
          D     D      """""D""""""""        D          D   mmmmDmmmm
       """D"""""D"""    D"""""""""D   mmmmmmmDmmmmmmm mmDmm   "m m"
       mmmDmmmmmDmmm    D"""""""""D      m       D      D   D"""""""D
         D   D   D      D"""""""""D      "m     m"      D   D   D   D
      """D"""D"""D"""   """D"""""""       "m   m"     mmD"" D ""D"" D
        mDmmmDmmmDm      mD"""""D"          "m"         D   D D"""D D
       mmmmmmDmmmmmmm  ""  "mmm"           m" "m        D   D DmmmD D
             D         mmm""   ""mmm  mmm""     ""mmm  mD   D      m"



                     Introduction to Hua2 Xia4 Wen3 Zhai1
               -- A New CND Chinese Article Transmission Service

   0.Table of Contents:
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1. Objectives .......................................................  09
   2. Sources and Contributions ........................................  22
   3. Standard and Software ............................................  32
   3. Subscription .....................................................  17
   5. Archives .........................................................  28
   Appendix
   A1.How to use anonymous ftp and retrieve viewers and utils via ftp ..  58
   A2.How to uudecode/encode and  How to contribute to CND-CM ..........  47
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------

   1.Objectives:  ......................................................  09

   Hua Xia Wen Zhai is a  branch of China News Digest(CND). Its English name
   is CND Chinese Magazine(CND-CM). The objective of CND-CM  is  to  promote
   Chinese  culture  and  Chinese computing in  oversea  Chinese  community.
   Editors of CND-CM are  from  the  same group of volunteers who edit China
   News Digest (English daily  service). CND-CM distributes selected Chinese
   articles  to  computer  networks  on  a  weekly basis.

   2.Sources and Contributions:  ........................................ 22

   CND-CM  is  a  digest-type  service.  Most  articles  are  selected  from
   diskettes contributed  from  oversea  Chinese  magazines.  A  few Chinese
   magazines and organizations have  already  contributed their past or even
   current issues of their publications to CND. Among them are Square, China
   Spring,  IFCSS  Newsletter,  Press  Freedom  Guardian.  All  the articles
   selected  will  be  properly  credited  to  their  original  authors  and
   publishers (contributors). We will enlarge our sources by contacting more
   magazines in Mainland China, Taiwan and Hongkong in the future.

   CND netters are  encouraged  to  contribute  Chinese articles directly to
   CND-CM(see Appendix 2 for technical  details). The articles can be either
   the works of your own, or  from a well-established magazine. In the later
   case, we will ask the permissions  from the original author and publisher
   to distribute the Chinese articles on academic computing network.

   Editors will try  their  best  to  select  quality  articles based on the
   criteria of Zhi1 Shi4 Xing4, Qu4  Wei4  Xing4, and Zi1 Liao4 Xing4 (being
   informative, educational, of common interest, and collectable.). There is
   no implication that any selected article necessarily reflect the point of
   view of the editors. Readers  are  urged to exercise their own discretion
   to judge the truthfulness and value of the articles.

   3. Standard and Software ............................................. 32

   Basically,  there  are  two  different  standards  in  Chinese Computing,
   GuoBiao(GB) and BIG-5. GuoBiao, as  the Chinese term implies, is national
   standard, whereas BIG-5 is a popular code in Taiwan and Hongkong. GB code
   is adopted in many systems, such as CCDOS and Macintosh Chinese Operating
   System 6.0x.  There  are  two  coding protocols derived from GB, 'zW' and
   'HZ' which allow mixing of Chinese text and ASCII (English) text.

   Currently, HXWZ publishes both GB version and HZ version at the same time
   with the same contents. The  practical  differences  between  a GB format
   article and a HZ  format  article  is  in that the former is needed to be
   encoded during transmisson through e-mail  network  and has to  decode it
   again before reading it after receiving from  e-mail  network,  while the
   latter (HZ) does not need such encode/decode process.

   GB  files  are  binary  ones.  Network  mail  only  supports  ASCII(text)
   transmission. Chinese GB article must be  converted to plain text file at
   distributor's end before transmission,  and  be  converted back to binary
   file at recipient's site. UUENCODE/UUDECODE  is  a very popular scheme to
   convert file  between  binary  and  text.  It  is  available  on all Unix
   machines. There are also UUENCODE/DECODE  versions for DOS and many other
   systems(See Appendix 1).CND-CM will  use  UUENCODE standard to distribute
   Chinese articles. Readers can use  UUDECODE  to convert text file back to
   Chinese file in GB. The whole process is shown below:

    Editor  | Done by CND-CM | Done by listserv | Done by Readers | Viewer
   Chinese ------> GB -------->  mail text  ---------> GB -------> Chinese
       input/edit   | uuencode | distribute | uudecode |  display


   4. Subscription ...................................................... 17

   Subscription  and  distribution are  dealt  by list server.  To subscribe
   CND-CM, send mail to listserv@psuvm.bitnet or listserv@psuvm.psu.edu. The
   subject line is optional,  the  following listserv  command  should be in
   the first line of the mail body:
   sub cmpsu-l <your full name>
   To unsubscribe the list,  send  mail containing 'signoff cmpsu-l' listserv
   command  to  the same address. Do NOT write  anything  else  in  the  mail
   containing the listserv commands.  People  who use Bitnet  can  also  send
   commands  to listserv by interactive message.

   5. Archives .......................................................... 28

   Uuencoded GB articles of CND-CM  are available from listserv database
   system at  uga.bitnet.  To  get  a  list  of  available  files,  send the
   following command to listserv:
   index ccman-l
   The command to retrieve certain file is:
   get filename
   Again, the request should be send to listserv@uga.bitnet or listserv@psuvm.
   psu.edu with command placed at mail body.


               ==============   A P P E N D I X  ==============

   A1: What is anonymous FTP? How to get viewers and utilities via FTP? ..58

   To read CND-CM, the first thing you do is to get viewer and utilities via
   anonymous ftp and install them on your system.

   FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is  a  subsystem  to allow users to transfer
   files between the local system  and  remote  systems.  On internet, there
   are many public file  servers  that  archive  data  files and software of
   various topics. People can login these accounts as 'anonymous' (anonymous
   must be in lower  case  for  those  servers  on unix system) and retrieve
   files from or contribute to these 'anonymous' accounts.Most system accept
   'ftp' as login name too.

   To login anonymous server on a remote machine, type in the following line
   at your system prompt: ftp domain.name.    (eg, ftp ifcss.org ) At login
   prompt, enter 'anonymous' as  user  name.  Password  can be anything, but
   your real id on your local  machine  is preferred. After login, use 'dir'
   to list available files  in  the  current  directory,  use 'cd' to change
   directory (eg, cd pub). 'get' is  a command to retrieve files from remote
   machine. Before retrieving files,  you  may  need  to specify the mode by
   commands 'bin' and 'asc'. For example, GB files and .exe files are binary
   ones. You need to transfer them  in  binary mode. So before issuing 'get'
   command, type in 'bin' to tell machine to transfer files in binary mode.

   Many files in anonymous ftp  are  compressed ones. You need to uncompress
   before installing them on  your  system.  A common compression format for
   MSDOS is .zip. You need    unzip  utility  to  retrieve files. The one we
   provided in ifcss.org is pkunzip.exe. There are many software packages in
   ifcss.org's ~ftp/software directory which to use view, edit and print the
   Chinese text file. Unix compressed file has an extension '.Z'. It  can be
   uncompressed by  'uncompress'  command  on  Unix. '.tar.Z' is  compressed
   unix tape archive. To extract files from such an archive file, uncompress
   first, then untar the '.tar' file. Example:
   uncompress b2g.tar.Z
   tar -xf b2g.tar

   The following are two anonymous ftp sites that archive China-related
   software and documents.

   (1)ifcss.org              [IP:  129.107.1.155]
 
   (2)cnd.org                [IP: 132.249.229.100]

   You are encouraged to  browse  these  anonymous  ftp  servers and get the
   software that are useful for your system.

   ------------------------------------------------------------------------

   A2: How to uudecode  mails  distributed  by  CND-CM?  How to contribute a
   Chinese article to CND-CM?    ........................................ 47

   (1) Installing UUDECODE: If you are on a Unix system or a system that has
   uudecode on-line, you do not need to  do anything. If your system has not
   installed uudecode, get it from anonymous ftp. There are several versions
   out there. DOS and VMS versions are available at ifcss.org.  The  program
   for DOS are uudecode.exe in ~ftp/software/dos/utils directory. For the 
   .zip  file,  you  need to ftp in binary mode, then unzip with  the  utility
   pkunzip.exe. VMS user can get it from /software/vms subdirectory. It is a
   compiled version. Use binary mode  to  get  it  to  your  system.  Add  
   following  line in your login.com file:
   $ uudecode:==$Userdisk:[userdir]uudecode.exe
   Example: $ uudecode:==$disk1:[zhang]uudecode.exe

   (2) Uudecoding: To uudecode, the first  step  is to save CND-CM mail to a
   file. In unix mail,  type:  s  'filename'  or  w 'filename'. In vms mail,
   type: extract 'filename'. All  the  uudecode  programs provided in ahkcus
   anonymous server will can the  mail  header and tailer automatically. But
   some uudecode versions may not have this function. In that case, you need
   to  edit the file you saved,  cut mail header and all the messages before
   '----- cut here -----' line. At system prompt, type
   uudecode 'filename'
   Then, the original GB  binary  file  will  be  generated  on your disk in
   seconds. This file can be viewed/edited by Chinese viewer/editor.

   If you need to transfer  or  download  GB  files, Don't forget use binary
   transfer mode. You can also download  the  text  file to your PC first in
   text(ascii) mode, and uudecode the uuencoded text on your PC.

   (3)uuencoding and Contributing Articles to CND-CM

	1) Write the article in GB formatted Chinese (We also welcome BIG5
	   or HZ formatted Chinese articles);

	2) Encode the GB or BIG5 formatted Chinese file using uuencode, e.g.,
		uuencode contrib.gb contrib.gb > 1 
           on unix

	3) E-mail the uudecoded file to HXWZ, e.g., 
		mail -s Contribution hxwz@library.uta.edu < 1 
           on unix

         If your file is HZ formatted, you can send the file directly
         through e-mail without encoding.


   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   End of File


