
		*(nmsedec) += JPC_GETREFNMSEDEC(JAS_ABS(d), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
		const bool v = (JAS_ABS(d) & (one)) != 0; \
		if (jpc_bitstream_putbit((out), v) == EOF) { \
			return -1; \
		} \
		*(fp) |= JPC_REFINE; \
	} \
}

static int jpc_encrawrefpass(jpc_bitstream_t *out, int bitpos, jas_matrix_t *flags,
  const jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec)
{
	int i;
	int one;
	jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;
	jpc_fix_t *fp;

	*nmsedec = 0;
	const unsigned width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
	const unsigned height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
	const unsigned frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
	const unsigned drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
	const unsigned fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
	const unsigned dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

	one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

	fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
	const jpc_fix_t *dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
	for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
	  dstripestart += dstripestep) {
		fvscanstart = fstripestart;
		const jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart = dstripestart;
		const unsigned vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
		for (unsigned j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {
			fp = fvscanstart;
			const jpc_fix_t *dp = dvscanstart;
			unsigned k = vscanlen;

			rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  out, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  out, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  out, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  out, vcausalflag);

		}
	}

	if (term) {
		jpc_bitstream_outalign(out, 0x2a);
	}

	return 0;
}

/******************************************************************************\
* Code for cleanup pass.
\******************************************************************************/

#define	clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one, orient, nmsedec, mqenc, label1, label2, vcausalflag) \
{ \
	jpc_fix_t f; \
label1 \
	f = *(fp); \
	if (!(f & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT))) { \
		jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_GETZCCTXNO(f, (orient))); \
		bool v = (JAS_ABS(*(dp)) & (one)) != 0; \
		jpc_mqenc_putbit((mqenc), v); \
		if (v) { \
label2 \
			f = *(fp); \
			/* Coefficient is significant. */ \
			*(nmsedec) += JPC_GETSIGNMSEDEC(JAS_ABS(*(dp)), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
			jpc_mqenc_setcurctx((mqenc), JPC_GETSCCTXNO(f)); \
			v = ((*(dp) < 0) ? 1 : 0); \
			jpc_mqenc_putbit((mqenc), v ^ JPC_GETSPB(f)); \
			JPC_UPDATEFLAGS4((fp), (frowstep), v, vcausalflag); \
			*(fp) |= JPC_SIG; \
		} \
	} \
	*(fp) &= ~JPC_VISIT; \
}

static int jpc_encclnpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, enum jpc_tsfb_orient orient, bool vcausalflag, bool segsymflag, jas_matrix_t *flags,
  const jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec)
{
	int i;
	jpc_fix_t *fp;
	int one;
	jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;

	*nmsedec = 0;
	const unsigned width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
	const unsigned height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
	const unsigned frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
	const unsigned drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
	const unsigned fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
	const unsigned dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

	one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

	fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
	const jpc_fix_t *dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
	for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
	  dstripestart += dstripestep) {
		fvscanstart = fstripestart;
		const jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart = dstripestart;
		const unsigned vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
		for (unsigned j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {

			fp = fvscanstart;
			const jpc_fix_t *dp;
			unsigned k;
			if (vscanlen >= 4 && !((*fp) & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT |
			  JPC_OTHSIGMSK)) && (fp += frowstep, !((*fp) & (JPC_SIG |
			  JPC_VISIT | JPC_OTHSIGMSK))) && (fp += frowstep, !((*fp) &
			  (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT | JPC_OTHSIGMSK))) && (fp += frowstep,
			  !((*fp) & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT | JPC_OTHSIGMSK)))) {
				dp = dvscanstart;
				for (k = 0; k < vscanlen; ++k) {
					const bool v = (JAS_ABS(*dp) & one) != 0;
					if (v) {
						break;
					}
					dp += drowstep;
				}
				unsigned runlen = k;
				if (runlen >= 4) {
					jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_AGGCTXNO);
					jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, false);
					continue;
				}
				jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_AGGCTXNO);
				jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, true);
				jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_UCTXNO);
				jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, runlen >> 1);
				jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, runlen & 1);
				fp = fvscanstart + frowstep * runlen;
				dp = dvscanstart + drowstep * runlen;
				k = vscanlen - runlen;
				switch (runlen) {
				case 0:
					goto clnpass_partial0;
				case 1:
					goto clnpass_partial1;
				case 2:
					goto clnpass_partial2;
				case 3:
					goto clnpass_partial3;
				}
			} else {
				fp = fvscanstart;
				dp = dvscanstart;
				k = vscanlen;
				goto clnpass_full0;
			}
			clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  orient, nmsedec, mqenc, clnpass_full0:, clnpass_partial0:, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
				orient, nmsedec, mqenc, ;, clnpass_partial1:, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
				orient, nmsedec, mqenc, ;, clnpass_partial2:, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
				orient, nmsedec, mqenc, ;, clnpass_partial3:, 0);
		}
	}

	if (segsymflag) {
		jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_UCTXNO);
		jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, true);
		jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, false);
		jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, true);
		jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, false);
	}

	if (term) {
		jpc_mqenc_flush(mqenc, term - 1);
	}

	return jpc_mqenc_error(mqenc) ? (-1) : 0;
}
