In May 1908, after several years' advocacy by the Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Congress authorized the establishment of a female Nurse Corps within the United States Navy. By October, twenty women had been appointed to the Corps and were preparing for their initial assignments at several naval hospitals.
These nurses, who came to be called "The Sacred Twenty", were the first women to formally serve as members of the Navy. Representatives of one of the few professions then generally open to their gender, and one that had been growing in society's esteem for the previous half-century, Navy Nurses gradually expanded their number to 160 on the eve of World War I. In addition to normal hospital and clinic duties, they were active in training local nurses in U.S. overseas possessions and the Navy's male enlisted medical personnel. A few had seen brief service on board ship.
The April 1917 entry of the United States into the First World War brought a great expansion of the Nurse Corps, both Regular and Reserve. By the time of the Armistice on 11 November 1918, over 1550 nurses had served in Naval hospitals and other facilities at home and abroad, including wartime hospitals in the United Kingdom and France. Shortly after the fighting's end, a few Navy Nurses were assigned to duty aboard transports bringing troops home from Europe.
Nurse Corps' strength contracted to less than five hundred during the peacetime decades, but its duties were extended to include regular service on board Navy hospital ships. Educational opportunities for Navy Nurses were improved, part of a steady rise in their professional status within the service. However, recognition as Commissioned Officers, already achieved by U.S. Army nurses, did not come until World War II. Preparation for that conflict again saw the Nurse Corps grow, with nearly eight hundred members serving on active duty by November 1941, plus over nine hundred inactive reserves.
This page features a special image selection on Nurses and the U.S. Navy up to the eve of World War II, chosen from the more comprehensive coverage presented in the following pages:
In addition, the following pages present views of this era's Nurse Corps' Superintendents:
If you want higher resolution reproductions than the Online Library's digital images, see: How to Obtain Photographic Reproductions. |
Click on the small photograph to prompt a larger view of the same image.
Photo #: NH 52960 "The Sacred Twenty" Group photograph of the first twenty Navy Nurses, appointed in 1908. Taken at the Naval Hospital, Washington, D.C., circa October 1908. They are identified in Photo # NH 52960 (Complete Caption). U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph. Online Image: 99KB; 740 x 575 pixels |
|
Photo #: NH 42354 U.S. Naval Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana Hospital Corpsmen irrigating and dressing wounds under a Nurse's supervision, circa 1918. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph. Online Image: 87KB; 740 x 615 pixels |
|
Photo #: NH 52959 World War I Navy Nurse With two convalescing U.S. Marines, one of whom has lost his right leg. The other has had his right arm amputated. She is wearing the indoor duty uniform, with cape. Courtesy of the Nursing Division, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, September 1962. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph. Online Image: 85KB; 600 x 765 pixels |
|
Photo #: NH 53047 USS Relief (AH-1) Some of her nursing staff, March 1921. Principal Chief Nurse J. Beatrice Bowman is standing in the center, 4th from right. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph. Online Image: 89KB; 740 x 590 pixels |
|
Photo #: NH 82747 U.S. Naval Hospital, Washington, D.C. Ward scene during the 1930s, with a Navy doctor, nurse and corpsman attending to a patient. Donated by the Nursing Division, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, 1974. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph. Online Image: 79KB; 740 x 585 pixels |
|
This page features a special image selection on Nurses and the U.S. Navy up to the eve of World War II, chosen from the more comprehensive coverage presented in the following pages:
In addition, the following pages present views of this era's Nurse Corps' Superintendents and a few individual Navy Nurses:
NOTES:
If you want higher resolution reproductions than the Online Library's digital images, see: How to Obtain Photographic Reproductions. |
Page made 12 March 2000
Coding updated 10 May 2009