Dear BhakthAs :
Today we will continue to study one of the most brilliant summaries of
the Four Chapters of Brahma Soothrams by Swamy Desikan .
The quintessence of each of the chapters is organized in 32 lines
of this paasuram and is set in the poetic Chandha Viruttham of
IrupattheNN SeerAsiriyam .
A comparable brilliance in such a Summary of Brahma Soothram
can only be found in his (Swamy Desikan's ) SrI Sookthi of
AdhikaraNa SaarAvaLi in Sanskrit (SrashtA dEhi svanishtO---).
Second Chapter of Brahma Soothram
*****************************
We will focus now on the 9th to the 16th lines of this Paasuram,
which is a summary of the second Chapter of Brahma Soothram
dealing further with the omnipotent Supreme Brahman that creates all
the sentient and insentient beings of this universe :
katthuvikka vala katthuvitthai vazhi
kaRRavarkku asaivu il MaRayinAr
Kapilar kaNasaraNar Sukatar Samar arar
vazhigaL azhiyum aruL mozhiyinAr
katthu ilakkilum arukkulatthilum
achitthilokkum oru MudhalvanAr
karaNam idu kadiya pathinoru irudikamum
adaya mudiyum adi irudiyAr
Introduction to the essence of the Second Chapter of Brahma Soothram (BRS)
************************************************************
Swamy VirEswarAnandhA's summary for background is as follows:
The first chapter of BRS established that the VedAntha texts teach only
Brahman, which is completely different from (1) the insentient world of
matter(achEthanam) experienced by direct perception and (2) the sentient
world of intelligent souls either connected with matter in a state of
bondage as Bhaddha Jeevan or freed of it as Muktha Jeevan .
This Brahman was saluted as the repository of infinite auspicious attributes
and free from all imperfections ; this Brahman was recognized as the ONE
and ONLY cause of this chEtha-achEthana prapancham ( sentient and
insentient world ) and the INNER SELF OF EVERY THING.
" The second chapter of BRS is begun to strengthen the above position
by refuting al possible arguments that may be brought against it.To start
with , the author of BRS takes up the objection that this view would
contradict the Saankya Smruthi of Sage Kapila , who is recognized
on all hands as a trustworthy authority on matters supra-sensous ".
Swamy Desikan's summary of the Second chapter of BRS
*********************************************
There are four Paadhams for the Second cahpter as well.
Swamy Desikan devotes tqo lines of this Paasuram for
each of these Paadhams .
2nd Chapter of BRS : 1st Paadham ( lines 9-10)
**************************************
In protests against the Jagath KaaraNathvam of Brahman
by Para Matha VaadhikaL , the branch of Vaadham known
as Jalpam was used. Those arguments to question the unassailable
truth that Brahman is the sole cause for the origin of the Universe
and its beings turned out to be futile .All these virOdhams (disputations)
pointed out by Para matha Vaadhins quoting smruthis and yukthis
were quelled by the vichithra sakthi of the Supreme Being(Brahman).
These Jalpa Vaadhams were pulverized.
2nd Chapter of BRS : 2nd Paadham ( Lines 11-12)
*****************************************
Here , the subject is the glories of the Supreme Being that
blessed us with the PaancharAthra Saasthram to defeat
the incorrect Vaadhams of Sage Kapila , KaNAthar, Buddha ,
Jaina , SaivAs ( Paasupatha Matham ) and all such Mathams .
The Lord of Kaanchipuram is saluted as " VazhigaL azhiyum aruL
MozhiyinAr " ( the giver of the boon of PaancharAthra Soothram
that helped to banish the faulty doctrines of Para Mathams ).
2nd Chapter of BRS : 3rd Paadham ( Lines 13-14)
***************************************
The essence of the third Paadham of the 1st chapter of BRS
is the omnipotence of Brahman that creates the PanchabhUthams and
the Indhriyams based on them as well as the Jeeva vargams based on
the tatthvams like MahAn, ahankAram et al.
The Pancha bhUthams behind indhriyams is described as " khatthu
ilakku " . The Jeeva Vargams and achEthanams defined by Mahaan ,
ahankAram and related tatthvams is referred to as "arukkulam".
That Lord VaradarAjan is the creator of the Pancha bhUthams ,
the world of sentients and insentients in the proper srishti kramam
is recognized with saluting Him as " oru MudhalvanAr" ( Srusthi
karthA and one and only Jagath kaaraNa bhUthan ).
2nd Chapter of BRS: the 4th Paadham ( Lines 15-16)
******************************************
The SaarArTam (quintessence ) of the fourth Paadham is
that the arguments of Para Mathams that prakruthi (matter )
is the moola kAraNam for the world can not be supported
by Vedam and VedAntham (Upanishads).PoorvAchAryAs of
VisishtAdhvaitha darsanam in general and AchArya RaamAnuja
in particular through His SrI Bhaashyam has proven that Iswaran
alone ( and not achEthanam/Prakruthi) could be the root cause
of Jagath Srushti.Such VaishNavite AchAryAs have thus established
the limitless Vaibhavam of SrIman NaarAyaNan as the Supreme
Brahman . Swamy Desikan pointed out earlier that VedAs and the path
shown by the Vedaas (MaRai neRi/ Veda Maargam ) are eternal
and imperishable. Those which are outside the Veda Maargam
which point out to any tatthvam as Jagath KaaraNam are untenable
and absurd based on PramANams ( sithaivu il/azhivaRRavai) .
In the fourth paadham of the second chapter that the Lord
as the Supreme being is behind the origin of the 11 Indhriyams
( 5 Jn~na Indhriyams , 5 Karma Indhriyams and Manas ) :
" pathinoru irudikamum adaya mudiyum adi ".He is the cause
( KaaraNam ) for the Indhriyams as well.
Swamy Desikan ThiruvadigaLE SaraNam ,
SrImath Azhagiya Singar Thiruvadi ,
Oppiliappan Koil VaradAchAri Sadagopan
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