αὐτῇ Because the reflexive pronoun reflects the action back to the subject, it is not itself the subject, but is an an object of the verb.Jonathan Robie wrote:You seem to believe there is a significant difference between "congratulate" and "rejoice with" in English. Can you say a little about the distinction you see, and why you believe that this Greek word makes the same distinction?
The accent on the penult, is the only thing that distinguishes the demonstrative pronoun αὕτη from the third person pronoun αὐτή. Because the reflexive pronoun reflects the action back to the subject, it is not itself the subject, but is an an object of the verb. The dative case indicates to one or for whom the action occurs.
"μετ" A preposition is a word that usually occurs before a noun or a substantive in order to link that word to a preceding term as a modifer, depending on the thought being expressed by the author.
ὅτι is a conjunction, a particle that connects two clauses. NT writers frequently use ὅτι to introduce a clause that serves as the object.and what we make the subject of the Verb which follows ὅτι freq. stands in the preceding clause,
Naturally verbs meaning to free from, to separate, to deprive of, to hinder from, etc., use the ablative. ῥύομαι (Mt. 6:13),
A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research, A. T. Robertson
Accents are not included in the oldest uncial manuscripts of the GNT. The earliest of these to have any accents is the Cambridge manuscript D, dated ib the 6th Cent. A.D.
In the earliest use accents indicated changes in pitch. However, the different accents have come to signify no difference in sound value; they indicate only that one is to stress the accented syllable.James Hewett in New Testament Greek, A Beginning and Intermediate Grammar.
Thrax's τεχνη γραμματικη was developed into a system by Apollonius Dyscolus (ii/A.D.) and his son Herodian. Dionysius Thrax was born B.C. 166. Dyscolus wrote a systematic Gk. Syntax of accentuation in 20 books (known to us only in epitome) about 200 A.D.
There are no accent marks in the early inscriptions and papyri; in fact tradition ascribes the invention of these signs as a
system to Aristophanes of Byzantium in the third century B.C., though the beginnings appear in the preceding century. He and
his disciple, Aristarchus, made the rules at any rate. The Alexandrian grammarians developed these rules, which have shown a
marvellous tenacity even to the present day in the modern Greek, though, of course, some words would naturally vary in accent
with the centuries.The earlier use of accents and breathings was probably "for the text of poetry written in dialect"3 (cf. our reading-books for children). They were not written out "in ordinary prose till the times of minuscule writing," though Euthalius (A.D. 396) made use of them in his edition of the N. T.4 The Christian hymns early show signs of changing from tone (pitch) to stress as is the rule in modern Greek. Cf. Thumb, Handb., p. 6.
Krumb., Beitr. zu einer Gesch. der griech. Spr., Kuhn's Zeitschr. fur Sprachl., 1885, p. 521.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ACCENT IN THE κοινη. In Greek it is pitch, not stress, that is expressed by the accent, though in modern Greek the accents indicate stress. "In the ancient Sanskrit and the ancient Greek the rise and fall in musical tone was very marked." In English we are familiar with stress-accent. "Hadley has ably argued that the compass of tone used by the Greeks was a musical fifth, i.e. from C= do to G= sol, involving also the intermediate third or E= me." It was not a stronger current of breath, but a higher musical note that we have. It was in a word "das musikalische Moment." Hadley ("Nature and Theory of Gk. Accent," Essays Philol. and Crit., p. 111 f.) points out that προσ& δια comes from a root meaning ‘to sing’ (like the Latin accentus) and so οξ υς and βαρυς answer to our high and low pitch.
Arnold and Conway, The Restored Pronun. of Gk. and Lat., 1895, p. 18. and Schweizer, Perg. Inschr., p. 129.
There was not indeed uniformity among the dialects in the use of accent. They agreed only in the one point of not accenting further back than the third syllable from the end.
Aristotle was not α γραμματος; η γραμματικη then had to do with the letters and was exegetical.
F. Hoffmann, Uber die Entwickelung des Begriffs der Gr. bei den Alten, 1891, p. 1.
Plato does not treat grammar, though the substantive and the adjective are distinguished, but only dialectics, metaphysics, logic.Ib., p. 144. The early Gk. grammarians were "ohne richtiges historisches Bewusstsein" (Steinthal, Gesch. der Sprachw. etc., 1. Tl., 1863, p. 39). Even in Plato's Kratylus we do not see "das Gauze in seiner Ganzheit" (p. 40).
The Roman writers on grammar defined it as the "scientia recte loquendi et scribendi," and hence came nearer to the truth than did the Alexandrian writers with their Stoic philosophy and exegesis.
F. Blass, Hermen. und Krit., 1892, p. 157 f.
The blending of these dialects into the κοινη) was not complete as we shall see.
Moulton points out in his Prolegomena (p. 22). "I will go further and say that if we could only recover letters that ordinary people wrote to each other without being literary, we should have the greatest possible help for the understanding of the language of the N. T. generally" (Bishop Lightfoot, 1863, as quoted in Moulton's Prol., 2d and 3d ed., p. 242).
P. Giles A Short Man. of Comp. Philol., 1901.
It is no longer possible to say, what even Friedrich Blass did in 1894, that the N. T. Greek "is to be regarded something by itself and following laws of its own." That view is doomed in the presence of the papyri. Hatch in particular laboured under this error.
J. H. Moulton's Prol. to the N. T. Gk. Gr., 1906, and A. T. Robertson's
N. T. Syll., 1900, and Short Gr. of the Gk. N. T., 1908.
A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research, A. T. Robertson
Thumb's Handbuch. der griech. Dial. (1909) dialects
