Omission of the copula

Biblical Greek morphology and syntax, aspect, linguistics, discourse analysis, and related topics
Jean Putmans
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Omission of the copula

Post by Jean Putmans »

A question on the ellipsis (better: omission) of the copula.

Though the omission of the copula is a very old phenomenon (according to idg-scholars like Meijer-Brüggen, Hirt; Schwyzer; in fact the copula seems to be a later "development"), I wonder why some expressions (τι ημιν και σοι; (τι) ονομα σοι), when I search them in the abridged TLG, if at all, just appear for patristics but not for classical Greek.

In the NT the ellipsis of εστιν appears about 175 times (according to Haubeck, Sprachlicher Schlüssel zum griechischen Neuen Testament), so there it seems to be a frequent phenomenon.

Does the TLG (non-abridged) give more examples, or does the lack of examples of classical Greek in the TLG show, that the NT-use of these expressions is something recent or NT-specific?

Regards,

Jean
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Barry Hofstetter
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Re: Omission of the copula

Post by Barry Hofstetter »

Are you talking about these particular phrases, or the omission of the copula in general? For the latter, if you read a fair amount of Greek, this is something that becomes almost automatic. No verb in the sentence, so what do you supply? A form of εἰμί, unless the context demands something else. I have no systematic research on this, just that you see it often enough that it's never a surprise.
N.E. Barry Hofstetter, M.A., Th.M.
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Jean Putmans
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Re: Omission of the copula

Post by Jean Putmans »

I mean these specific phrases (τι ημιν και σοι/ τι σοι / τι μοι etc).

I had a look in Mayser Vol II-3 page16 ff: none of the above mentioned phrases are mentioned there (unless I overlooked one).

Regards,


Jean
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Re: Omission of the copula

Post by Jean Putmans »

Addition: In Mayser the omission of εστιν in Dat+ ονομα seesm to be restricted to Relativclauses.
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Jonathan Robie
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Re: Omission of the copula

Post by Jonathan Robie »

I see 3679 subject/predicate clauses in the Greek New Testament. Of these:

2562 have an explicit verbal copula.
1117 do not have an explicit verbal copula

You are looking at constructions that are questions. Here are some questions without explicit verbal copulas to consider (I generated this quickly, check it before trusting it too much):

<p id="Acts.11.17">εἰ οὖν τὴν ἴσην δωρεὰν ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς ὡς καὶ ἡμῖν, πιστεύσασιν ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην δυνατὸς κωλῦσαι τὸν Θεόν;</p>
<p id="Matt.26.8">ἰδόντες δὲ οἱ μαθηταὶ ἠγανάκτησαν λέγοντες Εἰς τί ἡ ἀπώλεια αὕτη;</p>
<p id="Rom.3.29">οὐχὶ καὶ ἐθνῶν;</p>
<p id="1Thess.2.19">τίς γὰρ ἡμῶν ἐλπὶς ἢ χαρὰ ἢ στέφανος καυχήσεως— ἢ οὐχὶ καὶ ὑμεῖς— ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῇ αὐτοῦ παρουσίᾳ;</p>
<p id="Rom.11.15">εἰ γὰρ ἡ ἀποβολὴ αὐτῶν καταλλαγὴ κόσμου, τίς ἡ πρόσλημψις εἰ μὴ ζωὴ ἐκ νεκρῶν;</p>
<p id="2Cor.2.2">εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, καὶ τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με εἰ μὴ ὁ λυπούμενος ἐξ ἐμοῦ;</p>
<p id="1John.5.5">τίς ἐστιν ὁ νικῶν τὸν κόσμον εἰ μὴ ὁ πιστεύων ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ;</p>
<p id="1John.2.22">Τίς ἐστιν ὁ ψεύστης εἰ μὴ ὁ ἀρνούμενος ὅτι Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ Χριστός;</p>
<p id="Matt.13.55">οὐχ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ λέγεται Μαριὰμ καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Σίμων καὶ Ἰούδας;</p>
<p id="Luke.17.17 Luke.17.18">ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν Οὐχ οἱ δέκα ἐκαθαρίσθησαν; οἱ δὲ ἐννέα ποῦ; οὐχ εὑρέθησαν ὑποστρέψαντες δοῦναι δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ εἰ μὴ ὁ ἀλλογενὴς οὗτος;</p>
<p id="John.21.21">τοῦτον οὖν ἰδὼν ὁ Πέτρος λέγει τῷ Ἰησοῦ Κύριε, οὗτος δὲ τί;</p>
<p id="1Cor.12.29">μὴ πάντες διδάσκαλοι;</p>
<p id="1Cor.12.29">μὴ πάντες δυνάμεις;</p>
<p id="1Cor.12.29">μὴ πάντες προφῆται;</p>
<p id="1Cor.12.29">μὴ πάντες ἀπόστολοι;</p>
<p id="Matt.22.35 Matt.22.36">καὶ ἐπηρώτησεν εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν νομικὸς πειράζων αὐτόν Διδάσκαλε, ποία ἐντολὴ μεγάλη ἐν τῷ νόμῳ;</p>
<p id="1Cor.1.20">ποῦ γραμματεύς;</p>
<p id="1Cor.15.54 1Cor.15.55">ὅταν δὲ τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀφθαρσίαν καὶ τὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀθανασίαν, τότε γενήσεται ὁ λόγος ὁ γεγραμμένος Κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος. ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ νῖκος; ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ κέντρον;</p>
<p id="1Cor.15.54 1Cor.15.55">ὅταν δὲ τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀφθαρσίαν καὶ τὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀθανασίαν, τότε γενήσεται ὁ λόγος ὁ γεγραμμένος Κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος. ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ νῖκος; ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ κέντρον;</p>
<p id="1Cor.1.20">ποῦ σοφός;</p>
<p id="1Cor.1.20">ποῦ συνζητητὴς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου;</p>
<p id="1Cor.12.19">εἰ δὲ ἦν τὰ πάντα ἓν μέλος, ποῦ τὸ σῶμα;</p>
<p id="Rom.3.27">Ποῦ οὖν ἡ καύχησις; ἐξεκλείσθη.</p>
<p id="Luke.8.25">εἶπεν δὲ αὐτοῖς Ποῦ ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν;</p>
<p id="1Cor.12.17">εἰ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα ὀφθαλμός, ποῦ ἡ ἀκοή;</p>
<p id="1Cor.12.17">εἰ ὅλον ἀκοή, ποῦ ἡ ὄσφρησις;</p>
<p id="Gal.4.15">ποῦ οὖν ὁ μακαρισμὸς ὑμῶν;</p>
<p id="2Cor.2.16">καὶ πρὸς ταῦτα τίς ἱκανός;</p>
<p id="Jas.4.1">Πόθεν πόλεμοι καὶ πόθεν μάχαι ἐν ὑμῖν;</p>
<p id="John.18.26">λέγει εἷς ἐκ τῶν δούλων τοῦ ἀρχιερέως, συγγενὴς ὢν οὗ ἀπέκοψεν Πέτρος τὸ ὠτίον Οὐκ ἐγώ σε εἶδον ἐν τῷ κήπῳ μετ’ αὐτοῦ;</p>
<p id="Acts.4.24 Acts.4.25 Acts.4.26">οἱ δὲ ἀκούσαντες ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἦραν φωνὴν πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν καὶ εἶπαν Δέσποτα, σὺ ὁ ποιήσας τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς, ὁ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου στόματος Δαυεὶδ παιδός σου εἰπών Ἵνα τί ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά; παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες συνήχθησαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατὰ τοῦ Κυρίου καὶ κατὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ.</p>
<p id="1Cor.5.12">τί γάρ μοι τοὺς ἔξω κρίνειν;</p>
<p id="1Cor.15.32">εἰ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ἐθηριομάχησα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ, τί μοι τὸ ὄφελος;</p>
<p id="Luke.24.17">εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς Τίνες οἱ λόγοι οὗτοι οὓς ἀντιβάλλετε πρὸς ἀλλήλους περιπατοῦντες;</p>
<p id="Matt.22.20">καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς Τίνος ἡ εἰκὼν αὕτη καὶ ἡ ἐπιγραφή;</p>
<p id="Mark.12.16">καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς Τίνος ἡ εἰκὼν αὕτη καὶ ἡ ἐπιγραφή;</p>
<p id="John.21.22">λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς Ἐὰν αὐτὸν θέλω μένειν ἕως ἔρχομαι, τί πρὸς σέ; σύ μοι ἀκολούθει.</p>
<p id="John.21.23">οὐκ εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι οὐκ ἀποθνήσκει, ἀλλ’ Ἐὰν αὐτὸν θέλω μένειν ἕως ἔρχομαι, τί πρὸς σέ;</p>
<p id="Matt.27.4">οἱ δὲ εἶπαν Τί πρὸς ἡμᾶς; σὺ ὄψῃ.</p>
<p id="Rom.8.31">εἰ ὁ Θεὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, τίς καθ’ ἡμῶν;</p>
<p id="2Cor.6.14">τίς γὰρ μετοχὴ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ἀνομίᾳ, ἢ τίς κοινωνία φωτὶ πρὸς σκότος;</p>
<p id="2Cor.6.15">τίς δὲ συμφώνησις Χριστοῦ πρὸς Βελιάρ, ἢ τίς μερὶς πιστῷ μετὰ ἀπίστου;</p>
<p id="Jas.3.13">Τίς σοφὸς καὶ ἐπιστήμων ἐν ὑμῖν;</p>
<p id="2Cor.6.16">τίς δὲ συνκατάθεσις ναῷ Θεοῦ μετὰ εἰδώλων;</p>
<p id="Acts.7.49">ποῖον οἶκον οἰκοδομήσετέ μοι, λέγει Κύριος, ἢ τίς τόπος τῆς καταπαύσεώς μου;</p>
<p id="Heb.12.7">τίς γὰρ υἱὸς ὃν οὐ παιδεύει πατήρ;</p>
<p id="Rev.5.2">καὶ εἶδον ἄγγελον ἰσχυρὸν κηρύσσοντα ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ Τίς ἄξιος ἀνοῖξαι τὸ βιβλίον καὶ λῦσαι τὰς σφραγῖδας αὐτοῦ;</p>
<p id="Heb.7.11">Εἰ μὲν οὖν τελείωσις διὰ τῆς Λευειτικῆς ἱερωσύνης ἦν, ὁ λαὸς γὰρ ἐπ’ αὐτῆς νενομοθέτηται, τίς ἔτι χρεία κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ ἕτερον ἀνίστασθαι ἱερέα καὶ οὐ κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Ἀαρὼν λέγεσθαι;</p>
<p id="Acts.10.21">καταβὰς δὲ Πέτρος πρὸς τοὺς ἄνδρας εἶπεν Ἰδοὺ ἐγώ εἰμι ὃν ζητεῖτε· τίς ἡ αἰτία δι’ ἣν πάρεστε;</p>
<p id="Acts.17.17 Acts.17.18 Acts.17.19 Acts.17.20">διελέγετο μὲν οὖν ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις καὶ τοῖς σεβομένοις καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ κατὰ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν πρὸς τοὺς παρατυγχάνοντας. τινὲς δὲ καὶ τῶν Ἐπικουρίων καὶ Στοϊκῶν φιλοσόφων συνέβαλλον αὐτῷ, καί τινες ἔλεγον Τί ἂν θέλοι ὁ σπερμολόγος οὗτος λέγειν; οἱ δέ· Ξένων δαιμονίων δοκεῖ καταγγελεὺς εἶναι· ὅτι τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν εὐηγγελίζετο. ἐπιλαβόμενοί δὲ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἄρειον πάγον ἤγαγον, λέγοντες Δυνάμεθα γνῶναι τίς ἡ καινὴ αὕτη ἡ ὑπὸ σοῦ λαλουμένη διδαχή; ξενίζοντα γάρ τινα εἰσφέρεις εἰς τὰς ἀκοὰς ἡμῶν· βουλόμεθα οὖν γνῶναι τίνα θέλει ταῦτα εἶναι.</p>
<p id="Mark.6.2">καὶ οἱ πολλοὶ ἀκούοντες ἐξεπλήσσοντο λέγοντες Πόθεν τούτῳ ταῦτα, καὶ τίς ἡ σοφία ἡ δοθεῖσα τούτῳ; καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις τοιαῦται διὰ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ γινόμεναι;</p>
<p id="Rom.3.1">Τί οὖν τὸ περισσὸν τοῦ Ἰουδαίου, ἢ τίς ἡ ὠφέλεια τῆς περιτομῆς;</p>
<p id="Rom.8.34">τίς ὁ κατακρινῶν;</p>
<p id="Rev.18.17 Rev.18.18">καὶ πᾶς κυβερνήτης καὶ πᾶς ὁ ἐπὶ τόπον πλέων καὶ ναῦται καὶ ὅσοι τὴν θάλασσαν ἐργάζονται, ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἔστησαν καὶ ἔκραζον βλέποντες τὸν καπνὸν τῆς πυρώσεως αὐτῆς λέγοντες Τίς ὁμοία τῇ πόλει τῇ μεγάλῃ;</p>
<p id="Luke.8.45">καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς Τίς ὁ ἁψάμενός μου;</p>
<p id="Matt.24.3">Καθημένου δὲ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους τῶν Ἐλαιῶν προσῆλθον αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ κατ’ ἰδίαν λέγοντες Εἰπὲ ἡμῖν, πότε ταῦτα ἔσται, καὶ τί τὸ σημεῖον τῆς σῆς παρουσίας καὶ συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος;</p>
<p id="1Pet.4.17">εἰ δὲ πρῶτον ἀφ’ ἡμῶν, τί τὸ τέλος τῶν ἀπειθούντων τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ εὐαγγελίῳ;</p>
<p id="Jas.2.15 Jas.2.16">ἐὰν ἀδελφὸς ἢ ἀδελφὴ γυμνοὶ ὑπάρχωσιν καὶ λειπόμενοι τῆς ἐφημέρου τροφῆς, εἴπῃ δέ τις αὐτοῖς ἐξ ὑμῶν Ὑπάγετε ἐν εἰρήνῃ, θερμαίνεσθε καὶ χορτάζεσθε, μὴ δῶτε δὲ αὐτοῖς τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τοῦ σώματος, τί τὸ ὄφελος;</p>
<p id="Mark.5.9">καὶ ἐπηρώτα αὐτόν Τί ὄνομά σοι;</p>
<p id="Acts.5.9">ὁ δὲ Πέτρος πρὸς αὐτήν Τί ὅτι συνεφωνήθη ὑμῖν πειράσαι τὸ Πνεῦμα Κυρίου; ἰδοὺ οἱ πόδες τῶν θαψάντων τὸν ἄνδρα σου ἐπὶ τῇ θύρᾳ καὶ ἐξοίσουσίν σε.</p>
<p id="Luke.2.49">καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς Τί ὅτι ἐζητεῖτέ με; οὐκ ᾔδειτε ὅτι ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Πατρός μου δεῖ εἶναί με;</p>
<p id="Acts.5.4">τί ὅτι ἔθου ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο;</p>
<p id="John.8.25">εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς Τὴν ἀρχὴν ὅ τι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν;</p>
<p id="Gal.2.17">εἰ δὲ ζητοῦντες δικαιωθῆναι ἐν Χριστῷ εὑρέθημεν καὶ αὐτοὶ ἁμαρτωλοί, ἆρα Χριστὸς ἁμαρτίας διάκονος;</p>
<p id="Rom.9.14">μὴ ἀδικία παρὰ τῷ θεῷ;</p>
<p id="Rom.3.5">μὴ ἄδικος ὁ Θεὸς ὁ ἐπιφέρων τὴν ὀργήν;</p>
<p id="Mark.12.26">περὶ δὲ τῶν νεκρῶν ὅτι ἐγείρονται, οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ Μωϋσέως ἐπὶ τοῦ Βάτου πῶς εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ Θεὸς λέγων Ἐγὼ ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Θεὸς Ἰακώβ;</p>
<p id="Jas.4.1">οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν, ἐκ τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν;</p>
<p id="Matt.21.25">τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ Ἰωάνου πόθεν ἦν; ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων;</p>
<p id="Mark.11.30">τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ Ἰωάνου ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἦν ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων; ἀποκρίθητέ μοι.</p>
<p id="Luke.20.3 Luke.20.4">ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς Ἐρωτήσω ὑμᾶς κἀγὼ λόγον, καὶ εἴπατέ μοι Τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάνου ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἦν ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων;</p>
<p id="Matt.7.4">ἢ πῶς ἐρεῖς τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου· Ἄφες ἐκβάλω τὸ κάρφος ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ σου, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἡ δοκὸς ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ σοῦ;</p>
<p id="2Cor.13.5">ἢ οὐκ ἐπιγινώσκετε ἑαυτοὺς ὅτι Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν;</p>
<p id="Rom.3.29">ἢ Ἰουδαίων ὁ Θεὸς μόνον;</p>
<p id="Luke.13.23">Εἶπεν δέ τις αὐτῷ Κύριε, εἰ ὀλίγοι οἱ σῳζόμενοι;</p>
<p id="Rom.4.9">ὁ μακαρισμὸς οὖν οὗτος ἐπὶ τὴν περιτομὴν ἢ καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν;</p>
<p id="Gal.3.21">ὁ οὖν νόμος κατὰ τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ;</p>
<p id="Rom.7.7">ὁ νόμος ἁμαρτία;</p>
<p id="Rom.6.16">οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ᾧ παριστάνετε ἑαυτοὺς δούλους εἰς ὑπακοήν, δοῦλοί ἐστε ᾧ ὑπακούετε, ἤτοι ἁμαρτίας εἰς θάνατον ἢ ὑπακοῆς εἰς δικαιοσύνην;</p>
<p id="Rom.6.15">ἁμαρτήσωμεν ὅτι οὐκ ἐσμὲν ὑπὸ νόμον ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ χάριν;</p>
ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες καὶ διηποροῦντο, ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλον λέγοντες, τί θέλει τοῦτο εἶναι;
http://jonathanrobie.biblicalhumanities.org/
Jonathan Robie
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Re: Omission of the copula

Post by Jonathan Robie »

Some examples of "τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοὶ" outside the New Testament:

https://scaife.perseus.org/search/?q=%2 ... tances&p=1

Epictetus, Discourses, Book 2 Chapter 19 Section 16 (2.19.16) edition

οὐκ ἄρας ξύλον ἐνσείσεις αὐτῷ; τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί, ἄνθρωπε; ἀπολλύμεθα καὶ σὺ ἐλθὼν παίζεις.

Acta Thomae, Acta Thomae, Section 45 (45) edition

(42) Τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοὶ ἀπόστολε τοῦ ὑψίστου; τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοὶ δοῦλε Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ; τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοὶ σύμβουλε τοῦ ἁγίου υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ; διὰ τί βούλει ἡμᾶς ἀπολέσαι τοῦ καιροῦ ἡμῶν μηδέπω ἐνεστῶτος; τίνος ἕνεκα βούλει λαβεῖν ἡμῶν τὴν ἐξουσίαν; ἕως γὰρ τῆς νῦν ὥρας εἴχομεν ἐλπίδα καὶ καιρὸν περιλειπόμενον. τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί;

Gellius, Aulus, Attic Nights, Book 1 Chapter 2 Section 11 (1.2.11) edition

δόγμα σαυτοῦ πεποίησαι. Δείκνυε πῶς εἴωθας ἐν πλοίῳ χειμάζεσθαι· γυμνάζεσθαι Arrian. μέμνησαι ταύτης τῆς διαιρέσεως, ὅταν ψοφήσῃ τὸ ἱστίον καὶ ἀνακραυγάσῃς. Ἄν σοί τις κακόσχολός πως παραστὰς εἴπῃ, λέγε μοι, τοὺς θεούς σοι, ἃ πρῴην ἔλεγες, μή τι κακία ἐστὶν τὸ ναυαγῆσαι; μήτι κακίας μετέχον; οὐκ ἄρα γυμνάζεσθαι, Arrian. ξύλον ἐνσείσεις αὐτῷ; τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί, ἄνθρωπε; ἀπολλύμεθα, καὶ σὺ ἐλθὼν ...

Eusebius of Caesarea, Demonstratio Evangelica, Book 4 Chapter 10 Section 13 (4.10.13) edition

τούτους μὲν οὖν ὡς οἰκείους ἀγγέλους τῆς αὐτοῦ δεομένους συμμαχίας ταύτῃ πη ἀνελάμβανε· τοὺς δέ γε πάλαι ἀμφὶ τὰς ἀνθρώπων διατριβὰς πωτωμένους, ἀφανῶς τε καὶ ἐμφανῶς τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς καταδυναστεύοντας δαίμονας ἀλιτηρίους, καὶ πνευμάτων ἀγρίων καὶ ἀπηνῶν γένη, τόν τε ἐν τούτοις τῆς κακίας ἐξάρχοντα, τὸν δεινὸν ἐκεῖνον καὶ ἀλάστορα, μεγάλῃ καὶ ἐνθέῳ δυνάμει τροπούμενος ἐχειροῦτο, ὡς τινὰς συναισθομένους αὐτῶν λέγειν‘‘ ἔα, τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοὶ, υἱὲ τοῦ θεοῦ; ἦλθες πρὸ καιροῦ βασανίσαι ἡμᾶς;”
ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες καὶ διηποροῦντο, ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλον λέγοντες, τί θέλει τοῦτο εἶναι;
http://jonathanrobie.biblicalhumanities.org/
Jonathan Robie
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Re: Omission of the copula

Post by Jonathan Robie »

ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες καὶ διηποροῦντο, ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλον λέγοντες, τί θέλει τοῦτο εἶναι;
http://jonathanrobie.biblicalhumanities.org/
Jean Putmans
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Re: Omission of the copula

Post by Jean Putmans »

Dear Robbie,

thanks!

I always forget Perseus!

This is exactly what I was looking for.

Regards,


Jean
Jean Putmans
Netherlands
gotischebibel.blogspot.com
Jean Putmans
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Re: Omission of the copula

Post by Jean Putmans »

Sorry,


not Robbie but Jonathan!!!
Jean Putmans
Netherlands
gotischebibel.blogspot.com
Jonathan Robie
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Re: Omission of the copula

Post by Jonathan Robie »

Jean Putmans wrote: September 20th, 2021, 11:13 am I always forget Perseus!
Great, I'm glad it was helpful! Please let us know what you learn.

Oh, one nit. I don't like the term "omission" of the copula. It wasn't omitted, it's just not there. It's not needed.
ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες καὶ διηποροῦντο, ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλον λέγοντες, τί θέλει τοῦτο εἶναι;
http://jonathanrobie.biblicalhumanities.org/
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