SrI :
Dear Fellow Students of the History of Sri VaishNavam :
Northern Kingdoms
**********************
While the Northern part of India's history was being written by
the MouryA kings ( 321-181 B.C.E ) like SaamrAt AshOkaa ,
GupthA Kings (320-550 C.E) like VikramAditya and Samudra Gupthaa ,
Pushya Bahus ( 550-650 C.E) like Harshaa and
Pratihaaras ( 750-1150 C.E ) with their capital in Ujjain ,
the history of the region south of the VindhyA mountains was being
carved out by the PandyAs and CherAs( around 3rd cenury B.C.E) ,
PallavAs ( 5th to 8th Century C.E) and ChOLAs ( 9th to 12th Century C.E) .
We will not focus too much on the northern kingdoms unless they had
an impact on the people of the southern kingdoms , which ended up in
the redrawing of the boundaries of these kingdoms .
Central Kingdoms
*******************
Besides the Northern kingdoms were the SEVEN Central Kingdoms :
1. SaathavAhanAs (50 B.C.E -- 220 C.E )with their capital in PaithAn in
modern day MaharAshtraa .
2. Vakatakaas ( 250-500 C.E) with thier capital in Bandhivardhana , which
ruled over MahaarAshtraa , Andhra PradEsha an dN.Karnataka . It was
absorbed however by marriage with kings of GupthA dynasty .
3.Early ChaaLukyAs with VaathApi as their Capital . They ruled from 550-750
C.E.
They were in running battles with PallavAs and PaaNDyAs of the Southern
Kingdoms . None was strong enough to overpower the other and skirmishes
continued .
4. RaashtrakootAs with their capital in Achalapura in modern MaharAshtrA :
These rulers were worshippers of Sivaa and built the famous Ellora Temples
for KailasanAth .Their power at times extended all the way to Sri Lanka .
5. The Hoysala kings ( 1000-1300 C.E ) had their capital in DhwArakA
Samudhra in modern day7 KarnatakA . King Bitti Devan/VishNu Vardhana ,
the Jain king converted to VaishNavism as a result of his reverence for
AchArya RaamAnujA at ThondanUr and created many agrahArams like
Mandyam for Vaishnavite scholars . These kings built many exquisite
temples for VishNu at places like Belur , Haleibeed and others , many of
which are being covered by Sri Sridhar of Bangalore now .
6. Later day ChALukyAs (1050-1150) with their capital at KalyAn
in N.Karnataka.
7. Thuglaks ruled central India from 1300-1400 C.E. The Indian Muslim
dynasty of Bhamanis succedded the Tuglaks . Bhaktha Raama Doss
lived during thsi period and built the Bhadraachalam temple .The BhAmanis
ruled from Bidar in N.Karantaka . They were absorbed by the Moghuls
(1556-1718)
during the fanatic Moghul Aurangazeb's time .
Southern Kingdoms
**********************
In the South , It was a great cavalcade of kings and Emperors , collision
between them , great patronage of arts , wonderful periods of Temple
building and rivalries between Jainism , Buddhism and Hinduism
energized by these royal households .
Between the third and 11th centuries , Bhakthi mopvement had a big boost .
During these times flourished the VaishNavite AzhwArs and Saivaite
NaayanmArs. ChOLA Kingdom reached its zenith in the 10th Century .
Swamy Nathamuni ( 824-924 C.E) , Swamy AlavanthAr (916-1041 C.E) and
his sishyAs ( Periya Nambi, Sri saila PoorNar , ThirukkOttiyUr Nambi et al)
and AchArya RaamAnuja ( 1017-1137) flourished from the 9th to 12th Centuries
.
KurEsar , ParAsara Bhattar , Namjeeyar , Embaar , Thirukkuruhai PirAn
PiLLAn, MaDappaLLi AcchAn , NadAthUr AzhwAn , YengaLAzhwAn and
a host of other AchAryAs flourished under the Sun of RaamAnujA . Their dates
are given in the previous posting in this series .
NampiLLai , Vadakku Thiruveethi PiLLai , Periya VaacchAn PiLLai ,
PILLai LOkAcchAr , VedAntha Desikan ( 1268-1369 C.E) spread the divine
message of AchArya RaamAnujA from 12th to 14th century .
KumAra VaradAcchAr(1316-1401 C.E) , Brahma Tantra Jeeyar , Adhi VaNN
SathakOpa Jeeyar ( 1378-1458 C.E) , Swamy MaNavALa Maa Muni ( 1370-1444 C.E)
fortified the ramparts of Bhagavath RaamAnuja SiddhAntham during the 14th to
the 15th Centuries .
The Time line of Source Books
*********************************
These dates are extremely approximate and I am sure that
there will be a lot of disagreements on them :
1. Rg Veda : 1500 B.C.E ( Our belief is that VedAs are anAdhi) .
1.1: RaamAyaNaa: 1200 B.C.E , when Kousalas and VidEhAs ruled .
2. Saama , Yajur , Atharva VedAs : 1000 B.C.E
3. Bharata War : 900 B.C.E
4. BrahmaNAs & AaraNyakAs : 900-700 B.C.E
5. Early Upanishads ( Isa, AitrEya , KaTha , Kena , ChAndhOgya ,
BruhadhAraNyaka ) : 600 B.C.E
6. Maha Vira Jaina : 599 -527 B.C.E
7. Gouthama Buddha : 560-480 B.C
6. Later Upanishads : Prasna , ShvEtasvatAra, MaaNDukya , MahA NaarAyaNa
et al (After BuddhA's Time )
7. Laws of Manu 200 B.C.E
8. AzhwArs : 300 - 900 C.E
9. Aadhi Shankara : 788- 820 C.E
10. AchArya RaamAnujA : 1017-1137 C.E
11. MaadhvAchArya : 1199-1278 C.E
12 . VallabhAchArya B. 1479 C.E
We will take up the intersection of the time lines of the kings
with AchAryAs in the next posting .
Srimath Azhagiya Singar ThiruvadigaLE SaraNam ,
Daasan , Oppiliappn Koil V.Sadagopan
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