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Action Alert: Stop factory farming and
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Alert, Issued: 10/14/98
Stop factory farming
and support sustainable livestock production
Comments needed on the Draft Unified National Strategy For Animal
Feeding Operations (AFOs)
The USDA and EPA are taking public comments on a "Draft Unified
National Strategy For Animal Feeding Operations (AFOs)." This Draft
Strategy is the overall blueprint for dealing with surface water pollution from
all AFOs, including large-scale, confined animal factory farms with more than
1,000 animal units. Both USDA and EPA acknowledge in the Draft Strategy that:
- factory farm operations are a source of significant surface and ground
water pollution problems and risks
- currently about 10,000 of these large-scale, factory farms are operating
without permits required under the Clean Water Act
Many animal feeding operations pose unacceptable risks to family
farms, the environment, the health of rural communities and to the water
resources upon which both rural and urban communities depend.
What you can do:
- Submit individual comments on the Draft Strategy. See Details Below. The
Draft Strategy is available on the Web at
http://www.epa.gov/cleanwater/afo/
and in the Federal Register, Vol. 63 at pp.50192-50209 (September 21, 1998).
Mail Comments to Denise C. Coleman, Program Analyst, Natural Resources
Conservation Service, ATTN: AFO, Box 2890, Washington, D.C. 20013-2890.
Comments must be received by January 19, 1999.
- Go to the Public Hearings (called "Listening Sessions") in Your
Region. Check the website for the Clean Water Network http://www.cwn.org and click on "What's New".
The Clean Water Network will post the times and places for the listening
sessions as soon as they are available. You can also contact the National
Campaign for Sustainable Agriculture for information on the listening sessions.
Email: campaign@magiccarpet.com
- Contact your local media, newspapers, radio, television, etc. and let them
know of your concerns about factory farms and the health and well-being of rural
communities. Provide them with the Campaign information Fact Sheets packet on
Factory Farms and the Draft Strategy, available November 1, 1998, or refer them
to the National Campaign for Sustainable Agriculture for more information.
What needs changing in the draft strategy
- Recommend Sustainable Alternatives to Factory Farms:
Many
large-scale factory farms handle massive amounts of animal waste with primitive,
open-air cesspool "lagoons" and sprayfields that contaminate
groundwater, streams, and the air. In many regions, these factory farms are
often crowded together on small land bases and animal waste is dumped on the
land at rates far exceeding those recommended as sound practice for agricultural
production. People in neighboring communities around the nation are vigorously
protesting the disruption to their lives and health from the stench and air
pollution and the fouling of drinking water and recreational water resources
caused by these factory farms.
The Draft Strategy acknowledges the roots of factory farming pollution
problems: the decoupling of animal production from feed production and the
concentration of large amounts of manure and wastewater on farms and in
watersheds. Yet, the Draft Strategy assumes, erroneously, that large-scale
factory farming is both inevitable and potentially sustainable, and recommends
the expenditure of large amounts of public funds for technical assistance and
cost-share money to encourage and subsidize factory farms and for a regulatory
system that will attempt to bandage over some of the excesses of a deeply flawed
production system.
Economic and environmentally-sound sustainable alternatives exist to
large-scale factory farms. The Draft Strategy should recommend that these
existing, truly sustainable livestock production practices be encouraged as
alternatives to factory farms.
- Require Individual Clean Water Act Permits, Instead of Rubber-Stamping
General Permits or Watershed Permits
The Draft Strategy
acknowledges that current regulations and standards for dealing with factory
farm pollution are inadequate, that a backlog of almost 10,000 operations need
Clean Water Act permits, and that many of these facilities are currently the
source of significant water pollution problems. The Draft Strategy proposes,
however, that most existing operations be regulated under a general permit
process, which does not give neighboring communities notice or an opportunity to
review and comment before the permit is granted. Most of these permits will be
issued in advance of proposed regulatory amendment and new requirements for
nutrient management plans, providing factory farms with rubber-stamp approval
to continue using large-scale, liquid manure storage facilities and land
application sprayfields. Proposed watershed permits may be even more
inadequate, allowing for a blanket approval of all factory farms packed into a
single watershed without adequate analysis of the cumulative impacts on the
watershed or sufficient public participation in the permitting process.
The Draft Strategy should be revised to require that existing
large-scale, liquid manure handling systems be phased out and these systems be
prohibited in any permit for new or expanding operations. In addition, a sound
Strategy should impose a moratorium on new or expanding factory farms, until
environmental impacts are assessed and adequate regulatory measures are adopted
for dealing with these impacts.
- Land Application of Animal Waste Should be Based on Sound Standards for
Water Quality Protection
The Draft Strategy represents a big step
forward in that both USDA and EPA now acknowledge that land application of
animal waste from factory farms should be regulated. The Draft Strategy,
however, depends heavily on USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
standards as the basis for Clean Water Act permits for factory farms, including
the standards for land application of animal waste. These NRCS standards,
however, may vary greatly from county to county and are in need of significant
revision and national guidance from USDA on their application. Although the
Draft Strategy calls for Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plans for factory
farms with permits, the Draft Strategy provides little detail as to what
standards will actually govern the content of these plans
The Draft Strategy should clarify that the standards for Comprehensive
Nutrient Management Plans will include both nitrogen and phosphorus limitations,
based on water quality protection, for land application of factory farm animal
waste. The Draft Strategy should also clarify the relationship between EPA's
effluent guidelines for land applied animal waste and the NRCS technical
standards for nutrient management. All permitted facilities should have a
Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan, which the public can review before the
permit is approved and whose implementation is a fully enforceable condition of
the permit.
- Impose Legal Liability and Financial Responsibility for Factory Farm
Pollution on Vertical Integrators
Vertical integrators are the
processing companies, which often own the animals raised on factory farms and
dictate operating conditions on the factory farms. The vertical integrators are
the fat cats in the factory farm system, but the Draft Strategy allows vertical
integrators to dodge any financial or legal responsibility for a factory farm
system that has made them billions of dollars in profits. The entire financial
burden for dealing with factory farm pollution in the integrated systems falls
on contract farmers and the taxpayers. This is a double blow for independent
livestock producers who must compete with companies that can dodge financial
responsibility for the problems they cause and who will also pay taxes to
subsidize the costs of cleaning up the mess left by the factory farm production
system.
The Draft Strategy should require that vertical integrators who own
the animals in factory farms and/or dictate the conditions for operation of
factory farms be legally liable and financially responsible for factory farm
pollution. Action Alert issued by:
National Campaign for Sustainable Agriculture
P.O. Box 396
Pine Bush, NY 12566
Phone: 914-744-8448 Fax: 914-74-8477
campaign@magiccarpet.com
©1998 Committee for Sustainable
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