Part Three
The Naval Establishment [793]

[See also: U.S. Government Manual, 1945--Navy Department.
Online versions of many of these documents can be found on HyperWar.]

NOTE: The location information given in this publication is obsolete. Although copies of some documents may have been retained in the various commands, the vast majority of documents have been transferred to the National Archives, primarily the Modern Military Records Branch at College Park, MD. Additional records may be located at the various branches of the Archives. --HyperWar

The United States Naval Establishment during World War II was made up of three basic elements: The operating forces under the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet; the Navy Department; and the Shore Establishment.

The operating forces consisted of the fleet, air, and amphibious forces (including the Navy, the Marine Corps, and the Coast Guard) that were assigned to the command of fleet and sea-frontier commanders, and the personnel who manned the forces. These operating forces engaged in land, sea, and air combat and gained the control of the seas that was essential to the defeat of the enemy. The other two elements of the Naval Establishment existed as agents for the administrative and logistic support of the operating forces.

The Navy Department served as the Washington headquarters office of the Naval Establishment. Under the administration of the Secretary of the Navy, who was legally responsible for the formulation of naval policy, the Navy Department fixed all policy for the Naval Establishment and directed the administrative and logistic functioning of the Shore Establishment.

The Shore Establishment was made up of the approximately 7,200 field "activities" of the Navy Department, such as navy yards, repair facilities, air stations, ordnance plants, ordnance depots, purchasing offices, supply depots, receiving stations, training centers, medical storehouses, testing stations, and research laboratories. These field activities were distributed throughout the United States and outlying territories, for maintenance, supply, equipment, repair, and similar functions in support of the operating forces. In the performance of these functions the Shore Establishment was under a complex administrative control that consisted of the general administrative direction of the Secretary of the Navy, the technical and managerial-supervision of the appropriate bureaus of the Navy Department, and the military command of the commanders of Naval Districts under the administration of the Chief of Naval Operations.

These three basic elements of the Naval Establishment are discussed in: separate sections that follow. For convenience of reference, however, the components of the Shore Establishment are discussed in greater detail as

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field activities of the Navy bureaus, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard that had cognizance over them.

Records of the Naval Establishment [794]

During World War II, a war unparalleled in the complexity of instruments of warfare, the extent of operations, problems of logistic supply, and the intricacy of naval organization and command, the elements of the Naval Establishment created an enormous volume of records. Efficient procedures in the creation, control, and use of records were important in the successful prosecution of the war, particularly in its command and logistic aspects.

Records of the Naval Establishment, other than such records as contracts, specifications, plans, and officers' personnel records, which were usually filed numerically, and civilian and enlisted personnel files, which were usually filed alphabetically, were arranged according to the Navy Filing Manual. This Manual was approved by the Secretary of the Navy on July 5, 1923, and by 1927 it had been generally adopted throughout the Naval Establishment with the exception of the Marine Corps. It was issued in revised editions in 1931, 1939, and 1941, and further minor revisions were made during the war.

The Manual provides for the arrangement of records by subject groups and by name-title groups. The 7 subject groups are: A, Administration; F, Aircraft material; H, Hydrography, meteorology, navigation, and astronomy; L, Logistics; N, Shore establishments; P, Personnel; and S, Ships. Each of these groups is broken down into subgroups by the use of numerical symbols. Thus N31 represents shore establishment weight-handling equipment, and N31-16 represents a special type of such equipment--lifting magnets. The name-title group consists of 24 categories of letter symbols that, combined with numerical symbols, afford a symbol for each ship, organization, and installation in the naval service. This group begins with the symbols AB through AZ for designating auxiliary vessels, and ends with ZK through ZZ for representing lighter-than-air craft. In the first category, AE represents a special type of auxiliary vessel, ammunition ships; AE7 represents a specific ammunition ship, the Henry Gibbins[A curious choice: the Henry Gibbins was the one vessel of this type that served in the Army in WWII! --HyperWar]. By a combination of subject symbols and name-title symbols, a more minute classification grouping can be achieved. The symbol NY, for example, represents naval shipyards, and NY5 represents the Norfolk Naval Shipyard. Norfolk Shipyard repairs to lifting magnets would be represented by the symbol NY5/N31-16. The Manual includes an index of names, subjects, and titles that is helpful to the classifier in determining the exact symbol to be applied.

Records administration. [794a]--Throughout the war, records were created and accumulated by the various offices and bureaus of the Navy Department, the individual activities of the Shore Establishment, and the various air, submarine, and surface craft squadrons, forces, and commands comprising the operating forces. These records were handled in accordance with the naval records administration program, administered

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successively by Lt. Comdr. Emmett J. Leahy and Commander Herbert E. Angel. Comprehensive schedules for the disposition of records throughout the Naval Establishment were prepared and put into effect. According to these schedules, copies of which are in the National Archives, the records of the war period are disposed of by any one of several methods. They may be retained indefinitely in the office of origin or custody; transferred to a naval records management center for a specified period and subsequently, depending on their value, either destroyed or transferred to the National Archives; transferred directly to the National Archives; or destroyed in the office of origin or custody at the expiration of a stated period.

An important role in the naval records management program is played by the five naval records management centers, at Garden City, Long Island, N.Y.; Mechanicsburg, Pa.; Arlington, Va.; New Orleans, La.; and San Bruno, Calif. Each of these centers serves as a regional depository for the noncurrent records of specified Naval Districts, and in some of them are concentrated certain types of records of the whole Naval Establishment. In the Garden City Center are the wartime records of the First and Third Naval Districts, the personnel and health records of former naval personnel, and noncurrent hospital and clinical records. In the Mechanicsburg Center are the wartime records of the Fourth and Fifth Naval Districts and some records of the Thirteenth Naval District; the personnel, health, and pay records of former civilian personnel; inspection contract records; engineering drawings of the Bureau of Aeronautics; and the records of Flag Commands of World War II. In the Arlington Center are the wartime records of the Potomac River Naval Command, the Severn River Naval Command, and the offices and bureaus of the Navy Department. In the New Orleans Center are the wartime records of the Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Fifteenth Naval Districts, the records of overseas bases of the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Caribbean Areas, and the records of ships that served during the war in those Areas. In the San Bruno Center are the wartime records of the Eleventh, Twelfth, Fourteenth, and Seventeenth Naval Districts, some records of the Thirteenth Naval District, the records of overseas bases in the Pacific Area, and the records of ships that served during the war in that Area. Some wartime records of Naval Districts are also in the National Archives.

See Committee on Naval Affairs, Investigations of the Progress of the War Effort, 1-138 (1944. 78th Cong., 2d sess., H. Rept. 2056); and Robert G. Albion, "The Administration of the Navy, 1798-1945," in Public Administration Review, 5: 293-302 (Autumn 1945).

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY [795]

The position of Secretary of the Navy, also known as SecNav in recent years, was provided for in 1798 when the Department of the Navy was established by Congress. During World War II, as in earlier years, the Secretary of the Navy was responsible by law for the supervision and direction of the entire Naval Establishment, and he, in turn, was directly

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responsible to the President as Commander in Chief of the armed forces of the United States. During the war the post of Secretary of the Navy was held successively by Charles Edison, Frank Knox, and James V. Forrestal.

The principal civilian executive assistants of the Secretary in the administration and business management of the Naval Establishment were the Under Secretary of the Navy, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Air. The successive Under Secretaries of the Navy during the war were James V. Forrestal, Ralph A. Bard, and Artemus L. Gates. The successive Assistant Secretaries were Charles Edison, Lewis Compton, Ralph A. Bard, and H. Struve Hensel. The successive Assistant Secretaries for Air were Artemus L. Gates and John L. Sullivan.

The specific duties and responsibilities assumed by the Secretary or assigned by him to his assistants varied from time to time, as the Secretary made allocations of duties on the basis of the special interests and abilities of the men holding the offices. In July 1945 the Secretary assigned duties and responsibilities in the following pattern. For himself he assumed, in addition to the over-all administration of the Naval Establishment, direct supervision of certain units of the Executive Office of the Secretary as shown below. To the Under Secretary he delegated the direction of all affairs of the Naval Establishment concerning naval and civilian personnel; labor relations in the plants of private contractors; the general administration and control of the Establishment, including shore establishments; and direct supervision over certain units of the Executive Office of the Secretary, described below. To the Assistant Secretary he delegated the direction of all affairs of the Establishment relating to materials, except naval petroleum and petroleum reserves, and to matériel. This matériel function included the development, production, procurement, and disposition of matériel and facilities for its manufacture. To the Assistant Secretary he also gave direct supervision over other units of the Executive Office of the Secretary that are described below. To the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Air he delegated the direction of all affairs of the Establishment relating to aeronautics, including the coordination of naval aeronautics with aeronautical activities of other agencies of the Government; direction of naval activities relating to petroleum reserves; and naval participation in the Aeronautical Board.

The principal naval professional assistants to the Secretary of the Navy were (1) the command assistant, who was the Chief of Naval Operations and at the same time, from March 12, 1942, to September 29, 1945, the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet; (2) the technical assistants, who were the chiefs of the several bureaus of the Navy Department; (3) the Commandant, United States Marine Corps; and (4) the Commandant, United States Coast Guard. The organizational units supervised by these officials are described later in this volume.

Records.--The unclassified records of the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, including those of the Under Secretary, the Assistant Secretary, and the Assistant Secretary for Air, are in the general files of the Office, and with them were filed also the records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations until July 1942. For the period 1939-June 1942 (450 feet), these

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records are in the National Archives. Beginning in July 1942, the unclassified correspondence of the Secretary was maintained separately. This correspondence, July-Dec. 1942, is in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Upon the establishment of the Executive Office of the Secretary late in 1942, the general correspondence of the Secretary of the Navy and his civilian executive assistants became a part of the central files of that Office.

The classified correspondence of the Office of the Secretary was interfiled with the correspondence of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. These records, 1939-42 (450 feet), are in the Division of Naval Records and History, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

Executive Office of the Secretary [796]

This Office, also known as EXOS, was established by direction of the Secretary of the Navy on December 17, 1942. In it were placed the offices, divisions, and boards that had been created to assist the Secretary of the Navy and his civilian executive assistants in the discharge of their functions and responsibilities. The units that constituted the Executive Office of the Secretary are separately discussed below, according to the organizational pattern of July 1945.

Records.--The unclassified general correspondence of the Executive Office of the Secretary, 1943-45, is in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. It includes the more important records of most of the units and boards within the Office. Some of these units, however, such as the Office of the Judge Advocate General and the Office of the Chief of Procurement and Material, maintained their own central files. The classified general correspondence of the Executive Office was interfiled with that of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. These records, 1943-45 (600 feet), are in the Division of Naval Records and History, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

Offices Supervised by the Secretary

Office of Budget and Reports [797]

This Office was established on January 4, 1941, and this action was confirmed by the Naval Appropriation Act for that year (55 Stat. 680). The new Office took over the functions of the Central Statistical Division and the Budget Office, both of which were abolished. It prepared estimates for and put into effect the Navy Department's budget. It analyzed and integrated the preliminary budget estimates of the several offices and bureaus of the Department. After funds had been appropriated by Congress, the Office revised the budgetary program to fit the allotted funds and supervised the execution of the program. The Office also coordinated and analyzed statistical data received from the offices and bureaus of the Navy Department and from other sources.

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Records.--Some of the wartime budget estimates of the Office (60 feet) are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Comprehensive summaries of others, in permanent ledgers, are in the Office. Records of the Office, 1941-45 (25 feet), relating to the naval lend-lease program, personnel strength, and ship construction, are in the National Archives. An unpublished history of the Office is in the Division of Naval Records and History.

Office of the Fiscal Director [798]

This Office, which was established on December 2, 1944, succeeded to fiscal functions that were handled by several offices earlier in the war. It formulated policies and procedures for and coordinated and supervised the budgeting, accounting, and auditing activities of the Navy Department. The Fiscal Director was assisted by a unit of the Office of Budget and Reports, which prescribed the form and method of preparing appropriation estimates by bureaus and offices, determined the relative importance of bureau budget estimates, prepared and submitted annual budgets to the Bureau of the Budget, and supervised the Navy's participation in hearings on budget estimates. A representative of the Office of the General Counsel was assigned to assist the Fiscal Director in legal matters pertaining to the fiscal aspects of procurement.

Records.--The general files, budget estimates, and other records of the Office of the Fiscal Director, 1944-45, are in that Office.

Office of Naval History [799]

This Office, established on July 12, 1944, and headed by the Director of Naval History, was responsible for coordinating the widely distributed work of the Navy Department in preparing histories of the wartime activities of the Naval Establishment. The preparation of a history of naval operations had been authorized by the Secretary on June 9, 1942, and the recording of the wartime administrative experiences of the Department had been ordered by the Assistant Secretary on February 25, 1943. The program included the preparation by Samuel E. Morison of a 14-volume history of naval operations during the war, 4 volumes of which were published before the end of 1949, and a 4-volume history of the Naval Establishment from 1798 to 1948, by Robert G. Albion.

Records.--The administrative records of the Office and the records collected by it are in the custody of the successor Division of Naval Records and History. Among them is a file, 1943-45, relating to naval history, which contains memoranda, correspondence, and directives concerning reports on progress in the preparation of administrative histories, liaison with Army historical projects, and publication of naval administrative histories; administrative historical data; reference files of surveys, reports, and combat narratives; records of the naval representative at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference and the San Francisco Conference of the United Nations, including organizational material and transcripts of proposals, discussions, and comments;

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typed copies of administrative histories. edited by the Office from drafts submitted by offices, bureaus, Naval Districts, shore activities, and naval commands, with related source materials; and a reference file of materials used to prepare the administrative histories of mine-craft units and of fleet operations.

See Office of Naval History, Histories of World War II (1946. 10 p., processed); and Archibald D. Turnbull, "Naval History: World War II," in United States Naval Institute, Proceedings, 73:309-315 (Mar. 1947).

Office of Public Information [800]

This Office was established as the Office of Public Relations on May 1, 1941, and took over the duties of the former Public Relations Branch of the Naval Intelligence Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. On June 18, 1945, its name was changed to the Office of Public Information, but it was later renamed the Office of Public Relations. The Office was administered by the Director of Public Information, who initiated public information policies and programs for the Naval Establishment and supervised liaison with the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, other Government agencies, and organizations for the dissemination of public information. He was assisted by the Liaison Officer, who kept in close touch with the motion-picture and network radio industries on the west coast.

The Office of Public Information released communiques, news items, memoranda, and casualty lists to the press; reviewed for security purposes photographs, newspaper and magazine articles, and radio and motion-picture scripts; furnished material upon request for use in magazine articles and speeches; released official Navy photographs and motion pictures; gave technical assistance in the preparation of radio programs and motion pictures relating to the Navy; promoted Navy recruiting programs; and replied to requests from the public for information relating to the Naval Establishment. Public Information Offices were set up in Naval Districts, at many shore stations, and at fleet headquarters. After the outbreak of hostilities reporters and photographers were sent out with virtually every important task force and other unit of the Navy.

In June 1945 the Office included the following branches and sections. The Program Planning Branch planned major public information services and kept itself informed of their status and effectiveness. The Media Branch scheduled the daily flow of news and publicity through the media of public information and coordinated the development of approved programs. It had Press, Radio Program, Pictorial, Magazine and Book, and Motion Picture Sections. The Technical Service Branch formulated procedures governing the clearance with the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, of news and publicity releases; recommended revisions in security policies; maintained publicity reference material; prepared historical and biographical data; and represented the Director in radio-communications matters.

Records.--The following wartime records of the Office are in the Division of Naval Records and History or elsewhere in the Office of the Chief of Naval

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Operations: Biographical information about naval officers (250 feet); prints of more than 2,000 paintings by artists who accompanied naval forces and recorded on canvas the combat and operational activities they witnessed; newspaper clippings, pictures, and other material relating to the launching of naval vessels; a master file of Navy Department press releases; Navy Department communiques and communiques from the Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet; and transcriptions of conferences and meetings held by the Secretary of the Navy or under his auspices. In the Office of Public Relations are more than 40,000 photographs representing a comprehensive pictorial record of the Navy's participation in the war.

In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., are the following: The general files of the Office, 1941-45, relating to all aspects of its work; scripts of radio programs sponsored by the Office, 1941-45; a master file of radio transcription disks produced by the Office, 1941-45; a series of correspondence and related materials, 1941-45, containing scripts and other documents dealing with commercial motion-picture and newsreel coverage, commercial feature films pertinent to the Navy, and Navy-sponsored newsreels and shorts; and press clippings, 1943-45, relating to Navy activities.

Records of the Office in the National Archives include brief historical narratives concerning some 750 individual ships of the Navy that were active in World War II (1 foot); Navy Department press releases, 1939-41 (3 feet); photographs relating to the Navy, 1939-43 (2 feet); motion pictures of the Atlantic Charter meeting of President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill, August 1941 (8 reels); and a motion picture of the Battle of Midway, 1942 (2 reels).

Photographs accumulated during the war by Public Information Offices in the field are in the naval records management center nearest to each Office.

Office of Research and Inventions [801]

This Office was created on May 19, 1945, by the consolidation of the Office of the Coordinator of Research and Development and the Office of Patents and Inventions.

The Office of the Coordinator of Research and Development was established on July 12, 1941. It advised the Secretary of the Navy on naval research and development; provided information to the offices and bureaus of the Navy Department regarding the research activities of other agencies; arranged for representation of the Navy on nonnaval boards, committees, and councils dealing with research; planned coordinated programs of research; and supervised the handling of correspondence regarding suggestions and inventions submitted by individuals to the Office of the Secretary of the Navy. The Coordinator of Research and Development served as Chairman of the Naval Research and Development Board, on which the bureaus of the Navy Department were represented. He was the Navy Department's representative on the Advisory Council of the Office of Scientific Research and Development and was the liaison officer for the Navy Department with the National Research Council. He designated officers from his staff to serve

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as Navy Department members on the National Inventors Council, the National Defense Research Committee, and other committees having to do with research.

The Office of Patents and Inventions was established in the Executive Office of the Secretary on October 19, 1944. It took over the functions formerly exercised by the Division of Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Office of the Judge Advocate General relating to patents, trade-marks, and the like, and it correlated these matters with the research and development activities of the Navy.

When the Office of Research and Inventions was set up it was made responsible for the coordination of all naval research, experimental, developmental, and test activities. It maintained a continuous survey of research and developmental work carried on by other governmental agencies, corporations, and educational and scientific institutions; supervised and administered activities within or on behalf of the Department relating to patents, inventions, trade-marks, copyrights, royalty payments, and similar matters; conducted scientific research and experimentation to increase the safety and efficiency of the fleet; and developed prototypes, initiated the development, and expedited the production, delivery, and distribution of synthetic training equipment and special devices. During the last few months of the war, the Office had jurisdiction over the Naval Research Laboratory, which from July 1941 to May 1945 was administered by the Bureau of Ships. On August 1, 1946, the Office was formally established by an act of Congress as the Office of Naval Research (60 Stat. 779).

Records.--The general files of the Office, 1941-45 (50 feet), including those of its predecessors, are in the Office of Naval Research. Active files pertaining to patents, inventions, copyrights, and contracts are also in that Office. Records of the Office of Research and Inventions in the National Archives include correspondence concerning inventions, 1939-44, and inactive case files of patent applications, containing photostats, blueprints, drawings, and other documents, 1943-45. An unpublished history of the Office of Research and Inventions is in the Division of Naval Records and History.

Offices Supervised by the Under Secretary

Administrative Office [802]

This Office was established on July 1, 1941, under the immediate supervision of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy. It was later transferred to the Under Secretary, to whom matters relating to the business administration of the Naval Establishment were delegated. Under the immediate supervision of the Administrative Officer, it assisted in the general administration and business management of the Department. It was responsible for management services, including "housekeeping" activities, warehousing, building security, transportation, rationing, and civilian pay rolls and welfare, and for the general function of increasing the efficiency and economy of office operation. The Office also acted in a staff capacity to the

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Naval Establishment on printing and publications control, records management, microfilm programs (except V-mail), and office-space organization. Two of the original units of the Administrative Office, the Office of the Management Engineer and the Division of Personnel Supervision and Management, were in 1944 transferred from the Office. They were described below in their status of July 1945. Other units that remained within the Office are mentioned immediately below.

The Space Planning and Control Office controlled the planning, assignment, and use of space occupied by the Navy Department in and near the District of Columbia. The Supply and Equipment Division supervised the purchase, storage, inventory, and issuance of supplies and equipment for the Department. The Publications Division had charge of policies and procedures for the preparation, editing, and distribution of printed and processed matter, including blank forms. The Office of Mail Coordination was responsible for the coordination and operation of the Navy Department mail organization and for the operation of the Fleet Post Office, which handled the incoming and outgoing mail of the Department. The Office of Communications Coordinator analyzed the internal communication facilities of the Navy Department, coordinated them with the requirements of the several offices and bureaus of the Department, and provided telephone services for the Department.

The Office of Provost Marshal was responsible for the security of Navy Department buildings, property, and grounds and for fire prevention and control and air-raid protection. The Transportation Division studied the transportation needs of the Department in the metropolitan area of Washington, provided scheduled transportation over regular routes, maintained a car pool for other transportation, and assisted personnel of the Department in matters relating to gasoline rationing, car pooling, and obtaining adequate transportation from public utilities. The Administrative Division provided office-management services relating to personnel, space, supplies, files, publications, mail, communications, and security to the Office of the Secretary, the Executive Office of the Secretary, and the Headquarters Staff of the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet. The Office of Records Administration is discussed below.

Records.--The records of the Administrative Office reflect the varied functions, largely "housekeeping," that were performed by its component offices and divisions. In the Office are its general files, 1939-45, relating to its organization, administrative development, policies, and operation; and reports of surveys by a firm of management engineers, 1941-42, concerning the operations of the Navy Department and its administrative relationships with the field, including recommendations for revised organization and procedures for the Naval Establishment. General correspondence of the Publications Division, 1939-45, relating to policies and procedures in printing and processing activities throughout the Naval Establishment, is in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Important records relating to the Office are in the central files of the Executive Office of the Secretary (see entry 796).

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Office of Records Administration [803]

This Office was responsible for the planning, coordination, and improvement of records administration throughout the Naval Establishment, including systems, methods, and procedures pertaining to the creation, organization, service, preservation, microfilming, destruction, and transfer of custody of records. Established on October 10, 1941, as the Office of Records Coordination, it was renamed the Office of Records Administration on September 1, 1942, and after the war it became the Office Methods Branch of the Administrative Office.

Records.--Records of the Office that are in the Office Methods Branch include job folders, 1939-45, concerning records-disposal lists and schedules and transfers of records to the National Archives; records relating to the purchase and rental of microfilm equipment and supplies; disposal control forms of the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., 1939-45; job registers, listing records accessioned by the Center and including descriptions and sources of records, their location and volume, and estimates of the space, personnel, and equipment released as a result of the accessions; requests by Navy Department bureaus for transfers of records to the Center, with related papers; and forms, correspondence, and reports relating to the preparation and submission of budget estimates, 1939-45. Included also is a file of precepts issued to convene each board and committee in the Naval Establishment, 1939-45, with a list of its members, a statement of its functions, and related papers. Card lists of such boards and committees, 1941-46 (1 foot), are in the National Archives.

In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., is the general correspondence of the Office of Records Administration, 1939-45, relating to appropriations, equipment, clerical procedures, transportation of records, in-service training, and the operation and administration of the Office.

Division of Shore Establishments and Civilian Personnel [804]

This Division was established on January 20, 1944, as a consolidation of two existing units of the Executive Office of the Secretary, the Shore Establishments Division and the Division of Personnel Supervision and Management of the Administrative Office. It was responsible to the Under Secretary for the administration of civilian personnel policy and procedures in the departmental service and shore establishments of the Navy Department.

The Shore Establishments Division, which was established in 1921, conducted the Department's administration of navy yards and naval stations. It had cognizance of the following activities of naval shore establishments: Administration, organization, and management; civilian personnel and labor; complements of officers; buildings, grounds, shops, power plants, service lines, and rolling stock; manufacturing processes; cost analysis; inspections; and the assignment of available funds and labor at navy yards and naval stations.

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The Division of Personnel Supervision and Management, which was made a part of the Administrative Office on its establishment on July 1, 1941, supervised civilian-personnel administration and training in the Navy Department and its field service; handled grievances of employees and presented recommendations for their settlement; and administered regulations regarding removal, retirement, leave, selective service, and other matters affecting civilian personnel, including the granting of financial aid to dependents of employees missing, beleaguered, or captured by the enemy. The Director of Civilian Personnel served as a member of the Council of Personnel Administration of the Civil Service Commission and acted as liaison officer in civilian personnel matters between the Navy Department and the Commission.

The Division of Shore Establishments and Civilian Personnel was responsible to the Under Secretary of the Navy for the administration of civilian-personnel policy and procedures in both the departmental service and the shore establishments of the Navy Department. In order that uniform standards might be adopted and maintained throughout the Naval Establishment, the Division promulgated and administered regulations governing personnel administration and labor utilization and supply. It also assisted in the administration of labor relations, including industrial manpower, labor supply, deferments, and training, at plants working on naval contracts and subcontracts. It worked closely with the Navy Department bureaus and shore establishments, the War Department, the Selective Service System, the Civil Service Commission, and the Bureau of the Budget.

On September 14, 1945, the Division become the Office of Industrial Relations and continued as one of the units of the Executive Office of the Secretary.

Records.--The wartime general correspondence and related materials of the Shore Establishments Division and the Division of Personnel Supervision and Management for the period before July 1942 are in the National Archives interfiled with other records in the central files of the Office of the Secretary of the Navy. Later records of the two Divisions and the successor Division of Shore Establishments and Civilian Personnel, July 1942-45, are also in the National Archives. Included in these records are reports relating to safety programs at naval industrial establishments. Wartime records of the Division relating to administrative services, selective service, and the employment and efficiency of civilian personnel are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. An unpublished history of the work of the Director of Civilian Personnel is in the Division of Naval Records and History.

Industrial Survey Division [805]

This Division was organized on June 20, 1944, just as the Navy Manpower Survey Board (see entry 841) was completing its work. It was originally under the Secretary's immediate supervision but was later assigned to the Under Secretary. It kept the Secretary informed regarding

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the efficiency of industrial operations at the shore establishments of the Navy, the Marine Corps, and the Coast Guard, including the effectiveness of their utilization of personnel engaged in industrial work. The Division made several inspections of industrial activities during the war and presented its survey reports, with observations and recommendations, to the Secretary for consideration and approval, after which they were forwarded to the cognizant bureaus for appropriate action.

Records.--The records of the Division, including reports prepared in the course of its work, are in the successor Industrial Survey Division of the Inspector General's Office, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

Office of the Management Engineer [806]

This Office was organized as part of the Administrative Office, and the Management Engineer reported for duty on March 27, 1942. On January 5, 1944, the Office of the Management Engineer became a separate office in the Executive Office of the Secretary under the immediate supervision of the Assistant Secretary. On September 1, 1944, it was made responsible to the Under Secretary, and it continued in this relationship for the rest of the war. The Office was under the direction of the Management Engineer, who served as a management consultant and adviser to the Secretary and his staff. It assisted the several offices and bureaus of the Navy Department in evaluating their organizational structure, analyzing the distribution of functions among organizational units, determining the adequacy of their facilities and the need for personnel and equipment, appraising their management methods and administrative procedures, and eliminating unnecessary work and the duplication of functions and activities. It was responsible for the development of adequate organizational structures in the offices and bureaus, the coordination of management effort, the elimination of nonessential work, the simplification of essential work, and the best possible utilization of personnel. These responsibilities were effected by Department-wide management programs and specialized surveys and analyses.

Records.--The records of the Office of the Management Engineer are in its possession, except for some correspondence, reports, directives, and other materials relating to the elimination of unnecessary paper work, 1942-43 (13 feet), which are in the National Archives.

Office of the Judge Advocate General [807]

[See "The Judge Advocate General and the General Counsel" in Furer, Rear Adm. Julius A., USN (Ret.), Administration of the Navy Department in World War II (Washington: GPO, 1959)

This Office, established by an act of Congress in 1880, had cognizance of all major phases of military, administrative, and general law incident to the operation of the Naval Establishment during World War II. Directed by the Judge Advocate General of the Navy, the Office was under the supervision of the Under Secretary except for its functions relating to taxation, settlement of claims, and legislation regarding nonpersonnel matters, which functions were under the supervision of the Assistant Secretary. The successive Judge Advocates General during the war were Rear Admirals Walter B. Woodson and Thomas L. Gatch. The Office had several

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special staff consultants and assistants, who provided legal consulting service to naval personnel, made staff studies and recommendations on major phases of legal work and procedures, and served as representatives of the Navy in the War Crimes Office (see entry 779) to investigate and assemble evidence on enemy atrocities against service personnel and other United States citizens and to arrange for the prosecution of war criminals.

The legal functions of the Office relating to patents, trade-marks, and copyrights were transferred in October 1944 to the Office of Patents and Inventions, which later became part of the Office of Research and Inventions (see entry 801). In January 1945 the Office of the Judge Advocate General consisted of the three divisions separately discussed below.

Records.--The security-classified general records of the Office, 1939-45, interfiled with those of the Office of the Secretary of the Navy and the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, are in the Division of Naval Records and History, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. The unclassified general records of the Office of the Judge Advocate General, 1939-June 1942, which were interfiled with similar records of the Office of the Secretary, are in the National Archives. Beginning in July 1942 the Office of the Judge Advocate General kept its own central files of unclassified correspondence and other records. This series, July 1942-45 (300 feet), is in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. It contains correspondence and related documents pertaining to the legal aspects of Navy operations, administration, organization, and discipline and to the role of the Judge Advocate General as principal legal adviser to the Secretary of the Navy. Also in the Center at Arlington are records of general courts martial, courts of inquiry, and boards of investigation, 1943-45; records of summary courts martial, 1939-45; record cards of deck and summary courts martial, 1939-45; case files pertaining to investigations of the Naval Establishment by congressional committees, 1939-45; and settled admiralty claims, 1939-45. An unpublished history of the Office of the Judge Advocate General is in the Division of Naval Records and History.

Records of the Office of the Judge Advocate General in the National Archives, besides the general orders mentioned above, include the proceedings of general courts martial, courts of inquiry, and boards of investigation, 1939-42; and patent-case files, 1939-42.

In the Office of the Judge Advocate General are docket books for contracts made by units of the Secretary's Office, 1939-45, each docket showing the type and date of contract, the name of the contractor, a serial number, the amount of money involved, and the name of the Navy contracting officer; case files on claims, 1939-45, which contain correspondence, reports, exhibits, diagrams, statements of witnesses, and other data relating to claims by individuals against the Navy in excess of $1,000 for the settlement of which special legislation was required; records relating to the charter and purchase of vessels by the Navy from private owners, 1939-45; tax-case files, 1939-45, which contain correspondence, legal opinions, memoranda, exhibits, and statistics relating to efforts by the Navy Department to recover payments of State or Federal taxes assessed against private contractors

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performing work under Navy contracts; indexes to proceedings of courts of inquiry and boards of investigation, 1939-45; general-courts-martial summary cards, 1939-45; and a "spot file," 1939-45, showing derogatory involvement of officers through naval legal action and used in action on promotions and other personnel matters.

Military Law Division [808]

This Division reviewed for legal sufficiency the records of all courts martial, boards of investigation, courts of inquiry, boards dealing with promotion, retiring, and selection, and boards of medical examiners; prepared precepts convening general courts martial, boards of investigation, and courts of inquiry; prepared charges and specifications for general courts martial; and initiated action to correct legal and procedural errors in the administration of military justice.

Records.--See entry 807.
[See HyperWar for related materials.]

Administrative Law Division [809]

This Division advised and prepared opinions on questions of administrative law, including the status, appointment, promotion, and discharge of naval and civilian personnel; dealt with civilian authorities on legal matters affecting naval personnel; prepared opinions and advised on pay and allowances for naval personnel; and maintained liaison with the General Accounting Office and the Veterans' Administration. It supervised the compilation, printing or processing, and distribution of legal issuances of the Office, maintained liaison with the Division of the Federal Register in the National Archives, and administered the Navy's law library.

Records.--See entry 807.

General Law Division [810]

This Division negotiated the settlement of claims for damages caused by naval vessels; prepared defense in litigated cases; advised and maintained liaison with offices of the Navy Department affected by problems of international law; advised on legal questions incident to foreign claims, leased-base agreements, the military government of occupied areas, prisoners of war, and jurisdiction of foreign civil authorities over naval personnel; and maintained liaison with the War Department on questions of international law. It supervised legal assistance for naval personnel throughout the Naval Establishment and provided legal assistance to naval personnel in the Washington area. It also prepared and proposed action to adjust and settle tax problems arising from action by Federal, State, and local tax authorities.

Records.--See entry 807.

Office of War Savings Bonds [811]

This Office was originally set up in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy during the summer of 1941 to promote the sale of defense bonds and savings stamps. Later, as part of the Executive Office of the

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Secretary, it was under the supervision of the Under Secretary. Field offices were established in the Naval District, at many shore establishments, and within the fleet units in order to promote the sale of war bonds by allotment, pay-roll deduction, and cash-payment plans. The Office was responsible for the appointment of war bond promotional officers and issuing agents at Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard activities. After August 20, 1945, the administrative functions of the Office were absorbed by the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, but the promotional functions were retained in the Executive Office of the Secretary of the Navy.

Records.--The headquarters records of the Office, 1941-45 (150 feet), are in the successor Office of Savings Bonds, in the Executive Office of the Secretary. They consist of administrative records and correspondence and financial and statistical reports from the field offices that sold and distributed bonds during the war. Many of the larger field offices, which are still promoting the sale and distribution of bonds, have retained their records. Other offices, which have become inactive, have turned over their records to nearby field offices still engaged in this activity.

Transportation Branch [812]

This Branch was established in the Executive Office of the Secretary in February 1943 and was placed under the supervision of the Under Secretary. It was in charge of the procurement, maintenance, and utilization of automotive equipment and transport vehicles, other than combat-training vehicles, used throughout the Naval Establishment in the continental United States; and it advised on and acted as a clearinghouse for the procurement of automotive transport vehicles, other than combat vehicles, for use outside the United States. On July 1, 1945, the Branch was abolished. Its procurement functions were transferred to the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts and its maintenance functions to the Bureau of Yards and Docks, and its records were distributed accordingly. In 1947 those functions and records were again united and were assigned to the Automotive Branch of the Bureau of Yards and Docks.

Records.--Records of the Transportation Branch, consisting of correspondence, catalogs, directives, and memoranda relating to the procurement, maintenance, and operation of naval automotive transportation vehicles and equipment, 1943-45, are in the Automotive Branch, Bureau of Yards and Docks. Similar but less active records of the Transportation Branch are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

War Ballot Office [813]

This Office was established to administer within the Navy the act of April 1, 1944 (58 Stat. 136), which amended the act of September 16, 1942 (56 Stat. 753), providing for voting by members of the armed forces absent from their place of residence. The Office was responsible for assisting the military and civilian personnel of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard in the exercise of their voting privilege, whenever practicable

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and compatible with military operations. It served under the general supervision of the United States War Ballot Commission. The Office was abolished on November 20, 1945, and its remaining functions were transferred to the Welfare Activity of the Bureau of Naval Personnel.

Records.--Administrative and other records of the Office, 1944-45 (16 feet), are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Offices Supervised by the Assistant Secretary

Industrial Incentive Division [814]

This Division, at first called the Incentive Division, was established on May 19, 1942. The Chief of the Division was responsible for the operation of the Navy Department's industrial incentive plans. He worked in cooperation with the appropriate Government units and agencies, including the offices and bureaus of the Navy Department, the War Department, the War Production Board, the Joint Army and Navy Munitions Board, the United States Maritime Commission, and the Office of War Information. The Division carried on a comprehensive program designed to improve industrial morale by showing the need for each particular item or part of an item of matériel in the total war effort. It made arrangements for reports on the use of equipment under combat conditions, released action photographs, aided in arranging exhibits, issued posters and material for employee publications and the labor press, produced and distributed combat motion pictures, and arranged for returned combat personnel to visit plants engaged in war production. The Division cooperated closely with the Army-Navy Board for Production Awards and had cognizance of Army-Navy "E" award ceremonies in recognition of outstanding production. The Division was abolished on September 1, 1945.

Records.--The records of the Division are in the National Archives. They include its general correspondence with bureaus and offices of the Navy Department, with other Government agencies, and with private individuals and companies on the stimulation of industrial production, 1942-45 (62 feet); records of the Executive Office of the Division, 1942-45 (2 feet), relating to the operation and functioning of the Division; industrial incentive materials, 1943-45 (2 feet), including posters and photographs; and correspondence on incentive programs in aircraft plants, 1943-45 (2 feet), and on the production and distribution of films to be used for morale purposes, 1943-44 (3 feet).

Lend-Lease Liaison Office [815]

This Office was established in the Office of the Secretary in November 1940 and became a part of the Executive Office of the Secretary upon the creation of that Office in 1942. It represented the Secretary of the Navy in defense-aid and lend-lease negotiations between representatives of foreign governments and representatives of the bureaus of the Navy Department, and it maintained liaison with the Office of Lend-Lease Administration

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and the Foreign Economic Administration. It controlled the lend-lease activities of the Navy Department, including those of the International Aid: Division of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. After consultation with affected bureaus of the Department, the Office issued the final decision approving or rejecting each request for aid, a decision based on the Navy's current logistics and supply situation in regard to the particular items involved.

Records.--The records of the Office, 1942-45, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. They consist chiefly of lend-lease requisitions acted on by the Office and a series of correspondence and related materials reflecting activities of the Navy Department concerning lend-lease and the Department's relationships with the Office of Lend-Lease Administration and the Foreign Economic Administration.

Office of the General Counsel [816]

The Procurement Legal Division was set up in July 1941 to advise the Under Secretary of the Navy, the various branches of his office, and the contracting bureaus of the Navy Department on legal matters involving the procurement of naval material, supplies, and facilities. On August 3, 1944, the Division's name was changed to the Office of the General Counsel. It remained under the Secretary's supervision until February 1945, when it was put under the jurisdiction of the Assistant Secretary. The Office was responsible for legal matters relating to procurement, contract termination, property disposition, and the renegotiation of contracts. A branch office, designated as the Office of Counsel, was established in each of the contracting bureaus, the Navy Price Adjustment Board, the Industrial Readjustment Branch of the Office of Procurement and Material, and the Office of Research and Inventions.

Records.--Records of the Office of the General Counsel and the predecessor Procurement Legal Division, 1941-45 (100 feet), relating to naval procurement, contract terminations, contract renegotiation, and property disposition, are in the Office of the General Counsel and in the several Offices of Counsel in the contracting bureaus of the Navy Department.

Office of Procurement and Material [817]

This Office was established on January 30, 1942, and its head, the Chief of Procurement and Material, was made responsible for coordinating all the Navy Department's production and procurement activities, supervising the Department's programs for the procurement of ships and materials of every character, and performing such other duties as the Secretary of the Navy might direct. The Office took over the duties of several scattered units and activities in the Navy Department, including most of the functions of the Materials Division, which at the beginning of the war had had a brief existence in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. At first the functions of the Office were carried on by the Program and Priorities Branch, the Planning and Statistics Branch, the Production Branch

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and the Procurement Branch. As the war progressed the Industrial Readjustment Branch, the Property Disposition Branch, the Inspection Administration Branch, the Navy Price Adjustment Board, and the Board of Contract Appeals were added to the Office. All these units are separately described below.

On August 20, 1945, the Office of Procurement and Material became the Material Division, which continued as a unit in the Executive Office of the Secretary under the supervision of the Assistant Secretary. It was later renamed the Office of Naval Material.

Records.--The following records of the Office of Procurement and Material are in the custody of the successor Office of Naval Material: Central files of the Office, 1944-45 (90 feet), containing documents concerning its coordination of activities relating to the procurement, production, and control of materials required by the Navy; and case files of the Joint Army-Navy Committee on Specifications, 1941-45, documenting the Committee's functions of determining and promulgating standard instructions for specifications of military material. Contracts and other records relating to advance payments and loans, which were assembled in the Office of the Chief of Procurement and Material, 1942-46 (175 feet), are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Records in the National Archives include the central files of the Office for 1942-43 (50 feet); correspondence and other records relating to the naval inventory control program, 1942-45 (15 feet), the development of plant sites and facilities for the national defense program, 1940-45 (55 feet), and machine-tool production and requirements, 1942-43 (9 feet); and records of the Washington field office of the Office of Procurement and Material, 1943-45, relating to its functions as liaison agent with local industries on procurement of materials, searches for scarce material and equipment, available equipment, contract distribution and termination, and manpower shortages. A history of the Materials Division ([1946]. 57 p., typewritten) is in the Division of Naval Records and History.

See R. H. Connery, "Organizing the Navy's Industrial Mobilization," and S. M. Robinson, "Procurement and Production," in Public Administration Review, 5: 303-311 and 317-322 (Autumn 1945).

Program and Priorities Branch [818]

This Branch determined the relative urgency of naval material programs in accordance with the basic strategic policy of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and administered the priorities system as it affected the Navy. The Branch cleared for the Navy Department the orders issued by the War Production Board under its powers of priorities control and advocated the interests of the Navy in appeals from such orders. The Branch also cooperated with the Army and the War Production Board through the Joint Army and Navy Munitions Board, and it represented the Navy Department in liaison with the Board of Economic Warfare, the Office of Lend-Lease Administration, the Joint Army-Navy Committee on Contingent Fees, and the Joint Army-Navy Plastic Armor Technical Committee.

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Records.--In the central files of the Office (see entry 817) are separately filed correspondence of this Branch and records of the Navy representative on the Requirements Committee of the War Production Board, 1943-44 (19 feet).

Planning and Statistics Branch [819]

This Branch acted as the central agency for the collection of statistical data on the Navy's procurement program, reviewed and analyzed programs and schedules, studied the effect of changes in the basic war plans, and supervised the allocation of critical raw materials within the Navy program. The Assistant Chief of the Branch served as the Navy Material Control Officer, supervising the operations of the War Production Board's Controlled Materials Plan in the Navy and advocating in the War Production Board those allocations of controlled materials that were consonant, with Navy interests.

Records.--Records of this Branch are in the central files of the Office (see entry 817).

Production Branch [820]

This Branch was responsible for coordinating and expediting the Navy's production programs. It made continuing studies of naval requirements for products and raw materials, and it supervised the allocation of these materials within the Navy program. It cooperated with the War Production Board with regard to requirements, scheduling, expediting of deliveries, redistribution, substitution, standardization, simplification, and general conservation.

Records.---Records of this Branch are in the central files of the Office (see entry 817). They include records, 1942-45, reflecting the Branch's relations with the War Production Board in the integration of the Navy's needs with the national production program and dealing with electronics, shipbuilding, ordnance, automotive products, metals, minerals, chemicals, rubber, textiles, leather, forest products, food, health supplies, fuels, power, industrial equipment, priorities requirements, stockpiling, and machine tools.

Procurement Branch [821]

This Branch coordinated the various phases of procurement among the Navy Department bureaus. It searched for new facilities and helped the smaller manufacturers and other small business interests to make contact with the proper bureaus. It cleared contracts, guaranteed loans, instituted the renegotiation of contracts, analyzed profits, and formulated policies with respect to insurance.

Records.--Records of the Branch are in the central files of the Office (see entry 817). In that portion of the central files that is in the National Archives there is a group of photographs (6 feet) of smaller war plants under Navy contract in 1943. Contracts cleared by the Branch are not part of its records but are in the records of the bureaus that made the contracts.

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Industrial Readjustment Branch [822]

This Branch was responsible for establishing, supervising, and coordinating policies and procedures for the termination of contracts, the disposal of real and personal property, and other aspects of industrial readjustment.

Records.--Records of the Branch are in the central files of the Office (see entry 817).

Property Disposition Branch [823]

This Branch supervised and coordinated procedures for the redistribution and disposal of property and directed the operations of the Navy Material Redistribution and Disposal Administration. The Administration was established in New York City in April 1944, under the cognizance of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. Early in 1945 it was transferred to the direction of the Chief of Procurement and Material and was made the central agency within the Navy Department for storing, redistributing, and disposing of surplus naval property. Its primary responsibilities were to clear Navy-owned property from contractors' plants; to redistribute excess bureau property within the Naval Establishment and to the War Department; to dispose of scrap, salvage, waste material, and small lots of surplus property reported to it by naval activities; to report usable property to the War Assets Administration and other disposal agencies; and to provide storage and redistribution facilities in the field. Under its supervision were the material redistribution centers and disposal offices. In 1946 the Administration began to decentralize its operations and in December of that year it was disestablished. Its functions were continued by several units of the Material Division (the present Office of Naval Material) and by agents of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts appointed to handle the disposal of surplus property at naval activities.

Records.--Records of the Branch are in the central files of the Office (see entry 817). Among these are ship surplus-disposal-control files, with a case jacket containing data and correspondence relating to each vessel disposed of; contracts and correspondence concerning the disposal of plant facilities, 1944-45; circulars and statistical tables issued by the Navy Material Redistribution and Disposal Administration, 1944-46; and photographs and descriptive data relating to shore establishments and summary cards showing plant value, 1944-45.

The following records of the Administration are in the Naval Records Management Center at Garden City, N.Y.: (1) Central files, 1944-46, including periodic reports from field offices, data indicating the administrative relationship between the field offices and the New York headquarters, and operating instructions issued to the field; and (2) case files, 1944-46, containing termination inventories, correspondence, and data relating to each surplus-materials transaction handled by the headquarters office and by its field offices.

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Inspection Administration Branch [824]

This Branch coordinated and consolidated the administration of the inspection activities of the bureaus of the Navy Department; prepared instructions to Field Inspection Offices and assisted them in their organization, administration, and operation; and had cognizance over matters relating to officers, enlisted personnel, and civilian personnel of the Field Inspection Offices.

Records.--Correspondence of the Branch, 1944-45, relating to the disestablishment of units of the Inspection Administration is in the central files of the Office (see entry 817). Separately maintained records of the Branch, 1942-45 (15 feet), are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Navy Price Adjustment Board [825]

This Board, set up in accordance with the provisions of title 8 of the Revenue Act of 1943 (58 Stat. 92) and put under the direction of the Chief of Procurement and Material, was responsible for the repricing and renegotiation of Navy contracts totaling $500,000 or more.

Records.--Contract files and related records of the Board, 1941-45 (100 feet), are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Board of Contract Appeals [826]

The Compensation Board, created in 1917 and immediately responsible to the Secretary of the Navy during the earlier years of World War II, was put under the supervision of the Chief of Procurement and Material on August 21, 1944, and was renamed the Board of Contract Appeals on December 1 of that year. It served as the agent of the Secretary in hearing appeals and recommending settlements in connection with contractors' claims relating to costs, bonuses, penalties, final settlement of contracts, and other matters affecting payments to or by contractors.

Records.--The records of the Board are in the central files of the Office (see entry 817). They consist of complete case files relating to appeals by contractors, and the general administrative records of the Board relating to its functions, procedures, and personnel.

Office Supervised by the Assistant Secretary for Air

Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves [827]

The administration of naval petroleum and oil-shale reserves has been vested in the Secretary of the Navy by several acts of Congress. At the beginning of the war this responsibility was being handled for the Secretary by the Office of Naval Petroleum Reserves. On June 6, 1944, the duties and functions of the Office were redefined and its name was changed to Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves. The Office was authorized

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to take charge of the reserves on behalf of the Secretary; to make plans and programs for the exploration, conservation, development, use, and operation of the reserves and for the production of oil from them; to execute such plans and programs as were approved; and to consult with the offices and bureaus of the Navy Department and other Government agencies when necessary for the efficient management of the reserves. The Office of the Inspector of Naval Petroleum Reserves, located in California, operated during the war under the direction of the Office in Washington.

Records.--Wartime records in the Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves include copies of unexpired leases entered into with private concerns and individuals, 1941-45; well-production cards containing summary data on the production for each well, 1939-45; reports containing technical and developmental data on wells, 1939-45; photographs showing topographical details of oil-reserve areas, 1939-45; and technical reports on the geological and methodological aspects of petroleum problems, 1939-45, submitted by engineers under contract to or employed by the Geological Survey.

The following records of the Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves are in the National Archives: (1) General files, 1939-45, including papers on the operation and maintenance of the reserves, relations of the Office with other Government agencies, the legal basis for Navy control, contractual and lessee relationships, congressional inquiries, logistical aspects of the Navy's domestic oil supply in World War II, the coordination of technical paleontological and geological research for the Navy, and the administration and operation of the Office; (2) terminated public-land leases, 1939-45; and (3) terminated contracts relating to the sale of oil from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 2, 1939-45.

In the Office of the Inspector of Naval Petroleum Reserves, at Los Angeles, are records containing descriptive, technical, and operational data on wells in active operation, 1939-45; and contracts and related correspondence, 1939-45.

Boards in the Executive Office of the Secretary [828]

Besides its several offices, divisions, and branches, the Executive Office of the Secretary included a number of boards during World War II. Some of these boards served in an advisory capacity to the Secretary of the Navy. Others performed substantive functions chiefly relating to such personnel matters as military and industrial awards of honor, appointment, promotion, discipline, and retirement, and, in the case of the Navy Manpower Survey Board, the efficient utilization of manpower.

Records.--The records of these boards are separately described below. Supplementing the records of some of the boards is related information in the personnel records in the Bureau of Naval Personnel, in the "spot file" of the Office of the Judge Advocate General, and in the central files of the Executive Office of the Secretary.

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General Board [829]

Since its establishment on March 13, 1900, the General Board has served in an advisory capacity to the Secretary of the Navy, considering and reporting upon subjects referred to it by the Secretary. During World War II the General Board was concerned with matters of policy relating to the development, organization, maintenance, training, and operation of the United States Navy. It made recommendations regarding the number and types of ships for the fleet and the number and character of Naval Districts, navy yards, stations, operating bases, and other shore activities.

Records.--The records of the General Board, 1900-46 (50 feet), consisting of studies, recommendations, and reports, are in its custody.

Requirements Review Board [830]

This Board, established on February 9, 1945, was put under the supervision of the Assistant Secretary. The Navy Department sought to coordinate its logistics program by using this Board to harmonize procurement programs with the requirements as defined by military objectives. The Board was responsible for assuring the maintenance of balance within and between matériel and personnel procurement and for keeping procurement levels within actual needs. The Board carried on its activities within the framework of the Office of Procurement and Material, with which it had a close functional relationship. After the war the Board continued to operate in close relationship with the successor Office of Naval Material and the Joint Army and Navy Munitions Board.

Records.--The Board's records are in its custody. They consist chiefly of general correspondence relating to top-level administration of the Navy's logistics program; minutes of Board meetings; and records of special hearings.

Navy Department Board of Decorations and Medals [831]

This Board, originally set up in 1927, became the Board of Awards on October 24, 1931, and was established as the Navy Department Board of Decorations and Medals by the Secretary of the Navy on December 17, 1942. It was authorized to make recommendations to the Secretary on the bestowal of honors within the naval service and its related activities; to aid in preparing legislation, Executive orders, and general orders pertaining to decorations, awards, and campaign medals; to cooperate in defining policies and designing medals; and to make suggestions regarding retirement benefits for personnel with previous commendations. After the war the Board cooperated with the Board to Review Recommendations for Awards of Decorations and Medals, which was established by the Secretary of the Navy on December 18, 1945.

Records.--Wartime records of the Board, consisting of correspondence, recommendations, and records of action taken on the cases considered by the Board, are in the Medals and Awards Division of the Bureau of Naval Personnel. A ready-reference card file, showing the findings of the Board

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in the cases it handled during the war, is in its custody. The original recommendations for honors and all related papers, including the findings of the Board, 1939-45, are in the official personnel folders of the individuals concerned. An unpublished history of the Board is in the Division of Naval Records and History.
[See also Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual.]

Board of Medical Examiners [832]

This Board was originally set up in accordance with an act of April 21, 1864. The function of the Board during World War II was to conduct physical examinations of line and staff officers of the United States Navy and the Naval Reserve in order to determine their physical qualifications for appointment and promotion.

Records.--A ready-reference card file, showing the findings of the Board in the cases it handled during the war, is in its custody. A complete report of its findings and recommendations was attached to the personnel record of the individual concerned and forwarded to the Office of the Judge Advocate General and to other interested offices and bureaus of the Navy Department for review and action and then was sent to the Bureau of Naval Personnel for filing.

Board of Review, Discharges and Dismissals [833]

This Board was established on July 22, 1944, in compliance with section 301 of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (58 Stat. 286). It was authorized to review discharges and dismissals of former officers and enlisted men of the Navy to determine whether, under reasonable standards of naval law and discipline, the type of discharge or dismissal should be changed or corrected. Each case was reviewed either by personal hearing or by documentary examination on the petitioners' request, and after this review the findings were submitted to the Secretary of the Navy for final review.

Records.--The records of the Board, 1944-45 (20 feet), are in its custody. They consist of about 1300 folders for the officers and enlisted men whose cases were considered by the Board, and a ready-reference card file showing the action taken in each case. Related service, medical, or legal records borrowed from the Bureau of Naval Personnel, the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, or the Office of the Judge Advocate General in connection with a case review were returned upon completion of the review.

Naval Clemency and Prison Inspection Board [834]

This Board was set up by the Acting Secretary of the Navy on August 27, 1943. It considered applications of naval prisoners for clemency and restoration to duty, and it made recommendations to the Secretary of the Navy on such applications and on matters concerning naval discipline and the treatment of naval prisoners. Members of the Board made inspections of naval prisons, detention barracks, and brigs and prepared recommendations regarding the organization and administration of these activities.

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Records.--The records of the Board, 1943-45 (25 feet), are in its custody. They include requests for clemency, related correspondence and personnel: information, and recommendations and reports.

Naval Examining Board (Line) [835]

This Board, originally set up in accordance with an act of April 21, 1864, was engaged during the war in conducting the professional examinations for promotion of line officers, including warrant and chief warrant officers of the Navy; examinations for the appointment, transfer, and promotion of Naval Reserve officers; competitive examinations of warrant and chief warrant officers for appointment to the commissioned ranks of ensign, lieutenant (junior grade), and lieutenant of the regular Navy; competitive examinations of enlisted personnel for appointment to the warrant ranks of the regular Navy; and examinations of the records of chief warrant officers and of regular Navy and Naval Reserve officers for certificates of creditability of record.

Records.--A ready-reference card file, showing the findings of the Board in the cases it handled during the war, is in its custody. A complete report of the Board's findings and recommendations was attached to the personnel record of the individual concerned and forwarded to the Office of the Judge Advocate General and to other interested offices and bureaus of the Navy Department for review and action and then was sent to the Bureau of Naval Personnel for filing.

Naval Examining Board (Medical) [836]

This Board, originally organized in accordance with an act of April 21, 1864, was responsible during the war for conducting the professional examinations of Medical Corps officers of the Navy and the Naval Reserve for promotion to the grades of commander and captain, Medical Corps. Examinations of officers for promotion to the grade of rear admiral, Medical Corps, were usually conducted by a special examining board composed of officers of that grade, of which the President of the Board was a member.

Records.--A ready-reference card file, showing the findings of the Board in the cases it handled during the war, is in its custody. A complete report of its findings and recommendations was attached to the personnel record of the individual concerned and forwarded to the Office of the Judge Advocate General and to other interested offices and bureaus of the Navy Department for review and action and then was sent to the Bureau of Naval Personnel for filing.

Naval Examining Board (Supply Corps) [837]

This Board, organized in accordance with an act of April 21, 1864, conducted during the war examinations of candidates for original appointment to the Supply Corps of the Navy and for appointment as pay clerk and acting pay clerk, United States Navy.

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Records.--A card file showing the findings of the Board in all cases on which it acted during the war is in its custody. A complete report of its findings and recommendations was attached to the personnel record of the individual concerned and forwarded to the Office of the Judge Advocate General, the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, and other interested offices and bureaus of the Navy Department for review and action and then was sent to the Bureau of Naval Personnel for filing.

Naval Retiring Board [838]

This Board, originally established in accordance with an act of August 3, 1861, conducted during the war the examinations of those line and staff officers of the Navy and the Naval Reserve who were ordered to appear before it or whose cases were referred to it by the Secretary of the Navy. The purpose of these examinations was to determine the physical fitness of the officers for the duties appropriate to their respective ranks and grades, and the examinations were commonly referred to as examinations for physical-incapacity retirements.

Records.--A ready-reference card file showing the findings of the Board in the cases it handled during the war is in its custody. A complete report of its findings and recommendations was attached to the personnel record of the individual concerned and forwarded to the Office of the Judge Advocate General, the Bureau of Naval Personnel, and other interested offices and bureaus of the Navy Department for review and action and then was sent to the Bureau of Naval Personnel for filing.

Naval Retiring Review Board [839]

This Board was established on September 6, 1944, in accordance with section 302 (a) of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (58 Stat. 287). It was authorized to review and report upon the findings and decisions of the Naval Retiring Board that had resulted in the retirement or release from the service without pay of any officer of the naval service. The Board's authority, however, was extended only to those individuals who should request review of their cases within the 15-year time limit prescribed by the act.

Records.--The records of the Board, concerning about 50 cases that it has been called upon to review, are in its custody. The service, medical, or legal records that were borrowed from the Bureau of Naval Personnel, the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, and the Office of the Judge Advocate General in connection with a case review were returned when the review was completed.

Naval Medical Survey Review Board [840]

This Board was established on February 4, 1946, in accordance with section 302 (a) of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (58 Stat. 287). It was empowered to review and report on medical findings and recommendations that had resulted in the retirement or release from

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the service without pay of any officer of the Navy or Marine Corps or of their Reserve components. Its authority, however, was extended only to those individuals who should request review of their cases within the 15-year time limit prescribed by the act.

Records.--The records of the Board, concerning about 200 cases that it has reviewed, are in its custody. Service records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel and the Marine Corps and medical records of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery that were consulted in connection with the review of cases were returned upon completion of the case review.

Navy Manpower Survey Board [841]

This Board was established on November 12, 1943, to make sur- veys of all naval shore stations to determine how efficiently the Navy was employing its manpower. The survey was organized by Naval Districts, and a District Committee was appointed to organize, supervise, and check the work in each District. The surveys were made by many Survey Groups, each of which visited an assigned number of stations or activities, and prepared reports based on an analysis of the data gathered from personnel forms or personal observation. These reports, together with the personnel forms, were sent to the District Committee, which checked them, approved or disapproved them, and forwarded them to the Navy Manpower Survey Board in Washington. These records provided the basic data used by the Board in preparing its final reports and recommendations to the Secretary of the Navy. The Board was dissolved after the completion of its work in June 1944.

Records.--The records of the Board, 1943-44 (114 feet), are in the National Archives. They include the general files of the Board, reports submitted to the Board, summary statistical reports showing the personnel on hand at various stations, survey maps showing the distribution of civilian personnel, and the final reports of the Board.

Board of Production Awards [842]

This Board, set up in the Office of Public Relations on December 30, 1941, served as one of the units in the Executive Office of the Secretary of the Navy. It sought to advance the war effort by stimulating: the production of war materials. This was accomplished by fostering teamwork between labor and management, by encouraging the competitive spirit among producers of war materials, and by making Army-Navy "E" awards to governmental and commercial manufacturers for outstanding accomplishments in production. The Board's work was carried on in close cooperation with the Industrial Incentive Division.

Records.--The records of the Board, 1941-45 (50 feet), are in the National Archives. They include correspondence of the Board, case files for the companies involved, card files noting the action taken in all cases, and scrapbook clippings relating to the awarding ceremonies for individual companies.

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OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS [843]

The position of Chief of Naval Operations, also known as CNO, was established by a naval appropriation act of March 3, 1915 (38 Stat. 929), which provided that the occupant of this position, under the direction of the Secretary of the Navy, was "charged with the operations of the fleet, and with the preparation and readiness of plans for its use in war." More specifically, in the years before the United States entered World War II, the Chief of Naval Operations directed the organization and training of the fleet; he advised the Secretary of the Navy on the military features and design of ships, on the location of and facilities for navy yards, naval stations, and other shore establishments, and on Navy Department affairs that concerned insular governments and foreign relations; he coordinated the efforts of Navy Department bureaus in building, manning, supplying, and maintaining the fleet; and he was responsible for the preparation and revision of Regulations for the Government of the Navy, General Orders, tactical instructions, drill books, and the like.

By an Executive order of December 18, 1941, the Commander in Chief of the United. States Fleet was removed from the authority of the Chief of Naval Operations and was put in supreme command of the Navy's operating forces. On March 12, 1942, however, another Executive order made provision for combining the duties of the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, and those of the Chief of Naval Operations and assigning them to one officer with the title of "Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, and Chief of Naval Operations"--an official who should serve as "the principal naval adviser to the President on the conduct of the War, and the principal naval adviser and executive to the Secretary of the Navy on the conduct of the activities of the Naval Establishment." The order directed further that as Chief of Naval Operations this officer should be responsible, under the direction of the Secretary of the Navy, for "the preparation, readiness and logistic support of the operating forces comprising the several fleets, seagoing forces and sea frontier forces" of the Navy and for the coordination and direction of the work of the bureaus of the Navy Department to this end.

Admiral Ernest J. King, who had become Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, in December 1941, was given the dual role of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, and Chief of Naval Operations, a post he retained during the rest of the war. As Chief of Naval Operations he succeeded Admiral Harold R. Stark, who had held that office since before the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939. Throughout the remainder of the war both the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and the Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, were located in the Navy Department Building in Washington, and their activities were carried on in close cooperation. Each, however, maintained its own separate staff organization, operating divisions, and file rooms. Each is discussed in this volume as a separate organization.

Records.--The records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, consisting of those of the Chief and his Staff, have been interfiled with the

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general records of many of the divisions and other units of the Office in central files separated into a classified section and an unclassified section. The classified file, 1939-45 (1,100 feet), and the unclassified file, July 1943-45 (500 feet), are in the Division of Naval Records and History of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. The unclassified file, 1939-June 1943 (250 feet), is in the National Archives, with the early portion interfiled with the central correspondence of the Office of the Secretary of the Navy.

Some units of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, particularly those that antedated its establishment, continued to maintain records separate from the central files of the Office. Other divisions, because of the nature and extent of their records, also followed this practice. Cases in point are the Hydrographic Office, the Naval Observatory, and the Inspection, Intelligence, and Communications Divisions. These and other records are discussed in greater detail in the separate entries below.

Office of the Chief [844]

The staff of the Chief of Naval Operations included the Vice Chief of Naval Operations, the Sub Chief of Naval Operations, the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air), and three Assistant Chiefs. The Vice Chief of Naval Operations was responsible for executing the plans and policies of his superior for the preparation, readiness, and logistic support of the Navy's operating forces. During the war this position was held by Admiral Frederick J. Home. The other staff officers were in immediate charge of the several divisions of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, which are discussed below according to the organizational pattern of 1944.

During the war the Chief of Naval Operations was a member of the Joint Board and was represented in the membership of other joint Army and Navy boards and committees, such as the Joint Army-Navy Merchant Vessel Board, the Joint Army and Navy Board on War Correspondents' Credentials, the Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee, the Joint Army-Navy Standardization Committee for Aviation Free Gunnery, the Joint Army-Navy Experimental and Testing Board, the Joint Amphibious Warfare Committee, the Joint Committee on Port Safety, the Army-Navy Air Facilities Committee, and the Joint Army and Navy Board to Standardize Air Support Procedures.

Records.--Correspondence of the Chief and his staff is in the central files discussed in entry 843.

Central Division [845]

This Division, established in 1930, served as the immediate staff of the Chief of Naval Operations. For the Chief it exercised administrative control over United States naval policy and supervised matters of organization within the Office. The Division was supervised jointly by the Deputy Chief and the Vice Chief of Naval Operations. In the performance of its wartime functions the Division maintained close contact with the State Department, other Government departments, Congress, and the several

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offices and bureaus of the Navy Department. Its responsibilities extended to matters pertaining to foreign affairs; treaties and treaty interpretations; international law; conventions; the relations and contacts of naval forces, afloat and ashore, with the governments or forces of other nations; and arrangements for visits of United States ships and aircraft to foreign ports and of foreign ships and aircraft to the United States and its territorial possessions. It gave attention also to legislation, budget matters, the preparation of annual and special reports of the Chief of Naval Operations, the preparation and revision of Navy Regulations, the issuance of General Orders, the examination of bureau manuals, the review of decisions of courts of inquiry and boards of investigation, and the propriety of naval honors and ceremonies.

Early in the war the Division assisted the Secretary in supervising the civil governments of Guam, American Samoa, and other United States possessions under naval administration and in handling the international affairs of the island bases established on territory leased from Great Britain and other nations. As the war progressed its Military Government Section also handled matters relating to the naval government of occupied areas.

Records.--In the central files discussed in entry 843 is much of the correspondence of the Division, 1939-45. It relates to such matters as the administration and organization of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations; arrangements for visits of United States naval ships and aircraft to foreign countries and of foreign ships and aircraft to United States ports; liaison of naval forces with governments of other nations; and leased island bases.

A group of records of the Division relating to the administration of island governments and military rule of occupied areas, 1941-44 (25 feet), is in the National Archives. Included are materials on economics, finance, public health, trade, agriculture, and kindred subjects pertaining to the governing of the civil populations of Pacific islands and relating to the establishment and administration of Navy training schools for military or civil government of Navy-occupied islands.

Logistic Plans Division [846]

This Division was known at the outbreak of the war as the War Plans Division and had existed under one name or another since the establishment of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations in 1915. It prepared basic plans for the development and maintenance of the naval forces in a state of readiness for operations in time of war. The Director of the War Plans Division was a member of the Joint Board, and three or more officers of the Division were detailed as Navy members of that Board's Joint Planning Committee. One officer of the Division was assigned as a member of the Aeronautical Board, and others were assigned as members of the Shore Station Development Board, the Joint Advisory Board on American Republics, and the Joint Port Facilities Committee. Through membership on these boards and committees the Division assisted in the coordination of the plans and policies of the War and Navy Departments.

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Early in the war the Division served as the primary planning agency of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. It made studies and recommendations regarding the development program for shore stations; the facilities and defenses required at outlying and advance bases; the types, characteristics, and numbers of ships; the coordination of the preparation of the aircraft program; and the coordination of the logistics supply for the operating forces.

In 1943 the Division was renamed the Logistic Plans Division and was put under the immediate supervision of the Assistant Chief of Naval Operations for Logistic Plans. This officer maintained close liaison with the Plans Division of Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, and was responsible for the logistic implementation of current and future operations by the seagoing forces. In addition to carrying on many of its former functions the Division engaged in studies and made recommendations regarding the feasibility of projected operations from the logistic point of view, made logistic plans for such operations, coordinated the logistic efforts of the Navy with those of the Army and Allied governments, and coordinated the procurement programs of the several bureaus of the Navy Department with the requisitions submitted to the Navy Department through the Lend-Lease Administration. Toward the close of the war the Division, in conjunction with the Plans Division of Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, was engaged in making plans for current and future operations, the location and facilities of advance bases, the coordination of the supply and distribution of munitions, and the coordination of the logistic efforts of the Navy Department with those of the War Department and Allied governments.

Two important units of the Division were the Lend-Lease Office of Record, which acted on requisitions and assignments for lend-lease materials, and the Over-all Logistic Plan Committee, which was appointed on May 30, 1944, to prepare an over-all logistic plan for naval global warfare. The Area Planners Section of the Division consisted of the following subsections: Atlantic and Mediterranean, Pacific and Indian Oceans, Western Hemisphere, and Aviation Area. The Division's Technical Planners Sections consisted of the following subsections: Bases and Drydocks; Ships; Personnel; Fuel, Stores and Supplies; Aviation; Ordnance; Marine Corps; Transportation; Medical Facilities; Communications; and Procurement and Material.

Records.--Correspondence and other records of the Division, 1939-45, are in the central files discussed in entry 843. They consist chiefly of correspondence and related documents pertaining to the basic logistic support for the Navy and reflect the activities of the Division in coordinating naval logistic plans with naval operating plans in the theaters of operations and with logistic programs of the War Department and other Government agencies. The records include recommendations regarding advance and home base programs; changes in procedures for procurement and distribution of matériel; coordination of naval personnel requirements; and work on special logistic developments relating to bases, drydocks, ships, fuel, supplies, ordnance, and transportation in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian,

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and Pacific Areas and in the Western Hemisphere. Unpublished histories entitled "Logistic Plans Division" ([1946]. 206 p., typewritten) and "Lend-Lease Office of Record," ([1946]. 53 p., typewritten) are in the Division of Naval Records and History.

Inventory Control Office [847]

One aspect of the Navy's logistic problem concerned inventory control and the need for uniform identification and description of stock items. In 1944 both the House and the Senate registered critical awareness of duplications in naval facilities and stocks. In March of that year the Office of Procurement and Material in the Executive Office of the Secretary recommended the development of coordinated inventory and stock control action throughout the Naval Establishment. Shortly thereafter the Secretary of the Navy appointed a committee of three civilian business executives to examine the existing inventory and stock-control methods of the Department. This committee recommended the establishment of a central office for inventory control.

On May 23, 1944, the Secretary of the Navy ordered the establishment in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations of "a division to be known as the Navy Inventory Control Office," with the Assistant Chief for Inventory Control, Hear Admiral James M. Irish, in charge. This new division was responsible for formulating and promulgating Navy inventory policies and for reviewing continuously the implementation of those policies by the bureaus and in the field. It set the policy and directed the operations of the Inventory Control Office and the Navy Catalog Office under the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. Early in 1946 the Inventory Control Office was transferred from the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations to what is now the Office of Naval Material in the Executive Office of the Secretary of the Navy.

Records.--Records pertaining to the inventory-control program, 1942-45 (15 feet), including the general correspondence of the Inventory Control Office concerning the establishment of logistic control over naval supplies and directives governing the operation of the inventory-control program, are in the National Archives. Related records are in the central files of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts and the files of the Inventory Control Office of that Bureau.

See William J. Carter, "Supply Policies," in Public Administration Review, 5: 336-341 (Autumn 1945).

Office of the Sub Chief of Naval Operations [848]

The Sub Chief of Naval Operations was the principal assistant to the Vice Chief of Naval Operations, relieving him of details of administration as far as was possible. The five divisions of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations that are discussed below were under the immediate supervision of the Sub Chief.

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Records.--Correspondence of the Sub Chief of Naval Operations is in the central files discussed in entry 843.

Communications Division [849]

This Division originated in 1912 as the Naval Radio Service of the Bureau of Navigation, was attached to the newly created Office of the Chief of Naval Operations in 1915, and was named the Communications Division some four years later. The Division provided central administration of naval radio stations, had cognizance over the censorship of radio stations, and handled all radio, telephone, telegraph, and cable communications within the naval service.

During the war the Division was responsible for the preparation, readiness, and support of the operating forces of the Navy, insofar as communications were concerned. It administered the operation of the naval shore communication systems; naval postal affairs, including V-mail; the procurement, assignment, and protection of naval frequencies; radio counter-measures operations; and the accounting and disbursing of radio, wire, and cable tolls. It supervised merchant-ship communications and prepared shore communication plans, communications instructions, signal books, call sign books, cryptographic aids and allowances of them; and budget estimates. It determined the military characteristics and allowances of radio, radar, sonar, electrical visual, and special signaling devices and of radio and radar navigational aids and associated devices; and it was responsible for the military-communications aspects of legislation, treaties, and agreements. It operated the Navy Department's Communications Office and was in charge of communication intelligence and security. It maintained liaison with joint and combined agencies and with other Government agencies and civilian enterprises on communication matters and electronic materials. The Director of Naval Communications served as a member of the Joint Communications Board, the Combined Communications Board, and the Board of War Communications.

Records.--The Division has custody of its general files, 1939-45, including materials on such subjects as the reception, transmission, and distribution of dispatches and the coding of dispatches in the Washington area; the planning, operation, and administration of fleet communications; cryptographic activities; radio aids to air navigation; air-borne radar; air-sea rescues; the work of WAVE personnel in communications activities; plans for the administration of radio shore and cable facilities; the organization and operation of fleet post offices and other communications offices; the collection, analysis, and dissemination of counterintelligence data; and the use of carrier pigeons.

Other records in the Division include personal history cards for naval and civilian communications personnel, showing training, duty stations, and other relevant data, 1939-45; cryptographic materials, 1939-45; a historical file of correspondence and related documents regarding war communications, containing communications war diaries, readiness reports, mobilization and demobilization plans, and shore casualty reports, 1939-45;

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a legislative file of correspondence and related documents regarding the legislative aspects of communications, containing drafts of proposed legislation, reports of congressional investigations and hearings, and data on the Division's policy relating to the Communications Act of 1934 and its amendments, 1939-45; and correspondence and related documents regarding international and regional conferences, special projects, and international communications, 1939-45.

In the National Archives are the general files of the Postal Affairs Section of the Communications Divisions, 1943-45 (100 feet), relating to the administration, planning, and operation of naval postal affairs, including V-mail, fleet post offices and mail stations, and the handling of mail for prisoners of war and other overseas mail; and microfilm copies of cards maintained by the Fleet Post Office, San Francisco, Calif., giving the successive location of each unit of naval command, exclusive of individual ships, in the Pacific areas, 1943-48 (2 rolls).

Intelligence Division [850]

[See Office of Naval Intelligence (4 vols.) (Washington: GPO, n.d.)]

This Division, which originated in 1882 as the Office of Naval Intelligence, was attached to the newly created Office of the Chief of Naval Operations in 1915. Since that time it has been officially the Intelligence Division although it is still widely known as the Office of Naval Intelligence.

During the war the Division was responsible for the collection and classification of information for use by the Department and the Naval Establishment. It evaluated this information and disseminated it to the Navy and appropriate Government agencies, and it maintained close contact with the naval activities. It cooperated with other Government agencies, especially the War Department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and was represented in the membership of the Joint Army-Navy Uniform Identification Board. It supervised intelligence offices in each of the Naval Districts and directed United States naval attaches, naval observers, and liaison officers abroad. It also collaborated with other Navy Department units in the matter of naval missions and advisers to the Latin-American republics. Early in the war it released to the press and the public items of naval interest; this function was later transferred to the Office of Public Relations in the Office of the Secretary.

The Director of the Division was also the Assistant Chief of Staff for Combat Intelligence in the Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, in charge of the Combat Intelligence Division. Some of the sections or branches that carried on the work of the Division, which related chiefly to strategic intelligence, were the following: Counter Intelligence, Civil Censorship Policy and Liaison, Operational Intelligence, Air Intelligence, and Special Warfare. Other units with which the Division was closely associated were the Joint Intelligence Committee, Office of Strategic Services, Washington Document Center, Joint Intelligence Agency Reception Center, Joint Intelligence Staff, Joint Intelligence Studies Publishing Board, Joint Security Control, United States Naval Technical Mission in Europe, and United States Naval Technical Mission to Japan.

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Records.--The Intelligence Division maintained its own central files. These contain correspondence relating to the collection and dissemination of information about foreign countries; the activities of United States naval attaches and Navy bureaus and offices, the Military Intelligence Division of the War Department, and other Government agencies; Army operations; complements and allowances for intelligence offices; distribution of classified publications; operational intelligence programs; and the assignment of officers. Records of the Division also include reports of naval attaches, intelligence officers, liaison officers, and observer officers in the field; reports of findings of boarding parties; reports and special studies on sabotage, espionage, and counterespionage; reports and memoranda from and to Naval District intelligence officers; reports of inspections and investigations; and copies of lectures by intelligence officers. Most of these records for 1939-45 are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. In the National Archives are a chronological series of copies of letters sent by the Division, 1939-45; a fragmentary section of the central files concerning administration, 1939-44; and a series relating to enemy blockade-runners and raiders, 1941-45.

In the Division are personnel jackets containing data on Intelligence military personnel, 1939-45; case histories involving persons, ships, or incidents of interest to the Navy, 1939-45; and a series on living conditions in various foreign countries. Case investigation files and general correspondence files of Naval District intelligence offices, 1939-45, are in the nearest naval records management center.

Office of Naval Records and Library [851]

This Office, which was established in 1882, was the Navy Department's chief archival and historical agency before World War II. During that war, as a branch of the Intelligence Division, it was principally concerned with assembling from many sources within the Naval Establishment what it considered to be the most important materials documenting the operations of the United States Navy and with arranging and servicing this collection of materials. Sound recordings were made of interviews with officers and men who had returned from combat areas, and typed transcripts of these interviews were added to the Office's collection. The Graphics Section of the Office, which collected strategic photographic materials, was transferred to the Publications and Distribution Branch of the Intelligence Division in March 1943.

In March 1949 the Office of Naval Records and Library was combined with the Office of Naval History (see entry 799) to form the Division of Naval Records and History in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

Records.--Both the Office's own records and its extensive collection of documents of the World War II period are in the custody of its successor, the Division of Naval Records and History. Among the collected records are operation plans and orders from command echelons, 1939-45; action reports from fleet units and commanding officers, 1940-45; and war diaries (daily reports) of events at all naval combat activities ashore and afloat, 1939-45.

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The Division also has an unpublished history by J. W. McElroy, "Office of Naval Records and Library, 1882-1946" (1946. Typewritten).
[See also History of the Navy Department Library]

Pan-American Division [852]

This Division was set up in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations on January 23, 1942, to centralize the handling of matters relating to naval cooperation with the Latin-American republics. It formulated general policies and drew up plans and procedures for effecting such cooperation, made arrangements for naval instruction and training in the United States of the personnel of the armed forces of the several republics, administered the naval missions sent to them from the United States, and established procedures and acted as a screening agency in furnishing naval matériel to the Latin-American republics. In its planning and other activities the Division cooperated closely with the State and War Departments and with interested offices and bureaus of the Navy Department. It collaborated in the work of the Inter-American Defense Board, the Joint Advisory Board on American Republics, the Joint Mexican-United States Defense Commission, the Joint Brazil-United States Defense Commission, and other special boards and commissions. After the end of the war the Division became the Pan-American and United States Naval Missions Division.

Records.--In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., is correspondence of the Division, 1940-45 (200 feet), pertaining to the formulation and development of legislation, plans, and policies for effective military cooperation with Latin-American nations. The correspondence deals with such subjects as postwar plans; political and subversive activities; military relations; the establishment, maintenance, and administration of naval missions in Latin-American countries; United States naval participation in training Latin-American naval personnel; procurement and assignment to Latin-American nations of such war matériel as ships, aircraft, and armament;, and budget and other financial data relating to the naval Pan-American program.

Records of the Division in the National Archives consist of reports of bilateral staff conversations held with representatives of Latin-American nations, Aug.-Oct. 1940, concerning assistance in training and matériel to be furnished by the United States Navy (1 foot).

Hydrographic Office [853]

This Office, which originated early in the nineteenth century and had been a separate administrative unit in the Bureau of Navigation after 1866, was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Chief of Naval Operations by an Executive order of April 8, 1942. During the war the Office continued and greatly expanded its many functions. It conducted hydro-graphic surveys in foreign waters and on the high seas; collected and disseminated hydrographic and navigational information and data; prepared and printed maps and charts relating to navigation, including strategic and tactical charts required for naval operations and maneuvers; prepared and issued sailing directions, light lists, pilot charts, navigational manuals,

--579--

and periodicals for the use of United States and other vessels; and furnished these charts and publications to the Navy and other public services and sold them at cost to the merchant marine of friendly and Allied nations and to the public. It collected and disseminated timely information to aid in the navigation of aircraft over the seas and prepared and issued aviation charts and publications for special naval purposes. It was represented in the membership of the Joint Army-Navy Flight Information Security Committee, maintained close relations with the hydrographic offices of Allied and friendly nations and with the International Hydrographic Bureau at Monaco, and, in cooperation with the National Academy of Sciences, conducted research in oceanography, especially in soundings and sea surface temperatures.

The Hydrographic Office consisted of seven divisions. The Administration Division directed and supervised the operations of the divisions of the Office. The Chart Construction Division conducted surveys and obtained necessary data for the preparation of nautical charts covering the navigable waters of the world. The Air Navigation Division collected data and produced and maintained aviation charts and publications, such as the Naval Airways Pilot, containing air operational information. The Lithographic Division reproduced charts and publications prepared by other divisions of the Office. The Distribution Division maintained and distributed an adequate and up-to-date supply of charts and publications covering the navigable waters of the world and the operating areas of the United States Naval Air Forces. The Maritime Security Division collected information, prepared and published Sailing Directions, Notice to Mariners, Light Lists, Radio Aids, and related data, and made corrections of existing charts and publications. The Research Division carried on scientific research relating to the sea and to navigational methods for the benefit of navigators and aviators.

Records.--The wartime central files of the Hydrographic Office are in its possession. They contain documents relating to its administration and operations, consular reports on port facilities and aviation landing fields, reports of floating dangers to navigation and of drifting buoys, official requests for charts and publications from Navy sources, reports on mine fields and other hazards of military origin, and reports on lights and other navigational aids. Also in the Office are separately maintained series of requests by foreign governments for charts and publications, 1939-45; correspondence and other records concerning revisions of charts, 1939-45; card records of distances and routes between various ports, 1939-45; hydrographic charts, 1939-45; aviation charts, 1939-45; and aerial photographs of sections of North and Central America, 1939-45.

Records of the Hydrographic Office in the National Archives include charts and a few topographical maps of areas in the Pacific and European theaters of operation and captured Japanese topographic maps and hydrographic charts of islands, harbors, arid coastal areas in the Pacific, 1930-44 (1 foot); and a record set of charts issued by the Office, 1939-41.

See George S. Bryan. "The Naval Hydrographic Office," in United States Naval Institute, Proceedings, 72:1395-1403 (Nov. 1946), and R. O. Glover, "'Hydro' Charts a War," in the Institute's Proceedings, 73:27-37 (Jan. 1947).

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Naval Observatory [854]

This agency, for many years a part of the Bureau of Navigation, was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Chief of Naval Operations by an Executive order of April 8, 1942.

During the war the Naval Observatory continued and greatly expanded its many functions. It contributed to the international advancement of astronomy and navigation through observations, research, and calculations; it prepared, published, and distributed the American Nautical Almanac, the American Air Almanac, the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac and other publications of value to navigators at sea, aerial navigators, and scientists. It determined the standard time for the United States and disseminated it hourly by time signals, some of which were broadcast by the Naval Communication Service for world-wide use by navigators and others requiring accurate time. It engaged in the improvement, manufacture, testing, inspection, repair, and furnishing of certain navigational and aerological instruments for naval, maritime, and aeronautical use and in the design and construction of its own optical and electrical instruments. As the only national observatory in the United States, it actively collaborated whenever possible with observatories and astronomers throughout the world. It had a specialized library containing publications on astronomy, mathematics, and allied sciences.

Records.--The Observatory's wartime central files contain records relating to its administration and operations, publications, astronomical observations and reductions, the design and development of new scientific equipment, and the manufacture, repair, and servicing of naval meteorological instruments. The central files for the period 1939-Mar. 1943 are in the National Archives; the part covering the remainder of the war is in the possession of the Observatory.

Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) [855]

The position of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air), also known as DCNO (Air), was established in August 1943. This Deputy Chief was responsible for correlating and coordinating all military aspects of naval aviation, including policy, plans, and logistics. He was responsible for the preparation, readiness, and logistic support of the naval aeronautic operating forces included within the fleets, seagoing forces, and sea frontiers of the Navy and for the coordination and direction of relevant activities by the bureaus and offices of the Navy Department. He was a member of the Aeronautical Board and the Joint Air Advisory Committee. He supervised eight divisions of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, which are discussed below.

Records.--Correspondence of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) is in the central files discussed in entry 843. A separate series of his general correspondence, Aug.-Oct. 1943 (31 feet), is in the National Archives. A history, "DCNO (Air) and Air Divisions" ([1946]. 134 p., typewritten), is in the Division of Naval Records and History.

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See Archibald D. Turnbull and Clifford L. Lord, History of United States Naval Aviation (New Haven, 1949. 345 p.).

Aviation Planning Division [856]

This Division originated as the Planning Division of the Bureau of Aeronautics, and along with other divisions it was transferred to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) in August 1943. It coordinated the efforts of the several divisions under the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) to meet the requirements of the aviation organization, and it issued directives to implement aeronautic policy and planning. It coordinated long-range planning, the analysis of requirements, and the availability of personnel, aircraft, and shore facilities. It formulated policy for the development of existing and proposed naval aviation shore facilities. It determined the number and types of aircraft required for naval aviation, prepared budget estimates for new construction, and handled the assignment and distribution of aircraft. It was concerned with legislation and legislative planning that affected naval aviation and naval aeronautical programs. It was responsible for the implementation of approved logistics plans with respect to their aviation requirements, and it supplied to the appropriate desks in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, information needed in the preparation of Operating Force Plans and related documents.

Records.--The general correspondence of the Division, 1942-45, is in the central files discussed in entry 843. It relates to administrative and personnel matters, aeronautics logistic programs, security measures, legislation, rotation schedules, ship assignments and over-all deployment, delivery and availability of aircraft, capacity requirements for aviation shore bases, logistic support for aviation bases and stations, policies for employment of aviation shore facilities, and plans for the formation and integration of the aeronautical program in relation to aircraft, personnel, maintenance, supply, and shore establishments. In the Division is its aviation history file, containing war diaries, progress reports, histories of aeronautical divisions and sections of both the Bureau of Aeronautics and the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, and other data on the history of naval aeronautics, 1939-45.

Aviation Personnel Division [857]

When the Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) was set up in August 1943, several divisions of the Bureau of Aeronautics were transferred to it. One of these, the Personnel Division, formed the nucleus of the Aviation Personnel Division of the Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air). This Division was responsible for making recommendations on the procurement of naval personnel for duty in the aeronautical organization. It had cognizance of requests for duty, assignments to duty (including the permanent assignment of commissioned and warrant officers in the aeronautical organization), discipline, promotion,

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policy, complements, allowances, and related matters. It maintained information files on the qualifications, assignments, and aeronautical experience of commissioned and warrant officers engaged in naval aviation. It coordinated the civilian and naval personnel complements of the naval aeronautical organization and established the civilian personnel allowances for the organization.

Records.--The general correspondence of the Division, 1943-45, is in the central files discussed in entry 843. It relates to personnel policies, assignments to duty, active duty for flag officers, personnel complements and allowances, discipline and promotion, and recommendations for training. In the Division is a separate series of correspondence regarding personnel policies and other data relating to WAVE officers and enlisted personnel in field activities under the control of the Bureau of Aeronautics and the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air), 1943-45; and individual folders for air activities, including overseas bases, 1943-45, where WAVE officer and enlisted personnel were stationed.

Aviation Training Division [858]

The Training Division of the Bureau of Aeronautics, transferred to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) in August 1943, formed the nucleus of the Aviation Training Division of that Office. The Division's primary function was to coordinate ground and fleet aviation training. It had general supervision of the Naval Air Training Command and the Naval Air Technical Training Command, and through these commands it had cognizance of the flight and ground training of commissioned and enlisted personnel of the naval aeronautical organization, the establishment and supervision of flight and ground training activities, the shore facilities requirements of the aviation training establishment, training airplanes and equipment, instructor personnel, and courses and methods of instruction. It prepared literature for use in flight and ground training, accumulated data on the progress and status of such training, and maintained liaison with foreign aviation training activities.

Records.--The general correspondence of the Division, 1943-45, is in the central files discussed in entry 843. It relates to all phases of the naval aviation training program and includes material on the direction and coordination of the training program of the Naval Aviation Reserve, training for service in helicopters, training of Coast Guard personnel, requirements for aviation-training to meet requirements of operating force plans, and the allocation to aviation activities of special devices used in gunnery training. Records in the Division include minutes, agenda, conference reports, and related correspondence and documents of the Combined Committee on Air Training in North America, 1942-45. In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., is correspondence of the Division relating to its general supervision and control of flight and ground training and to requirements for the aviation-gunnery-training program and training tactics, 1943-45.

--583--

Flight Division [859]

This Division was set up when the Flight Division of the Bureau of Aeronautics was transferred to the newly organized Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) in August 1943. It was responsible for preparing recommendations regarding flight operational policies, the standardization of flight rules and procedures, disciplinary action for the violation of flight rules, air traffic controls, and matters concerning Federal airways. It maintained liaison on aviation matters with the Civil Aeronautics Administration, the Army, the Hydographic Office, and the Director of Naval Communications, and it handled operational matters connected with air navigational aids. The Division had cognizance of flight operations of personnel assigned to the Navy Department and other Government departments and agencies, it authorized aircraft visits and participation in celebrations, and it issued regulations governing authority for flight in naval aircraft. It processed matters coming before the Interdepartmental Air Traffic Control Board, such as airspace reservations, bombing ranges, gunnery ranges, caution areas, danger areas, prohibited areas, training areas, surface danger zones, airports, and construction hazards. It reviewed the actions of aviation courts and boards, administrative reports, trouble reports, and damage claims. It had cognizance over aerological and meteorological matters and over problems of flight safety. It maintained liaison with the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery on the physiological and psychological factors in aviation, mental and physical fitness, and the training and safety of naval aviators. It made statistical records of accidents, prepared recommendations on air-sea rescue, and issued memoranda and directives on flight operational matters.

Records.--The general correspondence of the Division, 1943-45, is in the central files discussed in entry 843. It relates to such matters as the administration of the Division; complaints about low flying; authorizations of contract test pilots; instrument-landing equipment; civil air regulations; arrangements for naval air transportation for Navy Department personnel, authorized civilians, and Government officials; planning directives for the installation, operation, and logistic support of Navy air-navigational aids; coordination of work on the development of electronic air-navigational equipment; the equipment and personnel required for the installation and operation of ground-controlled approach units; aerological observations; and long-range weather forecasting.

Records in the Division include correspondence concerning violations of civil air regulations by naval pilots, 1943-45; a project file relating to the history of the Division's aerological activities, plans, and policy, 1943-45; aerological records of naval engagements, including weather maps and reports on the tactical and strategic utilization of weather in warfare, 1943-45; correspondence and reports regarding the use of codes and ciphers in transmitting weather information, 1943-45; card records of aircraft accidents; correspondence on the standardization of safety procedures, medical research on qualifications of mental and physical fitness, and other aspects of aeronautical safety programs; and correspondence on lighter-than-air craft and

--584--

the planning, correlation, and coordination of the use of such craft, including material on stratosphere balloons, naval blimps, and the procurement and training of Naval Reserve officers for the lighter-than-air program, 1943-45.

Aviation Bases Division [860]

This Division was set up late in the war to coordinate the efforts of the several governmental units interested in the establishment and maintenance of aviation bases in the continental United States. It was responsible for determining the aviation shore facilities required to support the estimated loads to be imposed upon the aviation shore establishment, for directing the action necessary to insure the timely providing of such facilities, and for developing policies for the employment of these shore facilities within the continental United States. The Division maintained liaison with offices and bureaus of the Navy Department and with the War Department, the Civil Aeronautics Administration, and other governmental agencies in connection with current and future requirements and developments of naval aeronautical shore facilities.

Records.--The general correspondence of the Division, 1944-45, is in the central files discussed in entry 843. It relates to the logistic support of aviation bases and stations, within and outside the continental United States. It includes material on the review of projects, the determination of aviation shore facilities required and the direction of action to meet those requirements, policies governing the use of aviation shore facilities, liaison with Navy bureaus and other Government offices regarding current and prospective requirements for shore facilities, and capacity requirements schedules. The Division's plot plans for air bases within the continental United States are in the Aviation Plans Division.

Aviation Progress Division [861]

This Division, established in the Bureau of Aeronautics in April 1941, was responsible for coordinating and expediting procurement of equipment, other than airplanes and airplane components, for new aeronautical activities. It made special studies and reports on the over-all aeronautical activities of the Navy and on its aviation material, equipment, and facilities. On September 23, 1943, the Head of the Division, though remaining on assignment to the Bureau of Aeronautics, was given additional duties under the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air), and the Division thereupon entered a dual relationship with the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and the Bureau of Aeronautics. On December 13, 1943, the Head of the Division was assigned to full duty in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air), and the Aviation Progress Division was thereafter under the sole administration of that Office.

Records.--Correspondence of the Division, containing material on its administration, personnel, organization, and operations for the years 1941 to August 1943, is in the central files of the Bureau of Aeronautics; that for September 1943 to 1945 is in the central files discussed in entry 843. Also

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in the Office is a file of the Division consisting of reports of field visits and special studies and surveys, 1941-45.

Naval Air Transport Service Division [862]

This Division, which was assigned to the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) in August 1943, inherited numerous functions (previously carried on by the Aviation Division of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations) related to the administration of the Naval Air Transport Service. The Naval Air Transport Service administered the scheduled air transportation of personnel, material, and mail for the Navy and the ferrying of naval aircraft from factories or modification centers to their ultimate destinations or to shipping points. Through the Naval Air Transport Command the Service supervised the air transport squadrons operating scheduled air transportation and such special flights as were required, and through the Naval Air Ferry Command it supervised the air ferry squadrons and service units. It also made air transportation available, when practicable, to other Government departments and agencies of the United States and to the Allied Nations.

In connection with the construction, improvement, and development of base facilities to support air transport and air ferry operations, the Naval Air Transport Service Division maintained liaison with other divisions of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, the several bureaus of the Navy Department, and the fleet activities. It maintained liaison with the Aviation Personnel Division and the Bureau of Naval Personnel on matters concerning air-transport personnel and with the Bureau of Aeronautics on matters concerning transport-aircraft design, engineering, maintenance, and performance. It also maintained liaison with the commands under the Army's Air Transport Command and with some divisions of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and bureaus of the Navy Department regarding matters affecting the naval ferry service. It was represented in the membership of the Joint Army-Navy Air Transport Committee. It prepared the Naval Air Transport Service Manual and Planning Manual. It established, supervised, and administered regulations relating to priorities for passengers, cargo, and mail, and established and supervised schedules and traffic rules. It was responsible for the coordination of training programs for flight and ground personnel in the Naval Air Transport Service, and it had cognizance of relations with commercial air carriers under contract to the Navy Department, including services, costs, and fees.

On February 10, 1945, the Naval Air Transport Service was reorganized as a Fleet Command within the naval forces. Thus it came under the direction of the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, though its administration through the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) was continued. After the war the Naval Air Transport Service Division became the Air Transport Branch of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

Records.--The general files of the Division, 1941-45, contain documents on operations of the Naval Air Transport Service, revision of the Naval Air Transport Service Manual, flight safety in relation to scheduled flights and

--586--

ferry operations, assignments to the Naval Air Transport Service, complements and allowance lists, budgeting, extra-hazard pay for flight, requests for authorizations for transportation, flight statistics, operation costs, and ground-controlled approach as an aid to flight safety. The unclassified section of this file, Dec. 1941-43 (26 feet), is in the National Archives; the section for 1944-45 and the classified section of the files, 1942-45, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Also in the center at Arlington are the following records of the Division, 1943-45: Reports and related material concerning its general personnel requirements, its operation, and legal aspects of Navy contracts with commercial airlines during the war; and copies of the correspondence, minutes, and reports of the Joint Army-Navy Air Transport Committee.

Aviation Division, Marine Corps [863]

The Aviation Division, Marine Corps, was set up in 1943 under the jurisdiction of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air). At its head was the Director of Aviation, Marine Corps, who in his capacity as Assistant Commandant (Air) of the Marine Corps acted as adviser to the Commandant on aviation matters and served as liaison officer between the Commandant of the Marine Corps and the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air). The Division was responsible for the planning, procurement, training, and distribution of Marine Corps aviation personnel, both regular and reserve, and for obtaining adequate equipment for the units of Marine Corps aviation. It submitted to the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) recommendations regarding the requirements of Marine Corps aviation for aircraft, matériel, and facilities, and for units used in air defense, including such specialized units as night fighters and air warning squadrons. It handled Marine Corps aviation budget affairs, inspected and reported on Marine Corps aviation facilities, collected and disseminated timely and useful information for Marine Corps aviation, and coordinated and administered public relations.

Records.--The records of the Division, 1943-45, are in the central files discussed in entry 843.

Office of the Assistant Chief of Naval Operations for Matériel [864]

The Assistant Chief of Naval Operations for Matériel, also known as ACNO (Matériel), was responsible for the execution of all matériel plans except those relating to aviation. In this capacity he had direction over seven divisions of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, which are discussed below.

Records.--Correspondence of this Assistant Chief is in the central files discussed in entry 843. A history, "ACNO (Matériel)" ([1946]. 170 p., typewritten), is in the Division of Naval Records and History.

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Fleet Maintenance Division [865]

At the time of its establishment on May 1, 1934, this Division had cognizance over the logistics of fleet readiness, the preparation of material war plans, and the procurement of material. After the reestablishment of the Materials Division in October 1941 and the subsequent transfer of material functions to the Office of Procurement and Material in January 1942, the Fleet Maintenance Division was relieved of its responsibility for procurement and of most of its responsibility for material planning.

During the war the Fleet Maintenance Division coordinated the efforts of the material bureaus, the forces afloat, and the navy yards in the maintenance of the material readiness of the fleet, including Coast Guard and Naval District craft, sea frontier forces, and Naval Transportation Service vessels. It was concerned with the extensive shipbuilding program of the Navy, including the construction and transportation of amphibious craft, and it had cognizance over the construction, acquisition, conversion, and commissioning of vessels until they could be turned over to the proper activity. It regulated the availability of foreign and United States naval vessels for repairs and alterations at navy yards in accordance with operating requirements, and it had cognizance of the repair, conversion, and upkeep of all types of naval vessels, including British and other Allied craft. It coordinated the work of the material bureaus and the Maritime Commission in installing armament and other defensive equipment on United States and Allied merchant vessels, was interested in the training and assignment of armed guard crews, and concerned itself with the maintenance of equipment and personnel on those vessels.

The Division devoted constant attention to the design of vessels and their armament and equipment. It handled matters pertaining to the location, assignment, and status of Naval District and utilitarian craft, assigned home yards to vessels, supervised the transfer, loan, disposal, and decommissioning of naval vessels, and removed names of ships from the Navy Register. In connection with all these activities, however, the Fleet Maintenance Division acted not as a planning but as an administrative agency. The work of the Division was carried on by several sections, each concerned with a special type of naval vessel. The Division was represented on the Ship Characteristics Board.

Records.--The general correspondence of the Division, 1939-45, is" in the central files discussed in entry 843. It relates to the over-all material readiness of naval vessels, liaison with and coordination of the material bureaus, correlation of ship acquisition and construction with operational and logistic requirements; the regulation of repair, preservation, and alteration activities at navy yards and other repair facilities; the designation of priorities for critical materials; and the promulgation of ship-disposal policies. In the Division are ship's jackets files relating to the material readiness of the Fleet, 1939-45; and operating-force plans, showing periodic assignments of vessels in the over-all organization of the Fleet, 1939-45. In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., are the Division's

--588--

ship's jackets files relating to the final disposal of vessels stricken from the Navy Register, during the period 1939-45. An unpublished history, "Fleet Maintenance Division" ([1946]. 184 p., typewritten), is in the Division of Naval Records and History.

Inspection Division [866]

This Division was organized under an act of August 5, 1882, as the Board of Inspection and Survey. It was transferred to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations on May 11, 1915, and since that date it has served as the Inspection Division of that Office, although it retains the designation of Board of Inspection and Survey. During the war it conducted inspections and trials of newly constructed naval vessels, including submarines and aircraft. It also conducted material inspections of all vessels, once in three years when practicable, or upon their return from foreign stations. It appraised naval vessels that were to be sold. It worked in close cooperation with the Fleet Maintenance Division of the Office of Naval Operations and with the Office of the Secretary of the Navy. The Board was assisted in its work by regional and sub-boards, which were under its direction.

The work of the Division was directed by the President of the Board of Inspection and Survey. Serving on the Board were Construction, Engineering, and Ordnance members, who conducted inspections and trials in their respective fields; and Aviation and Submarine members, who supervised the inspections and trials of aircraft and submarines.

Records.---In the custody of the Board of Inspection and Survey are case files for naval vessels and aircraft, still in commission, that have undergone inspection by the Board. These files contain copies of inspection reports, dispatches, commissioning records, instructions to regional and sub-boards in the field, schedules of inspections, specifications and construction data, blueprints, precepts for inspectors, memoranda, and photographs of vessels. Such case files, with decommissioning data added, are sent to the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., when the ships to which they relate have been stricken from the Navy Register, and subsequently the files are transferred to the National Archives. The files for craft so stricken, 1939-45, are in the National Archives. Records of the Board in the Center at Arlington include its general files, 1939-45, pertaining to the periodic and special inspection of sea and air craft, involving supervision and review of sub-boards, participation by the Board itself in inspections, the issuance of instructions relating to administrative and technical aspects of inspections, and the administration and operation of the Board.

Base Maintenance Division [867]

Early in 1942 the Naval Districts Division of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations was renamed the Base Maintenance Division. In 1943 and 1944 the mounting pressure of operational plans and the effort to keep logistic supply abreast of those plans brought frequent change in the activities and internal organization of the Division. During the latter part

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of the war its organization included Advance Base, Base Defense, and Naval Districts Sections, each of which had several subsections.

The Division coordinated and directed the establishment, development, maintenance, and defense of home and overseas bases and coordinated matters relating to harbor and coastal defense and to internal security and passive defense in the Shore Establishment. The Division also had cognizance of and maintained control over the general organization and administration of the Naval Districts. It directed and coordinated the activities of the several bureaus and other units of the Navy Department in the assembly and preparation for shipment of personnel and material for the establishment and development of overseas bases. It determined policy for the maintenance of these advance bases in order to assure the continuous and efficient support of the fleet. It coordinated all mine-warfare and bomb-disposal activities under the cognizance of the Chief of Naval Operations; determined requirements and allowances for fixed underwater detection and shore-based radio equipment, net and boom material, and related personnel; and determined war-reserve requirements of component material for advance-base operations and the proper distribution of such material.

Records.--The Division's general correspondence, 1939-45, is in the central files discussed in entry 843. It relates to the establishment, development, maintenance, and defense of naval bases and the organization of Naval Districts; harbor and coastal defense; mines, mine sweeping, mine laying, and disposal of mines and bombs; mine warfare, and degaussing; leases, permits, and licenses relating to land used for bases; floating drydocks; the formulation of standard units and functional components for the establishment of different types of activities at overseas bases; the status of base installations; requirements for components and maintenance material; the control of distribution centers and depots; the. scheduling of material for overseas shipment; the loading and shipment of functional components; the coordination of activities relating to the establishment, maintenance, and reduction of home bases; the organization, administration, and activation of Construction Battalion units; requirements and allowances for harbor defense equipment and personnel; internal security; aids to navigation; liaison with the Coast Guard; and postwar planning.

Wartime records of the Division in its custody include the following: Project files relating to installations at advance bases and movements of components to advance bases, 1942-45; project studies of failures occurring in operations for the establishment and maintenance of advance bases and recommendations for remedial measures, 1943-45; summary reports on advance base personnel and facilities, 1942-45; correspondence on the establishment and development of individual advance bases, 1942-45; and an inventory of United States naval installations outside the continental limits, 1939-45. These files also contain correspondence about plans for laying mine fields within the continental sea frontiers, the coordination of activities of mine schools, the dissemination of mine-warfare information, mine-laying and bomb-disposal operations, and mine-sweeping equipment and bomb- and mine-disposal equipment, 1942-45; and charts for war plans and intelligence

--590--

reports on mines, mine sweeping, mine laying, and degaussing, 1942-45. Also in the Division are copies of its printed compilations, among the most significant of which are the "Directory of U.S. Naval Advance Bases," "Catalogue of Advance Base Functional Components," "Abridged Advance Base Initial Outfitting Lists," "Assembly Lists," and "Advance Base Schedule."

Records of the Division in the National Archives include records relating to waterfront security and the internal security of naval shore establishments, 1941-45 (49 feet), including documents on such matters as the training of Coast Guard police, the inspection of private plants under naval contract, and security checks on personnel employed at such plants; correspondence about the assignment of prisoners of war in various Naval Districts, June 1944-June 1946 (5 feet); photographs showing net installations, equipment, and special mooring projects, and the pictorial history of units "Lion 2" and "Lion 4" (large advance bases), 1944-45; and charts and graphs relating to the personnel and progress of advance bases, 1944-45.

Unpublished histories concerning the Division, "Base Maintenance Division" ([1946]. 196 p., typewritten) and "Internal Security Division" ([1946]. 56 p., typewritten), are in the Division of Naval Records and History.

See Navy Department, Bureau of Yards and Docks, Building the Navy's Bases in World War II (1947. 2 vols.).

Electronics Division [868]

This Division, established in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations on January 1, 1945, took over and expanded some of the functions relating to electronics that were formerly under the cognizance of the Communications Division. It was responsible for the military characteristics of electronic equipment (exclusive of communication and aviation applications), allowances (exclusive of aviation, communication, and ordnance equipment), development, requirements, procurement, priorities, and distribution relating to radio, radar, sonar, Loran, and similar equipment. It coordinated, directed, approved, and established policies, programs, and curricula for the individual training of electronics personnel, other than communications operators and aviation personnel. It was responsible for operational and tactical analysis of information concerning electronics, other than as applied to communications.

Records.--Administrative correspondence of the Division, 1945, is in central files discussed in entry 843. Records of the Division in the successor Electronics Branch include reports on enemy or foreign electronics developments, 1944-45; a subject index to sources of important electronics information, 1944-45; files on countermeasures projects, containing a historical record of the development of individual projects and related research, including test reports, records of demonstrations, operational tests, and design data, 1944-45; records concerning the planning, development, installation, and operation of Loran (long-range navigational aid), IFF (Identification: Friend or Foe) equipment, altimeters, radar beacons, reconnaissance

--591--

television, radio control, blind-landing and control systems for aircraft, and electronic meteorological aids, 1943-45.

Naval Transportation Service Division [869]

This Division was, in a sense, a revival of the Naval Overseas Transportation Service of World War I that had been established in the former Operating Forces Division of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations on January 9, 1918. On July 3, 1920, the Naval Overseas Transportation Service became the Naval Transportation Service and was put under the direction of the former Ship Movements Division. Late in 1939 port directors were established in the principal Naval Districts, in which the ports of New York and San Francisco were the most important, and a uniform plan of preparation, "Port Director--Guide for Peacetime Preparation for War," was completed and distributed. The Director of Naval Transportation Service was appointed on December 10, 1941, and the Naval Transportation Service Division was set up on January 26, 1942.

During the war the Division determined the current and prospective shipping requirements for the Navy exclusive of those of the operating forces of the fleets and made long-range plans for the allocation of merchant-type ships by the War Shipping Administration to the Navy. It procured merchant-type vessels over 1,000 tons gross by charter or purchase from the United States Maritime Commission or the War Shipping Administration, for use by the Navy as auxiliaries. It coordinated the planning of transportation of personnel and cargo for initial movements to outlying and advance bases, operated vessels of the Naval Transportation Service and ships allocated to the Navy by the War Shipping Administration in logistic support of operating forces and bases, and arranged for the shipment of patrol boats, landing craft, and certain types of Army aircraft and for towing in the Atlantic and the Pacific. It operated the Naval Transportation Service tankers, directed the movement and assignment of allocated tankers, and coordinated any fuel requirements of fleets and bases that required action by the Navy Department.

The Division administered the port directors' organizations; coordinated the procurement, training, and assignment of personnel for these organizations at advance bases; and coordinated their activities with the Convoy and Routing Section of Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet. It gathered data on the transportation situation at ports, harbors, and stations; maintained records showing the characteristics of merchant-type vessels; and edited "Vessels not on the Navy List: Merchant Vessels Under U.S. Control" and its monthly supplements. Toward the close of the war the Division devoted attention to the study of postwar needs for auxiliary and merchant vessels and prepared recommendations for the Chief of Naval Operations on tonnage reserves for national defense.

Records.--The following records of the Division are in its possession: Correspondence on the coordination of activities of port directors, port-director personnel, convoy management and routing policies, routing instructions, and relations with foreign countries, 1941-45; port-facilities

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files, 1941-45; containing published and manuscript data on the physical characteristics of major ports in the United States and other countries; and armed-guard files, 1940-45, relating to the installation and maintenance of armed-guard units aboard merchant vessels.

The general files of the Division and its predecessors, 1939-45, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Included are materials concerning the logistic support of the fleet by the Naval Transportation Service, the functions and activities of port directors and convoy and routing officers, the administration and operation of the Division, the administration and operation of vessels under the cognizance of the Service, Service personnel, orders from the Chief of Naval Operations and compliance therewith, merchant ship losses, relations with the United States Maritime Commission and the War Shipping Administration, policies for the outfitting of merchant vessels, and statistics on the number and location of merchant vessels. Other records of the Division in the Center at Arlington are merchant ship and convoy files, 1941-45, containing material relating to each United States merchant convoy and listing dates of arrival and departure, cargo, routes taken, number of craft involved, personnel aboard, related dispatches, summaries of voyages, names of the naval vessels in the convoy, and summaries of other routine incidents.

Records of port director offices, 1940-45, consisting of contracts for the operation of United States naval tankers by private operators, movement and operational data on ships, logs of harbor services, records relating to the charter of private vessels, and reports of inspections of merchant vessels, are in the nearest naval records management center.

See Duncan S. Ballantine, "Naval Transportation," in Public Administration Review, 5: 342-349 (Autumn 1945).

Postwar Planning Division [870]

This Division, established late in 1944, was responsible for imple- menting the basic postwar plans developed by the Plans Division of the Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet. It prepared for the consideration of the Chief of Naval Operations directives to cognizant activities for the preparation of subsidiary logistic plans and maintained liaison with those activities in this connection; it checked subsidiary logistic plans to insure their conformity with basic postwar plans, the decisions of the Commander in Chief and the Chief of Naval Operations, and the directives of the latter; and it initiated action to keep the subsidiary logistic plans current with changes in basic postwar plans.

Records.--The location of the records of this Division has not been determined.

Boards in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations [871]

The divisional organization of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations was supplemented by several boards and other units, some temporary and some continuing. A few of these boards served within

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the regular divisions of the Office; one, the Board of Inspections and Survey, was considered as the Inspection Division of the Office (see entry 866); and a few others operated in a semi-independent status. The most important of the last type were the Logistics Organization Planning Unit, the Shore Station Development Board, and the Ship Characteristics Board. These and other boards are discussed below.

Records.--The records of some of the several quasi-independent boards and other special units of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations are in the central files discussed in entry 843; the records of other boards are in their or their successors' custody; the records of still others are in the National Archives. The records and their location are discussed in the separate entries below.

Logistics Organization Planning Unit [872]

At the invitation of the Navy Department the Bureau of the Budget early in 1944 made a study of the logistic functions of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, and in March of that year the Bureau made recommendations for more detailed planning of requirements and a continuous review by the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations of bureau requirement and distribution schedules. On April 1, 1944, the Chief of Naval Operations established the Logistics Organization Planning Unit. To the Unit was assigned a threefold task: (1) To strengthen the logistic (surface and air) planning organization of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations;

(2) to make quickly an over-all logistic plan (surface and air) for the all-out phases of the war in the Pacific, based on the premises that maximum requirements would thereby be approximated and that subsequent refinements, especially for intervening phases, could be obtained by periodic adjustment; and

(3) to establish strong decentralized administrative machinery under central planning and to schedule control for efficient distribution, including inventory and replenishment control of stocks. The unit submitted its Overall Logistic Plan in September 1944, and upon the completion of its work it was discontinued.

Records.--The records of the Logistics Organization Planning Unit are among the classified central files discussed in entry 843.

Shore Station Development Board [873]

This Board, originally established in 1916, was reorganized in December 1939. Its membership consisted of permanent representatives of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and the Bureau of Yards and Docks and temporary representatives of bureaus and offices when projects they sponsored came under consideration by the Board. Functioning as a general planning agency for naval public works, the Board was responsible for planning and maintaining shore stations adequate in number, location, and equipment to support the fleet in a state of readiness for war and

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to serve the fleet in time of war. Because of wartime pressures the Board was limited to the consideration of individual projects already developed to the point where any extensive modification would cause damaging delay. On June 10, 1942, the Secretary of the Navy suspended the functions of the Board.

Records.--In the Office of Naval Material of the Executive Office of the Secretary of the Navy are records of the Board, 1939-42, consisting of case files containing correspondence and memoranda on the review of proposed construction projects as to their logistic value. Correspondence of the Board, 1940-41 (1 foot), is in the National Archives.

Ship Characteristics Board [874]

This Board was established on March 15, 1945, and there were transferred to it the records of the Interior Control Board, which was thereupon abolished, and the responsibility of that Board for assuring that the complements, battle stations, and material combat facilities of naval vessels met requirements for all phases of naval warfare. The Board maintained close liaison with the Navy's General Board, naval planning agencies, and forces afloat to determine the tactical requirements of ships and to evaluate trends in the development of ship characteristics; advised the General Board of these trends and in conjunction with the Fleet Maintenance Division reviewed with the bureaus the military characteristics laid down by the General Board; made recommendations designed to standardize the characteristics of ships under construction; and maintained close liaison with the Board of Inspection and Survey for the purpose of resolving conflicts among various desired characteristics.

Records.--The records of the Board, 1940-45, are in its custody. They relate to policy determinations concerning physical characteristics of naval vessels; liaison with naval research agencies, the Fleet Maintenance Division, material bureaus, and the Board of Inspection and Survey; and major alterations in existing vessels and in plans for vessels under construction.

Home Base Development Council [875]

In 1944 the Secretary of the Navy directed the bureaus of the Department to survey their facilities and determine whether any could be eliminated or consolidated. He created the Home Base Development Council to pass on all new projects. Under a new procedure established on May 5, 1944, projects were cleared through the Bureau of Yards and Docks to the Vice Chief of Naval Operations, for whom the Home Base Development Council acted. The Council, prepared lists of approved projects and forwarded them to the Secretary of the Navy through the Vice Chief of Naval Operations. The Base Maintenance Division was represented in the membership of the Council.

Records.--The minutes of the Council, 1944-45, are in the National Archives.

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Auxiliary Vessel Board [876]

This Board, which was established on January 23, 1941, had cognizance over the programs for naval auxiliary vessels. During the war it coordinated demands from all sources for the acquisition of merchant ships and their conversion into naval auxiliaries.

Records.--The records of the Board, 1941-45, consisting of its reports and a small amount of correspondence, are in the Military Sea Transport Service of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

District Craft Development Board [877]

This Board, which was established in 1931, studied existing yard and harbor craft in relation to actual and prospective needs and considered and recommended building and conversion programs for patrol vessels, net tenders, coastal mine layers and mine sweepers, and special types of escort vessels. After the war it considered matters relating to the disposal of such craft. It operated through sub-boards established in the Naval Districts.

Records.--The records of the Board, 1939-45, are in the Fleet Maintenance Division of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. They consist of reports and correspondence of the Board and its sub-boards relating to logistic requirements for Naval District craft and to policies for the disposal of such craft.

Permanent Uniform Board [878]

This Board was established by the Secretary of the Navy on January 8, 1945. It was responsible for studying designs and materials for naval uniforms and special clothing, preparing general specifications for naval uniforms, and establishing allowances and methods of procedure for the procurement and issue of uniforms.

Records.--The records of the Board, 1945, are among the records of the Clothing Division of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. They consist of reports on special types of clothing, test reports, photographs, and minutes.

HEADQUARTERS OF COMMANDER IN CHIEF, UNITED STATES FLEET [879]

At the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and for some years before that the naval forces of the United States were under the immediate direction of the Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet; the Commander in Chief, Asiatic Fleet; and the Commander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet. These fleets constituted the United States Fleet, and the Commander in Chief (frequently referred to as CinCUS) was the senior officer among the Commanders in Chief of the three fleets; he served under the general direction of the Chief of Naval Operations. On December 7, 1941, Admiral Husband E. Kimmel was Commander in Chief, United States Fleet.

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By an Executive order of December 18, 1941, the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, was removed from the authority of the Chief of Naval Operations, was given supreme command of the operating forces comprising the several fleets and other operating forces of the United States Navy and the naval coastal frontier commands, and was made directly responsible, under the general direction of the Secretary, of the Navy, to the President of the United States. The order directed that the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, should be provided with the staff necessary to make available for evaluation all pertinent information and naval intelligence, to prepare and execute plans for current war operations, to conduct operational duties, to effect essential communications, and to direct the training essential for carrying out operations. The order further provided that the Commander in Chief should keep the Chief of Naval Operations informed on the logistic and other needs of the operating forces, and in turn should be informed by him on the extent to which those needs could be met. To facilitate close liaison with the Navy Department, the order provided that the principal office of the Commander in Chief should be in the Navy Department, unless otherwise directed.

On December 20, 1941, Admiral Ernest J. King was appointed Commander in Chief, United States Fleet (the symbol of the new command being CominCh [formerly "CINCUS"--an unfortunate acronym changed after the Pearl Harbor attack. --HyperWar], and he established Headquarters in Washington on December 30, 1941. By an Executive order of March 12, 1942, provision was made for one officer to hold the two offices of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, and Chief of Naval Operations (see entry 843). Admiral King was given the dual assignment and held it until after the end of the war. Both the Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, and the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations were located in Washington, and the two organizations cooperated closely in the performance of their respective duties. Both commands, however, had their own separate staff organizations and operating divisions and their own file rooms.

In the early part of 1945 the principal organizational units of Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, were those that are separately described below. The Headquarters ceased to exist on October 10, 1945. Its principal functions passed to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Most of its records were transferred to the Office of Naval Records and Library, which later became the Division of Naval Records and History. [As of 2009, renamed the Naval History & Heritage Command. --HyperWar]

Records.--The records of the Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, include not only the records that document the activities of the Commander in Chief, his staff, and the divisions that made up the organization of Headquarters. They include also the many reports, war diaries, operational plans, and other documents that day by day were sent in to Headquarters by the combat units of the fleet, in which are documented the operations of the United States fleets during the war. Most of the records were kept by one filing unit for the Headquarters as a whole. Unless otherwise indicated these records are in the custody of the Division of Naval Records and History.

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The central files of Headquarters, arranged according to the Navy Filing Manual, consist of correspondence, reports, and related records, 1942-45 (1,100 feet), that reflect all interests and activities of the several organizational units that constituted Headquarters. Another series of Headquarters records (300 feet) includes miscellaneous records, reports, and publications. The principal operational files include operations plans and orders (40 feet), war diaries (900 feet), action reports (800 feet), and reports of submarine patrols (25 feet) and aircraft patrols (25 feet). These contain the contemporary record of the wartime activities of all the units of the fleet, including task forces, groups, squadrons, divisions, and individual ships; the submarine and aircraft patrols; and the sea frontiers, Naval Districts, and other units of the Naval Shore Establishment. There are both photostat and microfilm copies of most of these records. An unpublished history by Commander Walter M. Whitehill, USNR, "Commander in Chief, United States Fleet Headquarters" (1946. 247 p., typewritten), is also in the Division of Naval Records and History.

Office of the Commander in Chief [880]

The Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, was assisted by a number of officials who may be considered as constituting his immediate office. The Chief of Staff of the United States Fleet was responsible for the execution of the plans and orders of the Commander in Chief as supreme commander of all the operating forces of the Navy. The Deputy Chief of Staff relieved the Chief of Staff of much general administrative detail. The Deputy Commander in Chief was the principal adviser to the Commander in Chief on matters of military and naval policy and in connection with the commander's duties as a member of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Joint Board. The Flag Secretary and the Flag Lieutenant were in charge of administrative details, such as personnel, mail, files, and public relations.

Records.--The records of the Commander in Chief and his staff are in the central records of Headquarters, described in entry 879.

Plans Division [881]

This Division developed from the War Plans Division of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations after some of the functions of the latter Division were transferred to Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, in January 1942. Throughout the war the Plans Division prepared current and long-term strategic plans and estimates that were submitted to the Joint Chiefs of Staff for approval. The Assistant Chief of Staff for Plans and the Assistant Plans Officer were the naval members of the Joint Staff Planners, who did the strategic planning for the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and who because of these duties represented the Joint Chiefs of Staff as members of the Combined Staff Planners. They were responsible for preparing studies and war plans relating to the joint and combined employment of the military forces of the United Nations in the conduct of the war. Other officers in the Plans Division served as members of the

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Joint War Plans Committee, which prepared plans and studies for the Joint Staff Planners, who submitted them for approval to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Plans Division was the principal coordinating agency for implementing the decisions of the Joint Chiefs of Staff with respect to naval forces or joint Army-Navy forces in areas commanded by naval officers. In performing its functions the Division maintained close liaison with the Logistic Plans Division of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, with other planning units of the Navy Department, and with the Operations Division of the War Department General Staff.

The Plans Division consisted of the Pacific, Atlantic, Sea Frontier, Future Plans, Aviation Planning, and Marine Corps Sections. The Pacific and Atlantic Sections were concerned with the preparation of strategic plans and estimates for their respective areas. The Sea Frontier Section became the Postwar Naval Planning and Sea Frontier Section on October 1, 1944, and assumed additional functions in collaboration with the Postwar Planning Division of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. The Future Plans Section concerned itself exclusively with plans for future campaigns and operations. The Aviation Planning Section was set up on August 1, 1944, and the Marine Corps Section was not separately established until the end of hostilities in the Pacific area. The Plans Division, through its several sections, worked in close cooperation during the war with the Joint Strategic Committee and the Joint Planning Committee.

Records.--The records of the Division, consisting largely of operation plans, orders, and related materials, are in the central records of Headquarters, described in entry 879.

Operations Division [882]

This Division was formed by the transfer of certain functions of the former Ship Movements Division of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations to Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet. It acquired other duties as a result of the transfer in May 1942 of the Convoy and Routing Division from the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Many other operational functions and activities were assumed by the Operations Division in connection with its duty of advising the Commander in Chief on the operations of the fleets and forces of the United States and the Allied Nations. The Division kept a constant check on fleet organizations, the allocation of ships, and their adequacy to carry out given operations.

The Division's Operations Officer acted as liaison officer with other units of Headquarters, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, and corresponding offices in the War Department. The Communications Officer was responsible for the coordination, control, and supervision of the communications of the Commander in Chief with the several fleets. The Current Operations (Fleets) Section was concerned with operations in both the Atlantic and the Pacific. The Sea Frontiers Section assisted the Operations Officer in matters concerned with operations within the sea frontiers. The Assistant Operations

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(Air) Section aided the Operations Officer in connection with the operations of the air forces. The Operational Information Section maintained a "war room" for the benefit of officers entitled to a general view, though not a complete picture, of future operations. The Convoy and Routing Section, which had functioned as a section in the Ship Movements Division and then as a division in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations before its transfer to Headquarters in May 1942, had cognizance of all matters relating to the routing and control of merchant convoys and shipping. This Section was transferred to the Tenth Fleet (Antisubmarine Division) of Headquarters in June 1943 but was returned to the Operations Division when the Tenth Fleet was dissolved at the end of hostilities in Europe.

Records.--The records of the Division are in the central records of Headquarters, described in entry 879.

Readiness Division [883]

This Division was responsible for initiating the action necessary to insure the readiness of the fleet to carry out operations as planned. It therefore engaged in continuous checking on the indoctrination and training of the forces afloat; the techniques of engineering, gunnery, and other shipboard activities; and the suitability and usefulness of material prepared for the fleet by the technical bureaus. The Division was formed from the Fleet Training Division, which was transferred from the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations to Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, in January 1942. The transferred functions and personnel were reassigned to form three major sections, the Readiness, Training, and Instruction (later Indoctrination) Sections.

The Division's Readiness Section was concerned with standardizing conditions of readiness for action, handling special projects and developments, and "trouble shooting" of all sorts. The Training Section was responsible for the fleet's readiness in gunnery, ordnance, and other matters relating to combat duty. The Indoctrination Section was responsible for formulating standard doctrines and methods; reproducing and distributing training and indoctrination material; maintaining fleet tactical publications; microfilming the vast collection of war diaries, action reports, and other combat records; and administering the Microfilm Library and the Photographic Library of Headquarters. Other sections, with functions indicated by their names, that were added from time to time were the Antisubmarine, Amphibious Warfare, Tactical Analysis, Aviation, Radar, Research and Development, and Special Defense Sections.

Records.--The records of the Division consist primarily of war diaries, action reports, and reports of submarine patrols and air patrols. About 97,000 of these reports were received during the war and were promptly microfilmed to make them available for rapid and controlled review. The Microfilm Library, consisting of some 1800 reels of 35 mm. microfilm, is in the Division of Naval Records and History.

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Combat Intelligence Division [884]

This Division was the principal source of information on the location and employment of United States and enemy naval forces. It studied the enemy's strength and disposition, his ability to resist, and his probable reactions and degree of opposition. It was responsible for the continuous examination of enemy capabilities and potentialities in order that the naval forces of the United States might be used with the greatest effectiveness. The Division was set up on July 1, 1943, by combining intelligence and security-control functions that had formerly been exercised in the Plans Division and the Operations Division of Headquarters. The Assistant Chief of Staff of Combat Intelligence served not only as head of the Combat Intelligence Division of Headquarters but also as Director of Naval Intelligence in charge of the Intelligence Division of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Generally speaking, the former Division had cognizance over operational intelligence, and the latter over strategic intelligence.

The Division was divided into the Atlantic, the Pacific, and the Operational Summaries Sections. The primary function of the Atlantic Section was to correlate, evaluate, and disseminate naval intelligence of operational or combat significance, particularly in connection with submarine activity in the Atlantic area. The primary function of the Pacific Section was to assemble, evaluate, and disseminate information relating to continental Asia, general and diplomatic affairs, and the naval strength, naval air strength, and merchant shipping strength of Japan. The Operational Summaries Section was responsible for information regarding the location and employment of United States naval vessels and task forces. The Security Control Officer had general supervision over security policies in Headquarters, including such matters as the review of documents thought to be classified improperly and the granting of access to classified documents in the Office of Naval Records and Library. The Publicity Security Officer was responsible for the security review of naval material to be released for publication. The Navy Section, Joint Security Control, was concerned with the security of naval war plans and joint war plans.

The Division maintained a well-organized chart room, where comprehensive and detailed information regarding current and future operations was available for a limited number of officers who needed such information in the discharge of their duties.

Records.--Most of the records of the Division are in the central records of Headquarters, described in entry 879.

Antisubmarine Division [885]

The Antisubmarine Division, known also as the Tenth Fleet, functioned from the spring of 1943 to the end of hostilities in Europe. It had cognizance of all operations, matériel, and personnel involved in antisubmarine operations, including defensive and offensive measures, techniques, training, and practices. The Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, served as Commander of the Tenth Fleet, but the details of its operations

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were handled by the Commander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet, and the commanders of sea frontiers. It gave special emphasis to instruction and training and issued a monthly bulletin to disseminate promptly information on the rapidly changing situation in antisubmarine warfare. It made use of the Aircraft Antisubmarine Warfare Detachment, which had been established by the Commander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet, as a laboratory for the development of matériel and tactics.

Records.--The records of the Tenth Fleet are in the central records of Headquarters, described in entry 879.
[See also Antisubmarine Warfare in World War II (Report No. 51 of the Operations Evaluation Group) --HyperWar]

Office of the Naval Inspector General [886]

The Office of the Naval Inspector General was set up in Headquarters of Commander in Chief, United States Fleet on May 18, 1942. As an agent of the Commander in Chief and Chief of Naval Operations, the Naval Inspector General was responsible for inquiring into and reporting upon all matters that affected the efficiency and economy of the naval service. His activities covered the field of naval organization and administration; discipline and training; naval construction, ordnance, aviation, and logistics; and naval bases and stations; and even included diplomatic investigations when naval personnel was involved. During the war his Office completed 112 full-scale inspections or investigations and handled in memorandum form 15 additional cases of high security classification. It maintained close liaison with the inspection activities of other offices and bureaus of the Navy Department, but since these inspection organizations were not coordinated under any central agency they made independent reports to their respective commanders.

Records.--The records of the Office are in the central records of Headquarters, described in entry 879.

BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY [887]

[See also "Bureau of Medicine and Surgery" in Administration of the Navy Department in World War II,
Bureau of Medicine and Surgery: The United States Navy Medical Department at War, 1941-1945, and
History of the Medical Department of the U.S. Navy in World War II --HyperWar]

The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, known also as BuMed, was established in 1842, with the Surgeon General of the Navy as its Chief. It was responsible during World War II for the maintenance of the health of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, for the care of the sick, the injured, and the dead, and for the professional and technical training of the officers, nurses, and enlisted personnel that made up the Medical Department of the Navy. It managed and controlled the naval hospitals and other naval medical establishments, such as the National Naval Medical Center, medical supply depots and storehouses, laboratories, and technical schools. It controlled the preparation, storage, and issue of supplies used by the Medical Department and provided for the organization and administration of medical departments of naval ships and stations.

The Bureau directed health and sanitary inspections throughout the Naval Establishment; advised with appropriate units of the Navy Department concerning health and sanitation matters in relation to ships, buildings, clothing, food, water supply, transportation of the wounded, and the like; and approved

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the design of naval hospitals, hospital ships, and other medical structures as regards provision for the care of the sick and wounded. It provided for the physical examination of officers and enlisted personnel of the entire Navy to determine selection for or retention in the naval service, and it passed on the professional competency of personnel of the Hospital Corps. It recommended to the Bureau of Naval Personnel the complement of Medical Department personnel for ships and stations and the assignment and duties of Medical, Dental, and Hospital Corps personnel.

The personnel that carried out the services and health programs of the Naval Establishment constituted the Medical Department. It consisted of the Medical Corps, Dental Corps, Nurse Corps, and Hospital Corps; the civilians employed in the Bureau and field facilities; a small group of civilian members of the medical profession who acted as honorary consultants to the Bureau; and the Surgeon General and his professional naval assistants. With the exception of the Nurse Corps, all Medical Department corps were under three authorities involving personnel management, technical direction, and military command. Enlistments, appointments, assignments, and other personnel-management activities affecting members of the Medical, Dental, and Hospital Corps were under the cognizance of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, which acted in these matters upon the recommendation of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. Technical command of the professional activities of Medical Department personnel was the responsibility of the Surgeon General. Military command of Medical Department naval personnel was vested in the commanding officer of the area or activity in which the medical facility to which they were assigned was located. The Nurse Corps was under the direction of the Surgeon General, who carried out the administrative functions relating to the Corps. Action concerning personnel management of the Nurse Corps, such as assignment or transfer of officers, was made by direction of the Surgeon General under orders issued by the Bureau of Naval Personnel.

During the war the activities and personnel of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery and the entire medical establishment were greatly expanded. The organizational structure of the Bureau, however, though modified from time to time, was not fundamentally changed. The major organizational units are described below as they existed near the end of the war.

Records.--During the war, as for many years before the war, the greater part of the records of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery of an administrative or general nature, consisting of correspondence, memoranda, reports, and other materials from all divisions and other administrative units of the Bureau, were kept in its central files. The central files are organized according to the Navy Filing Manual and are divided into two parts, the "secret and confidential files" (35 feet), and the "unclassified files" (1,000 feet). As documents in the former part are declassified, they are transferred to and incorporated in the latter. Both classified and unclassified central files for 1939-41 are in the National Archives; of those for the remainder of the war, the classified section is in the Bureau's Administration Division and the secret and confidential section in its Planning Division.

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In each Division some series of specialized character or other records that were considered to be necessary for daily operations, many of them duplicates of those in the central files, were separately maintained. Records appraised as not having continuing value have been destroyed or scheduled for destruction after the passage of specified periods of time; only those considered to be of sufficient value to justify ultimate transfer to a naval records depository or the National Archives are mentioned below.

Headquarters Offices

Office of the Surgeon General [888]

For the entire period of the war Vice Admiral Ross T. Mclntire was Surgeon General of the Navy. In his Office was centered responsibility for the administration of the Medical Department of the Navy. As Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery he was responsible to the Secretary of the Navy for all matters affecting the Bureau, and he was the agent of the Chief of Naval Operations for all activities of the Bureau relating to the preparation and readiness of naval forces for war. His principal aides were the Assistant Chief; the Civilian Assistant, who served as the Bureau's legislative representative; and the Special Assistant, not a single individual assigned for permanent duty but a succession of officers called from the field to serve for limited periods as special assistants on special problems. From 1942 to 1945 a single individual, assigned to management engineering duties, held the position of Special Assistant; during most of that time he served also as Chief of the Administration Division.

Records.--No separately maintained records of this Office are known to exist. Wartime records of the Office in the central files of the Bureau include correspondence, reports, memoranda, directives, and other records relating to the administration of the Medical Department, medical aspects of the conduct of the war, research on medical and collateral subjects, legislation pertaining to the Medical Department, and liaison with nonmedical bureaus and other units of the Navy Department. They include monthly and quarterly reports of the Chief of the Bureau to the Secretary of the Navy on the work of the Bureau, its administrative accomplishments, and improvement in its administrative management; directives of the Chief of the Bureau concerning Bureau appointments, shifts in functions among divisions, reorganizations of divisions, and definitions of functions of divisions; and correspondence concerning proposed legislation on science and medical research, appropriations for medical care and the procurement of drugs and medicines, and legislation on postwar education.

Among the important reports in the central files are a typed "Survey of Medical Supply Activities of the Medical Department," Oct. 1943; a report on "Medical Facilities Available Aboard the U.S.S. Altamaha," Apr. 1943, prepared as a guide for fitting out new or changing old medical departments aboard ship to meet the conditions of modern warfare; a printed leaflet containing an account of a radio interview with Vice Admiral Mclntire, Nov. 3, 1944, on "Preventive Medicine in the Navy"; and reports

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by Medical Corps officers on such medical meetings as the Second Pan-American Ophthalmological Congress and the Third Border Public Health Conference.

Administration Division [889]

This Division maintained the unclassified portion of the central files of the Bureau and provided other facilitating services; handled Bureau budgetary matters and claims for expenses incurred for medical, dental, and hospital treatment and for funeral expenses; and had staff responsibility for the care, transportation, and burial of the Navy's dead. In 1943 the Division was made responsible for dealing with the administrative-management problems of the Bureau, including records administration; for handling certain personnel-management functions transferred from the Personnel Division; for internal security functions formerly exercised by the Planning Division; and for the preparation of a narrative administrative history of the Medical Department during World War II.

Records.--Most of the wartime records of the Division are in the central files of the Bureau. These records reflect the varied administrative functions of the Bureau. They contain correspondence and memoranda about the maintenance of physical security within the Bureau, badges and passes for civilian workers and visitors, and personnel authorized to sign for security-classified documents; correspondence concerning relations with the Government Printing Office; and instructions on the disposal of office supplies and equipment by shore establishments. The Division's records administration function is documented in correspondence with organizational units through-oul the Bureau and the Medical Department on required reports, the reduction of paper work, and filing methods; correspondence concerning the preservation of hospital records, relations with the National Archives, and the destruction or transfer of inactive records; instructions for the compilation of inventories and disposition schedules of records; inventories of medical records and lists of such records destroyed or transferred to naval records management centers; monthly reports from those centers; and correspondence and memoranda on the removal of fuel-oil stains from records. The Division's history-writing functions are documented in historical reports from naval medical installations; the historical supplement to the Fourth Quarterly Sanitary Report for 1945, summarizing historical data for the war period; and correspondence, circular letters, orders, instructions, and related material pertaining to the preparation of the naval medical history of World War II and the preservation and exhibit of historical pictures and relics.

Materials accumulated in the preparation of a history of the Medical Department (13 feet) are in the National Archives. They include a comprehensive compilation of references and bibliographies pertaining particularly to naval medicine during the period 1775-1945; sanitary reports and supplements to sanitary reports made by medical officers stationed at medical activities on ships and ashore, 1943-45; battle narratives giving a history of major battles from the viewpoint of the medical officers participating in the

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engagements, 1944-45; and a history entitled "United States Navy Medical Department Administrative History, 1941-1945" (1,042 p., processed).

Separately maintained records in the Division include the following: Correspondence with next of kin concerning the return of remains to the United States for burial (filed in the health record jackets maintained by the Division of Physical Qualifications and Medical Records upon return of the remains to the United States); correspondence with next of kin relating to burials at sea and missing members of the Navy; reports of casualties, consisting of forms, letters, and telegrams; death record cards; records of complements of civilian personnel authorized for medical field activities; and a register of Medical Department forms.

Planning Division [890]

This Division prepared general plans and developed broad programs for the Medical Department; provided for the integration of Bureau plans with those of other bureaus and offices of the Navy Department; briefed and filed the security-classified mail of the Bureau; and reviewed and made recommendations on such aspects of the construction program for medical facilities as real estate acquisitions, the design of installations, and maintenance and repair projects for field activities. It represented the Bureau on the Joint Army and Navy Munitions Board, the Joint Board, the Federal Specifications Executive Committee, and other boards and committees, and it was responsible for liaison on behalf of the Bureau with the Chief of Naval Operations, the Bureau of Ships, the Surgeon General of the Army, the United States Public Health Service, and Congress. Through its Combat Medical Planning Branch the Division coordinated Medical Department functions relating to the Marine Corps and amphibious combat operations.

Records.--Most of the wartime records of the Division are in the central files of the Bureau. They include correspondence and related materials pertaining to the construction of buildings and to personnel; memoranda, lists, estimates, blueprints, and other papers concerned with the planning of advance-base dispensaries and with the medical and related aspects of advance bases; correspondence with the Bureau of Yards and Docks, Members of Congress, Army officials, and private individuals on possible sites, buildings, and areas for naval hospitals; plans, blueprints, pictures, and brochures relating to those sites; memoranda concerning utilization by the Navy for medical purposes of surplus army hospitals and camps; and recommendations relating to proposed sites for Veterans' Administration hospitals.

Records of the Division in the National Archives (6 feet) include reports from the Bureau of Aeronautics on techniques of sound control in aircraft and their effect on human efficiency, 1941, and a report, Oct. 1941, on air conditioning in confined spaces on the U.S.S. North Carolina as it affected personnel.

Records of the Division in its custody include correspondence about the size, location, layout, and design of Medical Department facilities on ships and at shore establishments; blueprints and drawings of hospitals, dispensaries, and Medical Department space aboard ships; project sheets showing

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costs and status of work on the construction, repair, or enlargement of medical field activities; monthly data on hospitals showing bed capacity and patient load; and operational and action reports relating to medicine.

Personnel Division [891]

This Division planned and controlled the military personnel complements and allowances for the Medical Department; recommended candidates for commission in the Medical Corps, Nurse Corps, and Hospital Corps; recommended assignments, promotions, advancements, and transfers of Medical officers and enlisted men of the Medical Department; worked with the Bureau of Naval Personnel on recruitment programs, military-personnel policies, and personnel qualifications for the Medical Department; and planned, coordinated, directed, and evaluated the training of Medical Deparlmenl military personnel. Similar functions for the civilian personnel of the Bureau and the Medical Department were handled by the Personnel Division until their transfer to the Administration Division in 1948. In July 1945 the Division look over the program for the preparation and distribution of audio-visual aids for professional and technical training, which had been developed by the Preventive Medicine Division, and the internship and resident training program of the Professional Division.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau include correspondence, memoranda, and reports pertaining to the recruitment and training of naval nurses; the physical qualifications, recruiting, assignment, and medical problems of WAVE personnel; the rank, retirement, and pay scale of the Nurse Corps; and appointments, grades, and rank of the Hospital Corps, including WAVE therapists and clinical pathologists.

Records in the Division include personnel case files for members of the Medical Corps, Nurse Corps, and Hospital Corps (5,000 feet), which are duplicated in part by records maintained in the Bureau of Naval Personnel; rosters of Medical Corps and Hospital Corps personnel; rejected applications for commissions in the Naval Reserve, with related correspondence (30 feet); records concerning the Nurse Corps in relation to such subjects as legislation, personnel allowances, promotional policies, travel, pay, retirement, special training, housing, and assignment (6 feet); and records concerning the history of the Nurse Corps, including photographs, clippings, letters of commendation, citations, and biographies (8 feet).

Finance Division [892]

This Division was the Bureau's principal financial agency. It prepared the annual budgets of the Bureau; processed the annual requests from Medical Department units for allotment of appropriated funds; maintained budgeting control of these funds; prescribed accounting systems for the control of Medical Department costs, property, and funds; audited receipts and expenditures; and maintained a record of the values and descriptions of plant facilities, equipment, and supplies. It also compiled legal

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and accounting data and provided training for Hospital Corps personnel in appropriation, cost, and property accounting. Financial problems arising from the Medical Department's participation in lend-lease activities were handled by the Division.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau include quarterly reports of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery on estimated expenditures; correspondence, memoranda, and procedural material relating to the annual appropriations and allotments of the Bureau; correspondence, shipping instructions, and other records relating to lend-lease activities; and correspondence and instructions concerning financial relations with the Veterans' Administration and allotments for dependents.

Records in the Division include materials pertaining to budget estimates, 1939-46 (40 feet); a special "lend-lease file" of correspondence and other papers pertaining to credits to foreign governments for medical stores and services, 1941-46 (9 feet); and permanent audit records (less than 1 foot), such as statements of quarterly operational costs of naval hospitals, 1941-46, and statements and reports of the Naval Medical Supply Depot at Brooklyn, N.Y.

Material Division [893]

This Division was established in November 1943 at the Naval Medical Supply Depot, Brooklyn, N.Y., to provide centralized control of supply functions that had been scattered through the Finance and Planning Divisions and the naval medical supply depots. The principal functions thus centralized were the preparation of estimates; the censoring of requests and requisitions; the development and revision of allowance lists and commissioning outfits; the determination of specifications; the determination of the time and quantity of purchases and the supervision of purchasing details; the inspection of purchases and the maintenance of inspection laboratories; the development of policies and methods for the stowage, assembly, issue, distribution, and salvage of material; and the application of these policies and methods in naval supply depots and storehouses. The Division's Washington office coordinated the functions of the Division with those of other divisions of the Bureau and other Government agencies in Washington.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau include reports, correspondence, and memoranda on the procurement of medical supplies and equipment; reports from the Naval Medical Supply Depot, Brooklyn, N.Y., on aspects of the procurement of critical items; and correspondence and other documents concerning specifications and standards for equipment and material. Also in the central files are minutes of meetings of subcommittees of the Federal Specifications Executive Committee and the Aeronautical Board; correspondence with the National Bureau of Standards, the National Research Council, the Industrial Test Laboratory at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, the Johns Hopkins University, and others concerning laboratory tests of equipment and materials; and correspondence with the National Research

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Council, the Board of Economic Warfare, the War Production Board, the American Pharmaceutical Association, the Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior, and others concerning the requirements for and the procurement and use of such material as quinine, atabrine, penicillin, sulfa compounds, streptomycin, pyrethrum, and DDT.

Some records of the Brooklyn office of the Division are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. They include contract files; allowance lists, correspondence, specifications, and related papers concerning fleet hospitals and advance base outfits; and records concerning lend-lease.

Records in the Washington office include correspondence about the preparation and revision of specifications, 1941-46 (9 feet); papers relating to the War Production Board's Controlled Materials Plan and the allocation to contractors of critical materials, 1942-45 (8 feet); and records of shipments of functional components for Medical Department outfits to advance bases, 1943-45 (5 vols.).

Physical Qualifications and Medical Records Division [894]

This Division made recommendations regarding physical standards for service in the Navy and Marine Corps; took action for the Bureau, on the basis of these standards, on applications for entrance to and changes of status in the Navy and Marine Corps; received, filed, and serviced the complete medical record (known as the "health record jacket") of each individual who was or had been in these branches of the armed services; and prepared opinions of the Bureau in medicolegal matters. These functions were performed by the Division's Physical Qualifications, Medical Records, and Legal Medicine Branches. The last-named Branch was expanded in July 1945 to include a unit for handling matters relating to the rights and claims of veterans.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau include correspondence with the Veterans' Administration and bureaus of the Navy Department concerning payment of pensions to naval personnel and with Members of Congress concerning legislation for the hospitalization of veterans. The principal records of the Division are the "health record jackets," which are in the Naval Records Management Center at Garden City, N.Y. These comprise the individual health records of all Navy and Marine enlisted and officer personnel, 1941-46 (45,000 feet). Also at the Center at Garden City are reports of casualties of Naval and Marine Corps personnel, 1939-46 (12 feet).

Inspection Division [895]

This Division was responsible for the reports of the three Medical Inspectors assigned to the Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast, and the central United States regions respectively to make tours of inspection of the adequacy and efficiency of the medical departments of shore activities. These Inspectors also made recommendations on the distribution of war casualties to the several naval hospitals and on sites for prospective hospitals.

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Records.--The wartime records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau consist chiefly of inspection reports of Medical Department activities in Navy and Marine Corps establishments; inspection reports on X-ray equipment at naval establishments; correspondence and other materials relating to the Navy Department list of accredited private laboratories; reports and correspondence pertaining to laboratory tests of medical supplies and equipment; and guides for Medical Officers inspecting Medical Department activities.

Publications Division [896]

This Division edited and published the Naval Medical Bulletin, the Hospital Corps Quarterly, and special brochures, pamphlets, and leaflets of the Medical Department; prepared and released material on the Medical Department for public information; assisted in the preparation of speeches by Bureau officials; and functioned in other ways as the Bureau's public relations agency.

Records.--Records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau include copies of and correspondence concerning manuals and other issuances of the Bureau and the Medical Department, such as "BuMed Weekly News Letter" (July 1943-Jan. 1947), "Naval Medical Notes, European Theater" (Mar.-Apr. 1944), "Pacific Fleet Medical News" (Oct. 1944-Dec. 1945), "Atlantic Fleet Medical News Letter" (Apr. 1943-Oct. 1946), "Ninth Naval District Medical News Letter" (Oct. 1944-July 1945), "Thirteenth Naval District Monthly Medical News Letter" (Jan. 1944), and "Microfilm Letters" (Jan. and Feb. 1943); a report on declassified Bureau research reports that was prepared for the Joint Board for Scientific Information Policy; and correspondence pertaining to the exchange of naval medical publications with foreign governments.

Records in the Division include correspondence, clippings, press releases, biographies of prominent members of the Medical Corps, photographs of personnel and activities of the Medical Department, and other materials collected and used for public relations work (30 feet); and a historical file related to the naval medical history of World War II, consisting of manuscripts, plans, and miscellaneous papers (6 feet).

Assistant for Dentistry [897]

The office of Assistant for Dentistry was established in May 1945 to take over the functions of the former Dentistry Division. The Assistant for Dentistry and his staff determined the dental needs of medical units after consultation with the Medical Officers of these units; studied, advised, and made recommendations on the dental policies, standards, and practices of the Medical Department; supervised the appointment, commissioning, training, and disciplining of dental personnel; and discharged Bureau responsibility with respect to Dental Officer complements, assignments, transfers, and promotions.

Records.--Wartime records in the central files of the Bureau include correspondence of the Dentistry Division and the successor Assistant for Dentistry

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concerning the establishment of professional standards for the Dental Corps and the procurement and assignment of Dental Corps personnel. Personnel case files for members of the Dental Corps (350 feet), which are duplicated in part by records maintained by the Bureau of Naval Personnel, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Garden City, N.Y.

Medical Statistics Division [898]

This Division was established in August 1945 to take over and expand the functions of the Vital Statistics Section of the Preventive Medicine Division. It was responsible for determining and meeting the medical statistical needs of the Medical Department. It was required to collect, process, compile, and tabulate medical statistics from all naval activities; to plan and direct medical statistical programs and projects; to prepare and publish statistical reports on morbidity, mortality, invalidings from service, and other subjects relating to the health of the Navy; to provide statistical consulting services for medical activities; and to maintain statistical reference materials. Statistical planning and analysis, processing, and publication were assigned to separate branches of the Division.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau include correspondence with such agencies as the Bureau of the Census, the American National Red Cross, the National Research Council, the Medical Library Association, and the Public Health Service concerning statistics of naval personnel, naval medical facilities, disease incidence, casualties, and medical treatment.

Besides its records in the central files, the records of the Division include statistical cards for individual patients, containing such data as the patients' name, race, date and place of birth, diagnosis, place of admission to hospitalization, and manner of admission or discharge. These cards for 1939-40 are in the Naval Records Management Center at Garden City, N.Y.; those for 1941-46 are in the Division.

Research Division [899]

This Division initiated, coordinated, directed, and reviewed the study of specific medical problems and of medicines, materials, and devices used or required for the protection of the health of the Navy. It kept Medical Department personnel informed of new research findings, largely through the "BuMed Weekly News Letter," and it represented the Bureau on military and civilian medical research boards and councils. The administrative units of the Division were set up according to general fields of research and inquiry such as (1) general medicine, including research in surgery, wounds, blood, shock, burns, and the like; (2) special fields and agents, including study of physical aspects of protective and facilitating devices used on submarines and in chemical warfare; (3) biodynamics, including medical research of a physical, biophysical, chemical, and mathematical nature; (4) aviation; and (5) dentistry. The Division used the services and facilities of the Naval Medical Research Institute, naval experiment

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stations, select teams of officers and enlisted men, and Government and private research agencies.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau include reports, administrative papers, correspondence with cooperating agencies, and minutes of conferences relating to investigations of such subjects as battle noise, factors influencing combat fatigue in flying personnel, the symptomatology of acute combat neurosis, the effect of hyoscine on motion sickness, air-borne infection, sound control, and the bactericidal qualities of ultraviolet irradiation; and correspondence with the Surgeon General of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, and the National Research Council relative to participation by the Bureau in the study of atom-bomb casualties for the purpose of determining the medical and biological effects of atom bombs.

Records in the Division include research project files, containing correspondence, project papers, and reports from the National Naval Medical Center and other agencies, relating to the study, development, and testing of medicines, materials, and devices, such as ultraviolet radiation combined with dust-control measures for the control of air-borne infection, commercial means of odor control, the effect of tropical environment on personnel, the application of hyperventilation to the neuropsychiatric screening of officer candidates, methods of determining or improving the potability of sea water, mosquito control, and a sociological study of Agrihan, Marianas Islands, 1942-46 (25 feet). Also in the Division are its indexes to research projects and to "BuMed Weekly News Letter," 1942-46 (10 feet); correspondence and related papers pertaining to research projects under consideration in the field of aviation; and reports and minutes of meetings of committees and divisions of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, the National Research Council, and the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense.

Preventive Medicine Division [900]

This Division conducted studies, made recommendations, and determined general policies and practices regarding epidemiology and sanitation and hygiene. Specific epidemiological functions of the Division included the evaluation of epidemiological data; the development and direction of programs to control venereal diseases, tuberculosis, and other communicable diseases; and the review of quarantine procedures and public health hazards in proximity to naval forces. In the field of sanitation and hygiene the Division conducted studies and investigations and made recommendations concerning such matters as water supply, sewage disposal, housing, and food; investigated and developed methods for eliminating or controlling insects and rodents; and studied methods to control health hazards occasioned by industrial activities and conditions in navy yards and elsewhere in the Naval Establishment.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau include papers relating to investigations of communicable diseases; research information on phases of the prevention of disease or disability and on sanitation, received from the Office of Scientific Research and Development, the

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Naval Research Laboratory, the Army's Technical Services, and private individuals; and correspondence, memoranda, reports, circulars, and requisitions relating to the control of insects and rodents.

Records of the Division in the National Archives include reports and related correspondence on scientific research in preventive medicine, and minutes of the National Research Council, the Office of Scientific Research and Development, the National Research Council of Canada, and the Medical Research Council of England, 1940-43 (13 feet); reports of shipwreck survivors, containing information on the length and conditions of exposure and the physical condition and medical treatment of the survivors after their rescue, 1942-45 (2 feet); and annual sanitary reports from ships and stations, in letter form, 1939-43.

Records in the Division's custody include annual sanitary reports from ships and stations, 1943-46 (60 feet); reports of investigations of epidemic diseases and insanitary conditions dangerous to military personnel, 1943-46 (5 feet); and reports and related material pertaining to such subjects as the incidence and rate of communicable diseases, the prevalence and distribution of diseases in foreign countries, tuberculosis diagnosis aboard ship, the annual number of persons treated for syphilis, and health conditions at naval industrial activities, 1939-46 (60 feet).

Professional Division [901]

This Division was established in August 1944 to provide centralized administration for the Bureau's therapeutic work, which at the time consisted principally of the programs of the Preventive Medicine Division concerning rheumatic fever, malaria, and filariasis; the functions of the Neuropsychiatry Branch of the Physical Qualifications and Medical Records Division; certain hospitalization functions of the Planning Division; and rehabilitation functions. The work of the Division was performed by five branches. The Medicine Branch carried out functions relating to internal medicine and clinical aspects of tropical diseases. The Surgery Branch was concerned with both general surgery and surgical specialties. The Neuropsychiatry Branch developed procedures for screening naval personnel and psychiatric techniques of therapy, and it reviewed and made recommendations with respect to the disposition of psychiatric cases. The Rehabilitation Branch developed and put into operation such aspects of the Medical Department's rehabilitation program as occupational therapy, special services to blind, deaf, and amputation patients, and readjustment recreation and counseling. The Hospital Branch was concerned with the utilization of hospital facilities, the treatment of special types of patients, the medical and hospital care of dependents of naval personnel, and liaison with the American National Red Cross.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau include correspondence and related papers concerning the dissemination to naval activities of information on the clinical and technical aspects of diseases, treatment, hospitalization, and surgical procedures; the training program of

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Medical Department personnel and recommendations for the assignment of personnel; and the establishment of medical courses in civilian institutions. Records of the Division in the National Archives include photographs made by field medical photographic units of the Bureau to show how the wounded were cared for on Utah Beach, Normandy, and in England, 1944. Records in the Division include reports on mental diseases, summary reports on neuropsychiatry patients and recruits, and reports on recruits discharged because of inaptitude, 1943-46 (4 feet).

Aviation Medicine Division [902]

This Division had administrative cognizance of all matters pertaining to aviation medicine, but during the war it was concerned primarily with psychological techniques as applied to the air forces, physical requirements for flight and ground personnel, and the training, assignment, and employment of medical officers, flight nurses, and other specialists of the Medical Department serving with the naval air forces. The Division functioned in close cooperation with the Personnel Division, the Physical Qualifications and Medical Records Division, and the Research Division of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery and with the Bureau of Aeronautics. Much of the Division's effort during the war was devoted to the school for flight surgery at Pensacola, Fla., and to work in aviation medicine at the National Naval Medical Center.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau include correspondence, memoranda, project papers, and reports relating to investigations of such physical and psychological matters as improvement of the intelligibility of aircraft communication through speech training, synthetic flight training, the medical aspects of extended flight, personal factors in relation to proneness to accidents, and the biological effect of vibration; correspondence pertaining to the designation, training, and assignment of flight surgeons; reports and related research materials resulting from medical and psychological studies; and correspondence concerning a report of the Naval Medical Research Institute on the "Armbrush cup," a device for obtaining water in lifeboats and life rafts.

Wartime records of the Division in its custody include correspondence on the establishment of standards and policies in naval aviation medicine (20 feet); aviation psychology project records concerning the development of methods and the obtaining of criterion data for use in aviation training; correspondence, minutes, and other records concerning proposals of the National Research Council; correspondence on the development of standards and technique in the selection and training of naval aviators, 1941-46; and reports on preflight and other aviation training classes.

Field Activities [903]

Just before the end of World War II there were about 150 Medical Department activities under the cognizance of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. Chief among these were the naval hospitals (to which one fourth of the personnel of the Medical Department was assigned),

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dispensaries, medical supply depots and storehouses, the constituent units of the National Naval Medical Center, and the several Medical Department schools.

Records.--Activities that were established as separate commands created such administrative records as civilian personnel records and pay rolls, papers relating to lands and buildings, and correspondence of the commanding officer relating to administration and operations. These records are retained by the activity while it remains in commission, and upon its decommissioning they are transferred to the nearest naval records management center. Other records relating to the professional and scientific aspects of Medical Department activities are discussed below, under the entries for the field agencies that created them.

National Naval Medical Center [904]

The National Naval Medical Center, which was commissioned at Bethesda, Md., on February 5, 1942, was established to provide a central site and an administrative command for the shore facilities and activities for the Medical Department that had been established in and near Washington, D.C. During the war the Center was composed of six constituent units. The United States Naval Hospital was a general hospital that provided care, treatment, and hospitalization for Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard personnel. The National Naval Medical School provided selected Medical Department officers, nurses, and enlisted personnel with instruction in medical specialties of importance to the war and pertinent to the widely varying conditions in the several theaters of operations. The Naval Dental School provided similar types of instruction to Dental Officers and dental technicians. The United States Naval Hospital School (Women's Reserve) trained WAVE personnel for the Hospital Corps. The United States Naval School for Hospital Administration provided technical training for Hospital Corps officers. The Naval Medical Research Institute carried on research in some 20 specialties, including aviation medicine, experimental surgery, nutrition, and personal equipment design. Each of these units had a commanding officer responsible to the commanding officer of the Center, who, in turn, was responsible to the Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.

A special feature of the wartime work at the Center was the emphasis given to the study of tropical medicine. Patients suffering from malaria and other tropical diseases were regularly transferred from the west coast to special wards of the United States Naval Hospital for treatment and study; and the Tropical Medicine Department of the Naval Medical School became a national center for postgraduate training in that field. Also of special importance were the training programs for selected Medical Officers and hospital corpsmen that were developed and carried out by the Neuropsychiatric Division of the Naval Hospital.

Records.--The wartime records of the Center are in the custody of its several constituent units at Bethesda, Md. They consist chiefly of records concerning land and buildings, grades and rosters of naval personnel who

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attended the various schools at the Center, lists of curricula, "hospital jackets" (records of individual patients), 1940-46, correspondence on the administration of the Center, and records resulting from the conduct of research projects. Records of the Center's research projects are duplicated to a considerable extent in the records of the Division of Research of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.

Naval Hospitals and Dispensaries [905]

United States Naval Hospitals were chiefly of two types, general and special. The general hospitals, of which there were 42 in commission at the close of the war, were responsible for providing the treatment required by seriously sick or wounded naval personnel who were not expected to need special treatment before return to duty, the treatment of certain authorized nonnaval patients, and cooperation with military and civil authorities in sanitary matters. The general hospitals varied in size and detail, but all grouped their activities into two types of duty, administrative and clinical. The administrative section of the hospital organization dealt with matters concerning personnel, records, finance, commissary, pharmacy, morale, and training. The clinical section was usually divided into units designated as surgical, medical, eye-ear-nose-and-throat, urological, neuropsychiatric, laboratory, X-ray, dental, physical therapy, nursing, and outpatient services. Special hospitals, at first called convalescent hospitals, were instituted in July 1943 for patients requiring primarily rest, salubrious climate, and diet, psychotherapy, or physiotherapy. Both general and special hospitals developed specialties, but the tendency was more marked in the latter institutions, which varied widely in their physical characteristics, the kinds of treatment they afforded, and the types of patients they treated. Besides the general and special hospitals, there were mobile base hospitals, which operated at several localities, including Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and Pearl Harbor, T.H., and a receiving hospital at San Francisco.

Naval dispensaries ranged from first-aid stations to 100-bed hospitals. They were responsible for the immediate temporary care of sick and injured naval, naval civilian, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard personnel and dependents of naval personnel at shore activities. Three officially designated United States Naval Dispensaries, located in cities having major concentrations of active personnel and their dependents (Miami, Fla., Washington, D.C. and Long Beach, Calif.), were directly responsible to the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. Other naval dispensaries were attached to such naval activities as naval industrial establishments, training centers, and receiving stations and were adapted in personnel and equipment to such particular needs of these activities as the examination of recruits, industrial hazards, and aviation medicine.

Records.--The medical records of naval hospitals and dispensaries for the war period include medical "journals" or Officer-of-the-Day logs, registers of patients, and the medical record (jacket) for each hospital and dispensary patient, containing notes, charts, correspondence, reports, and certificates concerning admission, diagnosis, treatment, surgery, and discharge or death.

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These records from each hospital and dispensary, 1939-45, are at the Naval Records Management Center, Garden City, N, Y., except that many for 1939 are in the National Archives.

Naval Medical Supply Depots and Storehouses [906]

United States Naval Medical Supply Depots were located at Brooklyn, N.Y., and Oakland, Calif. Naval Medical Supply Storehouses were located at Newport, R. I.; Norfolk, Va.; Charleston, S. C.; New Orleans; Seattle; and San Pedro and San Diego, Calif. There were also medical sections at the Naval Supply Depots at Mechanicsburg, Pa.; and Spokane, Wash. The depots maintained complete catalog stocks of medical supplies and equipment, provided storage for all types of supplies, filled requisitions from ships and stations, manufactured medical field equipment, and provided and processed medical commissioning outfits for ships. The storehouses and medical departments of general supply depots were under the control of the nearest medical supply depot and maintained only expendable items and minor nonexpendable items of medical stores.

Records.--The wartime records of the Depots and Storehouses include correspondence, plans, and blueprints relating to lands and buildings; station logs; and contracts, purchase orders, and related correspondence. These records are in the respective depots and storehouses.

Technical Schools of the Medical Department [907]

In addition to the Naval Medical School and the Naval Dental School at the National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Md., the Medical Department operated Hospital Corps Schools at Norfolk, Va., San Diego, Calif., and Brooklyn, N.Y., to provide basic training for enlisted men of the Medical Department; and the Naval School of Aviation Medicine at the Naval Air Station, Pensacola, Fla., to train flight surgeons, aviation medical examiners, and enlisted assistants to flight surgeons. Courses of instruction were also provided for Medical Department officers and enlisted men at certain civilian medical schools, naval hospitals and dispensaries, naval air stations, and Marine Corps bases and posts. Hospital Corps Schools and courses of instruction provided technical training for enlisted men in such specialties as dentistry, aviation medicine, X-ray, laboratory practice, physical therapy, clerical procedures, medical field tactics, and commissary work.

Records.--Permanent records of the technical schools, in addition to the records incorporated in the personnel folders of the members receiving training, consist of the grade cards and rosters of the enlisted men of the Hospital Corps. They are either in the schools or in the naval records management centers.

BUREAU OF YARDS AND DOCKS [908]

The Bureau of Yards and Docks, also known as BuDocks, was established on August 31, 1842. During World War II it was responsible for the design, construction, and maintenance of the public works

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of the Navy, including drydocks, marine railways, harbor works, wharves, dredgings, power plants, and coaling plants; the Navy's heating, utilities, and railroad systems; and bridges, radio towers, and, buildings needed by the Navy and the Marine Corps. On March 21, 1942, the Bureau was made responsible also for civil works, which included all items at privately operated establishments that would be regarded as public works or public utilities if constructed at shore establishments of the Navy. The Bureau was in charge of the recruitment, training, equipping and outfitting, and administration of the Construction Battalions (Seabees) from the time they were authorized on January 5, 1942, until the middle of 1944, when most of these functions were transferred to the Bureau of Naval Personnel.

Although the Bureau had cognizance over construction and maintenance at shore establishments, the only shore stations under its technical control were the training centers for the Construction Battalions, the advance base depots at Davisville, R. I., Port Hueneme, Calif., Gulfport, Miss., and Tacoma, Wash., and the Central Spare Parts Warehouse at Joliet, Ill.

In order to prepare designs that were satisfactory as to location, layout, and operating features, the Bureau consulted with other Navy Department bureaus for which new projects were planned. Since all projects involved several bureaus in one way or another, the Bureau of Yards and Docks coordinated the needs of all the participating bureaus in the general plans as well as in supplementary plans for the necessary utilities. Its construction was done largely under cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts until early 1943, when the number of lump-sum contracts increased.

The Bureau was in charge of the acquisition and disposal of real estate, and it was the custodian of the Navy's real estate not in active use. ft made annual inspections of the structural condition of the Navy's public works and utilities and provided major repairs on them. It provided routine maintenance, except for minor work done by station forces, at ordnance, air, and training stations, hospitals, marine posts, and the Naval Academy.

To handle the design, construction, repair, and operation of public-works facilities at advance bases, the Bureau organized Construction Battalions (Seabees). The program included Construction Battalion units that took over the maintenance of advance bases after construction had been completed; units that moved cargo from ship to shore at advance bases; and Construction Battalion Demolition Units, which cleared beachheads in amphibious combat operations.

One of the Bureau's major wartime problems was to develop mobile and standardized equipment that could be prepared in advance for rapid movement in creating an advance base. The Bureau worked out designs and specifications for floating drydocks, pontoons, portable housing, portable water plants, and stills for producing fresh water from sea water. In cooperation with other bureaus, it worked out plans for standardized barracks, warehouses, aircraft hangars, and ammunition magazines.

In 1940, when the organization of the Bureau appeared to be inadequate for the rapid expansion of the Navy, a management engineering company was employed to make a survey of the Bureau. The approved recommendations

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resulting from this survey led to a complete reorganization of the Bureau, effective December 1, 1941. Five departments were created at that time, and a sixth was added in 1944. The departmental directors, together with the Assistant Chief of the Bureau, made up the Advisory Council to the Chief. The several departments of the Bureau are discussed below.

During the entire period of World War II Admiral Ben Moreell served as Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks.

Records.--The wartime central files of the Bureau, arranged according to the Navy Filing Manual, consist of general correspondence and other records relating to all aspects of the work of the Bureau and to individual shore stations. The secret section of the central files, 1940-47 (300 feet), and the confidential and unclassified sections, 1945-47 (1,000 feet), are in the Administration Division. The unclassified section of the central files, 1943-45, and the confidential section, 1942-45, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. The unclassified section, 1939-42, and the confidential section, 1939-41, are in the National Archives. The "ORANGE" file, which pertains to Japan, is in the Administration Division. This file consists of correspondence, maps, charts, blueprints, publications, and other records, 1920-41, relating to basic war plans predicated on military conflict with Japan. It includes reports of reconnaissance operations; topographic, geographic, and aerological data on the Philippine and Oceanic Areas; descriptions of construction done for the former 16th Naval District and outlying regions; reports on the feasibility of proposed construction in that District; reports concerning relations with the Philippine Government with respect to defense preparation; and detailed operational, strategic, and logistic plans relating to facilities for Operation "ORANGE."

Photographic records of the Bureau, including pictures of shore establishments, plant facilities, and Construction Battalion activities, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., except for parts of these records, 1939-44, which are in the National Archives. Plans of structures and installations at shore stations, for 1942 and later, are in the Administration Division and in the Arlington Center; plans for 1939-41 are in the National Archives.

See Bureau of Yards and Docks, Building the Navy's Bases in World War II: History of the Bureau . . . 1940-1946 (1947. 2 vols.).

Office of the Chief of the Bureau [909]

During the war the Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks was responsible for over-all administration of the Bureau, contact with other agencies and with Congress, and the establishment of basic policies. For a time during the war the Chief acted as chairman of a special committee to assist in expediting the construction of 100-octane gasoline plants and was aided by the Special Assistant on Petroleum Matters.

The Assistant Chief of the Bureau was responsible for the coordination of the Bureau's work and office methods. The Counsel, whose office was established on April 19, 1943, advised on the legal aspects of procurement, claims, and contracts and maintained liaison with the General Counsel of the Navy.

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The Chief Planning Officer, whose position was established on November 2, 1944, directed the Bureau's planning in connection with continental public works and advance bases, postwar plans, war plans, logistics, and personnel. The Chief Inspector, whose office was established on November 2, 1944, supervised regular inspection of all organizations under the Bureau's cognizance.

A field staff consisting of seven Superintending Civil Engineers, one in each of seven continental areas, represented the Chief of the Bureau on matters relating to new construction and reported directly to him. Overseas operations of the Bureau were under the direction of the Atlantic, Eastern Pacific, Western Pacific, and Alaskan Divisions.

Records.--Most of the wartime correspondence of the Office is in the central files of the Bureau. In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., are office records of the Chief of the Bureau, 1937-46 (4 feet), pertaining to his relations with officials of the Navy Department and Members of Congress, his membership on boards and committees, the general administration of the Bureau, the construction program of the Navy, and the Civil Engineer Corps; and records of the Counsel, consisting of claims files relating to the Fair Labor Standards Act (52 Stat. 1060) and to the settlement of contracts. In the Office of the Chief are file copies of the Public Works Data Book, a periodical publication in which are listed the general physical features of buildings and lands at each naval shore establishment, and records relating to the wartime budgetary controls and fiscal affairs of the Bureau.

Administration and Personnel Department [910]

This Department, established on December 1, 1941, had cognizance over general administrative and personnel matters for the Bureau in Washington and to some extent in the field. Its duties were performed by eight divisions, to which a ninth was added in 1944.

The Administrative and Civil Personnel Division performed administrative functions, supervised civilian recruiting, and had charge of the central files of the Bureau. The Naval Personnel and Records Division maintained personnel records for Civil Engineer Corps officers and other officers under the cognizance of the Bureau and controlled matters concerning enlisted personnel of the Bureau.

Four division were concerned especially with Construction Battalions. The Construction Battalion Recruiting Division expedited enlistments, kept personnel records, and set standards for rating. The Construction Battalion Operation and Personnel Division established components for the battalions, handled details of movement and formation, maintained schedules of training and readiness dates, handled records of recommendations for promotion, and maintained liaison on ratings and promotions of enlisted personnel. The Construction Battalion Matériel Division was in charge of equipping, outfitting, and refitting battalions for overseas duty. The Construction Battalion Training and Inspection Division established policies and schedules for training and inspected training centers, receiving barracks, and Construction

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Battalions in the field. In 1944 most of these functions were transferred to the Bureau of Naval Personnel or the Advance Base Department of the Bureau of Yards and Docks.

The Legislative and Information Division recommended, attended hearings on, and commented on proposed legislation affecting the Bureau. It maintained liaison with the Office of Public Relations of the Navy Department and arranged and cleared press and radio releases of the Bureau. The Contact and Liaison Division collected and compiled data on contractors, architects, and engineers seeking contracts with the Bureau. It also initiated and supervised security measures, issued periodic listings of Bureau personnel, the roster of officers, and other lists pertinent to the Bureau. The Labor Relations Division, established late in 1941, was responsible for handling labor problems involving manpower, wage rates, salaries, overtime and premium compensation, leave and leave pay, and strikes and kindred matters affecting the Bureau's contracts.

Records.--The wartime general correspondence of the Department and its divisions is in the central files of the Bureau. In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., are the personnel records maintained by the Naval Personnel and Records Division for enlisted men, 1941-44 (34 feet), and officers, including those of the Construction Battalions and the Civil Engineer Corps, 1942-45 (54 feet). Records of the Department in the National Archives include newspaper clippings, photographs, and other publicity records of the Construction Battalion Recruiting Division, 1942-43 (2 feet); and records of the Naval Construction Battalion Training Center at Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, Calif., 1942-44, consisting of correspondence, orders, regulations, informational memoranda, and copies of monthly reports on activities (4 feet).

Finance and Operating Department [911]

This Department, established on December 1, 1941, allocated and accounted for funds under the Bureau's control, prepared the annual budget, negotiated contracts, and acquired real estate for naval purposes. Its Maintenance, Operating, and Budget Division allotted funds for specific purposes; kept records of appropriations, allocations, and allotments of funds; prepared financial reports; and assembled data for the annual budget. It transferred surplus property; received and investigated requests for railroad cars, locomotive and traveling cranes, other utilities equipment, and printing equipment; and procured the equipment necessary. The Contract Division supervised the contractual relations of the Bureau. It prepared contracts, supplemental agreements, and change orders; supervised contractual matters during construction; and settled contracts. The Real Estate Division, established on August 17, 1942, advised regarding sites for naval use, procured surveys, prepared legal descriptions, and conducted negotiations for purchase and lease. It determined when condemnation was necessary, initiated condemnation proceedings, and disposed of surplus real estate. The Conservation Division, established on November 16, 1942, made studies, investigations, and surveys of the Bureau's operations and recommended

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economy measures in the utilization of manpower, equipment, materials, and services. The Civil Works Division, established on October 1, 1943, coordinated and administered the civil-works field inspection service and matters connected with the inspection, maintenance, and repair of civil works and related Government-owned property for which the Bureau's services had been requested.

Records.--Most of the Department's wartime correspondence is in the central files of the Bureau. The following records are in the Real Estate Branch of the Department: Correspondence, abstracts, titles, leases, receipts, plot plans, blueprints, and topographic data relating to real estate and other property, including real estate in foreign lands, acquired for war purposes; and appraisal reports, maps, photographs, directives from the Chief of Naval Operations, congressional and Presidential approvals, and other records reflecting the development of policies and procedures for the acquisition of real property in foreign lands for war purposes. In the Contract Administration Division of the Department are the legal documents pertaining to the Bureau's contracts, 1938-47 (310 feet). In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., are financial records of the Department, 1939-46, relating to contracts, construction activities, the sale of surplus materials and equipment, lend-lease activities, and other fiscal functions of the Bureau.

Progress Control and Statistical Department [912]

This Department, established on December 1, 1941, had responsibility for activities of the Bureau relating to accounting, auditing, progress reports, the handling of priorities and allocations for critical materials and equipment, the use of equipment on construction contracts, the handling of surplus materials and equipment, and liaison on contract termination. The Priorities and Allocation Division of the Department helped procure materials and equipment for contractors and shore establishments and shipping space on rail and water transport. The Scheduling Division, established on April 15, 1943, scheduled the Bureau's requirements for critical components allocated by the War Production Board. The Accounting and Auditing Division developed policies and procedures for financial control of cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts and issued and revised the manual of accounting for such contracts. Its field service assisted contractors and officers in charge of construction in the organization of administrative and audit systems. The Equipment Division reviewed and approved schedules for the rental of equipment owned or controlled by contractors and rented such equipment on cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts. The Surplus Materials and Equipment Division declared material and equipment surplus, designated disposal policies, and redistributed Government-owned materials and equipment to other naval activities, the Army, and other Government agencies. The Material Requirements Division, in New York City, was responsible for forecasting the Bureau's requirements for materials included in the Controlled Materials Plan of the War Production Board. It also allocated controlled

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materials to yards, stations, contractors, and privately financed projects of interest to the Navy.

Records.--Wartime correspondence and other records of the Department are in the central files of the Bureau. In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., are original tracings and charts of dock construction (100 feet); and drawings of buildings and construction work at the Norfolk Navy Yard, 1941-43 (45 feet).

Planning and Design Department [913]

This Department, established on December 1, 1941, analyzed the need of the Navy for shore facilities, prepared plans and specifications for the construction of authorized projects, and conducted research in materials and methods used in construction. Its War Plans Division, established on June 9, 1941, and transferred to the Advance Base Department in 1944, developed plans, materials, and equipment for advance-area construction. It worked on pontoon gear, Quonset huts, and other equipment. The Design Division evolved the Bureau's engineering standards for design and construction, prepared plans and specifications for individual projects assigned to it, and reviewed, plans and specifications prepared by local public-works officers and by architects and engineers. The Planning Division prepared studies for the development of continental stations, the planning of public works, and the requirements for "mothballing" the inactive reserve fleet. After January 1944 it compiled information on occupied and enemy territory pertinent to the Bureau's construction work, prepared layouts for specific advance bases, and made logistic studies relating to plans for military and naval operations. The Research and Records Division maintained contact for the Bureau with research activities of other Government agencies and private research laboratories, made quantity and cost surveys in different geographical locations, and maintained the Bureau's photographic laboratory. The Historical Division assembled, organized, and wrote the Bureau's wartime history.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Department is in the central files of the Bureau. In the successor Plans and Research Department are records of experiments and investigations regarding facilities and equipment for cold-weather operations; reports and related papers pertaining to research in engineering problems concerning structures, equipment, materials, and soils; and plans of construction at shore establishments, 1942-46. Data on the history of the Bureau are in the Administrative. Management Department. Among the records of the Department in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., are some plans of construction at shore establishments, 1942 and later, photographs of installations at shore establishments, 1945-46, and drawings of cranes, drydocks, and details of liberty ships, 1940-44. Records of the Department in the National Archives include photographs of shore establishments, floating dry docks, and other facilities, 1939-44; and plans of plants, machinery, and structures at shore activities, 1939-41.

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Construction Department [914]

This Department, established on December 1, 1941, was respon- sible for construction work from the time of the selection of architectural engineers and construction contractors for a project to its completion. Projects, except those initiated and carried out at advance bases by Construction Battalions, were assigned to the Department's divisions according to their principal functions, and the division heads conferred with other bureaus and offices of the Navy Department to determine requirements.

The Department's Fleet and Industrial Facilities Division had cognizance over repair facilities at navy yards and over graving docks and floating drydocks, including their construction and outfitting and the training of their operating personnel. The Division constructed and outfitted marine railways and fleet, destroyer, submarine, and section bases. It was in charge of weight-handling equipment, civil-works construction performed for the Bureau of Ships, and mooring and harbor facilities.

The Aviation Facilities Division supervised construction at air and air training stations of the Navy and Marine Corps. It approved estimates and specifications for civil-works projects for the Bureau of Aeronautics, and it collaborated with that Bureau in the selection and planning of aviation facilities. It also conducted evaluation surveys on load capacities of runways at Navy air stations.

The Radio, Marine Corps, and Storage Division was responsible for the construction of shore radio facilities for the Bureau of Ships. It was in charge of the construction of fuel and general storage facilities for the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, and it conducted research in prestressed concrete design and fire protection for fuels. It handled large water-supply projects and gave advice on smaller projects.

The Personnel Structures Division had responsibility for the construction of buildings for the Bureau of Naval Personnel, including the Naval War College, the Naval Academy, and the Naval Home. The Hospital Division handled the construction and equipment of facilities for the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, including hospitals, dispensaries, and medical supply storehouses. The Ordnance Division built ammunition storage facilities for the Bureau of Ordnance. The WPA, Community Facilities, and Access Roads Division had responsibility for access roads and low-cost housing projects at naval stations.

The Power Division had cognizance over power plants of naval shore establishments, mobile power units, and general mechanical and electrical work, including telephone and fire-alarm systems. It computed requirements for and supervised the construction of power and heating plants, and it interconnected Navy power systems with adjacent utilities systems. It had full responsibility for procuring power for naval activities and for liaison with the Federal Power Commission. The Fire Protection Division inspected and reported on fire protection, fire prevention, and fire-fighting facilities at naval shore establishments and studied plans for eliminating fire hazards in proposed construction.

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The Advance Base Division compiled lists of requirements for advance bases and was responsible for the procurement and shipment of material to be used in the construction of those bases. The functions of the Division were transferred to the Advance Base Department when that Department was established on January 5, 1944.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Construction Department is in the central files of the Bureau. Records of the Department in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., include correspondence of the Director and the Assistant Director of the Department relating to the policies of the Bureau and the administration of the Department, 1939-46; and correspondence of the Assistant for Labor Relations pertaining to strikes, labor-management negotiations, wages, the recruitment of labor, racial and religious discrimination, the use of prisoners of war as laborers, and other aspects of labor problems, 1939-46. Also in the Center at Arlington are construction blueprints, 1940-45 (195 feet); plans, brochures, and other records concerning ordnance structures, 1939-46 (274 feet); contracts for the construction of air bases, 1939-45; and contracts for the construction of shore radio and storage facilities and Marine Corps stations, 1940-46 (30 feet).

Advance Base Department [915]

This Department, established on January 5, 1944, by the con- solidation of the War Plans Division of the Planning and Design Department and the Advance Base Division of the Construction Department, was responsible for making schematic studies of layouts for advance bases; developing new types of gear for the construction and operation of these bases; procuring, testing, and shipping such gear; and supervising the advance base depots. The Requirement and Liaison Division maintained liaison with the Chief of Naval Operations and other bureaus on the advance-base program and plans. The Administrative Division kept financial records of allotments and commitments, including allotments of public funds for Construction Battalions. The Materials Division directed the procurement of materials, controlled their distribution to advance base depots, directed shipment from these depots, and maintained records of the availability of materials. The Development and Research Division developed and improved materials and equipment for advance bases and collected information on the many problems confronting the Construction Battalions in their work in advance areas. The Field Activities Division correlated and standardized procedures among the Chicago procurement office, the depots, and the area directors.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Department is in the central files of the Bureau. In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., are advance-base shipping directives and correspondence, 1943-44 (50 feet); monthly reports of Construction Battalion activities, 1943-44 (70 feet); and photographs, surveys, and correspondence relating to camouflage and chemical warfare, 1943-44 (26 feet).

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BUREAU OF ORDNANCE [916]

The Bureau of Ordnance, also known as BuOrd, had its origins in the establishment in 1842 of the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography and became the separate Bureau of Ordnance in 1862. It was responsible for the design, manufacture, procurement, maintenance, issue, and efficiency of the offensive and defensive arms and armament of the Navy. Its responsibility included armor, torpedoes, mines, depth charges, bombs, ammunition, defensive nets and booms, and (except as otherwise specifically assigned) optical and other devices for the control of guns, torpedoes, and bombs. The Bureau was in charge of the upkeep and operation of gun factories, ordnance plants, torpedo stations, torpedo testing ranges, proving grounds, powder factories, ammunition depots, ordnance laboratories and test stations, degaussing and deperming stations, and other naval ordnance establishments.

The successive Chiefs of the Bureau during World War II were Rear Admirals William R. Furlong, William H. P. Blandy, and George Hussey, Jr. The basic responsibilities of the Bureau remained fundamentally unchanged during the war, though its operations were greatly expanded. It cooperated actively with the War Department in meeting ordnance needs common to the armed forces. It provided the Army with fuses, explosives, rockets, various types of aviation fire-control equipment such as the Norden bombsight, and miscellaneous parts. In turn the Bureau procured from the Army small arms and small-arms ammunition, certain bombs and fuses, other explosives, and chemical-warfare and ground equipment. Common procurement was accomplished in such items as the 40-mm. antiaircraft weapon, which was used for both land and sea defense against low-flying planes. The Bureau worked with the War Department in solving problems respecting all types of armor plate and maintained close liaison with the Department in the fundamental ordnance activities of research and design and in the joint use of facilities.

The Bureau underwent a comprehensive reorganization early in 1941, and the administrative, structure thus established remained basically unchanged for the rest of the war.

Records.--During the war the central files of the Bureau were maintained by the Mail and Records Subsection of the Office Management Section of the Administrative Division. The central files included both the general correspondence of all the organizational units of the Bureau, arranged according to the Navy Filing Manual, and the ships and stations file, arranged by class and number. The unclassified central files of the Bureau for 1939-44 (3,050 feet) are in the National Archives; those for 1945 (1,096 feet) are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. The confidential files, 1939-44, and the secret files, 1939-41, are in the National Archives; later portions of these files are in the Mail and Records Subsection. The wartime contract files of the Bureau (1,000 feet) are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington. The original ordnance drawings (2,400 feet) are at the Naval Gun Factory in Washington, and 1,000,000 photographic prints of these drawings are in the Publications Section of the Bureau's

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Administrative Division. An unpublished history of the Bureau of Ordnance in two parts entitled "Bureau Administration" (5 vols.) and "The Navy's Ordnance" (6 vols.) is in the Division of Naval Records and History.
[See also "Bureau of Ordnance" in Administration of the Navy Department in World War II, administrative histories (10 vols.), and U.S. Navy Bureau of Ordnance in World War II --HyperWar.]

Office of the Chief [917]

The Chief's Office included, in addition to clerical and other assistants, the Special Board on Naval Ordnance. This Board formulated recommendations in connection with any program undertaken by the Bureau, furnished consultative advice to the divisions as desired, prepared statements relating to Bureau action on investigations, attended general Bureau hearings on ship design, and inspected naval ammunition depots. The Counsel for the Bureau, who was appointed by the Under Secretary of the Navy and reported to him as well as to the Chief of the Bureau, was in charge of the legal staff, which rendered legal service and advice relating to the procurement of services and materials; prepared or supervised the preparation of all procurement contracts; and gave general legal advice and assistance to divisions and sections as required.

Records.--The wartime records of this Office are in the central files of the Bureau.

Administrative Division [918]

This Division, established on February 24, 1941, provided for the Bureau as a whole, both in Washington and in the field, many of the customary facilitating services such as the maintenance of the central files, the microfilming of records, the tabulation of statistical data, and the recruiting and training of civilian and naval personnel. Its Publications Section was responsible for the preparation, printing or processing, and distribution of Bureau publications, the clearance of proposals for Bureau forms, and the maintenance of photographic prints of ordnance drawings. Its Public Relations and Security Section became the Industrial Relations Section in August 1942, when functions pertaining to labor relations were transferred to it from the Production Division. This Section's Labor Relations Subsection served in an advisory capacity to Bureau officials on problems of labor relations affecting the Bureau's procurement programs and to contractors and employees of contractors on the settlement of labor-management difficulties. The Historical Subsection was responsible for the preparation of a history of the Bureau during World War II. The Ordnance Technical Library, established in the Administrative Division in July 1945 by the consolidation of 13 libraries previously maintained by subordinate units of the Bureau, provided a basic collection of scientific books and periodicals for use by the research staff.

Records.--Many wartime records of the Division are in the. Bureau's central files. Separately maintained records in the Division include correspondence pertaining to the disposition of surplus ordnance equipment (26 feet), blueprints of ordnance equipment and ammunition (126 feet), Vandykes of plans for ordnance material (50 feet), photoprints of "sketch

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list drawings" (20 feet), and records pertaining to the shipment of ordnance material under lend-lease agreements (21 feet). Wartime records of the Division in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., include correspondence relating to the training, seniority, requirements, and procurement of naval personnel (32 feet); records pertaining to ordnance research and development and to the production and maintenance of ordnance material and equipment (216 feet); reports pertaining to ordnance naval stations (6 feet) and to ships' movements and "shake-down" training (6 feet); and materials on the administration and operation of the Bureau, from which the Bureau's history was compiled (30 feet).

Financial Division [919]

This Division had general supervision over the financial affairs of the Bureau, prepared budget estimates, and maintained records of financial transactions. On January 6, 1945, shortly after the establishment of the Office of the Fiscal Director of the Navy, the Bureau of Ordnance designated the Director of the Financial Division as Fiscal Director of the Bureau, to report to the Secretary of the Navy.

Records.--Many wartime records of the Division are in the Bureau's central files. Separately maintained records in the Division include budget and financial data files (20 feet); records showing allocations of funds (10 feet) and ship expenditures (10 feet); final budget estimates, budget charts, and supporting documents (10 feet); and expenditure ledgers (800 feet). The Division also maintained a contract file (85 feet), some of which is in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Planning and Progress Division [920]

This Division, established on September 16, 1941, served the Chief of the Bureau as regards over-all planning, the determination of policy, the issuance of directives, and the maintenance of information about progress on Bureau programs. It had cognizance of matters, relating to war plans, had general planning responsibility for major problems presented to the Bureau, kept track of the status of numerous undertakings and checked accomplishments against plans, maintained progress records that constituted a recapitulation of the Bureau's activities, prepared and issued reports that required coordination of information from various sources in the Bureau, and collected, maintained, and digested information relevant to the over-all program of the Bureau and made such information generally available.

The Director of the Division was assisted by several technical staff aides, and the work of the Division was performed in four sections. The War Plans and Logistics Planning Section prepared and developed the Bureau's war plans, together with related logistics plans; formulated plans for the conversion of existing merchant vessels and small craft and for the armament of Army transports and new ships; and maintained records on the status of critical ordnance materials, ordnance functional components, and other

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supplies. The Directives Section was the central authority for initiating action on Bureau undertakings, for issuing instructions as to what should be done and who should do it, and for coordinating the requirements for training and the necessary action to have those requirements met. The Progress and Reports Section assembled essential statistical data for the Bureau and prepared various reports and schedules, including the Ordnance Status Report and the Armament Summary. The Foreign Liaison and Defense Aid Section had authority over lend-lease matters and handled all transactions and communications between the Bureau and foreign governments or their representatives, acted on requisitions from the Chief of Naval Operations on defense-aid supplies, cleared the allocation of funds through the Finance Division, and correlated reports, inquiries, and technical information on defense-aid materials.

Records.--Many wartime records of the Division are in the Bureau's central files. Separately maintained records in the Division include armament lists for Navy and merchant ships (20 feet), lend-lease requisitions (40 feet), shipment orders relating to lend lease (50 feet), correspondence relating to policy and procedure in furnishing ordnance material to foreign countries (10 feet), and records relating to the release of technical ordnance material and information to foreign governments (10 feet). Wartime records of the Division in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., include correspondence and related material pertaining to policy and procedures for research, logistic planning, and maintenance of fire-control equipment (53 feet); summaries of directives and related correspondence concerning important tasks, actions, and policy (30 feet); and records pertaining to the requirements for pyrotechnic and other types of ordnance equipment (10 feet). Contract files relating to the purchase of armor, projectiles, gun barrels and housing forgings, 1939, are in the National Archives.

Research and Development Division [921]

This Division supervised the research, design, and development activities of the Bureau and of other agencies working in cooperation with it; informed the Production Division when any ordnance item was ready for production; supervised projects for the development, modification, or improvement of material under cognizance of the Bureau; and prepared ordnance equipment lists. The Assistant for Aviation-Ordnance coordinated all aviation work in the various sections of the Division; the Chief Engineer advised on technical and engineering matters relating to ordnance design, construction, and tests; and the Assistant for Rockets and Jet Propulsion, whose post was established in December 1944, cooperated with all other Navy bureaus and with the Army on the technical aspects of developing rockets and jet propulsion. The Assistant for Plastics and Non-Metallic Materials was responsible for staff duties indicated by his title.

During the early part of the war the Division was composed of six major sections, designated as Ammunition and Explosives; Armor, Projectiles, Bombs, and Ballistics; Fire Control and Optics; Guns and Mounts; Underwater Ordnance; and Planning and Engineering. Subsequently there were

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added the Foreign Ordnance Section, which served as a clearinghouse for ordnance reports and the collection of foreign ordnance data; the Aviation Ordnance Section, which handled aviation guns, mounts, fire-control instruments, tow targets, and other similar ordnance material; and the Guided Missiles, Jet Propulsion, and Countermeasures Section, which in October 1945 took over most of the functions of the Assistant for Rockets and Jet Propulsion. A large amount of technical research and development was sponsored or financed by the Division. Educational institutions and foundations carried on many such research projects, and private industry contributed greatly to the Bureau's research program. Government agencies, particularly the National Defense Research Committee of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, developed many new and improved weapons for the Bureau.

Records.--Many wartime records of the Division are in the central files of the Bureau. Separately maintained records in the Division include contract records (188 feet), microcopies of ship and armor plans (5 feet), photographs of ships (43 feet), project records pertaining to research and development in connection with underwater ordnance (29 feet), ballistic reports (20 feet), ships files relating to degaussing and deperming installations and treatments and to inspections and magnetic measurements (440 feet), and range tapes, such as degaussing ranging booklets (625 feet). Records of the Division in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., include patent applications on ordnance equipment (20 feet); project records pertaining to research and development in connection with ammunition and explosives, armor, projectiles, bombs and rockets, fire-control instruments, gun mounts, and aviation ordnance (90 feet); and correspondence and related materials pertaining to research and development in acoustic fields, oceanographic studies, pressure pulse, and related subjects (5 feet). Original tracings of 40-mm. gun mount MK3, 1943-44; blueprints, reports, and correspondence on the design of naval guns, 1939-41; and records relating to projects for research on and the development and manufacture of torpedoes, torpedo tubes, and components, 1939-41, are in the National Archives.

Production Division [922]

This Division was responsible for the production and delivery of ordnance items, and it produced supplies of these to be used on newly built vessels in accordance with characteristics formulated by the Research and Development Division. It procured and delivered necessary items for the upkeep of material on vessels in commission or material in store or reserve as requested by the Fleet Maintenance Division, and it produced all materials necessary for improvements in ordnance installations as requested by the Research and Development or the Fleet Maintenance Division. The Director of the Division was assisted by three technical aides, one each for optics, facilities, and munitions, by the Assistant Director for Property Disposition, whose post was established in 1945, and by the Assistant Director for Procurement, who supervised the negotiation of all contracts for equipment, the financing of contractors, and the establishment of procedures for

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the termination of contracts. In 1945 the production of aviation ordnance was consolidated in the Aviation Ordnance Section of the Production Division, which supervised the production of bombsights, aviation torpedoes, fire-control instruments, and aircraft tow targets and accessories.

Records.--Of the Division's records of contracts and contract terminations for the war period (765 feet), many are in the central files of the Bureau. Such contract records for 1941-44 are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Records of the Division now in the successor Material Division include investigations and reports of surveys of plants of prospective contractors (94 feet); records of the Naval Inspector of Powder, East Coast, pertaining to explosives procured from Dupont Powder Works (14 feet); directives concerning procurement for lend-lease purposes (26 feet); photographs of armor, bomb, and projectile tests (6 feet); records pertaining to the administration and activities of the Division (26 feet); and ballistic-test reports and related correspondence on primers, cartridge cases, tracers, and ammunition components (66 feet). Project files relating to the development of different types of ordnance equipment, 1939-42 (9 feet), are in the National Archives.

Fleet Maintenance Division [923]

This Division was responsible for the distribution, issue, accounting, maintenance, stowage, safety, handling, and surveillance of all types of ammunition and explosives; for the maintenance of repair facilities and test equipment; and for issuing and revising ordnance allowance lists and instructions covering operational and maintenance procedures for equipment. It distributed ordnance material after its procurement and delivery to designated sources of supply; installed, altered, repaired, or replaced ordnance material in ships and at designated bases, stations, and training centers; and provided an adequate stock of spare parts in stores afloat and ashore, in accordance with approved allowance lists. Installations and alterations in newly constructed ships were under the cognizance of the Production Division until action had been taken on any defects and deficiencies noted in the final acceptance trials; after this, cognizance was transferred to the Fleet Maintenance Division.

Near the end of the war the Division had the following sections: Maintenance Planning, Ammunition, Underwater Ordnance, Fire Control and Optics, Guns and Mounts, Aviation Ordnance Equipment, and Shipment. The Maintenance Planning Section coordinated the work of the ship-repair program, analyzed directives received by the Division and distributed them within the Division, established allowances of ordnance materials to be maintained ashore and afloat, and kept centralized records for material accounting. The Ships' Subsection of the Maintenance Planning Section kept battle-damage information and ships' availability records, and the Ordnance Allowance and Records Subsection maintained records of armament installed on United States naval vessels and on both United States and foreign merchant vessels.

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Records.--Many wartime records of the Division are in the central files of the Bureau. Other records of the Division, now in the successor Material Division, include card records of guns, mounts, power drives, directors, computers, range finders and keepers, radar equipment, gunsights, and other ordnance equipment (10 feet); basic lists indicating in detail ordnance equipment, spare parts, and expendable material to which vessels of different types were entitled (260 feet); card records of optical and nonoptical fire-control instruments and radar instruments (50 feet); records pertaining to the issue of ammunition (5 feet); and a set of training films on optical equipment. Records of the Division in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., include lists of functional components required to outfit an advance base (50 feet); and correspondence, reports, photographs, and related technical data pertaining to the specifications, identification, packing, chemical content, accuracy, range, and penetration of small arms ammunition (8 feet).

Naval Ordnance Establishments Division [924]

This Division was created on August 15, 1945, and took over the functions and personnel of the Ordnance Stations Section, which had been established in the Administrative Division in February 1941. Its functions included cognizance over matters, except production, pertaining to the development and operation of ordnance stations, the construction of new naval ordnance plants and the expansion of existing industrial plants for the production of naval ordnance, the allotment and control of maintenance funds for all ordnance stations except fleet and section bases, and the procurement and distribution of movable equipment for ordnance public works projects.

Records.--Most of the wartime records of the Division are in the central files of the Bureau. Retained in the Division are lists of naval ordnance activities, showing their functions and authority and the dates of their establishment and disestablishment.

Field Activities [925]

The Bureau of Ordnance had cognizance over some 200 shore establishments, including naval gun factories, torpedo stations, ordnance plants, powder factories, ammunition depots, magazines on shore, mine depots, net depots, proving grounds, ordnance laboratories, test stations, and degaussing activities. These establishments were concerned with the development, manufacture, testing, stowage, and issue of guns, mines, torpedoes, ammunition, powder, and means of underwater protection for the Navy. The most important single establishment under the Bureau, the Naval Gun Factory in Washington, D.C., is separately discussed below.

Records.--Wartime records in the ordnance shore establishments include correspondence and related papers used in connection with war plans or plans for postwar operations of the establishments; project reports on tests and experiments relating to the design of ordnance matériel; blueprints and

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drawings of ordnance equipment, including jigs, tools, dies, and fixtures; tracings and blueprints of station buildings and utilities; and station logs. Records of overseas ordnance activities in the Atlantic and Mediterranean Areas are in the Naval Records Management Center at New Orleans; those for the Pacific Area are in the Center at San Bruno, Calif.

Naval Gun Factory [926]

Even before World War I the main function of the Washington Navy Yard had been the making of guns for the Navy. During World War If the expansion of this work was very great, necessitating the building of new gun-assembly shops, storehouses, an administration building, a laboratory, a mine building, and various miscellaneous structures. The Naval Ordnance Laboratory at the Washington Navy Yard also was greatly expanded during World War If, to deal especially with the problem of aircraft-laid magnetic mines. By 1945 the work at the Navy Yard was entirely confined to ordnance activities, and in December of that year the whole of the Navy Yard was incorporated into the Naval Gun Factory.

Records.--Besides the types of records listed above as generally retained at ordnance shore establishments, wartime records in the Naval Gun Factory include contract files, which contain contracts, subcontracts, Navy orders, endorsed mill orders, inspection papers, shipping data, and correspondence relating to the manufacture of guns and gun mounts; records of metallurgical research; photographic negatives of ordnance material and equipment; tracings of drawings and sketches of ordnance manufactured by or for the Bureau; and card records showing the history and location of gun barrels, breech housings, gages, and mounts. Records of the Naval Gun Factory in the National Archives include gun records for scrapped or expended 5-inch to 16-inch guns and samples of gun records for guns smaller than 5 inches, 1939-44.

BUREAU OF SUPPLIES AND ACCOUNTS [927]

The Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, which was established in 1842 as the Bureau of Provisions and Clothing and received its present name in 1892, was responsible for the supply, finance, and accounting functions of the Naval Establishment. Although its basic responsibilities were unchanged during World War II, its operations were greatly expanded. The successive wartime Chiefs of the Bureau were Rear Admirals Ray Spear, William B. Young, and William J. Carter.

The Bureau, also known as BuSandA, was responsible for the Navy's procurement, warehousing, and handling of supplies, except Marine Corps supplies and certain special and technical items. It administered the Naval Procurement, Stock, and Working Funds and stocks purchased from these funds. It had charge of naval supply depots and similar units and supervised fuel depots, supply piers, and storehouses. It assembled supplies and materials for the initial establishment of advance bases, except supplies and materials provided by the Bureau of Yards and Docks. It supervised inventories and controlled usage and requirement declarations of critical and

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strategic materials subject to allocation by the Navy Department's Office of Procurement and Material, the War Production Board, and other Government agencies. It made recommendations concerning storehouses ashore and supply spaces afloat; administered a centralized storage-requirements and space-control program for continental storage facilities; supervised the transportation of naval property and the household effects of naval personnel; had charge of cargo procurement and the loading and discharging of supply ships; and developed improved methods of packaging and handling materials.

The Bureau's finance and accounting duties included the preparation of budgetary estimates and the administration of funds for freight, fuel, clothing, and subsistence of naval personnel, for its own activities, and for the rental of property for general naval purposes; the supervision of disbursing activities and war bond services for the Naval Establishment; and the maintenance of Navy money and property accounts, including records of lend-lease material furnished foreign governments by the Naval Establishment, cost accounts of work done for the Navy in private plants, and inventories of Navy property. The Bureau supervised the salvage and sale of Navy property. It also prepared estimates of the needs of the Supply Corps, which consisted of those naval officers responsible for the business operations of the Navy in supply, fiscal, and disbursing functions. The Bureau recommended the appointment of candidates for commissions in that organization.

During the war the functions of the Bureau remained unchanged, but accounting procedures were simplified, procedures for the control and inventory of stores were clarified, disbursing was decentralized, and paper work was minimized. At the height of the war the Bureau included the Office of the Chief, staff assistants and offices, other control and administrative divisions, the Requirements and Supply Groups under the Director of Supply, and the Finance and Accounting Groups under the Fiscal Director. The organization of the Bureau described below is that of the later war period.

Records.--In the central files of the Bureau, maintained in the Chief Clerk's Division, are the general records of the Bureau's divisions and offices, arranged according to the Navy Filing Manual. The central files for 1939-41 (200 feet) are in the National Archives; those for 1942-46 (7,000 feet) are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. They include both security-classified and unclassified letters, memoranda, dispatches, reports, and copies of contracts or purchase orders and related papers. Other records of the Bureau in the Center at Arlington include correspondence, contracts, and related records, 1939-44 (1,250 feet), and other contracts and related correspondence, 1938-43.

The organization of the Bureau can be traced in Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, "Control Record, Organization, and Functions," Nov. 1, 1942, July 15, 1943, Oct. 1, 1945, and Mar. 20 1946 (50 p., processed), in the Chief Clerk's Division. A 20-volume unpublished history of the Bureau during World War II is in the Division of Naval Records and History.
[See "The Bureau of Supplies and Accounts" in Administration of the Navy Department in World War II --HyperWar.]

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Office of the Chief of the Bureau [928]

The Chief of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, who was also the Paymaster General of the Navy, was responsible for the Bureau's administration. His staff included the Professional Assistant, who furnished legal advice on all matters except procurement, and the Office of the Counsel, which performed all legal services relating to procurement. One of the staff offices that reported directly to the Chief was the Material Redistribution and Disposal Administration, which supervised salvage, conservation, and surplus disposal. In 1945 this agency was transferred to the Office of Procurement and Material in the Executive Office of the Secretary of the Navy. Other units that reported directly to the Chief of the Bureau are discussed below.

Records.--The records of the Office in the central files of the Bureau include correspondence of the Professional Assistant, 1942-46 (10 feet); the legislative file, 1939-46 (80 feet); contract case files, 1939-46 (150 feet); and correspondence and reports of the Cost Inspection Service on costs, profits, and audits, 1939-46 (200 feet).

Administrative Planning Division [929]

This Division, formerly the Logistics Planning Division, was renamed the Administrative Planning Division on March 29, 1945. It was responsible for over-all planning for the Bureau and liaison with other bureaus, offices, and agencies; control of printing and publications; supervision of public relations; preparing the history of the Bureau; liaison with Congress; managerial surveys; and the Bureau's interest in the military government of occupied areas. It studied inland supply depots, storage, consolidation of ship's stores and ship's service, appointment of district mess officers, and fleet supply vessels. Its Ships Section handled supply matters pertaining to the fitting out and commissioning of new vessels. The Advance Base Section studied, in terms of the Bureau's responsibility for advance bases, needs for standard stock items, special clothing, consumables, storage and supply facilities, office supplies, petroleum products, cobbler and tailor shops, handling equipment, and disbursing offices. The Section compiled the initial outfitting list, trained supply officers for advance-base work, and developed the basic boxed load for the standard-issue load packed for export.

Records.--The wartime correspondence of the Division concerning the coordination and control of Supply activities, policy, and administrative planning and procedures, is in the central files of the Bureau. Records in the successor Planning Division include war plans and historical summaries, 1942-46 (162 feet); reports and recommendations concerning the organization, personnel, management, and procedures of the Bureau in Washington and in the field, 1940-46 (8 feet); detailed records relating to logistics doctrine, war plans, and war requirements, 1939-46; and a "historical" file of war plans, war diaries, reports, data, correspondence, and other materials relating to supply services during the war, 1939-46. Records of the Division

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in the National Archives include notes and drafts of plans for the expansion of naval activities, 1940-41 (4 feet); reports on war planning and logistics, 1920-40, and related statistical summaries of progress, 1940-42, concerning advance bases (15 feet); and records relating to the outfitting and maintenance of advance bases in the Pacific and other theaters of operations, 1942-45 (14 feet).

Management Engineering Section [930]

This Section was established within the Administrative Planning Division on October 20, 1944, by a consolidation of the Standards Section of the Budget Division; the Forms, Research, and Design Unit of the Printing and Publications Section; and the Management Engineering Division, which had been established in July 1943. It surveyed the Bureau's activities in Washington and the field and submitted recommendations concerning organization, personnel, operating methods, and procedures. It reviewed the work of divisions throughout the Bureau and studied the simplification of correspondence, the utilization of space, and the effectiveness of personnel. For the field it developed and promoted new systems of pay-roll accounting, a tabulating stock-control method, and means of expediting the receipt, storage, and issue of material.

Records.--Reports on the Section's managerial surveys, 1942-46 (8 feet), and correspondence and reports on the utilization of office machines, 1939-- 42 (17 feet), are in the successor Management Engineering Division.

Administrative Services Division [931]

This Division, originally the Aide's Division, was established in January 1944 to maintain liaison between the Bureau and Congress and to handle public relations. It published the Monthly Newsletter of the Paymaster General and a daily bulletin, supervised the writing of the Bureau's history, maintained a library of technical publications, and did editorial and publication work for the Bureau. In April 1945 the Division, still retaining its responsibility for congressional liaison, history, and editorial services, became the Technical Assistant's Section of the Administrative Planning Division.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Division is in the central files of the Bureau. Material used in compiling the Supply Corps history, 1942-46 (40 feet), is in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Foreign Finance Division [932]

This Division, established on November 18, 1943, handled the Bureau's interest in the military government program and was responsible for making recommendations on the participation of the Supply Corps in the Bureau's relief-supply functions, developing policies and plans for this participation, and recommending assignments of officers and supplying the necessary instructions to these officers. The Division maintained liaison for the Bureau with the Office of Civilian Affairs of the Office of

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the Chief of Naval Operations, the Foreign Economic Administration, the State Department, the Office of Strategic Services, and other agencies engaged in planning for and administering occupied areas. On March 29, 1945, the Division became the Military Government Section of the Bureau's Administrative Planning Division.

Records.--Policy and administrative correspondence relating to the wartime activities of the Division is in the central files of the Bureau. Correspondence of the Division, 1942-45 (7 feet), with supply officers of military government units in Japan and the Pacific area, on such matters as nominations for officers for certain billets, travel allowances, and daily supply activities, is in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Officer Personnel Division [933]

This Division was responsible for the personnel program for Supply Corps officers and pay clerks. It kept statistical data, records of service, and fitness reports; estimated requirements and recommended appointment, promotion, and discharge of Supply Corps officers; reviewed actions by courts martial, courts of inquiry, and boards of investigation involving these officers; supervised the Supply Corps officer selection boards; and planned the Supply Corps officers' training program, including the establishment and operation of schools. In June 1944 the Division was made responsible for recommending training courses for, and complements of, enlisted personnel assigned to duty with Supply Corps officers and under their cognizance.

Records.--Separately maintained records of this Division, which are in the custody of the Naval Personnel Division, include correspondence and directives, 1942-46 (52 feet), personnel records of regular and reserve officers not on active duty (366 feet), and personnel records of regular officers on active duty (150 feet).

Inspection Group [934]

The function of this Group was to insure that the general conditions, effectiveness of organization, and efficiency of performance of supply activities ashore complied with the laws and administrative policies governing those activities. It reviewed inspection reports of supply activities, and its general inspection staff conducted inspections as directed.

Records.--Records of this Group in the central files of the Bureau, 1939-45, include reports on inspections of supply activities, general correspondence, and other documents concerning the condition, organization, and efficiency of supply activities and their compliance with statutory and administrative regulations.

Field Branch [935]

This Branch, established in Cleveland in January 1943, was not a field activity of the Bureau but an administrative unit of the Office of the Chief of the Bureau, reporting directly to him. It was in charge of

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matters concerning pay allotments, family allowances, gratuities, mustering-out and personal-remittance-plan payments; it issued war bonds purchased by allotments; carried pay accounts of retired, missing, and captured personnel and of deserters; it examined returns of disbursing officers and controlled pay accounts; and it provided pay records for audit and data on pay for use in appropriation estimates.

Records.--The wartime records of this Branch are at its headquarters in Cleveland. They consist chiefly of pay-record jackets for naval officer and enlisted personnel, 1939-46, and allotment folders, 1939-46.

Navy Catalog Office [936]

This Office was established in New York City in November 1944 to facilitate logistics planning and inventory reporting through the development of standardized stock nomenclature and a catalog of all naval materials, including the many items not previously represented in the Standard Stock Catalog of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. In developing the catalog, the Office worked both under the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts and under the Inventory Control Office, an office controlled jointly by the Secretary of the Navy and the Chief of Naval Operations. The preparation of the catalog was a basic step in inventory reporting. The Office cataloged all Navy-owned materials and maintained liaison, on Navy Catalog matters, between the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts and the other bureaus of the Navy and the Commandants of the Marine Corps and Coast Guard.

Records.--The wartime records of the Office are at its New York headquarters. They consist of correspondence, material card records, item-identification cards, and other records pertinent to the functions of the Office.

Office of the Director of Supply [937]

The Director of Supply, whose office was established on March 29, 1945, was in charge of activities formerly performed by the Supply Group. He was responsible for the Bureau's activities related to the logistic support of the Navy. The functions and records of the administrative units under the Director of Supply are discussed below.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Director pertaining to budget requirements, authorized stock, requirements of fuel and electric current, changes in supply procedures, inspection reports, slock maintenance, tabulating procedures, disposal of materials, surplus property, and spare parts and expendable items, is in the central files of the Bureau.

Historical data files concerning the establishment and activities of the Spare Part and Distribution Centers at Pearl Harbor and Guam, the Electronics Supply Branch and Control Center at Bayonne, N.J., and the Submarine and Supply Center at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, 1941-46, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

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Administrative Office, Naval Stock Fund [938]

This Office supervised and controlled the use of the Naval Stock Fund and operations under that fund. The Naval Stock Fund was a pool of money appropriated from the general funds of the United States and used as a revolving fund in purchasing for the Navy bureaus various categories of material carried in the Naval Stock Account. The Office reviewed class balance sheets, stock-turnover reports, inspection reports in which the Naval Stock Fund was involved, and assignments of Naval Stock Account special class numbers; compiled reports on the history and condition of the Naval Stock Fund; and provided legal advice and service on matters concerning the fund.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Office pertaining to the Naval Stock Fund, charges applicable to appropriations, and adjustments in obligations is in the central files of the Bureau. Records of the Office in the Matériel Control Division include charts and graphs showing inventory on Naval Stock Account, the growth of total receipts, expenditures, and inventories, monthly balance sheet trends, cash unexpended balances, and monthly credits and debits to the Naval Stock Fund, 1939-46.

Inventory Control Office [939]

This Office, acting under directives of the Inventory Control Office in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations supervised and controlled the taking of inventory of supply materials and applied the Navy inventory control program in the activities of the Bureau.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Office pertaining to inventory control in the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, the redistribution and disposal of surplus property, the control of materials allocated by the War Production Board, and stock control and mechanized methods of stock replenishment, and estimates and progress reports relating to the taking of physical inventories are in the central files of the Bureau. Consolidated reports, 1939-46, concerning stock inventories at the Bureau's supply activities, showing stock gains and losses, stock values, and ledger adjustments, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Navy Catalog Office Liaison [940]

This office acted as the Washington representative of the Navy Catalog Office. It reviewed catalog changes and routed them to the proper agencies, established stock-classification policy, classified all new items, and maintained a classification index. It acted in liaison with other Government cataloging agencies and other Navy Department bureaus for the purpose of identification of stock items, and it numbered stock items and maintained contact in numbering with the Treasury Department's procurement agencies.

Records.--Wartime records of this office are in the central files of the Bureau. They include correspondence pertaining to electronics, ball bearings, the distribution of stock catalogs, the numbering of items, nomenclature and symbols, specifications, prices, changes, additions, and deletions affecting

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the Navy Catalog, the clearance of Catalog proof, and requests for stock numbers, technical information, and material identification.

Requirements Group [941]

Under the administration of the Director of Supply this Group determined the needs of the Navy for food, clothing, fuel, and other supplies for which the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts was responsible. The various divisions comprising the Group are discussed below.

Records.--For the records of the Group, see separate entries below.

General Stock Division [942]

This Division determined requirements, controlled inventory, fixed standard prices for general stock items, developed new packing and handling methods, and administered the Naval Stock Fund. It worked in cooperation with the War Production Board, the Joint Army and Navy Munitions Board, the Office of Price Administration, the Procurement Division of the Treasury Department, and the Navy Department's Office of Procurement and Material.

The Division's Planning Branch developed and installed an inventory-control system for stock items, expedited the movement of material, provided information for determining stock requirements, developed and assisted in installing stock-control methods and procedures for supply activities, and made special studies and analyses of problems in stock and inventory control. The Stock Control Branch maintained records of general stock status and running-term contracts, reviewed and analyzed requests for replenishment of stock and diverted materials to fill requests or forwarded the requests for purchases, determined the availability of general stock for lend-lease and other purposes, and estimated requirements of raw materials and noncontrolled items. The Field Operations Branch developed, recommended, and assisted in installing improvements in the preservation, packing, and handling of materials. The Controlled Materials Branch administered the Navy's share in the War Production Board's Controlled Materials Plan in connection with requirements, stocks, authentications, allotments, and diversions.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the Bureau's central files include correspondence and other records pertaining to equipment required for naval reserve training, to stock requirements, and to procurement and maintenance at supply activities; weekly progress and status reports from supply offices; and inspection reports and surveys. Records of the Division now in the General Stores Supply Office, Philadelphia, Pa., which took over the functions of the Division when that Office was established in September 1946, include lists of functional components for the initial outfitting of advance bases, 1939-45; technical-information files regarding products of automotive manufacturers, including copies of bids, drawings, blueprints, correspondence, and descriptive catalog data, 1939-46; survey reports on the preservation, packaging, and packing operations at naval activities, 1939-46; and photographs and reports concerning damaged shipments and

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methods of handling, stevedoring, and loading, 1939-46. Controlled Materials Plan ledgers, 1943-45 (3 feet), are in the National Archives.

Subsistence Division [943]

This Division, established in the Requirements Group in November 1944, when the Clothing and Subsistence Division was split into two divisions, performed the administrative duties of the Bureau pertaining to provisions, subsistence, ship's stores, and commissary stores for the Navy. It investigated new food products and special rations; developed abandon-ship and battle rations and a dry-provision allowance for expeditions; studied the nutritional value of the Navy ration; administered commissary stores; revised The Navy Cook Book; and issued instructions on preparing, serving, and conserving food. The Division worked closely with the War Production Board, the War Food Administration, the National Research Council, the Office of Price Administration, and the Provision Committee of the Joint Army and Navy Munitions Board.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Division on the procurement of dry provisions, refrigeration, stock levels, storage and inspection, contract messes, and related topics is in the central files of the Bureau. In the Division are records relating to Navy food requirements, the conservation of food, and food research and containing specifications, inspection data and tests, reports on special projects, cost studies, menus, technical information, and manufacturers' reports and bulletins, 1939-46; general research files, 1942-46 (16 feet); and provision specifications, 1938-46 (8 feet).

Fuel Division [944]

This Division was established in the Requirements Group on February 6, 1943, when the Fuel and Transportation Division was divided. It was responsible for determining the Navy's requirements of solid fuels, petroleum fuels, and lubricants and similar requirements of foreign governments eligible for lend lease; it controlled the storage and inventory of Navy stocks of these products and arranged for their replenishment as needed for pool storages and continental fuel depots; and it prepared estimates under the appropriation "Fuel, Navy." The Division maintained liaison with such agencies and committees as the Army-Navy Petroleum Board, the Petroleum Administration for War, the Aviation Petroleum Products Allocations Committee of the Munitions Assignments Board, the Foreign Economic Administration, and the Army Quartermaster Corps.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau include correspondence pertaining to shipments of lubricating oils, greases, and waxes and the routing of Navy freight; tanker loading instructions; tank-car shipping instructions; and other aspects of its activities.

Clothing Division [945]

This Division, established in the Requirements Group in November 1944, when the Subsistence and Clothing Division was divided into two divisions, was responsible for seeing that the Navy's requirements

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for clothing and textiles were met, and it controlled the Clothing and Small Stores Fund and the stocks procured from it. It studied and prepared lists of special and protective clothing for tropical, temperate, and arctic areas; handled clothing for V-5 and V-12 trainees; planned and established plants for the renovation and repair of special clothing; promoted research in textiles and dyes; and supervised the Naval Clothing Factory in Brooklyn. N.Y. In the spring of 1945 the Division's functions of research and development in clothing and textiles, drawing up specifications and changes, estimating requirements, controlling stocks, and distributing special clothing were transferred to the Naval Clothing Factory.

Records.--Records concerning the functions listed immediately above are in the Naval Clothing Factory. In the Division are correspondence and other records pertaining to abandon-ship equipment, acetate fabrics, Army clothing allowances and price lists, athletic clothing, renovation stations, regulations on items of uniforms and insignia, and specifications, 1939-46; and records of boards and committees that were concerned with revisions of specifications for clothing and textiles and the availability of cloth, 1939-46. Other records are in the Bureau's central files.

Ship's Store Division [946]

This Division was established on August 1, 1944, to supervise ship's stores and service activities, determine requirements for and insure availability of adequate stocks, and administer expenditures from ship's store profits. The Administrative Section of the Division determined general policies; recommended forms, records, and controls; approved surveys of stock; and administered expenditures of the profits. The Requirements Section determined stock requirements and directed the allocation of scarce items, maintained statistical and stock records, prepared specifications, and initiated requisitions. The Operations Section prescribed merchandising practices, provided technical advice, and recommended the complement and training of personnel.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Division pertaining to policy and the establishment, operation, and disestablishment of ship's stores and commissary stores within and outside the continental United States is in the central files of the Bureau.

Supply Services Group [947]

Under the administration of the Director of Supply this Group procured adequate stocks of items for which the Bureau was responsible, exercised controls over the movement of Navy materials, and provided for the adequate storage of materials. The three divisions comprising the Group are discussed below.

Records.--See separate entries for the divisions, below.

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Purchase Division [948]

This Division was responsible for procuring services and supplies for the Navy, except certain technical and special items; preparing and issuing purchase orders, contracts, change orders, and amendments; and supervising and coordinating the buying functions of Supply Corps activities in the field.

Records.--Among the wartime records of the Division in the custody of the successor Procurement Division are contract-clearance case files, 1941-46 (32 feet); administrative correspondence on the settlement of claims, 1944-46 (120 feet); and tabulation-of-bid books, 1937-Mar. 1943 (15 vols.). The Division's daily reports on naval contracts, May 1942-Mar. 1943 (88 feet), and a series of contracts (906 feet) are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Storage Division [949]

This Division handled the allocation and utilization of storage space, estimated requirements and procured space as needed, worked out a public warehousing plan in cooperation with the War Department, studied cold and dehumidified storage, and issued a monthly report, "Use of Storage Space.". The Officer-in-Charge of the Division was the Navy member of the Space Control Committee of the Surplus War Property Administration and served on the Ocean Shipping Committee of the Joint Army and Navy Munitions Board and on the Navy Storage Control Committee.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Division pertaining to construction and maintenance of the Navy's public works projects is in the central files of the Bureau. Records in the Division include storage-space reports, 1944-46 (30 feet), and photographs, maps, and plans of storage facilities, 1945-46 (4 feet). Correspondence on the establishment of storage facilities, 1939-43 (7 feet), is in the National Archives; that for 1944-46 is in the Division.

Transportation Division [950]

This Division was established on February 6, 1943, when the Fuel and Transportation Division was divided. It routed commercial surface traffic, quoted rates for special shipments, maintained records and information on shipment orders, arranged for the movement and priorities of air cargo, maintained overseas air-cargo terminals, directed overseas shipments into the least crowded ports, prepared plans for the clearance of the Navy's overseas cargo, and maintained records of such clearance. It provided shipping instructions for sending materials to advance bases, vessels, and mobile units; analyzed Navy traffic flow and distribution; protected the interests of the Navy in connection with rates and charges of carriers; prescribed policies and procedures for the shipment of household effects of naval personnel; and compiled the "Navy Shipping Guide." The Division cooperated closely with the Office of Defense Transportation, the War Shipping Administration, and the Naval Air Transport Service.

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Records.--Wartime records of the Division concerning such subjects as switching, drayage, quotations, and diversion orders are in the central files of the Bureau. Among the records in the Division are correspondence on the organization and operation of air-cargo terminals and on supply relations with the Naval Air Transport Service and with commercial air facilities, 1939-46 (6 feet), and charts pertaining to traffic flow, work loads, and transportation, 1939-46. Ships' manifests, Mar.-June 1945 (75 feet), and quarterly reports of Navy Overseas Air-Cargo Terminals, Apr. 1942-Dec. 1944 (11 feet), are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Office of the Fiscal Director [951]

In this Office, established on December 22, 1944, were centralized responsibilities for the fiscal activities that had been performed by the Cost Inspection Service and the divisions composing the Accounting Group and the Finance Group, which are described below. The Fiscal Director was generally responsible for formulating, coordinating, and supervising policies and procedures that affected the finance, budgeting, accounting, and auditing activities of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. The component units of the Office are separately discussed below.

Records.--Correspondence relating to policies and procedures for the management of the fiscal affairs of the Navy, 1941-46 (88 feet), is in the Office of the Fiscal Director. Records of the many units of the Office are discussed below.

Budget Division [952]

This Division compiled budget estimates for the Bureau; analyzed proposals for establishing, expanding, reducing, or disestablishing functions and facilities; reviewed negotiations and communications with Congress, the Navy Department, and other Government agencies on appropriation requirements; and proposed legislation affecting Bureau funds and appropriations. The Division ruled on requests for the allocation to the Bureau of funds of other bureaus and agencies and on allotments, allocations, and transfers to departmental and field agencies of the Navy and other agencies, except in cases of special allotment under the Naval Working Fund.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division concerning the submission of budget estimates to the Bureau of the Budget and the furnishing of office machines and other equipment to advance bases are in the central files of the Bureau. Records in the successor Budget and Finance Division include annual budget papers, 1930-46 (24 feet), and a chronological record of appropriations, with a break-down showing the amounts allowed by the Bureau of the Budget, the House of Representatives, and the Senate and the final appropriations approved, 1942-46 (2 feet).

Cost Inspection Service [953]

This Service performed cost auditing in connection with Navy contracts. It developed standard accounting provisions for inclusion in contracts and gave technical accounting advice to contracting officers.

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It reviewed termination claims and initiated requests for review of the accounting procedures and records of contractors; reviewed audit reports, public vouchers, and final cost certificates; developed definitions of allowable; costs under contracts subject to cost inspection; adjudicated disallowances of cost that were contested by contractors; and prepared statistical summary reports on the progress of cost inspection. It reviewed for the Joint Army, Navy, and War Shipping Administration Master Repair Contract Board the quarterly and annual cost reports submitted by contractors, prepared opinions for the Board, and furnished it and other agencies with technical advice on problems of cost inspection relating to ship repair and conversion work.

Records. Wartime records of the Service in the central files of the Bureau include "Termination" files consisting of advisory reports on cancellation claims and termination charges, advisory reports to contracting officers, reports on field-accounting review by Navy cost inspectors, and related correspondence; correspondence pertaining to audits, the history of cost-inspection service in some districts, the reimbursement of overtime premium costs, the expediting of final payments under contracts, provisions in cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts, accounting procedures, insurance, excess profits, and taxes and tax refunds; housing-audit reports and correspondence; and transportation-audit reports and correspondence.

International Aid Division [954]

This Division, established on July 14, 1944, succeeded the Lend-Lease Accounting Division and the Budget Division's Defense Aid Section, which were abolished at the same time. The Division represented the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts in matters concerning aid to foreign governments. One section supervised planning, requisitions, budget requirements, the housing and training of foreign personnel, and the development of reciprocal aid. Another section maintained fiscal and statistical records, prepared official invoices, and prescribed lend-lease accounting procedure for field activities. A third section was responsible for the movement of lend-lease materials.

Records.--Records of the Division in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., include inventory papers of ships transferred to foreign governments, 1942-45 (72 feet); requisitions of foreign governments, 1941-46 (1,484 feet); authorizations of lend-lease shipments, 1943-46 (150 feet); lend-lease invoices and project orders, 1941-45 (90 feet); records concerning lend-lease to and reciprocal aid from Australia, 1941-46 (112 feet); and records of the United States Joint Purchasing Board--New Zealand, 1941-46 (66 feet).

Finance Group [955]

The Finance Group of the Office of the Fiscal Director administered the disbursement and collection of funds for naval activities in the Washington area; advised and instructed field disbursing officers;

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administered the transportation of directly recruited civilian personnel and foreign military personnel; and was in charge of the issue of war bonds for the Department. The five divisions comprising the Group are described below.

Records.--See separate entries for the divisions, below.

Disbursing Division [956]

This Division handled the disbursement of Navy funds. During the war its duties were enlarged to include payment of bills involving lost vessels, invaded territories, lend lease and reverse lend lease, funeral expenses of deceased members of the Navy, and mustering-out pay; the transfer of funds to foreign vessels and of contracts to field disbursing officers for payment; advance payments on Navy contracts; issuance of ration-point checks with money checks; and the maintenance of a bank account in Canada for payment of Canadian and British bills. It also disbursed funds to pay transportation for foreign military personnel and for directly recruited civilian personnel, audited and paid freight and passenger bills and travel claims, claimed and collected excess profits under war contracts and rentals for Navy-owned facilities, and converted foreign and occupation currency to United States funds.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Division relating to such subjects as unpaid bills for services and supplies furnished ships lost at sea and personal effects lost in marine disasters is in the central files of the Bureau. Miscellaneous "housekeeping" records and correspondence relating to the renegotiation of contracts, 1943-46, are in the custody of the Navy Regional Accounts Office. Among records of the Division in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., are files containing copies of contracts or purchase orders, with related papers pertaining to payments, 1939-46 (1,085 feet).

Field Branch Liaison Division [957]

This Division, established on January 4, 1943, represented the Field Branch in Cleveland and issued instructions to disbursing officers on the pay and allowances of naval personnel. It acted in liaison between the Field Branch and the Bureau of Naval Personnel, the Veterans' Administration, and other Government agencies; compiled information for the Field Branch on allotments, family allowances, and master accounts; handled inquiries on the work of the Branch; received, recorded, reviewed, and sent to the General Accounting Office vouchers and other data on the status of disallowances in accounts; and prepared and disseminated instructions for disbursing officers.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Division relating to pay and allowances of naval personnel is in the central files of the Bureau. Records in the Division include financial accounts of naval disbursing officers, 1939-- 46 (184 feet), which are kept pending clearance by the General Accounting Office.

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Officers' Accounts Division [958]

This Division performed pay-roll and disbursing functions. During the war its procedures were streamlined; accommodations formerly extended to officers were discontinued; labor-saving machines were devised and put into use; and a new pay-roll system was initiated.

Records.--In the Division, pending their clearance by the General Accounting Office, are wartime records for individual disbursing officers refilling to pay accounts, certificates of deposits and statements for checking accounts, carbons of checks, Navy pay-roll money lists, and cash books of disbursing officers ashore.

Personnel Travel Division [959]

This Division had administrative control over policies for passenger transportation and the transportation of directly recruited civilian personnel and foreign military personnel. It prepared instructions for the preparation and use of travel vouchers, administered the issuance of transportation and subsistence of directly recruited Navy civilian personnel and of military personnel, obtained refunds for unused tickets, and arranged for adjustments of overcharges.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Division relating to payments for transportation and meal tickets is in the central files of the Bureau.

War Bond Division [960]

This Division was established on May 9, 1944, as the Navy's agency for the issuance of war bonds. It issued, inscribed, and validated bonds; and maintained individual records of pay-roll reservations for the purchase of bonds by civilian employees.

Records.--In the custody of the Division's successor, the Savings Bond Division, are "bond stubs," 1942-46 (4 feet, plus 300 rolls of microfilm).

Accounting Group [961]

The Accounting Group of the Office of the Fiscal Director kept the appropriation, money, cost, property, and general accounts of the Navy and audited its property and stores accounts. The seven divisions that made up the Group are discussed below.

Records.--See separate entries for the divisions, below.

Accounts and Reports Division [962]

This Division kept the appropriation, money, and general accounts of the Naval Establishment, and insured the proper bonding of naval personnel on accountable duty. It tabulated, analyzed, and maintained records of charges and credits to appropriations and allotments of the field activities.

Records.--Wartime records pertaining to adjustments in appropriations and claims of civilian employees are in the central files of the Bureau. In

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the Division are apportionment ledgers and warrants, 1939-46; and lend-lease records, 1943-46, including reports of requisition estimates, the statement and analysis of available funds, analysis of expenditures, defense-aid allocation letters, and pertinent correspondence (6 feet).

Administrative Division [963]

This Division administered and coordinated the Accounting Group's functions of personnel and office services. It collaborated with other units of the Group and with the Chief Clerk's Division on matters pertaining to recruitment, personnel actions, and job descriptions; maintained administrative control of personnel complements in the Group; and administered programs involving training, efficiency ratings, welfare, discipline, and other matters related to employee morale.

Records.--The general wartime correspondence of the Division is in the central files of the Bureau.

Audit Division [964]

This Division audited Navy stores and accounting returns and abstracted billings of charges to field activities made by disbursing officers throughout the Navy. It maintained subsidiary ledgers on different funds and accounts; coordinated the work in the administrative offices of the Bureau and in the field; and gave aid to the field force on procedures and backlogs. It prepared analytical cost-accounting statements on the administration of naval activities and prepared appropriation estimates for the General Accounting Office, the Treasury Department, and Congress. It also set up statements of operational functions for the assignment of personnel, made detailed audits and reconciliations of fiscal accounts and transactions, and made accounting and procedural studies and recommendations on fiscal operations of the naval shore establishment.

Records.--In the Division are tabulated listings by naval account, 1945-46 (19 vols.); recapitulation registers of Navy stores ashore, 1942-45 (10 vols.); ledger cards, 1945-46 (30 feet); and journal vouchers ledgers and general ledgers, 1942-45. In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., are ledger books containing reconciliation statements of transfers between Supply Officers and of receipts from purchase, 1944-46, and ledger cards showing reconciliations and recapitulations of balance sheets, 1945-46 (30 feet).

Cost Division [965]

This Division analyzed expenditures of naval activities and prepared annual cost statements. It controlled the flow of public vouchers from activities ashore; reviewed vouchers, certificates, invoices, reports of expenditures, transfers, adjustments, refunds, and deposits to assure charge or credit to the proper accounts; balanced public voucher registers; balanced financial statements and reports; maintained ledgers showing the original cost and the cost of maintenance, alterations, repairs, and operations of ships; and prepared detailed cost registers.

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Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Division pertaining to adjustments and information in connection with charges to accountable activities is in the central files of the Bureau. Records in the Division include summary cost registers, 1941-46; a ledger of costs of construction of vessels, 1939-46; ships' record books, 1939-46; station cost data, 1939-46; an inventory of capital equipment and expendable equipment and supplies, 1941-46; and a "yard ledger control," 1939-46, showing expenditures by titles as reported by yards and stations, including costs of output, maintenance, additions, and improvements.

Plant Inventory Division [966]

This Division, established on April 27, 1944, was responsible for inventorying plant equipment in some 1,500 naval plants and establishments and in commercial organizations that had custody of Navy property. This involved a detailed fiscal inventory for each item of equipment, including the manufacturer's name or the name of the person (or firm) from whom it was acquired, the date of purchase, the location of the installation, the type or character of the equipment, and its value. The Division assisted supply and accounting officers to reconcile their property records with the related accounting control and to establish appropriate cost records. The Division was absorbed by the Cost Division in March 1945.

Records.--Correspondence of the Division, relating to errors and adjustments in plant-account records of yards and stations, is in the central files of the Bureau. Other Division records, in the successor Cost Division, include journal vouchers, 1941-46 (10 vols.); plant-inventory ledgers, 1914-46 (9 vols.); reports on valuation of plant property, 1942-46 (4 feet); and public vouchers from Treasury counterwarrants, 1942-43 (6 feet).

Properly Accounting Division [967]

This Division reviewed matters concerning the Naval Working Fund. It collected reimbursements on the transfer of funds to Allied governments, royalty payments, and interest or service charges on small loans guaranteed by the Navy; reconciled deliveries to the Coast Guard, the Marine Corps, ships, and advance bases; and audited transactions on the release of Navy property and naval funds and accounts. It maintained several subsidiary ledgers, records on the transfer of property from the Army without reimbursement, project orders for extracontinental Naval Districts and advance bases, records of Navy property not accountable by any supply officers elsewhere, property records for airplanes and airplane engines, and property-disbursing officers' accounts. The Division also adjusted accounts of unusual store transactions, verified cash collections on account of store sales, accounted for the movement of excess material after contracts were terminated, and disposed of foreign money.

Records.--The Division's wartime correspondence pertaining to proposed procedures, policy matters, and the clearance of Bureau disbursing officers' accounts is in the central files of the Bureau. Ledgers of accounts receivable, 1941-46, allotments, 1939-46, and public-vouchers receipts under the Naval

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Supply Account, 1939-46, are in the Division. Lend-lease-vessel files, 1942-43 (62 feet), allotment folders, 1941-46, containing vouchers, contract records, requests for adjustment and amendments to purchase orders (80 feet), and accounts-current folders, 1943-46 (56 feet), are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Records of the Division relating to royalties on oil obtained from Naval Petroleum Reserves, amounts paid by individual companies, and discrepancies between the companies' royalty figures and those furnished by the Geological Survey, 1927-41 (4 feet), are in the National Archives.

Tabulating Division [968]

This Division operated the tabulating machines of the Accounting Group. It prepared on punch cards the data necessary for posting appropriation, cost, and general ledger accounts, verified the accuracy of the cards, and summarized all cost registers to obtain consolidated data for the Chief of the Bureau and special cost analysis reports required by other bureaus of the Navy Department.

Records.--Information summarized by the Division is included in the ledgers kept by other divisions of the Accounting Group.

Field Activities [969]

Logistic functions of the Bureau were carried on in the field by more than 800 shore stations under the cognizance of the Bureau, including supply depots, fuel depots, purchasing offices, property-transportation offices, and material-redistribution centers; and by supply, accounting, and disbursement departments or officers attached to shore establishments under the cognizance of other Bureaus or attached to ships and fleet organizational units.

Records.--The more important records of these activities are duplicated by records in the administrative offices of the Bureau or in the General Accounting Office. Few of the records in the field, therefore, have been preserved.

Wartime records of continental shore stations under the Bureau's management and of supply, accounting, and disbursing departments at shore establishments are in the nearest naval records management center. They consist chiefly of procurement records, including contracts and purchase orders; shipping records, including bills of lading and related papers; arid case files concerning sales of surplus materials. Similar records of overseas stations and of activities afloat, including transshipment tonnage data, are in the Naval Records Management Center at New Orleans, for the Atlantic and Mediterranean areas, and in the Center at San Bruno, Calif., for the Pacific area. Accounting records--such as civilian pay rolls and time cards and files relating to pay authorizations, deductions, and adjustments for individual civilian employees--are in the Naval Records Management Center at Mechanicsburg, Pa.

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BUREAU OF AERONAUTICS [970]

The Bureau of Aeronautics, also known as BuAer, was established within the Navy Department by an act of Congress of July 12, 1921 (42 Stat. 140), to perform duties pertaining to naval aeronautics as directed by the Secretary of the Navy. During World War II its major functions included research and development in naval aircraft design; the purchase, construction, and maintenance of aircraft and airships, rigid and nonrigid; the maintenance and repair of aeronautical equipment and supplies (except aircraft armament and ammunition, which were controlled by the Bureau of Ordnance); the maintenance of naval air stations and fleet air bases; the training and equipping of personnel to operate and maintain airships; and the supervision of photographic work for the Naval Establishment. In December 1942 the Bureau was authorized to negotiate directly with contractors for materials, and in 1944 it was given responsibility for terminating its war contracts. The successive wartime Chiefs of the Bureau were Rear Admirals John H. Towers, John S. McCain, Dewitt C. Ramsey, and Harold B. Sallada.

Under the direction of the Chief of the Bureau, the Bureau performed its work through a number of coordinate divisions in September 1939, the Administration, Financial, Plans, Flight, Personnel, Marine Corps Aviation, Procurement, Engineering, Airship, Public Works, and Maintenance Divisions. The outbreak of war in Europe brought about the expansion of the Bureau and the realignment of divisions, sections, and other units. When the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) was appointed in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations on August 18, 1943, the Planning, Personnel, Training, and Flight Divisions of the Bureau and the Director of Marine Corps Aviation were transferred to his Office, and during the rest of the year consolidations were effected within the Bureau. The Editorial Research Section in the Office of the Chief established a historical unit in January 1942 to centralize reports and data for a history of naval aviation in World War II, but on May 28, 1943, this unit was transferred to the Training Literature Section of the Training Division, and in August of the same year it was transferred with that Division to the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air). On December 13, 1943, the head of the Progress Division was assigned to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air), and the Division from then on existed under the dual cognizance of that Office and of the Bureau of Aeronautics. On May 19, 1945, the Special Devices Division was transferred from the Bureau of Aeronautics to the Office of Research and Inventions in the Executive Office of the Secretary. This Division and other principal operating units of the Bureau of Aeronautics as they existed at the end of 1945 are described below.

Records.--During World War If, as well as earlier and later, the Bureau maintained its central files, arranged according to the Navy Filing Manual, in the Mail and Records Section of its Administration Division. These central files were maintained in three groups, the secret files, the confidential files (together amounting to 1,000 feet), and the unclassified files (4,000

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feet). The unclassified central files for 1939-42 are in the National Archives; those for 1943-46 are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. The confidential central files, 1939-44, are in the National Archives; the later part of this series is in the Center at Arlington. Secret files, 1941-42 (38 feet), are in the National Archives; the rest of the secret files are in the Bureau.

In each group of the central files, correspondence, reports, memoranda, and other materials were filed by subject without reference to the divisions or sections in which they originated. In these files, 1939-46, are annual reports of the Bureau and its divisions and progress, "trouble," and "unsatisfactory material" reports; correspondence and reports concerning inventories, patents, designs, and specifications for aircraft and aircraft instruments, electronic devices, and photographic and other equipment; correspondence and reports pertaining to the Aeronautical Board, the Joint Aircraft Advisory Committee, the Shore Station Development Board, and the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics; organizational charts; administrative circulars and memoranda; and planning directives for the Bureau's shore activities.

The Bureau's central contract series (1,600 feet), arranged by contract number and containing completed contracts and related correspondence, is in the Mail and Records Section of the Administration Division.

Separate records were maintained in the divisions of the Bureau, but only those that do not duplicate material in the central files and that have continuing value are mentioned as records of the divisions described below. Noncurrent records of the field inspectors and of the field activities are in the nearest naval records management center. Photographic and motion picture record material is in the Photographic Science Laboratory at Washington, D.C.

See Bureau of Aeronautics, Manual, 1945; and Albert R. Buchanan, ed., The Navy's Air War, A Mission Completed (New York, 1946. 432 p.). [See also "Bureau of Aeronautics" in Administration of the Navy Department in World War II and the 21-volume administrative history --HyperWar.]

Headquarters Offices

Office of the Chief [971]

The Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics was responsible to the Secretary of the Navy for supervising and coordinating the Bureau's activities during the war. He was a member ex officio of the Aeronautical Board, the Joint Board, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, and other joint committees and boards. Special assistants to the Chief of the Bureau were appointed as needed, and during most of the war there were three who advised the Chief respectively on material, civilian personnel, and genera] matters. In April 1944 a Special Assistant for Fuel and Oil was appointed to head a small unit that cooperated with the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) in maintaining liaison with industry and Government agencies on matters concerning aviation fuel and lubricants. The Office of Counsel for the Bureau reviewed contracts and advised the Bureau on legal matters.

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Records.--Wartime correspondence and other records of the Chief, including records of the Counsel, are in the central files of the Bureau.

Office of the Assistant Chief [972]

The Assistant Chief supervised the activities of the Bureau, was principal adviser to the Chief on matters of aeronautical policy, represented the Bureau on a number of intradepartmental boards and committees, and maintained liaison with the Working Committee of the Aeronautical Board and the Aircraft Resources Control Office of the War Production Board. The Organizational Review Section of the Office of the Assistant Chief developed and maintained a guide to the field activities of the Bureau. A special assistant for lighter-than-air matters served the Assistant Chief until August 1944, when the Lighter-Than-Air Section was established in the Military Requirements Division. The Planning Committee, which was succeeded by the Postwar Planning Section in July 1945, coordinated the Bureau's planning for postwar activities and demobilization.

Records.--Wartime correspondence and other records of the Office of the Assistant Chief are in the central files of the Bureau.

Administration Division [973]

This Division was responsible for supervising and coordinating the Bureau's sections and divisions. Its duties included general administrative functions as well as supervision of transportation, publications, space, security, and air-raid protection. It prepared the Bureau's annual reports, the Bureau of Aeronautics Manual, and the daily "Log," and it coordinated the distribution of other administrative circulars and bulletins. The Division's Publications Branch was responsible for the procurement, editing, classifying, reproduction, and distribution of the Bureau's issuances. Its Mail and Records Section maintained the central files of the Bureau.

Records.--Most of the wartime correspondence and other records of the Division are in the central files of the Bureau. Functional and organizational charts and related correspondence (2 feet) are in the National Archives. Record copies of wartime issuances of the Bureau (70 feet) are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Fiscal Division [974]

The Financial Division was renamed the Fiscal Division in December 1944 in conformance with a directive by the Secretary of the Navy establishing the Office of the Fiscal Director of the Navy. The Division prepared annual and supplemental budget estimates for the Bureau, administered funds under the appropriation "Aviation, Navy," and checked and recorded all contracts, requisitions, and other obligations. The New Aircraft Funds Section prepared aircraft budget estimates and issued directives for the release of aircraft-procurement contracts. The Defense Aids Branch handled the Bureau of Aeronautics' lend-lease activities except matters involving security, which were under the control of the Military Requirements Division.

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Records.--Most of the wartime records of the Division are in the central files of the Bureau. Correspondence and documents relating to the Division's procurement of, shipment of, and accounting for lend-lease material (68 feet) are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Military Requirements Division [975]

This Division was responsible for interpreting service requirements, maintaining liaison with the Marine Corps and the Coast Guard, and making recommendations, through "Military Requirements Policy Memoranda," concerning military characteristics or deficiencies of current and projected models of naval aircraft. The Director of the Division, who was the security-control officer of the Bureau, was responsible for final decisions on the security of military information. The Division approved or disapproved requested priorities for experimental projects and, in conjunction with the Engineering and the Maintenance Divisions, authorized representatives working on "mock-up boards" to make final decisions on the design of airplane models. The Medical Officer detailed to the Division from the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery was responsible for liaison with that Bureau and for duties pertaining to oxygen equipment, flight messing, and the establishment of physiological research projects connected with aviation.

Records.--Wartime correspondence and other records of the Division are in the central files of the Bureau.

Engineering Division [976]

This Division supervised the design and development of aircraft and aircraft power plants, initiated and approved engineering changes in aircraft accessories and equipment, and determined remedial measures for material failures. It arranged for the use by other Government agencies of private contractors' facilities for solving problems in aircraft design, and it conducted experiments through field installations on helicopters, jet-propelled planes, and other new aircraft. The Division initiated "mock-up boards" for the evaluation of special ground equipment and experimental aircraft. Subject to approval of the Military Requirements Division, it controlled workload and priorities at air stations and establishments engaged in experimental testing and development work.

The Deputy Director for Experiments and Development placed contracts and worked with special problems relating to aircraft design, power plants, equipment, and new materials. Under the supervision of the Senior Deputy Director there were several technical and facilitating branches. The Aerodynamics and Hydrodynamics Branch was responsible for experimentation in the stability, control, and performance of aircraft under different weather conditions. The Armament Branch cooperated with the Bureau of Ordnance and the Army Air Forces in testing and evaluating aircraft armament. The Equipment and Materials Branch developed new and improved aircraft materials and equipment. The Instruments Branch supervised standardization of Army and Navy specifications for new aircraft instruments. The Power Plant Design Branch was responsible for the design and experimental production

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of aircraft engines such as air-cooled and Diesel engines. The Radio and Electrical Branch supervised the development and installation of radio and radar and of radio-control apparatus, and it equipped aircraft-radio-overhaul ships at Naval Air Stations. The Ships Installations Branch was responsible for improving and developing equipment and accessories to be used on naval vessels for launching, arresting, and operating aircraft. The Structures Branch studied structural load-capacity of materials and cooperated in such investigations and reports with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and the National Bureau of Standards. The Aircraft Design Branch supervised and coordinated design details for all types of aircraft.

The Senior Deputy Director also supervised the Lighter-Than-Air Design Branch, other design branches, and the Technical Data Branch. This Branch included the Technical Information Section, the Airplane Specifications Section, the Specifications Distribution Section, and the Patents Section. The Technical information Section was responsible for publications activities and for receiving, indexing, and circulating technical reports on United States matériel. It maintained a technical library and cooperated with the Air Intelligence Section of the Aviation Planning Division, Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air). The Airplane Specifications Section prepared and distributed specifications for aircraft, but specifications for aircraft material and equipment were prepared and distributed by the Specifications Distribution Section. The Patents Section advised the Bureau on contractual patent matters and patent applications of service personnel and worked closely with the Office of the Judge Advocate General and the Department of Justice in the conduct of defense-of-patent suits. On November 11, 1944, a branch office of the Office of Patents and Inventions, Office of the Secretary of the Navy, was established in the Bureau; and to it were transferred personnel of the Patents Section.

Records.--Wartime correspondence and other records of the Engineering Division are in the central files of the Bureau. Separately maintained series of technical reports, specifications, and blueprints are in the successor Research and Development Group and Design and Engineering Group. Records of the Division in the National Archives, 1939-42 (100 feet), include structural-test or stress-analysis reports, arranged by class of plane and thereunder by model number; contractors' descriptive specifications for aircraft equipment and test reports for aircraft and aircraft equipment; records of the Lighter-Than-Air Design Branch, among which are reports of the Bureau of Standards on test trials and acceptance reports; blueprints; and photographs of Navy planes, submitted by contractors for the use of mock-up boards. Records in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. (100 feet), include engineering reports, records of the Aircraft Design Branch and the Power Plant Design Branch, and microcopies (2 feet) of aircraft engine specifications. In the present Technical Data Division are series of blueprints and specifications files (4,600 feet) and technical reports, which contain research data. Noncurrent blueprints are in the Naval Records Management Center at Mechanicsburg, Pa.

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Procurement Division [977]

This Division was responsible for the negotiation, preparation, and placement of contracts for naval aircraft, instruments, parts, and experimental items and for the preparation of contract amendments and change orders. Its Plant Facilities Branch negotiated contracts for emergency plant-expansion projects and coordinated its work with the Material and Resources Branch of the Production Division. The Contract Section prepared supply contracts and processed field requisitions.

Records.--Wartime correspondence and other records of the Procurement Division are in the central files of the Bureau. They include contracts and orders, letters of intent, contracts and supporting papers concerning packing and shelving, and correspondence and related papers concerning contracts, partial payment notices, and termination inventories and notices. Separately maintained records of the Division in the present Contracts Division are a series of contract-termination case files; records of contracts, orders, and letters of intent issued by the Bureau; "histories" of various contractors, containing information on their financial status, facilities, personnel, and pay rolls; and records relating to the history of aircraft procurement and production.

Production Division [978]

This Division coordinated interrelated functions of other divisions concerning the production of airplanes, engines, propellers, and Government-furnished equipment, and it was responsible for obtaining delivery in accordance with the requirements of the Operating Force Plan. It maintained schedules for aircraft production after programs had been established by the Plans Division, and it was responsible for subcontracting, administering the priority system for material and machine-tool allocation, and the initial procurement of Government-furnished equipment for aircraft. It passed on all naval aircraft inspection policies, supervised Bureau field representatives, and had cognizance of plant protection, manpower problems, and labor relations. The Procurement-Production Review Section of the Division prepared and maintained for Congress and executive agencies a continuing definitive chronological record of the Navy's aeronautical procurement and production program.

In February 1944 the Division was reorganized in two main groups--the Manufacturing Operations Branch, which dealt specifically with manufacturing problems, and the Material and Resources Branch, which dealt with problems of a nonmechanical nature. The Security Section of the latter branch cooperated with the Bureau of Yards and Docks in the approval or disapproval of security recommendations for Bureau of Aeronautics plants, arranged for precontract inspection and investigation of contractors being considered for confidential work, and coordinated reports on subversive activities and sabotage from the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Bureau of Aeronautics, and the field offices.

The Deputy Director of Inspection and Field Administration supervised the technical inspection of manufacturing and inspection personnel

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assigned to the Field Inspection system. A Field Inspection Organization unit supervised Bureau of Aeronautics general representatives (regional officials), who inspected aircraft and aircraft accessories, equipment, devices, material, and certain production projects and who coordinated the activities of all Bureau of Aeronautics field offices and subordinate officials. Field offices disseminated information on priorities and material allocations and supervised the utilization, redistribution, and disposition of materials, machine tools, capital equipment, and components.

Records.--The Division's wartime correspondence is in the central files of the Bureau. A small quantity of its records (15 feet), including aircraft status reports, aeronautical monthly progress reports, and printed material such as manuals of instruction for manufacturers, is in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Records of field inspectors' offices were not centralized in the Bureau but were transferred from the field establishments to the nearest naval records management center as they became noncurrent. Records of the Materials and Resources Branch, consisting of correspondence and record copies of printed materials, 1942-45 (3 feet), are in the National Archives.

Maintenance Division [979]

This Division kept naval aircraft and aeronautical equipment in a state of material readiness; repaired, overhauled, and salvaged aircraft and related equipment; collaborated with the Bureau of Yards and Docks in preparing designs and specifications for new construction at bases from which naval and Marine Corps planes operated; and had cognizance of aerological material. After August 1943 the Director of Maintenance administered the Aviation Office at the United States Naval Observatory. For a few months in 1944 the Division was responsible for inventory control and the disposition of surplus property, until those activities were transferred to the Aviation Supply Division.

Under the Maintenance Division there were several branches. The Programs Branch established programs to relate the maintenance requirements of the Division to those of the Aviation Supply Office and of the field and to assist the Director in general policies and coordinating actions of the Division. The Aircraft Maintenance Branch determined requirements for and controlled distribution of spare parts for naval aircraft. It planned, designed, and determined aeronautical equipment for ships and buildings and controlled aircraft-overhaul and ground and flight equipment. The Field Service Branch, established in June 1944, received reports from air stations and routed them for action to the proper division or branch. The Shore Establishments Branch planned and developed the necessary shore facilities for aeronautical activities of the Navy within and outside the continental United States. With the Bureau of Yards and Docks it was responsible for the construction of new aviation shore establishments, for technical material specifications for public works and utilities, and for budgetary estimates of costs for such programs. After the establishment of the Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) and the transfer of some of the

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duties of the Bureau of Aeronautics to that Office, the Office gave the Bureau the information needed to plan the necessary physical facilities at each establishment for the proper housing, maintenance, and operation of aeronautical units.

Records.--The wartime correspondence of the Maintenance Division is in the central files of the Bureau. It concerns aerological equipment; the maintenance of engines and aircraft; allowance lists; requirements, outfitting, and allowance of material to naval activities, ships, and aircraft squadrons; and the maintenance, storage, preservation, installation, and assignment of aircraft engines, accessories, and ground handling equipment. Also included in these records are industrial survey reports; the Radford Board report concerning the integration of aeronautical supply, maintenance, and material programs; and policy memoranda on military requirements. Among the records kept in the Division are the report of the informal working committee on a review of aviation-logistic planning and administration during the war; minutes of conferences on aviation supply and assembly; and site-investigation surveys for air stations, including reports of the Interdepartmental Air Traffic Control Board. Records of the Division in the National Archives include reports, photographs, blueprints, and cost estimates relating to the development of naval air bases in the United States and its possessions, 1939-- 40; and reports of the Mason Board covering surveys of real properties at proposed sites for air stations and landing fields, 1940 (2 feet).

Special Devices Division [980]

This Division, which originated in April 1941 as a special desk in the Engineering Division, became a part of the Training Section of the Personnel Division on June 13, 1941; and in November 1941, when the Training Section was made the Training Division, it became a part of that Division. On August 24, 1943, it was established as a separate Division in the Bureau of Aeronautics, and it kept that status until May 19, 1945, when it was transferred to the Office of Research and Inventions in the Executive Office of the Secretary of the Navy.

This Division developed apparatus for training aviators and aeronautical personnel by simulating flight conditions in instruction, and it performed many functions similar to those of the Procurement, Production, and Maintenance Divisions. To facilitate its operations, the Special Devices Depot was established in New York City for the storage and distribution of special items.

The Division's Administration Branch handled its "housekeeping" activities. The Engineering Branch was responsible for investigating, testing, and developing certain devices to the evaluation or production stage. It cooperated with the Civil Aeronautics Administration, the Naval Research Laboratory, the Photographic Science Laboratory, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the Training Aids Division of the Army Air Forces, and educational institutions. The Production Branch negotiated contracts, requisitioned materials, handled priorities, and scheduled the production and inspection activities of the Division. A special unit produced

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films illustrating special or synthetic training devices. The Service Branch maintained liaison with the Engineering Division of the Bureau and with the training commands, and it distributed special devices to training and fleet units. It maintained a field staff to aid in the installation and use of the devices it developed.

Records.--Correspondence of the Special Devices Division is in the central files of the Bureau and in the records of the Office of Research and Inventions of the Executive Office of the Secretary.

Aviation Supply Division [981]

This Division, established in the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts on June 28, 1942, was transferred to the Bureau of Aeronautics on November 17, 1944, to coordinate the requisitioning activities of the Bureau in Washington with its Aviation Supply Office in Philadelphia and the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts and to maintain liaison with the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air), the Naval Air Material Center, and the Office of Procurement and Material. The Director of the Division was the Bureau's inventory control officer and surplus material officer and was therefore responsible for the disposal of surplus aeronautical materials and equipment except those handled by the Contract Termination Division. The Division included the Requirements Section, which determined policy for the handling of supply problems; the Inventory Control Section, which maintained coordinated inventory control of the Bureau's materials; the Aeronautical Surplus Material Section, which was responsible for policies relative to surplus materials; the Shipments Section; the Accounting Section; and the Helium Section, which procured and distributed helium for the entire naval service.

Records.--Most of the wartime correspondence and other records of the Division are in the central files of the Bureau. Among the records of the Division in the present Supply Division are case files on the disposition of aircraft.

Contract Termination Division [982]

This Division was established in February 1944 to carry out policies and directives issued by the Office of Contract Settlement, the Surplus Property Board, and the Navy's Office of Procurement and Material. It terminated contracts let by the Bureau, settled claims arising out of contracts, and supervised the distribution within the Bureau of Government-owned surplus property located at plants of the Bureau's contractors. Interim financing for contractors whose contracts were terminated remained, however, a responsibility of the Contract Financing Section of the Procurement Division. The Contract Termination Division prepared final agreements, statements, and certificates required of contractors, drafted instructions necessary to conclude termination proceedings, and submitted reports on its activities to the Office of Procurement and Material.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Division, with related papers, is in the central files of the Bureau. A series of its contract-termination

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case files is in the Contract Termination Branch of the present Contracts Division, and as the cases are closed they are transferred from that Division to the contract-termination series in the central files.

Photographic Division [983]

This Division coordinated the procedures of photographic laboratories at ships and stations and of photographic units of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. It controlled aerial photographic reconnaissance, the procurement and supply of photographic materials and equipment for all naval photographic units, and the technical operation of the Naval Photographic Science Laboratory, discussed below. It made recommendations concerning the training and assignments of personnel ordered to photographic duties and the designation of officers as photographic officers. When the war made necessary the speedy training of personnel, the Photographic Division expanded its activities to produce, distribute, and catalog all United States naval training films. Specialized service units under its administrative command were the Naval Schools of Photography at Naval Air Stations in Pensacola, Fla., and Washington, D. C; the United States Naval Photographic Services Depot in Hollywood, Calif.; the United States Training Film Distribution Units in New York City and Arlington, Va.; and the Aviation Photographic Experimental Laboratory and the Photographic Repair, Salvage, and Conservation Unit at the Naval Air Material Center in Philadelphia.

The Division's Training Film Branch was responsible for the production, cataloging and evaluation, project supervision, and distribution of training films. Other sections within the Division were concerned with duties pertaining to naval personnel, commodities, development, the procurement and distribution of films, photolithography, and liaison with the Naval Photographic Science Laboratory. The Division was responsible for the functional policy of the Laboratory, including the review of work requests and the assignment of priorities.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the central files of the Bureau include correspondence relating to personnel procurement, space, manuals, administrative history, the distribution of film and photographs, and the preparation of training film; photographic allowance lists; contracts for photographic supplies; and specifications and drawings for photographic equipment and supplies. In the Division's custody are records concerning the history, organization, and policies of the Film Training Branch; directives dealing with naval policy regarding photographic activities; current and historical photographs and color transparencies; and a master file of all training films.

Naval Photographic Science Laboratory [984]

This Laboratory, established at the Naval Air Station, Washington, D.C. on February 24, 1943, was under the administrative command of the Station's commanding officer, but it was under the technical command of the Chief of the Bureau during the war. It was responsible

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for providing services and facilities for printing and developing films in quantity and for training motion picture cameramen. It was the Navy's major production unit for training films and undertook production work for any military or governmental activity when such projects were approved by the Bureau of Aeronautics. It maintained record copies of motion pictures made at the Laboratory and of still pictures sent in from naval air stations.

Records.--Motion pictures (80,000,000 running feet) at the Laboratory storage unit include negatives and prints of training films, film bulletins, and propaganda and historical films of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. Also at the Laboratory are correspondence and related papers concerning its administration and its functions.

Field Activities [985]

The naval aeronautical shore establishment consisted of all naval, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps air bases; naval and Marine Corps air stations, facilities, and training bases; naval aviation supply depots and offices, and the Naval Air Material Center at Philadelphia, which included the Naval Aircraft Factory, separately discussed below. Under the technical supervision of the Bureau of Aeronautics, some 350 of these aeronautical shore establishments developed, manufactured, and tested naval aircraft; inspected aircraft materials and planes; and trained flight and ground personnel. Although the Commandant of the Naval District in which an establishment was located had authority and control over all naval establishments within the District, correspondence about the technical work of the air establishments was carried on with the appropriate divisions of the Bureau of Aeronautics in Washington. The officer in charge of the establishment kept the Commandant of the District informed regarding the nature and scope of the establishment's technical work.

A few of the more important of these field activities are separately described below.

Records.--Of the records of air stations, facilities, and bases, the station logs and card records for trainees are kept at the establishment while it remains in commission. Records transferred to the nearest naval records management center include blueprints and drawings of aircraft; photographs; test orders, test data, and reports of tests relating to experimental work; and daily flight logs. Supply depots and offices also transferred some of their wartime records to the nearest naval records management center. Records of overseas bases and facilities in the Atlantic and Mediterranean Areas are for the most part in the Naval Records Management Center at New Orleans; those from the Pacific Area are in the Center at San Bruno, Calif. Records in the National Archives include the general correspondence of the commanding officers of the Naval Air Station, Norfolk, Va., 1939-41, and the Naval Reserve Aviation Base, Squantum, Mass., 1939-42; and administrative records of the Naval Air Facilities at La Fe, Cuba, 1943-44 (9 feet) and Grand Cayman Island, British West Indies, 1944 (3 feet).

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Naval Aviation Supply Depot [986]

This Depot was established at Philadelphia on December 7, 1942, as one of the five primary activities for the storage and distribution of aeronautical material. It was concerned with estimates of requirements, stock control, and the purchase of most aircraft equipment. It did not, however, purchase engines, propellers, or complete aircraft nor did it make the initial orders for spare parts. At first attached to the Naval Aircraft Factory (see below), it was separated from that activity on February 17, 1943.

Records.--Wartime general correspondence relating to the Depot's operation and administration is in its custody.

Aviation Supply Office [987]

This Office was established in Philadelphia in 1941 by the Bureau of Aeronautics and the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts to concentrate the procurement, storage, and distribution of materials for aircraft maintenance. It became a part of the Aviation Supply Depot upon the establishment of that Depot in 1942.

Records.--The wartime records of this Office, which are in its custody, include war diaries for each group of offices and divisions of the Office, contract files relating to the sale of nonsurplus Navy-owned property to war contractors, and correspondence relating to contracts, excess materials, lend lease, the expediting of shipments, and other supply activities of the Office.

Naval Air Material Center [988]

This Center, an outgrowth of the much older Naval Aircraft Factory, was constituted by order of the Secretary of the Navy, effective July 20, 1943. Four existing facilities and activities were established as separate commands and grouped together to form the Center, with headquarters at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. These were the Naval Aircraft Factory, the Naval Aircraft Modification Unit, the Naval Air Experiment Station, and the Naval Auxiliary Air Station, a testing unit, all in Philadelphia. A line officer of the Navy, appointed to command the Center, reported to the Commandant of the Fourth Naval District. The material functions of the Center were under the cognizance of the Bureau of Aeronautics during the war.

Records.--The wartime records of the commands composing this Center are in their custody.

Naval Aircraft Factory [989]

This Factory, authorized by the Secretary of the Navy in 1917 to be built at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, was put under the cognizance of the Bureau of Aeronautics when that Bureau was organized in 1920. In 1924 the aeronautical engine laboratory was transferred to the Factory from Washington, and Mustin Field (the Naval Auxiliary Air Station) was opened as an adjunct. From that time until July 1943 the Factory's primary

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activity was experimental and development work to improve naval aircraft and aviation materials. In July 1943 it became a part of the newly created Air Material Center. Its modification, experimental, and testing units were made coordinate with the Factory at that time, and the Factory continued its basic manufacturing facilities and activities.

Records.--Wartime records in the custody of the Factory include correspondence relating to experimental work for the improvement of aircraft and aviation materials; and test reports, specifications, and blueprints relating to planes and equipment. Records of the Factory in the National Archives include photographic negatives and prints of equipment, building construction, manufacturing processes, airplanes, and personnel, 1939-41.

BUREAU OF SHIPS [990]

The Bureau of Ships, also known as BuShips, was established by an act of June 20, 1940 (54 Stat. 492), as a consolidation of the Bureau of Construction and Repair and the Bureau of Engineering, which dated respectively from 1842 and 1862. The successive Chiefs of the Bureau during World War II were Rear Admirals Samuel Robinson, Alexander H. Van Keuren, C. A. Jones, and Edward L. Cochrane.

During the war, as in peacetime, the Bureau was responsible for the general design, structural strength, stability, and seaworthiness of the ships and floating craft of the Navy, for basic research and development in these qualities, and for the production and maintenance of ships and their equipment. The Bureau also had cognizance of electric generating sets, storage batteries, equipment for interior communication, and other electrical apparatus on board ship except fire-control instruments. It was responsible for the design, manufacture, installation, and maintenance of radio, radar, and sonar equipment, including equipment for ordnance and airborne applications. It prepared specifications and prescribed tests for material, equipment, and machinery, had administrative supervision of the drydocking of all vessels and Naval District craft, and was responsible for providing facilities for the salvaging of vessels and for maintaining the quality of petroleum products for the fleet. It was responsible for the maintenance and operation of many field activities that conducted research tests and investigations to obtain suitable apparatus and material for naval purposes.

In July 1940 Congress authorized a "two-ocean Navy." The tremendous expansion from 1943 to 1945 in the number and tonnage of vessels in commission made maintenance the Bureau's major problem toward the end of the war. This expansion in the shipbuilding and maintenance program resulted in continual changes in the organization and administration of the Bureau from June 1940 to September 1945. The Office of the Chief of the Bureau and the divisions that made up its central organization are described below according to their designations and functions of the later war period.

Records.--During the war the general records of the several divisions of the Bureau of Ships were currently sent to the central files of the Bureau (maintained by its Administration Division), where they were interfiled

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and arranged according to the Navy Filing Manual. Other records, however, were separately maintained by the divisions. The central files, 1939-45 (6,000 feet), except for the secret portion, are in the National Archives. They include correspondence relating to ships of the United States Navy and to the design and procurement of radio, radar, and underwater sound equipment on United States naval vessels. The secret portion of the central files, 1939-45 (200 feet), is in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Also at this Center are portions of the facilities and shipbuilding contract series; engineering logs, performance records, and bell books of United States naval vessels (550 feet); radio contracts, 1939-43 (105 feet); correspondence pertaining to scheduling and priorities (23 feet); and logs of shipboard tests of landing ships for tanks.

See Bureau of Ships, Organization Manual (1942. 2 vols.), revised to include the changes in the administrative organization of the Bureau through 1946; and E. L. Cochrane, "Shipbuilding," in Public Administration Review, 5: 329-335 (Autumn 1945). [See also "Bureau of Ships" in Administration of the Navy Department in World War II, and An Administrative History of the Bureau of Ships During World War II --HyperWar.]

Headquarters Offices

Office of the Chief [991]

The Chief of the Bureau of Ships had general charge of the work of the Bureau. He was also Coordinator of Shipbuilding for the Naval Establishment, with authority to issue orders incident to the performance of that duty. The Chief was aided by the usual assistants and by staff groups that served as Councils or Boards. The Planning Council, a staff group composed of the Assistant Chief of the Bureau and the division directors, advised and consulted with the Chief on major policy and important projects. The Office of Counsel, established on June 18, 1943, for the central management of the legal aspects of procurement, rendered legal services in that field. The Office of Patent Counsel was a branch of the Office of Research and Inventions assigned to the Bureau to give it advice regarding patents. The Field Supervision, another staff authority, acted for the Bureau on matters relating to supervisors of shipbuilding and inspectors of machinery and maintained liaison with the Inspection Administration of the Navy Department's Office of Procurement and Material. The Contract Settlement Review Board constituted the review authority of the Bureau on contract terminations.

Records.--The Office kept no separate files during the war. The Chief's wartime correspondence and other records are in the central files of the Bureau. In the Office of Counsel are legal records relating to Bureau of Ships contracts and duplicate copies of those contracts, 1940-45 (580 feet), on which legal action is pending.

Administrative Division [992]

This Division administered the officer and enlisted personnel of the Bureau, in cooperation with the Bureau of Naval Personnel, and had charge of all matters concerning civilian personnel of the Bureau. It

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was responsible for records administration, printing and binding, and public relations. It carried out the policies of the Navy Department's Administrative Officer to insure the security and control of buildings occupied by the Bureau, supervised the duties of the Special Assistants, maintained liaison on field inspections with the Office of Procurement and Material, and directed the training activities of the Bureau, in liaison with the Bureau of Naval Personnel.

Records.--Some wartime records of the Division are in the central files of the Bureau.

Finance Division [993]

This Division, established on February 9, 1942, prepared budget estimates for the Bureau of Ships and administered its available funds. The Division allocated such funds for authorized expenditures; kept current statistics on the allocation, obligation, and expenditure of funds; and formulated accounting policies and instructions to be applied to obligations and expenditures.

Records.--The wartime correspondence of the Division is in the central files of the Bureau. Other wartime records of the Division, in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., include public vouchers covering payments under the appropriation "Maintenance Bureau of Ships" (16 feet); summary records of field contracts involving amounts over $500 (8 feet); and monthly reports of expenditures ashore (13 feet).

Shipbuilding Division [994]

This Division, administered by the Director of Shipbuilding, was responsible for the construction and acquisition of ships and the procurement of necessary materials and equipment. Its responsibility for naval shipbuilding extended from the inception of the design through construction or conversion until the completed vessel reported to the fleet. The Division was directly accountable to the Chief of the Bureau for meeting the requirements of the General Board, the Vice Chief of Naval Operations, and the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, with regard to the design and construction of naval vessels, projects for improvements, and major conversion projects. It was responsible for the basic and detailed program, production planning, and scheduling of vessels and their component parts, except electronics equipment. It established material standards, conducted research and testing, and developed substitute materials for use in its construction work. It was responsible for the stability and seaworthiness of naval vessels under construction and in service, and it prepared vessel allowance lists, schedules, statistics, and material progress reports.

The Planning Council of the Division, composed of the special assistants to the Director and the heads of the Design, Contract, and Construction Branches, advised the Director on general shipbuilding plans and policies. The Design Branch prepared the preliminary design, contract plans, and specifications for projected naval vessels and supervised research and tests.

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The Contract Branch was responsible for the development of the necessary shipbuilding facilities, the development and maintenance of schedules and statistics relating to shipbuilding and conversion programs, and the preparation of letters of intent and contracts for the construction of vessels. The Construction Branch was responsible for the actual work of ship construction and conversion.

On October 7, 1947, the Shipbuilding Division was consolidated with the Ship Maintenance Division to form the Ships Division.

Records.--Some wartime records of the Division are in the central files of the Bureau. The ships plans files, kept in the Ships Plans and Microfilm Section of the Ship-Technical Branch, are among the most important records in the Division. In this Section also are the records of all ship plates, hull and docking reports, and records of the availability of vessels. Approximately 2.5 million machinery plans and 1 million hull plans, 1910-47, are in the Bureau of Ships or in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. About 2 feet of ship plans representing each class of naval vessels decommissioned in 1939-45, together with an index of decommissioned naval vessels and 50 rolls of microfilm copies of ship plans for the war period, are in the National Archives. Other records of the Division, in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, are the "inclining experiment data booklets" for United States naval vessels (50 feet); submarine storage-battery record books, 1940-45 (195 feet); records concerning gyrocompass production, research, and maintenance, 1943-45 (35 feet); correspondence and reports on mine sweeping and acoustic, magnetic, and moored mines (15 feet); case files concerning the allotment of materials, component programs, and related records, 1942-45 (280 feet); and correspondence, directives, reports, and statistical records relating to shipbuilding, 1938-45 (60 feet).

Records of the Division in the National Archives include specification-development files, 1939-44, containing specifications to be followed in contracts (55 feet); general information books, 1939-45, containing descriptive data on engines, armament, hull auxiliaries, and other installations aboard naval vessels (2 feet); photographic prints and negatives showing ship construction in progress, launchings, and views of completed vessels, 1939-44 (1 foot); photographs of British ships, 1941-45, received by the Bureau from British sources; and tests and inspection reports on fuel and lubricating oils, 1939-41 (1 foot).

Ship Maintenance Division [995]

This Division was responsible for the maintenance, equipment, and salvage of naval vessels. As soon as a completed ship was turned over to the fleet by the Shipbuilding Division it was transferred to the cognizance of the Maintenance Division, where it remained, even if decommissioned, until it was stricken from the roster of United States naval vessels. During the war the Maintenance Division was responsible for the operation and maintenance, including upkeep, overhaul, alterations, modernization, and repair, of completed vessels of the United States and, on occasion, of

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vessels of its Allies; for the Bureau of Ships' part in the arming of merchant vessels; for ships' allowances, ships' surveys, and stocks of special materials; and for the issue of equipment, including certain special hull and machinery materials.

The Ship Maintenance Branch took cognizance of new ships upon completion of final trials and was responsible for the maintenance and alteration of ships and Naval District craft. The Planning Unit was responsible for the war plans of the Bureau. The Ship Salvage Branch handled matters pertaining to ship salvage and diving equipment that were under the cognizance of the Bureau, maintained records of salvage cases, and issued instructions on salvage methods and procedures. The Equipment Branch was responsible for ships' allowances, requisitions afloat, ships' stock records of special materials, and certain special hull and machinery material. The Base Maintenance Branch was responsible for maintaining the shore-based facilities needed for the proper maintenance of naval vessels and forces afloat. The Division had joint control with the Shipbuilding Division over the Materials Branch and the Ship-Technical Branch.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Division is in the central files of the Bureau. Docking and hull reports (85 feet), correspondence, inventories, and other records of the Ship Salvage Branch (12 feet), and the records of hulls and engines for landing craft (20 feet) are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Among the Division's records in the National Archives are machinery and hull allowance lists, 1935-45, for all vessels larger than destroyers and samples of those for destroyers and smaller ships stricken from the list of naval vessels after 1944 (50 feet); and records pertaining to the Controlled Materials Plan, 1943-46, containing basic original data on the Bureau's requirements of copper, steel, and aluminum and on the procurement of raw materials for lend lease (6 feet).

Electronics Division [996]

This Division, successor to the Radio Division, was responsible for the development, procurement, production, and distribution of radio, radar, sonar, and related equipment for the Navy, the Marine Corps, and the Coast Guard. The Division was administered by the Director of Electronics, among whose assistants were the Assistant Director for Aviation, the Assistant Director for the United States Marine Corps, and the Senior United States Army Liaison Officer. The Division had cognizance over the installation and maintenance of radio, radar, underwater-sound, and related equipment for naval vessels and shore activities, except fire-control radar equipment, which was under the Bureau of Ordnance, and airborne equipment, which was under the Bureau of Aeronautics. These bureaus, however, delegated to the Electronics Division of the Bureau of Ships responsibility for design, development, and installation of the parts of this equipment that related strictly to radio.

Records.--The following wartime records of the Division are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.: Component data forms for

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radio and sonar equipment for naval vessels, 1944 (20 feet); material inspection reports, 1945 (15 feet); logbooks of advance bases and correspondence on radio, radar, and sonar supplies at such bases, 1942-45 (10 feet); contract terminations (10 feet); correspondence, bids, descriptive specifications, and test data related to radio transmitter equipment, 1939-46 (15 feet); contractors' correspondence on the distribution of material to them, 1940-44 (50 feet); and documents relating to the procurement of vacuum tubes and reports on their failure, 1939-43 (25 feet).

Records of the Division in the National Archives include the general records of the former Radio Division, exclusive of correspondence concerning particular ships or classes of ships, 1943 (20 feet); correspondence on the design and procurement of radio, radar, and sonar equipment and its installation on naval vessels and in direction-finder stations, 1940-44 (140 feet); correspondence, reports, blueprints, and photographs relating to research on radio and other communication apparatus, 1939-42 (9 feet); printed contract specifications for different types of radio equipment, 1937-41 (10 feet); electrical installation books, 1939-45, containing information on generators, switchboards, power, lighting, interior communication systems, and other electrical equipment aboard naval vessels except submarines (50 feet); and reports on radio tests and radio research and design and reports of hearings before the Federal Communications Commission, 1920-42.

Contract Division [997]

This Division, established on July 15, 1944, assumed the functions of the predecessor Contract Section of the Shipbuilding Division. It was responsible for and had supervision over the negotiation, preparation, administration, and termination of contracts for ships, main propelling machinery, auxiliary equipment (including radio, radar and sonar equipment), and other material under the cognizance of the Bureau of Ships. It processed requisitions for material purchased for the Bureau by the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, and it administered the lend-lease activities of the Bureau except foreign ship repairs, which were assigned to the Maintenance Division. The Director of Contracts had general charge of the activities of the Division. Among his assistants were the Senior Administrative Assistant, who was responsible for the Division's cooperation with industry, and the Liaison Officer, who handled matters affecting relations between the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts and the Bureau of Ships.

Records.--The closed wartime contracts of the Bureau (2,300 feet) are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Contracts for the war period that have not been settled are in the Division.

Shore Division [998]

The Shore Division was established on April 20, 1945, by the consolidation of the Facilities Branch and the Labor Relations and Manpower Section of the Shipbuilding Division and the Base Maintenance Branch of the Maintenance Division. It was responsible for the operation of the industrial production activities of the shore establishments under the

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cognizance of the Bureau of Ships. This responsibility included the equipping of navy yards, private shipyards, and manufacturing plants under the sponsorship of the Bureau of Ships, the operation of seized plants, and the maintenance or disposition of facilities no longer required for active production.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Division is in the central files of the Bureau. Other wartime records are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. They include the Bureau of Ships advance base initial outfitting lists (24 feet); correspondence and shipping orders for advance bases, continental bases, overseas bases, and navy yards (38 feet); Bureau of Ships schedules, 1939-43 (36 feet); and surveys of privately owned commercial shipbuilding facilities and general industrial facilities (125 feet).

Field Activities [999]

Many of the functions of the Bureau of Ships relating to the construction, maintenance, alteration, and repair of naval vessels were carried on at navy yards, private shipyards, private manufacturing plants, naval repair bases, equipment bases, drydock and repair facilities, ship-parts control and distribution centers, supply depots, and overseas boat-repair units. Other functions of the Bureau, concerned with research, development, and testing of ship design, communication devices, fuels, ship machinery, and other equipment, were performed at laboratories and testing plants. A "few of the 200-odd field activities of the Bureau are separately described below.

Records.--Many wartime records relating to the operations of the field activities are in the central files of the Bureau. Other records, located elsewhere, are described below.

Construction and Repair Activities [1000]

Among the most important navy yards during the war were those at Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Norfolk, Va., Charleston, S. C, Bremerton, Wash., and Pearl Harbor, T.H. Naval drydocks were operated at San Francisco and San Pedro, Calif.; repair bases were located at Algiers, La., San Diego, Calif., and San Juan, P.R. Ship production, repair, and maintenance at these activities were under the charge of the Supervisor of Shipbuilding attached to each activity. Inspectors of naval material and inspectors of machinery were also attached to such activities.

In addition to ships constructed at regular navy yards, vessels for the Navy were built under contract at many private shipyards. Attached to each private plant building ships for the Navy was a Navy representative as inspector of naval material and another as inspector of machinery.

Ship-parts control centers and naval supply depots, such as the center and depot at Mechanicsburg, Pa., made supplies and equipment available for the ships being built or repaired at navy yards and private shipyards and for shipment overseas to advance bases.

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Records.--In the central files of the Bureau are records relating to the wartime operations of repair and construction activities, including correspondence with the activities on the construction, maintenance, and repair of ships and on materials used in the outfitting of naval vessels; and correspondence on the negotiation, renegotiation, and termination of contracts for construction and repair. Records concerning the construction, commissioning, maintenance, repair, alteration, and decommissioning of individual ships are in the ship's jacket files of the Fleet Maintenance Division of the Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations.

Records of supervisors of shipbuilding, inspectors of naval material, and inspectors of machinery at disestablished shipbuilding and ship-repair facilities in the continental United States, including administrative correspondence and contract files, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Mechanicsburg, Pa. Wartime records kept at continuing shore establishments, such as navy yards, naval bases, operating bases, and supply depots, consist of correspondence and other records of the establishment, which contain material on its over-all operations and on its functions of ship construction and repair; yard or station logs or journals; case studies pertaining to management engineering projects; and records of tests on the stability and watertight integrity of ships.

Records of most of the overseas bases and stations, including records pertaining to the functions of the Bureau of Ships, are in the Naval Records Management Center at San Bruno, Calif., for the Pacific area, and in the Center at New Orleans, La., for the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Records of overseas boat-repair units, except the logs of individual units, have been destroyed; but the records of the higher-echelon commands of which the units were a part contain information about the location, establishment, and discontinuance of the units. Information on the technical aspects of the work of the boat-repair units is in the central files of the Bureau.

Noncurrent records of ship-parts control centers and naval supply depots are usually in the nearest naval records management center. Records of the Center and Depot at Mechanicsburg, Pa., for instance, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Mechanicsburg. They consist of general correspondence and blueprints and drawings.

Research and Testing Activities [1001]

Research, development, and testing for the Bureau of Ships were done at many laboratories and testing stations, some prewar and others established after 1939. Three of these are separately described below. Other laboratories and stations, which tested materials, metals, fuels, paints, radar and sonar equipment, and machinery, were the Naval Boiler and Turbine Laboratory and the Industrial Test Laboratory, Philadelphia; the Materials Testing Laboratory, New York City; the Navy Metals Laboratory, Munhall, Pa.; the Naval Chemical Laboratory, Houston, Tex.; the Rubber Testing Laboratory and the Paint Laboratory, Mare Island, Calif.; the Paint Laboratory, Portsmouth, Va.; the Naval Electrical Testing Laboratory, Summersworth, N. H.; the Navy Electronics Laboratory and

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the Navy Radio and Sound Laboratory, San Diego, Calif.; the Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory, New London, Conn.; the Navy Mines Counter-measure Station, Panama City, Fla.; and the Experimental Diving Unit at the Naval Gun Factory, Washington.

Records.--In the central files of the Bureau are wartime records relating to the research and testing activities under its cognizance, including correspondence and other records on the design and procurement of radio, radar, and underwater sound equipment, fuels, and ship-propulsion machinery. At the activities are recent correspondence; test reports; case files on patents developed as a result of the work of the activities; project folders containing complete records of research and experimental projects on radio, radar, and sonar equipment, underwater protection devices, fuel and lubricating oils, ship-propulsion and other machinery, and ship design; and each activity's logs and annual reports to the Chief of the Bureau of Ships. Some older records of this character have been transferred to the nearest naval records management center.

Engineering Experiment Station [1002]

This Station was established by an act of March 3, 1903 (32 Stat. 1194), when Congress appropriated funds for an experimental station and testing laboratory in the Department of Marine Engineering and Naval Construction under the Bureau of Steam Engineering. During the war the Station continued its testing and experimental work.

Records.--Wartime correspondence and reports concerning the Station are in the central files of the Bureau. Correspondence files, test reports, case files on patents, project folders, logs, and annual reports to the Chief of the Bureau are at the Station.

Naval Research Laboratory [1003]

This Laboratory, in Washington, was officially commissioned on July 1, 1923, as the Naval Experimental and Research Laboratory. It conducted applied research and development, with parallel basic and supporting research, to meet the specific technical needs of the Navy. With a staff of over 4,000 civilian and military personnel, the Laboratory and its field stations constituted the chief naval research activity during the war. In July 1941 it was transferred from the Office of the Secretary of the Navy to the Bureau of Ships, and in May 1945 it was retransferred to the Office of Research and Inventions, newly created in the Executive Office of the Secretary of the Navy.

Records.--Wartime correspondence and reports concerning the Laboratory are in the central files of the Bureau. Correspondence, test reports, case files on patents, project folders, logs, and annual reports to the Chief of the Bureau of Ships are at the Laboratory.

David W. Taylor Model Basin [1004]

This laboratory was authorized by an act of May 6, 1936 (49 Stat. 1263), which appropriated funds for land and buildings in which the Bureau of Construction and Repair should "conduct the work of

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investigating and determining the most suitable and desirable shapes and forms to be adopted for United States vessels, including aircraft." Located at Carderock, Md., the activity was formally dedicated on November 4, 1939. During the war it played an important part in research, development, and testing in its special field.

Records.--Wartime correspondence and reports concerning the activity are in the central files of the Bureau. The general correspondence of the Director, 1939-44, and patent case files, 1939-44, which include petitions to the United States Patent Office, licenses and agreements, correspondence with the Patent Division of the Office of Naval Research, and patent assignment forms, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Similar records for later years are at the Model Basin.

BUREAU OF NAVAL PERSONNEL [1005]

The immediate predecessor of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, also known as BuPers, was the Bureau of Navigation, which was established by an act of July 5, 1862. An Executive order of April 8, 1942, separated from the Bureau of Navigation the duties and functions of the Hydrographic Office and the Naval Observatory and transferred them, together with their personnel, records, and public property, to the jurisdiction of the Chief of Naval Operations under the direction of the Secretary of the Navy. In May 1942 the Bureau of Navigation was renamed the Bureau of Naval Personnel (56 Stat. 276). The successive wartime Chiefs of the Bureau of Navigation were Rear Admirals Chester W. Nimitz and Randall Jacobs; the latter continued after May 1942 as Chief of Naval Personnel.

For some time after May 1942 the Bureau was concerned solely with the procurement, training, distribution, discipline, and welfare of officers and enlisted personnel of the Navy and the Naval Reserve. In July 1944 it received from the Bureau of Yards and Docks the additional responsibility of recruiting and detailing Construction Battalions (Seabees). In the early years of the war the Bureau concentrated on procuring and training men for the Navy; in the last months of the war it concentrated on demobilizing these men and administering for the Navy the payment of allotments to dependents of missing personnel, allowances to families of servicemen, and final payments upon release from the service as authorized by acts of Congress.

During the war, as well as earlier and later, the Bureau had cognizance of the United States Naval Academy and Postgraduate School at Annapolis, Md., the Naval War College at Newport, R. I., and the United States Naval Home at Philadelphia. It supervised the training of regular officers, of reserve officers at the Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps units at universities and colleges, and of enlisted personnel at naval training stations and service schools. Programs for training volunteer reserves were expanded during the war by the establishment of the Accredited College Program (V-1), the Aviation Cadet Training Program (V-5), the Reserve Midshipmen

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Training Program (V-7), and the Navy College Training Program (V-12), conducted on a contract basis at colleges and universities throughout the country.

In the fall of 1942 the Bureau underwent a major organizational change whereby 6 directors of activities and divisions reporting to the Chief of Naval Personnel replaced the former 12 divisions of the Personnel Branch. Naval reservists were called to active duty in 1941 and the Naval Reserve Division was abolished in September 1942, with its functions dispersed to other divisions and activities. In May 1944 the Welfare Division and the Training Division were designated as activities, and their component units and sections became in turn sections and divisions of the two activities. The Bureau is described below according to its organizational pattern of early 1945.

Records.--The Bureau's wartime records amount to 130,000 feet, nearly half of which are muster rolls, ship's logs, and individual personnel records for officers and enlisted men of the Navy. The central files of the Bureau, maintained by the Office of Management Advisor and Administrative Officer, were arranged according to the Navy Filing Manual. In addition to records forwarded to central files, however, divisions and other organizational units maintained their own general correspondence, policy material, and procedural memoranda on their organization, administration, and planning. Some of these records are arranged not according to the Manual, but by subject, alphabetical, or chronological arrangements that best suit the character of the records.
[See "Bureau of Naval Personnel" in Administration of the Navy Department in World War II and the 9-volume administrative history --HyperWar.]

Some noncurrent records of the Bureau are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Records of the Bureau in the National Archives include the central files and ship's logs through 1945. War diaries of activities, divisions, and sections of the Bureau are in the records of the respective units. Bound copies of monthly reports of the Chief of Naval Personnel to the Secretary of the Navy are in the office of the Director of the Enlisted Personnel Division, and the annual reports of the Chief to the Secretary of the Navy, 1942 and 1943, are in the central files of the to the Secretary of the Navy, 1942 and 1943, are in the central files of the Bureau. An extensive history of the Bureau, "The Administrative History of the Bureau of Naval Personnel in World War II" ([1946]. 13 vols., typewritten, with appendix in 11 vols., printed and processed), is in the Division of Naval Records and History; the same work, in 15 volumes, is in the National Archives.

Office of the Chief [1006]

The Chief of Naval Personnel, under the direction of the Secretary of the Navy, established policies for the training, selection, welfare, and discipline of the personnel of the Navy. The Chief served as Chairman of the Joint Army and Navy Personnel Board and convened the Naval Reserve Policy Board annually. He was represented in each Naval District by the District's Assistant Chief of Staff (Personnel), who advised the District Commandant on functions within the cognizance of the Bureau.

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Attached to the Office of the Chief were the General Inspector, the Counsel, the Director of Women's Reserve, and the Special Assistant and Director of Public Information. The General Inspector made periodic inspections of the Bureau, its field agencies, and field activities, the personnel of which was under the cognizance of the Bureau. His reports and recommendations were submitted to the Chief of the Bureau, and copies of them were sent to the appropriate directors of the Bureau's activities for action. The Counsel advised on contracts for the procurement of educational facilities and represented the Bureau on the Joint Board for College Contract Negotiations, created in March 1943. The Director of Women's Reserve and the Special Assistant and Director for Public Information are discussed below.

Records.--The main wartime administrative records of the Office of the Chief are in the central files of the Bureau. Reports of the General Inspector, with related papers, are in the central files of the Bureau. Records of the Counsel, in his office, include directives and correspondence pertaining to the disposal of surplus property at schools; his records concerning school contracts are in the Fiscal Division of the Bureau.

Director of Women's Reserve [1007]

This Director, attached to the Office of the Chief as a special assistant, supplanted the former Women's Reserve Division and assumed its function of administering the Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), authorized as part of the Naval Reserve by an act of July 30, 1942 (56 Stat. 730), to release male officers and enlisted men for sea duty by serving at shore establishments within the United States. WAVE officers, called assistants for Women's Reserve, were appointed to the staffs of the directors of the several activities of the Bureau, and they performed liaison functions between the Director of Women's Reserve and the Bureau's activities.

Records.--Records of the Special Assistant and Director of Women's Reserve and of the Women's Reserve Division, 1942-46, in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., include general correspondence and related documents concerning the organization and administration of the Women's Reserve program and correspondence, memoranda, directives, and other papers regarding the WAVE training program at several schools. Records in the custody of the Bureau include a publicity file, 1942-45, consisting of copies of all press releases and radio scripts relating to the Women's Reserve, copies of speeches, statements, and articles issued by the Director's office, biographical sketches of WAVE directors and assistants, and photographic reference material; a file of WAVE Newsletters; and copies of Naval District and station WAVE publications and of District and station publications containing articles about the Women's Reserve. A record set of naval regulations concerning the Women's Reserve, issued from July 30, 1942, to November 1, 1945, and still effective at the latter date, is in the National Archives.

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Special Assistant and Director of Public Information [1008]

This official, attached to the Office of the Chief of the Bureau, directed the functions and organization of the Public Relations Division, formerly under the Director of Special Activities and consisting of the Ships' Names and Sponsors Unit, the Service Section, and the Documentary Photography Unit.

Records.--Official copies of wartime press releases, articles, news items, and addresses for delivery at public gatherings or over the radio, which originated in the Bureau of Naval Personnel, are among the records of the Office of Public Information in the Executive Office of the Secretary of the Navy. The general records of the former Public Information Division, 1942-44 (9 feet), containing policy letters, directives, and informational data relating to the naming of United States naval vessels and procedures and ceremonies for their launching, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. In the Services Branch of the Administrative and Management Division are card records of all named vessels, 1942-46, showing for each vessel the name of and information about its sponsor, the date and place of launching, and the contractor, and other data; and a "ship's name and sponsor's jacket" file, containing biographical sketches of namesakes, photographs, correspondence, and related papers concerning the naming and launching of naval vessels, 1942-46.

Office of Management Advisor and Administrative Officer [1009]

This Office put into effect the recommendations of a manage- ment engineering survey of the Bureau and supervised activities formerly in the Administrative Division. These included the recruiting, training, and placement of civilian personnel within the Bureau, "housekeeping" functions such as cafeteria service, supplies, space control, security against air raids or fire, the standardization of forms and office methods, and the distribution of publications. The Office maintained the Bureau's central files, and during most of the war it was responsible for records management in the Bureau.

Records.--The personnel-control records of the Office are in the central files of the Bureau. They consist of administrative correspondence and related material regarding personnel requirements and estimates, the allocation of personnel funds, complements and allowances, reports and plans for personnel billets, and plans for the distribution of personnel funds after allocation. General records relating to the administration of the Bureau, 1939-46, are in the Administrative and Management Division. They include correspondence, memoranda, organization plans and charts, descriptions of special missions and tasks, office managers' reports, data on activities in Naval Districts, statements on Bureau management policies and procedures, and informational directives; records of Bureau of Naval Personnel boards and committees, 1939-46, together with copies of precepts and board reports to the Office Methods Branch of the Executive Office of the Secretary of the Navy; a case history and functional file for all Bureau forms; and official personnel folders for civilian employees of the Bureau.

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Planning and Control Activity [1010]

This Activity, successor to the former Central Division of the Bureau, coordinated general policy of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, studied and developed personnel plans for the fleet and shore establishments, administered the Bureau's finances and allocations of material, prepared postwar plans for demobilization and civil readjustment of naval personnel, and served as the coordinator for the demobilization program. Bureau estimates and reports on matters concerning naval personnel were cleared with this Activity before issuance, as were requests for legal opinions from the Office of the Judge Advocate General and the Attorney General. The divisions of the Activity are separately discussed below.

Attached to the immediate office of the Director of the Activity was the Assistant for Legislation. This Assistant took over the duties of the former Legislative Division, which had drafted legislation, maintained a congressional information service, and reviewed the Bureau's correspondence with Congressmen. The Historical Officer in the Director's office prepared an administrative history of the entire Bureau, and the Management Assistant supervised such administrative matters as the distribution of work loads, the preparation and issuance of directives, and the review of administrative reports from the divisions composing the Activity.

Records.--In the Plans and Policy Control Division are wartime correspondence, reports, directives, and other records of the Director of the Planning and Control Activity concerning the Bureau's general policies and responsibilities for personnel needs and planning; the procurement, training, distribution, morale, and welfare of naval personnel; the coordination and follow-up of the Activity's progress; and the development of alternative plans for the postwar Navy, 1941-46. Also in the Plans and Policy Control Division is the congressional liaison "history" file, consisting of progress reports, directives, and organizational material.

Plans and Operations Division [1011]

This Division approved dispatches, circular letters, and changes in Navy Regulations; determined policies on housing, messing, training capacity, and construction required by activities under the Bureau's cognizance; maintained security control of top-secret material; and represented the Bureau on several boards and committees. Its chief function was to plan the manpower needs of the Navy in relation to the Operating Force Plan, and to this end it maintained liaison with the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) and with the Selective Service System. The Division's Program Section maintained liaison with bureaus and offices in the Navy Department to devise means of making manpower available for such Navy activities as ship repair, mine warfare, aviation, advance bases, and shore establishments and to plan for the distribution, training, and welfare of Negro personnel. Other sections of the Division were responsible for Civil Engineer Corps planning, personnel accounting, and statistical control, and for determining the complements and allowances for the Navy--that is, the

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number and types of men required to operate a ship or shore establishment, and the number of men that could be allowed from those available. Planning the size and composition of the peacetime Navy was the concern of a postwar planning section that was succeeded by a special assistant to the Chief of Naval Personnel in August 1945. The Division was responsible for records of the Committee for the Standardization of Terminology of Activities of the Navy.

Records.--In the Plans and Policy Control Division are the wartime general correspondence and other records of the Director of the Plans and Operations Division relating to naval personnel requirements and war plans, the Operating Force Plan, and the development of policies and methods for meeting personnel requirements; separately maintained records, including correspondence, directives, policy letters, special surveys, and reports, concerning Negro personnel in the naval service; correspondence and reports on over-all personnel planning and control for the Navy and for different categories of naval establishments and personnel, including material on such topics as methods of procurement of personnel, the rank and distribution of personnel, and universal military training; and logistic support plans pertaining to personnel for the mobilization of the Navy. Correspondence relating to personnel planning and the administration of personnel in the Navy's Civil Engineer Corps and cards showing the history of Construction Battalions (Seabees), including information on the itinerary, personnel complements, and officer personnel of the Battalions, are in the Plans and Policy Control Division. Personnel board and committee records in the same Division consist of reports, minutes, and correspondence of special boards and committees established to study personnel problems and plans, such as the Pye Board, which studied methods of educating officers, and the Hopwood Board, which studied the promotion and retirement of officers.

In the National Archives are histories of the organization, functions, and activities of the Bureau, 1940-45 (2 feet), and correspondence and other records, 1944-45 (2 feet), of the Navy Research Personnel Board (convened to facilitate the militarization of civilian personnel employed at naval laboratories), including loyalty reports made by the Federal Bureau of Investigation on candidates for commissions.

Finance and Material Division [1012]

This Division prepared the Bureau's budget and maintained liaison with other units in the Navy Department on fiscal matters through its Finance Section, which reviewed and approved the Bureau's contracts, handled appropriations, and prepared reports of the Bureau's financial position. The Material Requirements Section was responsible for planning to meet structural needs for activities under the Bureau's cognizance and maintaining liaison with the Navy Department's Office of Procurement and Material on contract-termination negotiations with schools and universities, the disposal of surplus property, and inventory control.

Records.--In the Fiscal Division are copies of annual wartime budgets; contract files for the Navy College Training and Naval Reserve Officers'

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Training Corps programs, including copies of contracts and correspondence with schools; card records (16 feet) of equipment at Bureau activities; a special pay-and-subsistence policy file with interpretations of precedent-setting cases; monthly reports to the Fiscal Director of the Navy; special studies and instructions on the administration of funds; annual reports from shore station development boards on the programming of facilities; and general correspondence on the planning and provision of real property facilities for activities under the Bureau's cognizance.

Demobilization Division [1013]

This Division included Demobilization Planning, Field Operations, and Civil Readjustment Sections, the last of which was established to implement provisions of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944. On April 27, 1945, the Secretary of the Navy designated the Division as the coordinating agency for the demobilization program in the Navy and for liaison with the War Department, the American National Red Cross, veterans' organizations, and similar agencies or groups. The Division developed point systems to determine the eligibility of personnel for discharge and planned the organization and operation of intake stations and redistribution centers and the Navy Department's retraining and reemployment of veterans. On September 29, 1945, the Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel was appointed and made responsible for all activities bearing on demobilization, and on the same date the Demobilization Division became an Activity apart from the Planning and Control Activity.

Records.--Records of the Division were transferred to the Demobilization Activity upon its creation. That Activity was later abolished and its records were turned over to a unit of the Plans and Policy Control Division. The administrative correspondence of the former Demobilization Division is in the Plans and Policy Control Division. Mustering-out-pay records and machine-record separation cards are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Officer Personnel Activity [1014]

This Activity classified officers by their qualifications and prepared orders for their detail. It compiled the annual Registers of Navy and Naval Reserve officers. The Activity was administered by its Director, assisted by the Management Assistant, in charge of administrative matters concerning organization and civilian personnel assignments within the Activity; the Civilian Administrative Assistant, concerned with matters relating to the distribution, detail, and assignment of naval officers; and the assistant for the Women's Reserve, concerned with matters relating to the commissioning, detail, promotion, and release of WAVE officers.

The functions of the Activity's divisions are discussed below.

Records.--In the central files of the Bureau are the wartime correspondence and other records of the Management Assistant pertaining to administrative affairs of the Activity, including data on the procurement and distribution

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of personnel, monthly "on-board reports" for the Activity, and office memoranda; and the correspondence of the Civilian Administrative Assistant relating to general policies and procedures for the distribution, detail, and assignment of officers. In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., are copies of superseded memoranda of the Activity.

Officer Procurement Division [1015]

This Division was responsible for the initial selection of officer candidates from civilian life or from the ranks of enlisted personnel. It reviewed and approved applications for commissions sent in from the field and passed upon enlisted candidates for commissions. It administered the Offices of Naval Officer Procurement, including the Aviation Cadet Selection Boards that were established in February 1942 by a directive from the Bureau to the commandants of continental Naval Districts, and it enrolled students in the College Training Program, called them to active duty, and commissioned them.

Records.--Among the wartime records of the Activity in the successor Officer Personnel Division are the general records of the Director of the Officer Procurement Division. These contain correspondence, reports, laws, regulations, Division directives, and other material concerning the procurement of officer personnel and include samples of officers' examinations, precedent cases, appointment data, and decisions on officer classifications; separately maintained records relating to the procurement program for male and WAVE officers, including work-production reports; a card index of policy directives and laws relating to the procurement of officers; records of the Holloway Board, including reports, plans, and laws relating to officer training; and memoranda, directives, program policy statements, and legal material relating to the V-5, V-7, V-12, and other special programs for the procurement of officers.

Officer Distribution Division [1016]

This Division classified officers according to their skills and abilities, assigned them to duty, and prepared their orders for duty or transfer. It was responsible for the release of officers from the Navy, for hardship only.

Records.--Among the wartime records of the Division in the Distribution Branch of the successor Officer Personnel Division are an extensive series of officers' qualification records, including questionnaires and reports on the special skills of officers; and microfilm copies of 300,000 officer-qualification questionnaires, 1944-46. Both these series are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Officer Performance Division [1017]

This Division was responsible for matters involving change of officers' status through their promotion, retirement, discharge, or discipline. It handled administrative work in connection with decisions of

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the Navy Department's Board of Decorations and Medals for special awards, medals, and citations for officers, and it had cognizance of matters concerning uniforms for all members of the Navy. It reviewed fitness reports, it conducted hearings for officers who were subject to discipline or whose separation from the service was recommended, and it was responsible for the retirement and discharge of officers because of physical disability. This Division compiled the Navy Register and Reserve Register, which showed the file number, rank and precedence date, naval schools attended, and pay entry base for each regular and reserve officer respectively.

Records.--In the successor Performance Branch are wartime policy correspondence on promotions and transfers; a Kardex series showing reserve and regular Navy officers' exact lineal precedence and promotions; confirmations, signed by the Secretary of the Senate, of promotions of Navy officers to flag rank; correspondence about changes in uniforms and insignia for the Navy, with a pictorial record of all naval insignia and medals by rank and rating; and a card record of ships' casualties, listing the type of ship and the nature of the casualty.

Enlisted Personnel Activity [1018]

This Activity was responsible for recruiting enlisted men and assigning them to duty, and it maintained records of their performance for purposes of promotion or discipline. In conjunction with the Office of the Chief of the Bureau, this activity conducted liaison with the Naval Home (see entry 1037). The functions and records of the divisions of the Activity are discussed below.

Records.--Wartime records of the Activity (700 feet) are in the custody of the successor Enlisted Personnel Branch. They include correspondence, directives, and reports relating to general policies and procedures for enlisted personnel, together with organization charts and reports of committees considering enlisted-personnel problems, 1939-46; and a file of directives, regulations, precedent cases, and similar materials relating to enlisted personnel of the Fleet Reserve and the Naval Reserve, 1939-46.

Recruiting and Induction Division [1019]

This Division procured all enlisted personnel except those in officer-candidate programs and supervised the preparation of publicity posters and pamphlets at the Navy Recruiting Bureau at White Plains, N.Y. After December 5, 1942, the Navy procured its enlisted personnel between the ages of 18 and 38 by induction through the Selective Service System, and the Division processed registrants jointly with the Marine Corps, the Coast Guard, and the Army at armed forces induction centers. A liaison officer from the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery advised on the organization and supervision of medical departments at recruiting stations and centers. The Division maintained contact with the Bureau of Yards and Docks regarding Construction Battalions (Seabees), for the recruitment of which it became responsible after July 1944.

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Records.--In the office of the Head of the successor Recruiting Branch is the general correspondence of the Division, 1939-46, relating to policies and procedures for recruiting enlisted personnel and including material on recruiting programs, special recruiting campaigns, enlistment categories, universal military training, induction quotas, selective service legislation, and space for recruiting stations. Also in the office of the Head of the Recruiting Branch are cumulative reports of enlistments and reenlistments in the United States as a whole and in individual recruiting areas, 1939-46; radio transcriptions entitled "Winnie the Wave," presenting dance orchestras and announcements advertising the electronics program; photographs, used in recruiting campaigns, of WAVE personnel, enlisted men, ships, stations, and equipment; and publicity and advertising materials so used, including correspondence, pamphlets, press releases, photographs, prepared talks and lectures, radio scripts, and background information for radio programs, 1942-46. Posters and newspaper clippings, 1940-45 (4 feet), are in the National Archives.

Enlisted Distribution Division [1020]

This Division assigned enlisted men to duty through a process of classification, detailing to stations, and preparation of orders. In January 1945 it acquired technical supervision over receiving ships and stations that were used for transient personnel.

Records.--The Division's wartime correspondence on enlisted aviation-personnel allowances, transfers, and assignments and its correspondence with Congressmen and others on shore-duty assignment, training, leave, and promotion, 1941-46, is in the central files of the Bureau. Correspondence of the Division with classification officers of Naval Districts and field activities, including directives and informational data on the classification of enlisted personnel and the development of the Classification Program, is in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Enlisted Performance Division [1021]

This Division was responsible for the promotion, transfer, retirement, discipline, and discharge of enlisted men and for the issuance of medals, awards, and citations.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the successor Performance Branch of the Enlisted Personnel Division include decisions of the Judge Advocate General regarding the retirement of enlisted personnel and directives, regulations, and policy statements regarding the retirement of Fleet Reservists. The Division's wartime records in the custody of the present Medals and Awards Division include policy records, consisting of correspondence, directives, and informational material on the design and kinds of decorations and awards, the standards to be met for such awards, procedures for their presentation, and other pertinent information; card records of all awards that the Navy Department made to or considered for civilians, foreigners, and service personnel for services during World War II; and card records of meritorious advancements given enlisted personnel for

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meritorious conduct in action. The Division's wartime correspondence on the promotion of enlisted men and chief petty officers, including material on quotas for different ratings, statistical data on promotions authorized, eligibility lists, and lists of candidates, is in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Training Activity [1022]

This Activity was responsible for the initiation and administrative control of vocational training, recruit or basic training, advanced technical and operational training, and reserve training (at colleges) for Navy personnel. Professional training for members of the Medical Corps, however, was administered by the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery; and, from 1942 onward, the training of members of the Merchant Marine was supervised by the War Shipping Administration. The Bureau of Naval Personnel shared responsibility with the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) with regard to technical training of aviation personnel through the Naval Air Technical Training Command and to flight training through the Naval Air Training Command. The Training Activity cooperated in the Engineering, Science, and Management War Training Program of the United States Office of Education, although it also made its own arrangements with educational institutions for facilities and instructors. An assistant in the Training Activity was the Secretary and maintained the records of the Joint Committee for Selection of Colleges, an interagency group that allocated schools to be used by the respective armed services. The component units of the Activity are discussed below.

Records.--Wartime correspondence of the Activity is in the central files of the Bureau. About 1,000 feet of the Activity's records are in the custody of the successor Training Division. Some of these are discussed in the separate entries below. Records of the Assistant Director of the Activity, relating to the Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps Program and the Naval Aviation College Program, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. They include material on rules and regulations affecting the procurement of candidates; curricula; and records concerning cruises, equipment, instructor training, publicity, and the Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps college organization. Records of the Activity's Management Assistant, consisting of histories, diaries, and progress reports for the Activity, are in the Center at Arlington.

Standards and Curriculum Division [1023]

This Division determined qualifications to be derived from training; prepared curricula, training manuals, and correspondence courses; and had cognizance of the Naval Reserve Educational Centers, teacher training programs, and the training of illiterates. The Educational Services Section was transferred to the Division from the Quality Control Division in May 1944 to administer and coordinate programs for the voluntary in-service education of Navy personnel and to prepare and distribute

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maps, motion pictures, and slide films to war-orientation officers at educational-services centers. This Section had jurisdiction over language programs (Japanese, Spanish, and Russian) for the Navy and maintained liaison with the United States Armed Forces Institute, in which the Navy participated jointly with the Army.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., include correspondence, reports, directives, postwar-curricula plans, billet-analysis schedules, curricula reports, and other records relating to standards and curricula for the training program; and contain outlines and lesson plans for naval training courses and schools, with related correspondence. In the successor Standards and Curriculum Branch are copies of enlisted-training publications and reference books and manuals for officers' correspondence courses; photographic material on the Educational Service Program in the field and publicity material and posters used in promoting the program; historical news maps showing the progress of World War II; and a master reference file of texts and courses of the United States Armed Forces Institute.

Field Administration Division [1024]

This Division had general supervision over the United States Naval Academy and the Postgraduate School, the Naval War College, the School of Military Government at Princeton University, Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps units, indoctrination schools, Fleet Service schools, and other specialized or technical schools under the cognizance of the Bureau. It administered naval academic refresher programs, receiving-station training programs, the assignment, housing, and messing of students, and their separation from the service. It processed applications from officers and recommendations from selection boards for assignments to specialized and advanced training schools, and it acted on requests from foreign governments for the training of their naval personnel in United States Navy schools. The Physical Training Section of the Division developed and administered a physical-fitness program for the Navy and cooperated with the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery in planning physical-rehabilitation programs at naval hospitals, rest camps, and convalescent centers. The Facilities Section obtained real estate needed for training activities. The Equipment Section supplied activities with material to implement training programs, prepared estimates of money needed by Naval Training Schools for their operation, and kept records of equipment (especially radar and sonar apparatus) in training schools. The Assistant for Electronics in the office of the Division's Director took over the duties of a section within the Quality Control Division that supervised all phases of electronics training and represented the Bureau on the Chief of Naval Operations' Permanent Electronics Maintenance Training Board, the Radar Trainer Working Committee, the Joint Communications Board, and the Joint Army-Navy Radar Training Committee.

Records.--Several series of separately maintained wartime records of the Division are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. Each includes directives, administrative memoranda, reports, lists, and related

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records on some special type of training, such as Naval Reserve training; enlisted training; officer training; five-term-college, postgraduate, and advanced training; functional training; and Naval Reserve training cruises. In the successor Field Administration Branch are records containing data on training schools, showing the name, location, function, and number of graduates of each training school; card records of all qualified electronics technician mates; and a master file of the bulletins issued by the Division in connection with the Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps and the Naval Aviation College Program.

Training Aids Division [1025]

This Division planned, utilized, and distributed audio-visual training aids for the Navy (except training films, which were under the cognizance of the Bureau of Aeronautics); and it issued the Naval Training Bulletin to disseminate information on the standardization of training. The Training Aids Development Center in New York City, a part of the Division, developed and produced nonphotographic training aids, such as charts, posters, models, and pamphlets. The Joint Clearing Committee on Army-Navy Training Aids included representatives from the Activity to evaluate motion pictures and film strips used in training, and to review old films for obsolescence.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division, in the Standards and Curriculum Branch, include correspondence, progress reports, histories, and material on Training Aids Development Centers and training libraries; evaluation reports on films by the Joint Clearing Committee on Army-Navy Training Aids; a reference file including photographs, blueprints, and slides of plane and ship models produced by the Division; and a set of the Naval Training Bulletin.

Quality Control Division [1026]

This Division was responsible for the inspection of training activities in the field and for the maintenance of liaison with fleets, advance bases, and schools.

Records.--Wartime correspondence and reports of the Division, pertaining to conditions in field training facilities, are in the central files of the Bureau.

Welfare Activity [1027]

This Activity absorbed the welfare, recreation, and entertainment functions of the former Training Division and assumed its duty of representing the Navy on the Joint Army-Navy Committee on Welfare and Recreation. It administered the circulation of motion pictures within the fleet and shore establishments, authorized the payment of allotments and death duties to families and dependents, and notified the next of kin regarding casualties. It supervised naval prisons and brigs and maintained discipline among Navy personnel on shore.

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Within the immediate office of the Director of the Activity were three sections. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Voting Section was established in December 1943 to administer the provisions of the act of Congress for absentee balloting in Federal elections by men in the armed forces (56 Stat. 753) and was abolished when the Navy Department's War Ballot Office (see entry 813) assumed responsibility for such activities. The Liberated Prisoners of War Section was organized in November 1945 to coordinate the Bureau's policies regarding liberated prisoners and to assist them in their return to naval jurisdiction. The Informational Services Section was responsible for editing and issuing Bureau of Naval Personnel Information (entitled All Hands after June 1945) and the Recreation Journal; the Section also provided editorial assistance to ship and station newspapers through the Ships' Editorial Association. Known earlier as the Information Bulletin Section and the Ship and Station Newspaper Section, it became the Informational Services Section in June 1945.

The divisions of the Welfare Activity are separately discussed below.

Records.--Some of the wartime records of the Activity are in the office of the Director of the successor Welfare Division. The Director's general records include correspondence, reports, and memoranda on the organization, planning, and administration of welfare and "recreation activities and records relating to the operation of the three sections of the Director's office. The Assistant Director's records concerning prisoners of war contain correspondence with former prisoners of war concerning promotions, pay, and allowances; lists of prisoners of war and of men recommended for awards; and records of interviews with former prisoners of war. Other records of the Assistant Director, in the Director's office, are a file of monthly reports, diaries, and histories of the Activity.

Special Services Division [1028]

This Division was composed of the Recreational Services, Physical Fitness, Library, Merchandise Services, and Civil Readjustment Sections. The Recreational Services Section allocated funds appropriated for recreation; administered the Navy rest-camp program; supervised the procurement of motion pictures and their distribution to the fleet; and cooperated with the United Service Organizations, Camp Shows, Inc., and the Armed Forces Radio Service to obtain performers and radio transcriptions for the entertainment of naval personnel at home and overseas. The Physical Fitness Section assisted in the planning and conduct of the Navy Physical Training program. The Library Section procured and distributed books and supervised Navy and Marine Corps libraries on ships and at shore establishments. It cooperated with the publishing industry's Council on Books in Wartime to furnish special "editions for armed services" to naval personnel. The Merchandise Services Section, called the Ships' Service Stores Unit until July 27, 1944, was responsible for the administration of ships' service stores and for liaison with the Army Exchange Service. Officers' and enlisted men's clubs and messes on shore, which were under the cognizance of the Bureau, were assigned to this Section. The Section also

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administered an insurance program for ships' service departments within the continental United States.

Records.--Records of the Division in the National Archives consist of the personnel records and the general correspondence of the Recreational Services Section, 1943-46 (30 feet), which relates to the organization, administration, performance, itineraries, and personnel of the United Service Organizations operating under Navy auspices; and the general correspondence of the Physical Fitness Section, 1942-46 (33 feet).

Corrective Services Division [1029]

This Division was composed of the Prison Administration and Shore Patrol Sections. A regular shore patrol was established in the fall of 1942 for assignment to Naval District and River Commands within the United States, and responsibility for the coordination and direction of its activities was assigned to the Director of Welfare. When the Secretary of the Navy on February 11, 1944, transferred to the Bureau of Naval Personnel the supervision and control of naval prisons and prisoners, the Prison Administration Section was established to coordinate policies and regulations and to administer naval prisons and brigs. It promoted the manufacture, repair, and salvage of material used by the Navy and was responsible for retraining prisoners in Navy skills.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., include general correspondence on the organization, planning, and administration of naval prisons, disciplinary barracks, and other places of confinement; and correspondence with major confinement activities, which includes the activities' annual reports, allotment data, educational and retraining reports and correspondence, inspection reports, statistical data, and material on prison industries.

Dependents Welfare Division [1030]

This Division checked applications and certified the payment of allotments and family allowances by the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts to enlisted and officer personnel and to dependents of enlisted personnel and the payment of death gratuities and mustering-out pay. It issued notifications of casualties to the next of kin and maintained liaison with the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery for the disposal of casualties and with the International Red Cross for communication with prisoners of war. Responsibility for the planning and administration of National Service Life Insurance for Navy personnel was shifted from the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts to the Welfare Activity after March 1943.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division in the successor Dependents Services Branch include its Director's general records, which contain original "promulgation letters" and letters of authorization signed by the Secretary of the Navy or the Chief of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, statements of procedural policies, directives covering casualty and family allowances, and organizational data; a prisoner-of-war file consisting of lists of prisoners,

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reports, statements of survivors, and statistical and general informational reports regarding prison camps; a policy file relating to the over-all administration and handling of National Service Life Insurance for Navy personnel; and card records of all naval casualties after December 7, 1941. The Division's file of original applications for family allowances, with related correspondence, and a ships and stations file of information regarding casualties are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va.

Records and Transportation Activity [1031]

This Activity was established as successor to the former Director of Services. It administered service and custodial activities in regard to certain naval records and transportation. The divisions of the Activity are separately discussed below. After the war the Activity was separated into the Records Activity and the Transportation Activity.

Records.--The Director's wartime correspondence regarding over-all administration, organization, and planning of the transportation program is in the office of the Director of the Transportation Division. His policy file relating to the administration of the records program is in the Management Control Branch of the Administrative and Management Division. This file includes war planning and basic organizational papers, administrative history, material on the taking of the Navy census, and records concerning relations with the naval records management centers, particularly the Center at Garden City, N.Y.

Records Division [1032]

This Division was the Bureau's central agency for maintaining the personnel records for all naval personnel, fitness reports for officers, muster rolls (giving complements and lists of enlisted men for all ships and stations), tabulated or mechanical records, ships' logs, and Naval Academy records. On June 5, 1945, it became responsible for planning the management of records within the Bureau. From its records the Division determined the longevity-pay service for reserve officers and, after August 1945, for regular officers. Its Identification Section issued identification cards and tags, classified and maintained fingerprint files for naval personnel, and made arrangements with the Department of State for passports for naval and civilian personnel. Its Naval Academy Unit handled correspondence pertaining to the Academy and changes in Academy Regulations, prepared data for the Secretary of the Navy in cases involving dismissal of midshipmen, and compiled the Naval Academy's Register.

Records.--The largest group of wartime records maintained by the Division consists of naval personnel records, or "jackets." The personnel jacket for each individual contains official copies of correspondence, reports, and forms pertaining to that individual during his period of service. Jackets for personnel no longer in service (70,000 feet) are in two of the naval records management centers. Those for enlisted personnel are in the Center at Garden City, N.Y., and those for officer personnel are in the Center at

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Arlington, Va. Muster rolls for the war period (1,000 feet) are being microfilmed, and it is expected that the originals will later be destroyed. Cards for naval personnel enrolled in the V-5 and V-12 programs, 1942-46 (30 feet), are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. A series of over 5 1/2 million fingerprint cards of naval personnel, dating from 1907 is maintained by the Division's Identification Section.

Ships' logs contain administrative and operational data for each ship or naval vessel from the date it was commissioned to the date it was decommissioned or stricken from the Navy Register. In the National Archives are 4,700 feet of logs for 1939-44 (and those of patrol-type vessels for 1944-46). In the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va., are 250 feet of such logs for the war period; lists of Armed Guard crews--naval personnel on merchant ships--1941-46 (170 feet); correspondence pertaining to nominations or appointments to the Naval Academy; and a series of personnel jackets for midshipmen and instructors at the Academy. Also in the Center is a policy file relating to the over-all administration of the Records and Transportation Activity, including war planning and basic organizational papers, administrative history data, material relating to the annual Navy census, and statements of policy on the release of information from service jackets and of policy and procedures governing relationships with naval records management centers.

Transportation Division [1033]

This Division arranged for transportation and reservations, including air travel priorities, for naval personnel; maintained a record of transportation requests; handled funds for transportation of naval personnel and their dependents; reimbursed such personnel for transportation expenditures; and maintained liaison with the Army in negotiating agreements with railroads for the transportation of Navy personnel.

Records.--Wartime records of the Division, in its custody, include general correspondence of the Director's office, policy decisions and letters from the Comptroller General regarding transportation and travel allowances, Joint Military Passenger Agreements (yearly agreements or contracts with railroads for transportation of personnel of the armed services), and reports of conferences with representatives of common carriers regarding these agreements.

Chaplains Division [1034]

This Division, not part of any Activity, was responsible for the direction of the Chaplain Corps of the Navy, which was established to promote the spiritual welfare of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. Through its Procurement, Training, Administration, and Publicity Sections it established standards and requirements for personnel of the Corps, determined the number needed, and cooperated with the Officer Procurement Division in the actual procurement of chaplains. It had cognizance over the selection of instructors and the curriculum for the Chaplains School at Williamsburg, Va., and it assumed responsibility for the training of theological

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students in the Navy College Training Program. It nominated personnel for duty assignments and for promotions or retirement, maintained records of officer and enlisted-men complements, procured ecclesiastical equipment and facilities such as chapels and altars, managed Navy funerals, and maintained liaison with church bodies, Navy Relief, and the armed services.

Records.--Personnel folders for wartime Navy chaplains (300 feet), including articles, speeches, performance reports, and copies of material that is also in the officers' personnel folders of the Records Activity, are in the Division. The master file of the Chaplains' News Letter, general correspondence relative to the organization and administration of the Chaplain Corps, a Church Commission's file including correspondence with religious bodies, card records of funerals for deceased Navy personnel, and records of baptisms and marriages performed by Navy chaplains are also in the Division. Records of the Division in the National Archives include unit histories of some ships and stations, news stories, and press releases, 1881-1946 (2 feet), records giving biographical information about chaplains, 1917-45 (15 feet), the smooth log of the Chaplains School at Williamsburg, Va., a sound recording entitled "The Peacemakers" and dated May 30, 1945, and such visual material as drawings, photographs, transparencies, and posters. Correspondence, 1914-40 (5 feet), relating to church architecture and the promotion, aid, relief, and funerals of chaplains is also in the National Archives.

Field Activities [1035]

The functions of the Bureau of Naval Personnel relating to the recruiting and induction of enlisted men, the procurement of officers, and the training, distribution, discipline, and welfare of naval personnel necessitated the operation by the Bureau of some 1,600 field activities. Among these were recruiting stations, offices of officer procurement, district offices for inspectors, receiving ships and stations, prisons, training centers, special schools and training units, rest centers, recreation camps, the Naval Home in Philadelphia, the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md., and the Naval War College at Newport, R. I. Some of these units are separately described below.

Records.--Comparatively few of the records created by the field activities of the Bureau during World War II have been preserved, because most of the records were of routine character or were duplicated by other records of the Bureau in Washington and because the operations of most of the field activities are well documented in records of the Activities that supervised them. Records of recruiting stations and receiving ships and stations have not been preserved, nor have those of offices of officer procurement except for the Washington office, which still has its administrative records for the war period. Records of naval training centers, except those at San Diego, Calif., and Great Lakes, Ill., have not been preserved. Those for the San Diego center are kept there; those for the Great Lakes center are in the Naval Records Management Center at Garden City, N.Y. Records of naval prisons at Mare Island, Calif., and Portsmouth, N. H., are at the prisons, They consist

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of the general administrative files and the case folders, one for each prisoner, containing records relating to the cause of confinement, admission, physical and psychiatric condition, conduct, and assignments.

Special Schools and Training Units [1036]

During the war the Bureau of Personnel had cognizance over many special schools and training units, some operated by the Navy Department, some operated in conjunction with nonnaval colleges and universities. These units and schools included such types as midshipmen schools, supply schools, communications schools, oriental-language schools, and units of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps.

Records.--Of the records of schools and special training units, only the general administrative files and the grade cards are kept. Most of these records for the war period are in the Naval Records Management Center at Garden City, N.Y. A few (125 feet) are in the National Archives. These consist of medical, supply, and administrative records of the V-12 unit at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H., 1942-46; of officer training schools at Fort Schuyler, N.Y., 1941-46, and at Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill., 1942-46; and of the radio school for enlisted men at Bedford Springs, Pa., 1942-45.

Naval Home [1037]

The Naval Home in Philadelphia, established by Congress in 1811 as the Naval Asylum, continued to operate during the war to give lodging, health, and comfort to aged, decrepit, and retired naval and Marine Corps personnel.

Records.--In the National Archives are records of the Naval Home, 1939-42. These records include general administrative correspondence, relating to the operation of the Home and its provisions for its residents, and station logs containing daily accounts of the activities of the Home. Similar records for 1943-44 are in the Naval Records Management Center at Garden City, N.Y. Those for 1945-46 are at the Home, as are record jackets of men in residence, beneficiary muster rolls, beneficiary admission books, and burial records. Record jackets of former residents are in the Center at Garden City.

United States Naval Academy [1038]

One of the most important of the field activities under the cognizance of the Bureau of Naval Personnel was the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md., which was founded in 1845 to train midshipmen in the professional skills of the Navy and to commission them as ensigns upon graduation. The Academy was a flag command administered through the Severn River Naval Command, which was directly under the Chief of Naval Operations, and through the Bureau of Naval Personnel. It was supervised by the Superintendent, the Commandant of Midshipmen, the Board of Visitors, and the Academic Board. During the war naval reservists were admitted to the Academy for training in order to increase the number of

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line officers of the fleet, and the usual 4-year course was accelerated to graduate midshipmen within 3 years.

Records.--The wartime records of the Academy are at the Academy. They consist chiefly of general administrative files and of midshipmen's record jackets. Records relating to the nomination and appointment of midshipmen to the Academy are in the Naval Academy Branch of the Officer and Miscellaneous Records Division. Individual and summary medical reports from the Academy are in the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery; similar reports relating to personnel matters are in the Bureau of Naval Personnel, and reports on matters of finance and supply are in the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts.

Naval War College [1039]

This College, established at Newport, R. I., in the late nineteenth century, had been administered by the Bureau of Navigation for several years before and during World War II, and its administration was continued by the Bureau of Naval Personnel. In peacetime the College gave selected naval officers 11 months of instruction in military and naval warfare and in international law and history. These courses were suspended during the war, but a 6 months' period of instruction was given, with two courses, a command course for regular Navy officers and a preparatory staff course for Reserve officers, held concurrently. These courses continued to be offered after the war along with the regular junior, senior, and advanced courses, when the College resumed its schedule of 11 months on July 1, 1946.

Records.--The wartime records of the College, including records of individual students, are in its custody.

UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS [1040]

The United States Marine Corps was established by an act of Congress on July 11, 1798, as an integral part of the Naval Establishment. It has always functioned, however, as an organization capable of independent operation. The Marine Corps or any of its component parts may at any time be detached from the Navy and assigned to duty under the Army. It has been necessary, therefore, that it be self-sufficient and ready to act on very short notice.

A highly specialized amphibious force, the Marine Corps was administered during World War II and for many years earlier by its Headquarters organization in Washington, which determined all matters relating to administration, personnel, and supply. Military command, however, was not a function of the Headquarters organization, since the Marine Corps did not exercise independent command. Ultimate command was vested in the Navy, usually in the person of the task force commander within whose area of control the action occurred. This commander did not, however, exercise tactical command in detail, and the conduct of any Marine Corps action ashore was the responsibility of the senior Marine Corps officer present. Marine Forces operating in the Pacific Areas were under the administration of Headquarters,

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Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, which is discussed in the section on the Pacific Theaters of Operations.

The Marine Corps is more fully described below in terms of its organization in July 1945.

Records.--Records of all units of Marine Corps Headquarters, with the exception of those of the Quartermaster's Department and the Division of Aviation, were maintained centrally during the war, in two groups, the security-classified files and the unclassified files. Selected material from the security-classified central files is in the Historical Division of the Offices of the Commandant. The remainder of these files is in the Plans and Policies Division. The unclassified central files for 1939-43 are in the Naval Records Management Center, Arlington, Va. Those for 1944-45 are in the Records Branch of the Personnel Department.

Operational records of Marine Corps units are in the Historical Division. They consist of three series. The "operation and area" series (200 feet) consists of records of operations, landings, occupations, defenses, and other activities and contains operation plans and orders, operation reports, special action reports, intelligence summaries and studies, journals, messages, and administrative plans and orders. The "aviation unit" series (30 feet) and the "ground unit" series (50 feet) consist of the administrative records of the units, including war diaries.

An unpublished history of the Marine Corps in World War II, prepared by the Historical Division as part of the Navy Department's administrative history program, is in the Division of Naval Records and History, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Other records of the Marine Corps, including some in the National Archives, are described below in the entries for subordinate units.
[See also "The United States Marine Corps" in Administration of the Navy Department in World War II, the 2-volume administrative history and HyperWar (for operational histories, reference publications, etc.) --HyperWar]

Headquarters

Offices of the Commandant [1041]

During the war the Commandant of the Marine Corps, under the general direction of the Secretary of the Navy, was responsible for the procurement, education, training, distribution, discipline, and discharge of officers and enlisted personnel of the Marine Corps, including the Marine Corps Reserve, and for their administration and general efficiency. The successive wartime Commandants were Maj. Gen. Thomas Holcomb and Lt. Gen. Alexander A. Vandegrift. The Assistant Commandant served as the Commandant's principal adviser, performed the duties of a chief of staff, assisted in coordinating the work of the several departments and divisions of the Marine Corps Headquarters, and conducted the business of the Office in the Commandant's absence. The Military Secretary served the Commandant confidentially in the activities of his Office, facilitated communications between the Commandant and his subordinates, and provided for the orderly disposal of communications and correspondence in Marine

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Corps Headquarters. The Legal Aide acted as legal adviser to the Commandant and served as liaison officer with Congress for the Commandant. The functions of the Offices of the Commandant were performed by four divisions, which are described below.

Records.--Most of the wartime records of the Offices are in the central files described in entry 1040. Some records of the Offices are in the Aviation Division. Some correspondence and other records relating to the administration of the Marine Corps, 1939-41, are with similar materials of earlier date in the National Archives. A series of sound recordings of radio broadcasts made for recruiting purposes, 1943, is also in the National Archives.

Administrative Division [1042]

This Division developed and administered the program for civil- 1042 ian personnel at Marine Corps Headquarters in accordance with policies of the Civil Service Commission and the Navy Department; controlled the assignment of enlisted personnel to work at Headquarters; compiled personnel information periodically for the Office of the Secretary of the Navy; and reviewed and made recommendations on requests for additional personnel submitted by the departments and divisions of Headquarters. It performed many service functions for Headquarters and advised operating officials concerning organization, methods, and procedures. It published directives and memoranda affecting Headquarters as a whole and was responsible for the handling and filing of dispatches for Headquarters. It also maintained a central information office regarding Marine Corps activities.

Records.--The wartime records of the Administrative Division, except for those still retained in its several sections, are in the unclassified central files described in entry 1040.

Division of Plans and Policies [1043]

This Division was set up on April 21, 1939. Its Director was 1043 responsible, under the supervision of the Commandant, for the formulation of Marine Corps policy; the development of plans for personnel, intelligence, operations, supplies, and equipment; the organization and training of all Marine Corps elements except Marine Corps aviation; and the maintenance of liaison with other agencies regarding these matters. The work of the Division was carried on in four "M" sections that on February 24, 1945, were designated as "G" sections, to conform to the designation of corresponding sections of the War Department General Staff. The G-1 Section was responsible for budgetary planning, for the preparation of operating force plans, and for all matters relating to personnel. The G-2 Section was concerned with the acquisition, evaluation, and dissemination of intelligence and with investigations, security, and censorship. The G-3 Section was responsible for war plans, mobilization, troop movements, the

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organization and expansion of the Fleet Marine Force, and other operational matters. The G-4 Section was concerned with the procurement, storage, and distribution of supplies and equipment, including transportation, construction, and maintenance. The Division was also responsible for the custody of secret and confidential records of Marine Corps Headquarters.

Records.--The wartime records of the Division are in the central files described in entry 1040.

Division of Public Information [1044]

This Division, known as the Division of Public Relations for most of the war period, was responsible for keeping the public informed regarding the Marine Corps and its wartime activities. It maintained liaison with the Office of Public Information of the Navy Department and with other governmental and private publicity agencies. It received, reviewed, and disseminated news material and photographs; maintained a clipping service and a file of publications dealing with military affairs; prepared and maintained a biographical file for officer personnel and a card file for enlisted personnel; and released material relating to all Marine Corps personnel. It prepared special manuscripts, statements, and articles for official signature and for broadcasting purposes, and it supervised all special events and displays. It was responsible for all Women's Reserve special activities and maintained liaison with and supervised the field personnel.

Records.--The general correspondence of the Division is in the central files described in entry 1040. Press releases, 1939-45, are in the Division. Other wartime records of the Division, consisting of newspaper clippings, photographs, drawings, biographical data, and related materials, are in the Historical Division.

Division of Aviation [1045]

This Division, through its several sections, was responsible for Marine Corps aviation personnel, including the procurement, training, assignment, and performance of regular and reserve officers and enlisted personnel and the Women's Reserve; for obtaining necessary aircraft, material, and supplies; and for administrative matters pertaining to Marine Corps aviation. At the head of the Division was the Director of Aviation, who was also the Assistant Commandant for Air and the adviser to the Commandant on all matters of policy pertaining to Marine Corps aviation. He served as liaison between the Commandant and the Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics and, through the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air), as liaison between the Commandant and the Chief of Naval Operations.

Records.--The general records of the Division, 1941-45 (200 feet), are in the Naval Records Management Center, Arlington, Va. These records are arranged according to the Navy Filing Manual. Correspondence of the Division concerning such subjects as training, deployment, promotion, and distribution of personnel, 1939-40 (2 feet), is in the National Archives.

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Personnel Department [1046]

The Personnel Department, established by an act of May 25, 1943 (57 Stat. 84), took over the functions previously performed by the Adjutant and Inspector's Department. The Director, who reported to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, was responsible for the procurement and administration of the officer and enlisted personnel of the Marine Corps and Marine Corps Reserve, including the Women's Reserve. He had cognizance of discipline, decorations and medals, morale, welfare, recreation, and rehabilitation; of proposed legislation and regulations and instructions to the service; and of post exchanges, mess management, target practice, casualties, dependents' benefits, inspections and investigations, and the adjudication of claims. He was also responsible for the collection and maintenance of personnel records, military reports, and historical records and for making reports and providing information regarding the personnel, administration, and organization of the Marine Corps.

The Personnel Department worked in close cooperation with the Division of Plans and. Policies of the Offices of the Commandant and carried out the policies and doctrines formulated in that Division. It had general supervision over the Women's Reserve, the Director of which served as Special Assistant to the Director of the Personnel Department. The Women's Reserve had been authorized by an act of July 30, 1942 (56 Stat. 730), to release officers and men for combat and sea duty. Originally restricted to duty within the continental United States, women Reservists were permitted by an act of September 27, 1944 (58 Stat. 754), to serve in Hawaii and Alaska and at any station within the American area as defined in the act. They performed administrative, clerical, stenographic, photographic, laboratory, aerographic, aircraft-mechanic, and parachute-rigging work.

Records.--The general wartime records of the Department are in the central files described in entry 1040. Other records of the Department are described in the entry for the Records Branch, which follows.

Records Branch [1047]

This Branch was responsible for maintaining the unclassified central records for the Marine Corps and the personnel records for the officer and enlisted personnel of the Corps. Its Historical Division, formerly the Historical Section of the Adjutant and Inspector's Department, maintained the operational records for units of the Marine Corps, which are described in entry 1040. The Division also wrote an administrative history of the Corps. On November 1, 1946, the Division became the Historical Section of the Division of Public Information, and later the Historical Division of the Offices of the Commandant.

Records.--Monthly muster rolls, 1944-45, received from Marine Corps units in administrative and operating areas, are in the Records Branch. Those for 1941-43 are in the Naval Records Management Center, Arlington, Va., and those for 1939-41 are in the National Archives. Personnel records for officer and enlisted personnel of the Marine Corps, consisting of about 50,000 folders for officers and 925,000 folders for enlisted men, are in the

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Mail and Files Division of the Records Branch. Records of the Historical Division, consisting of material gathered during the preparation of various studies on the history of the Marine Corps and arranged as a "subject file" (110 feet), with about half the material antedating the war, are in the Historical Division of the Offices of the Commandant.

Quartermaster's Department [1048]

This Department, under the direction of the Quartermaster General of the Marine Corps, was responsible for the procurement, storage, and issue of equipment and supplies, including subsistence and construction materials; the transportation of Marine Corps personnel and supplies; the maintenance of and jurisdiction over quarters, barracks, and other public buildings and grounds used by Marine Corps officers and enlisted men; and the payment for all expenses of the Marine Corps except military pay and allowances and civilian pay.

On July 16, 1946, the Quartermaster's Department was consolidated with the Paymaster's Department to form the Supply Department.

Records.--The unclassified general records of the Quartermaster's Department, 1943-45 (400 feet), are in the Naval Records Management Center, Arlington, Va., and those for 1939-42 (75 feet) are in the National Archives. The security-classified records of the Department, 1939-45, are in the Planning and Statistical Branch of the Supply Department. Both these groups include correspondence and reports relating to the procurement of supplies and equipment, the construction and maintenance of buildings, the administration of Quartermaster field personnel, stock inventories, surplus property, printing, and publications.

Paymaster's Department [1049]

This Department, under the direction of the Paymaster General of the Marine Corps, supervised all matters relating to the pay, allowances, gratuities, travel expenses, allotments, and insurance of officers and enlisted personnel of the Marine Corps; and prepared annual and supplemental budget estimates.

On July 16, 1946, the Paymaster's Department was consolidated with the Quartermaster's Department to form the Supply Department.

Records.--The general wartime records of the Paymaster's Department (100 feet) are in the Naval Records Management Center, Arlington, Va. They include general correspondence, budget estimates, accounting records, pay rolls, and allowances.

Department of the Pacific [1050]

This Department, organized in 1919 with Headquarters at San Francisco, had general jurisdiction over posts, detachments, depots, offices, and other Marine Corps units in the Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Seventeenth Naval Districts except the San Diego training area, which later included Camp Pendleton at Oceanside, Calif. The Department

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also had jurisdiction over Marine Corps units in the Pacific Area, except Fleet Marine Force units, detachments afloat, detachments in the Fifteenth Naval District, and a few other units excepted by the Commandant.

Department Headquarters served in some respects as a branch office or forward echelon of Marine Corps Headquarters at Washington. The Departmental Commander, under the direction of the Marine Corps Commandant, issued orders for the movement of troops and officers within the Department. He had certain budget responsibilities and exercised general supervision over expenditures and supplies for the maintenance and management of the Department. His office was organized on the pattern of the General Staff, with a Commanding General, a Chief of Staff, and four sections: G-1 (Personnel), G-2 (Intelligence), G-3 (Plans and Training), and G-4 (Material and Supplies). The Department was responsible for the prompt dissemination of news stories from the Pacific combat zone, the maintenance of the Marine Corps Section of the Fleet Post Office at San Francisco, and the handling of recruiting services in all the Western and Rocky Mountain States.

Records.--Most of the wartime records of the Department, including correspondence, dispatches, and personnel records, are in the Naval Records Management Center at San Bruno, Calif. Reports of its activities were regularly forwarded during the war to Marine Corps Headquarters at Washington and are in the Historical Division of the Offices of the Commandant.

Field Activities [1051]

During the war the field activities of the Marine Corps in the continental United States included training facilities, air stations, bases and barracks, and supply depots and procurement districts. All such activities were greatly expanded in the course of the war.

Records.--Records of these activities are separately described in the entries below. Related records are in the divisions of the Offices of the Commandant and the departments reporting to the Commandant. The "aviation unit" and "ground unit" series described in entry 1040 contain information about most of these activities.

Training Facilities [1052]

The expansion of the Marine Corps during the war necessitated new and expanded facilities for training. Before the war the basic training of Marines was conducted at San Diego, Calif., and Parris Island, S. C.; and secondary training, officer training, and training in special schools were conducted at Quantico, Va. In 1941 Camp Elliott was established near San Diego to enlarge the facilities for basic training in the West, and a large and important training command was set up at Camp Lejeune on the New River in eastern North Carolina. In 1942 Camp Joseph H. Pendleton was established at Oceanside, Calif.; later in the war it specialized in amphibious training for combat in the Pacific overseas areas.

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Records.--Most of the wartime records of field establishments that trained Marine Corps personnel are in the nearest naval records management center. The "ground unit" series described in entry 1040 contains administrative records and war diaries of each unit.

Air Stations [1053]

The number and size of Marine Corps Air Stations also increased markedly during the war. Before World War II Marine Corps aviation training was provided at San Diego, Calif., and Quantico, Va. In 1941 an Air Station was set up at Cherry Point, N. C, not far from Camp Lejeune, so that the training programs of the two camps might complement each other. Other Air Stations were later established at Edenton, N. C; Eagle Mountain Lake, near Fort Worth, Tex.; and El Toro, El Centro, Santa Barbara, and Mojave, Calif.

Records.--Records of decommissioned Marine Air Stations for the war period, including station logs, aerological instrument readings, pilot balloon observations, original drawings of aircraft, and general correspondence concerning police control, are in the nearest naval records management center. Stations still in commission retain their records. Daily flight logs, 1939-46, are in the Naval Records Management Center at Arlington, Va. The "aviation unit" series described in entry 1040 contains administrative records and war diaries of each unit.

Bases and Barracks [1054]

The Marine Corps Base at San Diego, Calif., which was the home base for the Fleet Marine Force, increased both in size and significance during the war. This was true also of such long-established Marine Corps Barracks as those at Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Norfolk, Quantico, Va., Parris Island, S. C, San Francisco, and Seattle, and of many more recently established, such as that at Clearfield, Utah. Marine detachments served as usual at all of the more important naval shore stations to maintain the security of personnel and property.

Records.--Records of the Marine Corps Base at San Diego and the Marine Corps Barracks at Parris Island, S. C, are in the custody of their successor agencies, the Recruit Depots at San Diego and Parris Island. Records of similar activities still in commission are retained at the activity; those of decommissioned activities are at the nearest naval records management center. These records consist chiefly of administrative correspondence and station logs of the activities.

Supply Facilities [1055]

Before the war Marine Corps Supply Depots were maintained at Philadelphia and San Francisco. These were greatly expanded during the course of the war, and a third Supply Depot was set up at Barstow, Calif., to fill the heavy demands for Marine Corps supplies in the Pacific

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area. There were Marine Corps Air Depots at Miramar and San Diego, Calif.

Records.--The wartime records of the Marine Corps Supply Depots, consisting chiefly of administrative correspondence and station logs, are in the nearest naval records management center. Records relating to the quartermaster activities of Supply Depots are in the Records Section, Administrative Branch, Supply Department.

UNITED STATES COAST GUARD [1056]

The United States Coast Guard was established by an act of January 28, 1915, as a consolidation of the Life-Saving Service and the Revenue-Cutter Service. On July 1, 1939, the Bureau of Lighthouses was transferred to the Coast Guard. The Coast Guard has since been responsible for the general maritime police functions of enforcing maritime law, saving and protecting life and property, safeguarding navigation on the high seas and navigable waters of the United States, and maintaining readiness for national defense. In accordance with the provisions of its organic act, the Coast Guard operates as a part of the Navy during war. From November 1, 1941, to January 1, 1946, it participated in convoy, antisubmarine, and patrol duty with the fleet, sea frontiers, and task forces; in manning naval and certain Army craft; in beach patrol; in training landing crews; and in combat landing operations in all theaters of war.

These war operations necessitated the discontinuance or curtailment of some duties performed by the Coast Guard in time of peace under the direction of the Treasury Department. Other peacetime duties of the Coast Guard, however, received greater emphasis as a result of war conditions. In this category were the issuance and enforcement of regulations for port and vessel security, the work of air-sea rescue, the establishment and maintenance of lighthouses, lightships, radio beacons, and other navigational aids, and the North Atlantic ice patrol. The scope of Coast Guard activities was further expanded by an Executive order of February 28, 1942, which transferred to the Coast Guard from the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation of the Department of Commerce certain functions, among which were the investigation of marine disasters, the approval of plans for the construction, repair, and alteration of merchant vessels, the enforcement of safety provisions on merchant vessels, the inspection of merchant vessels, and the licensing of seamen.

During the war the Coast Guard organization consisted of three groups of organizational units. The individual units of the organization were vessels and aircraft; light, radio, and lifeboat stations; Captain of the Port Offices; marine inspection offices; and recruiting, receiving, and training stations. Supervising many of these were the 15 District Offices, each of which directed individual units within its geographical limits. Coast Guard Headquarters in Washington supervised the activities of the District Offices and directed certain special field units, including the Coast Guard Academy, training stations, and supply depots. The entire organization was administered

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throughout the war by the Commandant of the Coast Guard, Rear Admiral Russell R. Waesche. Although part of the Navy, the Coast Guard was a self-contained military organization with its own engineering, personnel, finance, and other activities, for the administration of which the Navy Department's bureaus and offices had no direct responsibility. The only important change in the administrative structure of the Coast Guard during the war was the establishment in Headquarters in June 1945, and subsequently in the District Offices, of Planning and Control Staffs. These Staffs took over direction of units concerned with planning, requirements, administrative management, legal matters, and public relations.

The principal units of the Coast Guard organization are discussed below in their organizational pattern at the end of the war.

Records.--During the war the record-keeping function of Coast Guard Headquarters was centered, in varying degrees, first in the Office Services Division of the Office of the Assistant Commandant, and after June 1945 in the Administrative Services Division of the Office of Administrative Services. After the war the function was taken over by the Headquarters Administration Division of the Office of the Commandant. Until 1942 Coast Guard Headquarters records were maintained centrally, with correspondence integrated into a single file. In 1942 the central filing of Coast Guard records was abandoned as a general practice, although some of the offices and divisions continued to forward current records to the Office Services Division for filing, Other offices and divisions maintained their own files. About 1949 the Coast Guard began a new system for the maintenance of its records, applying the system not only to current records, but also to records of the war year? accumulated in the so-called central file and in the various offices and divisions. Under this system, records not needed in the current work of the divisions and offices are placed in a depository maintained at Headquarters by the Headquarters Administration Division and are kept there in separate groups according to the unit of origin until they are either destroyed or transferred to the National Archives. Current records are retained in the individual offices and divisions.

Selected portions of the Coast Guard central correspondence, 1939-41 (250 feet), are in the National Archives, as are logs of Coast Guard vessels, stations, Coast Guard Air Stations, lifeboat stations, and buoy tenders, 1939-45; logs of Captains of Ports, bases with operational responsibilities, coastal lookout units, and beach patrol units, 1941-45; and journals of light stations, 1941-45 (1,700 feet). War diaries of Coast Guard vessels and of vessels manned by the Coast Guard, 1941-45 (600 feet), are in the Headquarters depository.

Wartime records retained in Headquarters units are described below in the entries for the offices and divisions. Records of Coast Guard District Offices and operating units, other than logs and diaries, remain for the most part in the field.

See Navy Department, V. S. Coast Guard Organization Manual (1944); and United States Coast Guard, "They Have to Go Out" (1946. 41 p., processed), and "The Coast Guard at War" (1944-47. 10 parts, processed).
[See also "The United States Coast Guard" in Administration of the Navy Department in World War II --HyperWar]

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Headquarters Offices

Office of the Commandant [1057]

This Office consisted of the Commandant, who as head of the Coast Guard was immediately responsible to the Secretary of the Navy; the Assistant Commandant; the Advisory Board, which was composed of the chiefs of the Headquarters units; and the Merchant Marine Council, which consisted of the chiefs of Headquarters units concerned with merchant-marine affairs and a representative of the American Bureau of Shipping, a private, nonprofit organization responsible for the classification of merchant vessels. The Council advised the Commandant on matters concerning the merchant marine and reviewed and held public hearings on proposed merchant-marine regulations of the Coast Guard.

Records.--Most of the wartime records of the Office are in the depository maintained by the Headquarters Administration Division.

Planning and Control Staff [1058]

This Staff was established in June 1945 to centralize administrative and advisory functions that had been performed by the Assistant Commandant and individual units reporting directly to the Commandant. Its functions were carried out by five divisions, which are separately described below.

Records.--Correspondence and related records of the Chief of the Planning and Control Staff, 1945 (40 feet), constitute a separate series, which is in the office of the Chief. Most of the records of the Staff, however, are among the records of its divisions.

Administrative Management Division [1059]

This Division, which was transferred to the Planning and Control Staff from the Office of the Commandant, was responsible for improving management practices at Headquarters and in the field. It reviewed directives, general instructions, and other documents signed by the Commandant, changes or amendments to Coast Guard regulations, and all forms used by the Coast Guard; maintained record sets of these documents and of administrative reports from Coast Guard activities; and studied problems of personnel utilization. The Chief of the Division served as recorder of the Advisory Board.

Records.--The records of the Division, 1942-46 (175 feet), which are in its custody, contain the most nearly complete set of Coast Guard directives and administrative instructions; and reports, studies, and other materials pertaining to evaluations of Coast Guard organization, proposals for changes in organization, procedural changes, forms control, and personnel utilization.

Program Planning Division [1060]

This Division was responsible for developing basic programs for the Coast Guard; coordinating the plans of the Headquarters offices; reviewing proposals to establish, modify, or discontinue Coast Guard

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facilities; and initiating or reviewing basic legislation pertaining to the Coast Guard. The Division also had general responsibility for preparing and making available plans to insure the Coast Guard's military readiness.

Records.--Records of the Division, 1945 (100 feet), which are in its custody, consist principally of files on complements of military personnel, the distribution of facilities among Coast Guard Districts, and justifications from the field for the increase or decrease of facilities.

Budget and Requirements Division [1061]

This Division, which before the establishment of the Planning and Control Staff was the Budget and Reports Division of the Office of Finance and Supplies, prepared the budget for the Coast Guard; directed the preparation of all financial reports; and determined the budgetary basis for the supply program of the Coast Guard and the allocation of its authorized strength among its various units.

Records.--The records of this Division, 1939-45 (200 feet), which are in the successor Budget Division, consist of sets of annual estimates and basic supporting material and the control records for facilities and personnel.

Legal Division [1062]

This Division, which before the establishment of the Planning and Control Staff was under the direction of the Assistant Commandant, prepared legal documents for the Coast Guard; furnished legal advice and aid to activities and to Headquarters personnel and their dependents; handled matters concerning Coast Guard marine insurance; maintained liaison with the War Shipping Administration on insurance and claims; and reviewed for their legal implications the reports of investigations of marine casualties and the proceedings of specially convened marine casualty boards.

Records.--Records of the Division in the successor Legal Division of the Office of the Commandant consist principally of case files of general and summary courts-martial, deck courts, and boards of investigation, 1942-45 (700 feet). Similar records for the period 1939-41 (8 feet) are in the National Archives.

Public Information Division [1063]

This Division, which was transferred to the Planning and Control Staff from the Office of the Commandant, planned and conducted the public-information program of the Coast Guard. It established public-relations policies and procedures; collected and released materials for the press; prepared and distributed pamphlets, booklets, magazine articles, films, pictures, posters, and other materials on Coast Guard activities; booked Coast Guard films and scheduled radio broadcasts; provided staffs for public-relations activities in the field; and assigned enlisted photographers and reporters to convoys, combat ships, and transports, to depict

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Coast Guard participation in the war. The Division provided central graphic services for the Coast Guard and central photographic services for Headquarters.

Records.---The administrative records of the Division, 1939-41, are in the Headquarters central files, and those for 1942-45 are in the successor Public Information Division of the Office of the Commandant. Also in that Division is its collection of photographic negatives (150,000 items) depicting the Coast Guard's wartime activities in all areas in which it operated. Captioned prints of these negatives (4,280 items) are in the National Archives. Material collected or compiled by the Division's Historical Section (120 feet) and retained in the Division includes abstracts of war diaries, ships' histories, administrative histories of District Offices and Headquarters units; monographs on such special subjects as aids to navigation, port security, coastal pickets, and communications; and basic materials for compiling the war history of the Coast Guard, including directives, summary statistical information, and press releases.

Office of Personnel [1064]

This Office provided Coast Guard personnel services, which included the procurement, training, assignment, promotion, retirement, and medical examination and care of officer and enlisted personnel; the administration of the civilian personnel program and the Coast Guard Auxiliary; and the maintenance of personnel records. The Office consisted of ten divisions: The Auxiliary, Civilian Personnel, Enlisted Assignment, Medical, Military Morale, Officer Assignment, Personnel Procurement, Temporary Reserve, Training, and Women's Reserve Divisions.

Records.--In some of the divisions comprising the Office are records for separated military and civilian Coast Guard personnel who served during the war. Health records and records of medical treatment (450 feet) are in the Medical Division. Personnel records for regular officers (900 feet) are in the Officer Personnel Division, successor to the Officer Assignment Division. Personnel records for enlisted men (12,500 feet) and muster rolls, 1941-45 (410 feet), are in the Enlisted Personnel Division, successor to the Enlisted Assignment Division. In the Reserve and Auxiliary Division, successor to the Auxiliary, Temporary Reserve, and Women's Reserve Divisions, are the personnel records (1,400 feet) for reserve officers and reserve enlisted men. Personnel records for members of the Women's Reserve of the United States Coast Guard (SPARS) are in the Headquarters Administration Division depository. Personnel records for separated wartime civilian personnel employees (300 feet) are in the Civilian Personnel Division. Records relating to the recruitment and training of Coast Guard military personnel, 1942-45 (20 feet), and records concerning the welfare and recreation of Coast Guard personnel, 1942-45 (10 feet), are in the depository maintained by the Headquarters Administration Division. Muster rolls, 1939-40, are in the National Archives.

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Office of Operations [1065]

This Office planned and supervised the basic operations of the Coast Guard, including specifically the protection of port facilities and vessels within harbors, beach patrol, weather and ice patrols, the administration of the system of aids to navigation, the removal of dangers to

navigation, the inspection of merchant vessels, the regulation of merchant-marine personnel, the enforcement of customs and navigation laws, the saving of life and property and the rescue of vessels in distress, the maintenance of law and order on navigable waters and the high seas, and the administration of disaster relief. The Office exercised general direction

over the communications, aviation, and ordnance and gunnery activities of the Coast Guard; but its responsibilities did not extend to the Coast Guard personnel, vessels, and aircraft under direct Navy command. The Office included the Planning Officer and Divisions of Navigation, Beach Patrol, Communications, Merchant Marine Inspection, Merchant Marine Personnel, Ordnance and Gunnery, and Port Security.

Late in the war the Office absorbed the functions of the Office of Air-Sea Rescue, which for a few months had planned and administered Coast Guard air-sea rescue operations and coordinated shore, vessel, and aviation rescue activities.

Records.--The administrative records of the Office are in the Headquarters Administration Division depository. Some of its records have been incorporated in the records of successor units or of units that absorbed the functions of wartime units. Important among these are the seamen's records (5,000 feet) of the Merchant Marine Personnel Division and the casualty records of the Merchant Marine Inspection Division (350 feet), both of which are in the Office of Merchant Marine Safety. Also in that Office are the Marine Inspection files, 1942-45, a continuation of files begun by the Commerce Department's Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation in 1935 and containing correspondence on the construction, manning, and other aspects of merchant vessels. Records of discontinued units of the Office, including those of the Beach Patrol Division (48 feet) and the Port Security Division, 1941-46 (100 feet), are in the depository maintained by the Headquarters Administration Division. Microfilm copies of casualty, wreck, and assistance reports, 1939-40 (22 rolls), and motion pictures showing Coast Guard rescue work and patrol of the coast and inland waters, 1941-45, are in the National Archives.

Office of Finance and Supplies [1066]

This Office had charge of the procurement, storage, and distribution of general supplies and services; the acquisition of space; the maintenance of accounts; and the disbursement of funds. Its functions were performed by the Accounting Division, which was responsible for Coast Guard accounting, voucher auditing, disbursing, and pay allotments; and the Supply Division, which supplied or planned the supply of items of material and service except nonstandard items the procurement of which required engineering knowledge.

--704--

Records.--Records in this Office, in the custody of the successor Office of Finance and Supply, consist principally of records pertaining to changes in supply and pay regulations and to amendments to Pay and Supply Instructions, 1939-46 (20 feet); and records pertaining to Coast Guard contracts, 1939-46 (60 feet).

Office of Administrative Services [1067]

This Office was established in June 1945 as the successor to the Office Services Division of the Office of the Assistant Commandant, which was abolished when the Planning and Control Staff was set up. The Inspection Division of the Office directed area inspectors who conducted inspections of personnel, matériel, and operations and made independent checks into financial transactions. The Intelligence Division planned and conducted investigations of Coast Guard personnel, made investigations in connection with the Coast Guard's law-enforcement and regulatory functions, and performed such other intelligence activities as were assigned to the Coast Guard by the Navy. The Headquarters Administration Division provided office services, controlled the number of Headquarters civilian and military personnel, enforced standards of morale and discipline at Headquarters, managed Headquarters facilities, administered travel allotments, and enforced security at Headquarters. The Administrative Services Division was the chief record-keeping agency of the Coast Guard Headquarters.

Records.--Records of the Inspection Division in the successor Inspection Division of the Office of the Commandant include reports of inspections of Coast Guard units, with comments and recommendations, 1939-45. Records of the Intelligence Division in the successor Intelligence and Law Enforcement Division of the Office of the Commandant include case files of investigations of individual persons, 1939-45.

Office of Engineering [1068]

This Office provided engineering services for the Coast Guard. It was in charge of the design, construction, repair, alteration, and maintenance of vessels, machinery, aids to navigation, radio and sound equipment, shore establishments, aircraft, vehicles, and electrical and mechanical control and distribution systems. The Engineer in Chief procured nonstandard engineering items and was responsible for the administration of the Controlled Materials Plan within the Coast Guard. The Office consisted of the Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Communications Engineering, Naval Engineering, Contract Services, and Matériel Reports Divisions.

Records.--The principal wartime records in the Office are its Civil Engineering files, 1939-45 (700 feet), containing plans, costs, and construction data on shore establishments of the Coast Guard; the Naval Engineering files, 1941-45 (400 feet), containing similar materials relating to Coast Guard vessels; the so-called Engineering Policy files, 1939-45 (1 foot); and several series for matériel, electronics, Loran, and the like, 1939-45 (100 feet). The Naval Engineering files, 1939-40 (10 feet), are in the National Archives.

--705--

Air-Sea Rescue Agency [1069]

This Agency was established in the Coast Guard in June 1944 at the request of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Commandant of the Coast Guard acted as its Head and was assisted by representatives from the Army, Navy, and Coast Guard. The Agency conducted joint studies in the development and design of air-sea rescue equipment; the methods, techniques, and procedures of air-sea rescue; and the adequacy of facilities for rescue.

Records.--Records of the Agency are in the successor Search and Rescue Agency in the Office of the Commandant. They consist principally of reports and supporting materials.

Field Activities

Coast Guard District Offices [1070]

The 15 Coast Guard Districts were roughly coterminous with the Naval Districts. The District Offices provided central direction and coordination of the activities of field units within their prescribed geographical limits. The Offices were usually organized on a plan similar to that of the Headquarters organization. Each District Office was headed by the District Coast Guard Officer, who was responsible for its administration and for the performance of all Coast Guard District functions. The Assistant District Coast Guard Officer served as executive officer of the District and had direct charge of operations. The Public Relations, Personnel, Medical, Engineer, Operations, Intelligence, and Finance and Supply Officers had functions indicated by their titles.

Records.--Records of District Offices and of the units within their respective jurisdictions are, with a few exceptions, still in the field. Some records of the District Coast Guard Office, Eighth Naval District, New Orleans, and of its predecessors, 1939-43 (6 feet), are in the National Archives. Correspondence and reports of the District Offices are organized according to the Rules for Handling Mail and Files at Units of the Coast Guard, generally known as the Coast Guard File Manual. Most of the record materials fall into the following main categories: Administration; legal; construction and repair; equipment and supplies; accounts; operations; and personnel.

Coast Guard Academy [1071]

During World War II, the United States Coast Guard Academy at New London, Conn., provided regular cadet training for commissions in the Coast Guard, Reserve cadet training, SPAR (Women's Reserve) indoctrination, and antisubmarine courses for enlisted men and Reserve cadets. The Superintendent of the Academy was its academic and military head and was directly responsible to the Commandant of the Coast Guard. He was assisted by the Academic Board, over which he presided, the Executive Officer, the Commandant of Cadets, the Matériel Officer, and

--706--

the Tactical Officer. Cadets graduating from the Academy received B. S. degrees and commissions as ensigns in the Coast Guard.

Records.--The wartime records of the Academy are in its custody. They include administrative records of the Superintendent; records concerning the Academy's buildings, grounds, and equipment; cadets' records; and records for individual instructors.

See Riley Hughes, Our Coast Guard Academy, a History and Guide (New York, 1944. 213 p.).

SHORE ESTABLISHMENT [1072]

In the Naval Establishment the Naval Districts served during the war period as branch offices of the Navy Department. At the head of each Naval District was its Commandant, who had immediate supervision over the shore establishments within his District. Through him the Secretary of the Navy furnished general administrative supervision and the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, and the Chief of Naval Operations exercised military control and command. The bureaus of the Navy Department exercised technical supervision, and sometimes direct management control, over the shore establishments in each District.

During the war the Naval Establishment was divided into fifteen Naval Districts with designations and headquarters as follows: First Naval District at Boston; Third at New York; Fourth at Philadelphia; Fifth at Norfolk, Va.; Sixth at Charleston, S. C; Seventh at Miami, Fla.; Eighth at New Orleans; Ninth at Great Lakes, Ill.; Tenth at San Juan, P.R.; Eleventh at San Diego, Calif.; Twelfth at San Francisco; Thirteenth at Seattle; Fourteenth at Pearl Harbor; Fifteenth at Balboa, C.Z.; and Seventeenth at Kodiak, Alaska. The Second Naval District had long been nonexistent, and the Sixteenth Naval District was not restored after the loss of the Philippines early in the war. In the same category as the Naval Districts, though not so named, were the Severn River Naval Command, which included the Naval Academy at Annapolis; and the Potomac River Naval Command, which included the Washington, D.C. area.

At the height of the war the shore establishments comprised more than 7,200 individual activities, of which about 6,300 were within the continental United States. Because the operating forces of the Navy were active in the two oceans and the gulf waters bounding the United States, the shore establishments had to be distributed geographically and functionally in order to render prompt, adequate, and simultaneous logistics support to the different fleet components. Most of the shore establishments, therefore, were conveniently located along the coast. Many activities, however, particularly those relating to procurement and supply, personnel training, and certain special services, were widely distributed within the United States and its Territories and possessions.

The 6,300 wartime field activities within the continental United States might be classified in nine general groups, as follows: Shipbuilding and

--707--

Repair, Naval Air, Naval Ordnance, Procurement and Supply, Naval Personnel, Medical Department, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and Special Service. Each of these classes was closely related to one or more of the bureaus or major units of the Navy Department, and its activities were under the technical supervision of these departmental units.

Records.--The wartime records of the shore establishments are in the Navy Department, the shore establishments themselves, the naval records management centers, or the National Archives. Because of the supervision and direction exercised over the shore establishments by the Office of the Secretary, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, and the technical bureaus of the Navy Department, some important records of these activities were directed to one or more of the major units of the Navy Department and became a part of their permanent records. Each of the shore establishments also maintained its own working files during the war years. Many of these, adjudged to have no permanent value, have been destroyed. The more valuable records have been preserved, and some are still in the shore establishments. Many of the earlier and less active records, however, have been sent to one of the naval records management centers for storage and subsequent transfer to the National Archives or destruction; others have been transferred directly to the National Archives.

The naval records management centers that have been set up for the receipt, storage, servicing, and disposal of records of shore establishments are as follows: At Garden City, N.Y., for the First and Third Naval Districts; at Mechanicsburg, Pa., for the Fourth and Fifth Naval Districts; at New Orleans for the Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Fifteenth Naval Districts; at San Bruno, Calif., for the Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Seventeenth Naval Districts; and at Arlington, Va., for the Severn River Naval Command and the Potomac River Naval Command. In these centers are many of the war records of the Naval Districts, navy yards, and shore establishments of the Navy. Wartime records of some of the shore establishments, especially of the Naval Districts and navy yards, have been transferred to the National Archives.

Records of individual shore establishments are discussed elsewhere in this volume, under the bureaus or agencies that had cognizance over them.
[See also the administrative histories of the Shore Establishment. --HyperWar]

Shipbuilding and Repair Activities [1073]

More than 200 Shipbuilding and Repair activities were in operation during the war. The most important of these were the navy yards at Portsmouth, N. H., Boston, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Portsmouth, Va., Charleston, S. C., Mare Island, Calif., and Bremerton, Wash. Many smaller activities manufactured special materials used in the construction and repair of ships; supervised work done in private yards; conducted research and experiments to improve surface vessels, submarines, and aircraft; and performed allied services. All these activities were carried on in close liaison with the Bureau of Ships.

Records.--The records of these activities are discussed under the Bureau of Ships (see entries 999-1004).

--708--

Naval Air Activities [1074]

Included in the 350 Naval Air activities were more than 50 principal air stations, which controlled and operated many auxiliary facilities and air strips. The functions of these activities included the development, manufacture, and testing of naval aircraft; the equipping, supplying, repairing, and maintaining of aircraft; the inspection of aircraft materials and planes; and the training of flight and ground personnel. Technical supervision over these Naval Air activities was exercised by the Bureau of Aeronautics.

Records.--The records of these activities are discussed under the Bureau of Aeronautics (see entries 985-989).

Naval Ordnance Activities [1075]

During the war approximately 200 Naval Ordnance activities were in operation. These included the 15 principal ordnance industrial plants that manufactured guns, rockets, and other munitions. Many ordnance depots maintained, stored, and issued ordnance material, including torpedoes, ammunition, and antisubmarine nets. Other ordnance establishments were the field offices, research and development centers, and inspection activities. All these activities, including the Naval Gun Factory at Washington, maintain close contact with the Bureau of Ordnance.

Records.--The records of these activities are discussed under the Bureau of Ordnance (see entries 925-926).

Procurement and Supply Activities [1076]

During the war some 850 Procurement and Supply activities were engaged in purchasing, expediting, and inspection. The 15 major supply depots handled the storage and issue of supplies, clothing, provisions, fuel, and other classes of material. Included in the Procurement and Supply activities were the field accounting and disbursing offices, which had control over contracts negotiated by the bureaus and other specified authorities; disbursed pay and allowances; and handled travel reimbursement and dependency claims. The Bureau of Supplies and Accounts maintained close contact with these activities in the discharge of their functions.

Records.--The records of these activities are discussed under the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts (see entry 969).

Naval Personnel Activities [1077]

Some 1,600 Naval Personnel activities were devoted to the recruiting, training, welfare, discipline, and distribution of naval personnel. These activities included more than 800 schools and training units, among them the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md. Technical supervision over Naval Personnel activities was exercised by the Bureau of Naval Personnel.

--709--

Records.--The records of these activities are discussed under the Bureau of Naval Personnel (see entries 1035-1039).

Medical Department Activities [1078]

During the war about 150 Medical Department centers devoted their attention to maintaining and restoring the health of naval personnel. These included more than 50 hospitals and convalescent centers and numerous clinics, dispensaries, laboratories, and medical supply activities. All the Medical Department activities, including the Naval Medical Center at Bethesda, Md., carried on their activities under the technical supervision of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.

Records.--The records of these activities are discussed under the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (see entries 903-907).

Marine Corps Activities [1079]

The 400 Marine Corps activities within the United States during the war fell into two general classes. The field organizations that were operated directly by the Marine Corps were especially concerned with the training of Marine Corps personnel and the supply and maintenance of equipment. Other Marine Corps activities performed guard duty, security watches, and policing functions for naval shore establishments. The Commandant, United States Marine Corps, had general supervision over all these Marine Corps activities.

Records.--Records of these activities are discussed under the Marine Corps (see entries 1051-1055).

Coast Guard Activities [1080]

The shore activities of the Coast Guard comprised approxi- mately 1,600 field units, which were concerned with the training of personnel, the supplying of equipment, the maintenance and operation of aids to navigation, lighthouses, lifeboat stations, and port security, and related duties. All these activities were under the control of the Commandant, United States Coast Guard, and were administered directly by the Coast Guard through its own District Offices.

Records.--Records of these activities are discussed under the Coast Guard (see entries 1070-1071).

Special Service Activities [1081]

Some 950 other continental units may be grouped together as special service activities. Included in this group were the radio stations, communication offices, fleet post offices, fleet liaison offices, commissioning details, intelligence units, public information centers, and other special activities. These activities were under the general cognizance of the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, or the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

Records.--Records of these activities are discussed under the appropriate divisions of the above Offices.

--710--

Overseas Activities [1082]

The other 900 individual activities comprising the shore establishment of the Navy included the territorial and insular bases, with their component units. In the establishment and maintenance of these bases the Construction Battalions, or Seabees, under the supervision of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, had a significant part. As naval operations moved westward in the Pacific many early bases became inactive, and much of their material and equipment was available for construction activities in advance bases. After the end of the war many of these activities were abandoned and the units and bases were disestablished.

Records.--Records of disestablished bases and of Seabee units are in the Naval Records Management Center at New Orleans, for the Atlantic and Mediterranean Areas, and in the Center at San Bruno, Calif., for the Pacific Area. Records of bases still in operation are at the bases.

--711--

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