TRIBUNE COMPANY
PHOTO ARCHIVING TASK FORCE

KEY WORDS (ENHANCEMENT TERMS), AND PHOTO TYPE WORDS
FOR DIGITAL PHOTO ARCHIVES

Usage Guidelines and Alternatives

Rev. 1.1 – JULY, 1995

ABUSE
ABORTION
ACCIDENT
ADVERTISING
AGRICULTURE - see also GARDEN, FARM, RANCH.
AIDS - the disease, not implements that assist. Use with DISEASE.
not air force; use MILITARY.
AIR
AIRCRAFT - use for helicopters, commercial airliners, bombers, spy planes, and inflatable transportation vehicles, such as weather balloons, the Goodyear blimp, etc. See also SATELLITE, SPACECRAFT.
ALCOHOL - see also BEVERAGE, WINE.
not alien; use IMMIGRANT, MIGRANT, REFUGEE, TRAVEL.
not amusement park; use ATTRACTION.
ANATOMY - see also BODY, NUDITY.
ANIMAL
ANNIVERSARY
ANTIQUE
APARTMENT
APPLIANCE - see also EQUIPMENT.
ARCHAEOLOGY
not archery; use ** in supplemental category field.
not archive; use LIBRARY or MUSEUM.
ARCHITECTURE
not army; use MILITARY.
not arms or armament; use WEAPON.
not arms control; use WEAPON and CONTROL.
ARREST
ART - a photo of a painting, collage, etc.; see also SCULPTURE.
ASSASSINATION
ASTRONAUT
ASTRONOMY - includes asteroids, comets, galaxies, planets (except earth), stars, and other celestial objects. See also ECLIPSE, MOON, SUN.
ATHLETE - use to distinguish between persons with same or similar name.
ATTRACTION - A place or event to which a tourist might want to go.
AUCTION
AUDIO - use with EQUIPMENT for audio equipment.
AUTO
AUTUMN
AVALANCHE
AWARD - includes medal, trophy, certificate, honorary degree, national honor.

BABY - includes last trimester of pregnancy through age 2; Age 3 to teens use CHILD; then TEENAGER or JUVENILE, as appropriate.
not ballet; use DANCE.
BALLOON - toy; use AIRCRAFT for inflatable air transportation vehicles and weather balloons.
not band; use MUSIC and GROUP.
BANK - includes depository, S&L, credit union, etc.
BAR - see also RESTAURANT.
not baseball; use BBA, BBN, BBO, or BBC in supplemental category field. See also COACH,
TEAM.
not basketball; use BKN, BKC, BKW, or BKO in supplemental category field.
BEACH
BEAUTY - use with CONTEST for beauty contest.
BEVERAGE
BICYCLE - the vehicle; for bicycle racing use ** in supplemental category field.
not billboard; use SIGN.
not billiards; use ** in supplemental category field.
BIRD
BIRTH
not blizzard; use SNOW and STORM.
BOAT - see also SHIP and YACHT.
BODY - see also ANATOMY, NUDITY.
BOMB
BOOK
not boxing; use BOX in supplemental category field.
not brandname; use LOGO.
BRIDGE
not broadcasting; use RADIO or TELEVISION.
BUILDING - use as noun; CONSTRUCTION is used as the verb or activity.
BULLFIGHTING
BUS

CAMPAIGN
CAMPING
CANAL - includes locks.
CANCER
CARE
CARTOON - includes comics and comic books; see list of graphic types at end of this document.
CASINO - see also GAMBLING, RESORT.
CASTLE
CAT
CATTLE
CAVE
CEMETERY
CENSUS
CEREMONY
CHILD - use for age 3 to teen age; then use ADOLESCENT or TEENAGER, as appropriate; use BABY for age 2 and younger.
CHURCH - see also MOSQUE and SYNAGOGUE.
CIRCUS - use with PERFORMANCE where appropriate. See also ATTRACTION, FAIR.
CITRUS
CLEANING
CLINIC
CLOTHING
CLOUDS
COACH - sports; not a vehicle.
not coal; use ENERGY, FUEL, or MINING.
COIN
COLD - temperature; not the illness.
COLLECTIBLE
COLLEGE - includes university.
COMPUTER
not concentration camp; use WAR and PRISON.
not concert; use PERFORMANCE.
CONSERVATION - preservation or repair of objects or sites in nature; use RESTORATION when referring to human-made objects.
CONSTRUCTION - use as a verb or a reference to the activity; use BUILDING as a noun, referring to objects.
CONTEST - use as noun.
CONTROL - use with CROWD or DISEASE or POLLUTION, etc.
CONVENTION - use with POLITICS or BUSINESS or CHURCH, etc.
COOKING
COSTUME
COURTSHIP - see also WEDDING and LOVE; could be used with ANIMAL or other terms as appropriate.
COWBOYS - includes cowgirls.
CRAFT - handicraft.
CRIME
CROWD - a large group of people in one place. See also DEMONSTRATION, LOOTING,
RIOT, VIOLENCE.
CRYING
CURRENCY - see also COIN.

DAIRY - see also FOOD, FRUIT, GRAIN, MEAT, POULTRY, VEGETABLE.
DAM - use LAKE or RIVER, as appropriate, for the body of water behind a dam.
DANCE - all types of dance, including ballroom or social dancing, ballet, folk dancing, tap dancing etc. Use with PERFORMANCE as appropriate. See also ENTERTAINER. not day care; use CHILD or BABY and CARE.
DEAF
DEATH - use with ANNIVERSARY for event recalling a death or deaths on that date in previous year(s).
not defense industry; use MILITARY and INDUSTRY.
DEMOLITION
DEMONSTRATION - a group of people advocating an action or position; see also CROWD, RIOT, VIOLENCE.
DENTISTRY
not department store; use RETAIL and STORE.
DESERT
DESSERT
not dinosaur; use EXTINCT and ANIMAL.
not disabled; use HANDICAPPED.
DISASTER
DISEASE
not diving; use SCUBA; use SWIMMING for recreational diving; for competition use ** in supplementary category field. See also SUBMARINE.
DOG
DOLL
DRINKING
DROUGHT
DRUG - refers to illegal activities; use MEDICINE for legal use of medications and other controlled substances.

EARTHQUAKE
EATING
ECLIPSE
ECONOMY
EDUCATION
ELDERLY
ELECTION
ELECTRIC
EMBASSY - includes consulate, ministry, trade office, etc.
EMPLOYMENT
END - the final event, last time, closing, etc.
ENERGY
ENTERTAINER
ENVIRONMENT
EQUIPMENT - use with MEDICAL for dental and medical devices. See also APPLIANCE.
ETHNIC
EXCAVATION - use with ARCHAEOLOGY or BRIDGE or CONSTRUCTION, etc.
EXECUTION
EXERCISE
not exhibition; use SHOW.
EXPLOSION
EXTINCT
EYE - see also GLASSES.

FAD - see also FASHION and HAIR.
FAIR
FAMILY - see Special Uses/Refinements List at end of this document.
not famine; use HUNGER and DROUGHT.
FARM - see also AGRICULTURE, GARDEN, RANCH.
FASHION
FESTIVAL
not field hockey; use HKO in supplemental category field.
FIRE
FIREFIGHTER
FIREWORKS
FIRST - the beginning; first time; opening; unveiling.
FISH
FISHING
FLAG
FLOOD
not floor hockey; use HKO in supplemental category field.
FLOWER - see also PLANT
FOOD - in general use when more than 2 food groups are depicted. See also DAIRY, FRUIT, GRAIN, MEAT, POULTRY, VEGETABLE.
not football; use FBN, FBC, or FBO in supplemental category field.
FOREST
FOSSIL
FRUIT
FUNERAL - includes memorial service; use DEATH and ANNIVERSARY for event recalling a death or deaths on that date in previous year(s).
FURNITURE

not gallery; use ART and MUSEUM or STORE.
GAMBLING
GAME - competition; use ANIMAL for wild animals.
GANG
GARBAGE
GARDEN - see also AGRICULTURE, FARM, RANCH.
GEM
GHOSTTOWN
GLACIER
GLASSES - includes contact lenses.
GOLD
not golf; use GLF in supplemental category field.
GOVERNMENT - use with BUILDINGS or in connection with government-sponsored research, employees, etc. See also ELECTION, LEGISLATURE, POLITICS.
GRADUATION - don't use END with GRADUATION unless something other than that class' school years are ending.
GRAFFITI
GRAIN - list includes DAIRY, FOOD, FRUIT, MEAT, POULTRY, VEGETABLE.
GROCERY - for a bag or cart full of groceries, etc.; use with RETAIL for the store.
not gymnastics; use GYM in supplemental category field.


HAIR
not hairstyling; use HAIR and FASHION.
not handgun; use WEAPON; see comment in ``Missing Word'' section of the accompanying notes.
HANDICAPPED - use instead of disabled.
not handicraft; use CRAFT.
HAT
HAZARDOUS
HEALTH
not helicopter; use AIRCRAFT.
not highway; use ROAD.
HIKING
HISTORIC
not hockey; use HKN, HKC or HKO in supplemental category field.
HOLIDAY
not homicide; use MURDER.
HORSE
not horse racing; use RAC in supplemental category field.
HOSPITAL - includes hospice; see also CLINIC, MEDICAL.
HOSTAGE
HOT
HOTEL - includes bed & breakfast, hostel, inn, lodge, motel.
HOUSING
HUNGER
HUNTING
HURRICANE - see also MONSOON, STORM, TORNADO, TYPHOON.

ICE - weather condition; includes ice cubes; for ice sculpture, use ICE and SCULPTURE.
not ice hockey; use HKN, HKC or HKO in supplemental category field.
IMMIGRANT - see also MIGRANT, REFUGEE.
INAUGURATION - for heads of state; use CEREMONY for other investitures.
INDUSTRY
not infant; use BABY; see definition at BABY.
INSECT
INSTRUMENT - musical instrument; see also APPLIANCE, EQUIPMENT.
INVENTION

not jail; use PRISON.
JEWELRY
JOGGING - use instead of running.
JUVENILE - people of teen age linked to illegal activities; use TEENAGER in other cases.

KIDNAPPING
KITCHEN
KITE

LABOR - for labor union use LABOR and ORGANIZATION.
LAKE - includes pond and reservoir.
LAUGHING
LEAVES
LEGISLATURE
LIBRARY - includes archive in some cases; see also MUSEUM.
LIGHTHOUSE
LIGHTNING
LOGO - includes brand name and trade mark.
LOOTING
LOTTERY
LOVE
LUMBER

not machinery; use EQUIPMENT.
MAINTENANCE
not mall; use SHOPPING and BUILDING.
MEAT - see also DAIRY, FOOD, FRUIT, GRAIN, POULTRY, VEGETABLE.
not medal; use AWARD.
MEDICAL
MEDICINE - for prescription material; use DRUG for illegal activity.
MEETING
MEMORIAL - a structure; includes monument and statue. Use FUNERAL for memorial services, or DEATH and ANNIVERSARY as appropriate.
MIGRANT - see also IMMIGRANT, REFUGEE.
MILITARY
MINERAL
MINING
MISSILE - weapon.
not mob; use CROWD, DEMONSTRATION, RIOT, LOOTING as appropriate.
MODEL - an object; not a person.
not money; use CURRENCY or COIN.
MONSOON - see also HURRICANE, STORM, TORNADO.
MOON
MOSQUE - see also CHURCH and SYNAGOGUE.
MOTORCYCLE
MOUNTAIN
MOVIE
MURDER
MUSEUM - includes archive in some cases; see LIBRARY.
MUSIC

not narcotic; use DRUG or MEDICINE as appropriate.
not navy; use MILITARY.
NEIGHBORHOOD
NEWSPAPER
NUCLEAR - includes atomic.
NUDITY

OBSCENITY
OCCUPATION
OCEAN - includes salt water gulf.
OFFICE
OIL
not olympics; use OLY in supplemental category field.
OPERA
not orchestra; use MUSIC and GROUP.
ORGANIZATION

not pageant; use BEAUTY and CONTEST for beauty contest.
PAINTING - use as a verb; use ART for a photo of a painting.
not parachuting; use SKYDIVING.
PARADE
PARK - use as a noun.
PARKING
PEACE
PERFORMANCE
not physical fitness; use EXERCISE.
not planets; use ASTRONOMY or EARTH.
PLANT - living vegetation; not a BUILDING; see also TREE.
PLAYGROUND
POLICE
POLITICS
POLLUTION
POLO
POOL - for swimming or wading; see also STADIUM.
POOR - people with few or no economic resources.
POSTOFFICE - see also STAMP.
POULTRY - see also DAIRY, FOOD, FRUIT, MEAT, GRAIN, VEGETABLE.
not poverty; use POOR.
PREGNANCY
PRISON - includes jail, boot camp correctional institutions, etc.
PRISONER
not prize; use AWARD.
PROSTITUTION
not protest movement; use DEMONSTRATION.

RACE - see also ETHNIC.
RADIO - includes broadcasting.
RAILROAD
RAIN
RANCH - see also AGRICULTURE, FARMS, GARDEN.
RECYCLING
REFUGEE - see also IMMIGRANT, MIGRANT.
not refuse; use GARBAGE or WASTE.
RELATED - see Special Uses/Refinements section at the end of this document.
RELIGION
RESCUE - see also SEARCH.
not reservoir; use LAKE.
RESORT - see also CASINO, GAMBLING, TRAVEL.
RESTAURANT
RESTORATION - refers to human-made objects; use CONSERVATION for preservation or repair of nature settings.
RETAIL
not reward; use AWARD.
RIGHTS
RIOT - violent disorder or disturbance, usually accompanied by substantial personal injuries or deaths or property damage; see also CONTROL, CROWD, DEMONSTRATION, LOOTING, VIOLENCE.
RIVER
ROAD - includes alley, street, highway, expressway.
ROBOT - includes robotics.
ROCK
not rocket; use MISSILE or SPACECRAFT, as appropriate. See also AIRCRAFT.
RODEO
ROLLERCOASTER
not roller skating or roller blading; use ** in supplemental category field.
not rowing; use ** in supplemental category field.
not running; use RUN in supplemental category for the sport. See also JOGGING.

SATELLITE - a human-made device; not a celestial body.
SCHOOL
SCIENCE
SCUBA
SCULPTURE
SEARCH - see also RESCUE.
not securities & commodity exchange; use STOCK.
SEX
SHIP - see also BOAT, YACHT.
SHOES
SHOOTING
SHOPPING
not shopping mall; use SHOPPING and BUILDING. See also RETAIL, STORE.
SHOW - an exhibition.
not shrub; use TREE; see also PLANT.
SIGN - includes billboard.
SKELETON
SKATING - recreational; for competition use ** in supplementary category field.
SKIING - recreational; for competition use SKI in supplementary category field.
SKYDIVING - includes parachuting.
SLED - includes sleigh; recreation and transportation; for competition use ** in supplementary category field.
SLEEPING
SMOKING
SNOW
not soccer; use SOC in supplemental category field.
not softball; use ** in supplemental category field.
SOLAR
SPACE
SPACECRAFT - see also SATELLITE.
SPEAKING - see Special Uses/Refinements List at the end of this document.
SPILL
SPRING
STADIUM - any sports facility, except POOL.
STAMP - see also POSTOFFICE.
not star; use ASTRONOMY.
STOCK - any financial market, including stock market, commodity exchange, and options trading location.
STORE - a sales establishment; see also RETAIL.
STORM - see also MONSOON, TYPHOON, TORNADO.
not street; use ROAD.
STRIKE
SUBMARINE - includes diving bell and other underwater exploration vehicle, manned and unmanned; see also ROBOT.
SUBWAY - an underground passageway and vehicles that use it.
SUMMER
SUN
SUPERNATURAL
SURFING
SURGERY
SWIMMING - recreational; includes recreational diving; for competition use ** in supplementary category field. See also SCUBA.
SYNAGOGUE

TATOO
TEACHER
TEAM
TEENAGER - in normal settings; use JUVENILE in connection with lawbreaking.
TELEPHONE
TELESCOPE
TELEVISION - includes broadcasting.
not tennis; use TEN in supplemental category field.
TERRORISM
THEATER - use also BUILDING or PERFORMANCE, etc, as appropriate.
not tool; use EQUIPMENT.
TORNADO
TORTURE - see also EXECUTION.
TOY
not track (athletics); use RUN in supplemental category field.
not trademark; use LOGO.
TRAFFIC
not train; use RAILROAD or SUBWAY.
TRANSPORTATION
TRAVEL
TREASURE
TREE - includes shrub; see also PLANT.
TRIAL
TRIP - see Special Uses/Refinements List at the end of this document.
TRUCK
TUNNEL
TYPHOON - see also MONSOON, STORM, TORNADO.

UFO
UNIFORM
not university; use COLLEGE.

VANDALISM
VEGETABLE - see also FOOD, FRUIT, GRAIN, MEAT, POULTRY.
VETERAN
VIDEO
VIOLENCE
VOLCANO
VOLLEYBALL - recreational; for competition use ** in supplementary category field.

WAR
WASTE
WATER
WEAPON
WEATHER
WEDDING - see also COURTSHIP and LOVE.
not weightlifting; use ** in supplementary category field.
WIND
WINE
WINTER
WOMAN
WORKING
not wrestling; use ** in supplemental category field.

YACHT - see also BOAT, SHIP.

ZOO

PHOTO TYPES

These enhancement terms are used to describe the photo itself or the way it was made, not its content.

ACTION
AERIAL
DAY
EXTERIOR
FISHEYE
GAME
GROUP
HORIZONTAL
INTERIOR
LANDSCAPE
MUG - photo that can be cropped to a good head shot.
NIGHT
PORTRAIT - formal photo
SKYLINE
VERTICAL
VIDEOSTILL
WIDEANGLE

GRAPHIC TYPES

CARTOON
CHART
DIAGRAM
DRAWING - a scene.
MAP


SPECIAL USES / REFINEMENTS

These enhancement terms are used to sharpen a search where there are many photos of the subject, such as a president, dictator, pope, actor, legislative leader, or leading sports figure.

FAMILY - photos with his/her family
PERFORMANCE - when the subject is making a public performance.
RELATED - photos in which the subject is not included: the subject's dog, car, house, papers, etc.
SPEAKING - includes making a public statement or sermon.
TRIP - when the subject travels away from his/her customary surroundings for more than one day;
excludes campaign trips.


VALID ENTRIES IN SPECIAL CATEGORY FIELD.

This list contains terms currently used (June, 1995) by the Associated Press, as well as certain sports for which special category terms have not yet been assigned. Not all of these terms will be used by Tribune newspapers. They are listed as reference.

GENERAL:

ADV - Advance
APN - APNewsFeatures
ENT - Entertainment
FEA - Feature pictures of a non-news nature
MAP - Map or graphic
WEA - Weather
OBIT - Obituary
FILE - File photo
HFR - Hold for Release (embargoed for same-day release)
NAT - National Geographic weekly package
SPF - Special Features weekly package
SPCL - Specials
PM - PM cycle

NEWS EVENTS:

CVN - National political conventions
ELN - Election campaigns
XGR - State Legislatures

SPORTS:

BBA - Professional baseball - American League
BBN - Professional baseball - National League
BBO - Professional baseball - minor league or related to neither league
BBC - College baseball
BKN - NBA basketball
BKC - Men's college basketball
BKW - Women's college basketball
BKO - Other basketball including high school and semi-pro
BOX - Boxing
CAR - Racing (car, speedboat, motorcycle)
FBN - NFL Football
FBC - College football
FBO - Other football including high school and semi-pro
GLF - Golf
GYM - Gymnastics
HKN - NHL hockey
HKC - College hockey
HKO - Other hockey including high school and minor league; includes field hockey and floor hockey.
OLY - Olympics
RAC - Racing (animals)
RUN - Track and Field
SKI - Skiing
SOC - Soccer
TEN - Tennis

Sports for which terms have not been assigned:

- Archery
- Bicycle racing
- Billiards
- Roller skating
- Roller blading
- Rowing
- Ice skating
- Sledding
- Softball
- Swimming and diving
- Volleyball
- Weightlifting
- Wrestling


Enhancement Terms (Keywords) for Electronic Photo Archiving
1998 SLA News Division Preliminary Program
SLA News Division Home