SRI:
SrI NaarAyaNa Yatheendhra MahA DesikAya Nama:
Dear BhakthAs :
Today , adiyEn will cover the 12th slOkam . It will get
dense as we approach the VedAnthic subjects , which
Swamy Desikan explains crisply .
SlOkam 12
***************
Purusha PradhAna sarIrO bhuvanAnAm bhavasi AchyuthOpadhAnam
nija sankalpa sanATO vahasi nimitthathvam apyadhbhutha sakthi:
(Meaning according to D.R.Swamy): Oh Achyutha! Thy Sakthi (prowess)
is indeed marvellous , By having souls and matter as Thy body , Thou dost
become the material cause for the worlds . By Thy own will Thou dost also
become the instrumental and efficent cause .
(Comments): Here , Swamy Desikan focuses on the Lord being both
the UpAdhAna (material) and Nimittha ( Instrumental) KaraNam (Cause)
for creation . A potter , who creates a pot out of clay is the nimittha
(instrumental) KaaraNam , while the clay itself is the UpAdhAna (Material)
KaaraNam . Here and in other cases , the Nimittha and UpAdhAna kaaraNams
are distinct and different . Our Lord alone is the sole exception because
He is both the Nimittha and UpAdhAna KaaraNams. Swamy Desikan marvels at
this adhbhutha Sakthi of the Lord :
" Achyutha ! Thvam bhuvanAnAm upAdhAnam bhavasy ; nimitthathvam api vahasy " .
Our Lord has Jeevans ( sentients) and Prakruthy (insentients) as His body and
as a result becomes the UpAdhAna KaaraNam ( Material Cause) for the creation
of the worlds .
With His own sankalpam , He becomes the nimittha kaaraNam
( Instrumental cause)also for that act of creation (" Thvam nija sankalpa
sanATa: nimitthathvam api vahasi " in Swamy Desikan's words ) .
VedAnthic Intrepretation of UpAdhana & Nimittha KaaraNams
******************************************************************************
The doctrine of Parama Purushan (Supreme Being) has several facets : It
includes
His Svaroopam (essential or intrinsic nature) , His auspicious attributes (
kalyANa
guNams ) , His divine personality ( dhivya MangaLa vigraham ) , His sacred
avathArams
( dhivya avathArams) and His divine activities ( dhivya LeelAs ) such as
creation ,
protection and dissolution of the Universe . In this slOkam , Swamy Desikan
describes
the act of Creation (Srushti) and how the Lord stays as UpAdhAna and nimittha
KaaraNam
in this dhivya leela ( Divine sport ) . He is Jagath KaaraNan ( Sole cause of
Creation).
As a part of His cosmic duties , He creates the world and its beings , enters
into
them as their indweller and directs them .
Brahman as the Material & Instrumental Cause
************************************************************
Brahma Soothram 1.4.23 deals directly with the subject of the Supreme
Brahman being UpAdhAna (Material) KaaraNam :
Prakruthisccha prathij~nA dhrushtAnthaanuparOdhAth --- BR. Soothram1.4.23
(Meaning ) : " ( Brahman is) the material cause also (besides being
the nimittha KaaraNam as well) . In Bhagavath GitA ( IX.8) , Lord says:
" animating My Prakruthi , I project again and again this whole multitude "
in support of the UpAdhaana KaaraNam . Prakruthi is also known as
Maayaa (UpAdhAnam ) and the creator is the Maayin ( nimithtam).
Thus , He is both UpAdhAna and nimittha KaaraNam for Creation .
The Brahma SoothrakArar ( BaadharAyaNar) establishes the theory of
Brahman as UpAdhAna and Nimithta KaaraNams with four subsequent
SoothrAs :
" AbhidhyOpadEsAsccha " ---1.4.24 ( Also on account of the statement of
will to create on the part of Brahman / " May I be Many ": ChAndhOgyam VI.ii.3).
This is the " nija sankalpa sanATO nimitthathvam " referred to by SWamy
Desikan in his 12th SlOkam .
" SaakshAcchObhayaamnAnAth " Brahma Soothram : 1.4.25
Here the evidence is given from Taitthiriya BrAhmaNam that
Brahman is both material and Instrumental cause ( Tai.Br: II.8.9)
" Aathma KruthE : " Br.Soothram 1.4.26 ( Brahman is the material
cause of the world because sruthi says it /Brahman created itself ).
Tai.Upanishad says in this context : " Tath aathmAnam Svayam akrutha".
Here is the pramANam for nimittha KaaraNam .
" PariNAmAth" -- Br.Soothram : 1.4.27 ( On account of modification ,
it is possible.The pramANam for the Brahman being the Material cause
comes from BrahadhAraNyaka Upanishad( I.iv.7) : " This universe was
then unmanifested. It manifested itself only as name and form ". Here is
the support for UpAdhAna KaaraNam of Brahman.
" yOnisccha hi geeyathE " --Br.Soothram 1.4.28 ( Based on two PramANams
from Mundaka Upanishad , this Soothram declares that Brahman is
the Material cause of this Universe ).
MaadhvAchArya does not admit that Brahman is UpAdhAna Kaaranam
but concedes that Brahman is only Nimittha KaaraNam . Both Sankara and
RamAnuja agree with the Soothra KarthA's position that Brahman is of
UpAdhAna and Nimittha KaaraNams . Swamy Desikan wonders about
the uniqueness of the Lord being both Material and Instrumental cause
for the Creation of the world and its entities with various names and forms.
Srimath Azhagiya Singar ThiruvadigaLE SaraNam ,
Daasan , Oppiliappan Koil VaradAchAri Sadagopan
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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