PART ONE
IN THE WAKE OF THE INVASION


Chapter I
The Allies

Mission

1. Dir, CCS to SCAEF, 12 Feb 44, quoted in Gordon A. Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack, UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, 1951), App. B.

2. COSSAC (43) 28, Opn OVERLORD, 15 Jul 43, conveniently digested in Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack, App. A; NEPTUNE Initial Jt Plan by the ANCXF, the CinC 21 AGp, and the Air CinC AEAF, 1 Feb 44, NJC 1004, copy 100, SHAEF RG 910.

3. Roland G. Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, Volume I, UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, 1953) (hereafter cited as Ruppenthal, Logistical Support, I), 421, 422, 422n.

4. Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory, "Despatch, Air Operations by the Allied Expeditionary Air Force in N.W. Europe, November 1944," Fourth Supplement to the London Gazette of December 31, 1946 (January 2, 1947); PS/SHAEF (44) 13 (Final), SHAEF Plng Staff, Post-NEPTUNE Plng Forecast 1, 27 May 44, and SHAEF (44) 17, Comments on NEPTUNE Initial Jt Plan and Annexes, 12 Feb 44, both in SGS SHAEF File 381, Post-OVERLORD Plng; Annex A to SHAEF/1062/7/GDP, 17 Jun, Summary of Manoeuvre, SHAEF File 307.2, Logistic Studies; CS (44) 16th Mtg (19 May), Min of CofS Conf, SGS SHAEF File 337/3; IX Engr Comd Prog Rpt, 8 Jul, and 5th ESB Tel Rpt, 28 Jun, FUSA G-3 Jnl File; Ruppenthal, Logistical Support, I, 415-16.

5. Ltr, General Dwight D. Eisenhower to Lt Gen Omar N. Bradley, 25 Jun, FUSA G-3 Jnl File; Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (New York: Doubleday &Company, Inc., 1948), pp 245, 265; Answers by Lt Gen Walter B. Smith and Maj Gen Harold R. Bull to questions by members of the Hist Sec. ETOUSA, 14-15 Sep 45, OCMH Files.

6. Ruppenthal, Logistical Support, I, 406-15; Msg, NCWTF to ANCXF, 28 Jun, FUSA G-3 Jnl File.

7. NEPTUNE Initial Jt Plan cited in n. 2, above.

8. See, for example, SHAEF to AGWAR, S-54425, 23 Jun, SHAEF Msg File.

9. See Forrest C. Pogue, The Supreme Command, UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, 1954), pp. 33ff.

10. See, for example, Ltr, Eisenhower to Bradley, 25 Jun, cited in n. 5, above.

11. For description of General Montgomery's character, personality, and habits, see Major-General Sir Francis de Guingand, Operation Victory (New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1947), pp. 165-94.

12. For a detailed account of how the French military forces were reconstituted, see Marcel Vigneras, Rearming the French, UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, 1957).

13. See Pogue, Supreme Command, Chapters VIII and XIII, and below, Chapter XXIX.

14. Throughout this volume, the term Cotentin refers to the area bounded by Cherbourg on the north, Avranches on the south, the Vire River on the east, and the English Channel on the west.

15. Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Régions géographiques de la France (Paris, n.d.), pp. 263-65; British Admiralty, Handbook Series, France, 3 vols. (London, 1942), Vol. I, p. 12, fig. 7, and p. 18, Vol. II, passim; Atlas Bottin, 2 vols. (Paris, 1951), II, 145; Opn Plan NEPTUNE (20 May 44); First U.S. Army, Report of Operations, 20 October 1943-1 August 1944, 7 vols. (Paris, 1945), I, 124-25. In footnotes through Chapter XXII, all references cited as First U.S. Army, Report of Operations, are to the 20 October 1943-1 August 1944 report. See also footnote 13, Chapter XXIII.

16. COSSAC formed the initials of the Chief of Staff, Supreme Allied Commander (designate), whose organization formulated the OVERLORD plan in 1943 before the appointment later that year of General Eisenhower as Supreme Allied Commander.

17. Intervs, Pogue Files.

18. Interv, Col S. L. A. Marshall with Gen Eisenhower, Detroit, 3 Jun 46, and Interv, Pogue with Lord Tedder, London, 13 Feb 47, Pogue Files; see Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Morgan, Overture to OVERLORD (New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1950), pp. 157-58.

19. Lewis H. Brereton, Lieutenant General, U.S.A., The Brereton Diaries (New York: William Morrow and Company, 1946), p. 287; Captain Harry C. Butcher, USNR, My Three Years With Eisenhower (New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1946), p. 581.

20. 21 AGp Dir, M-502, 18 Jun, Pogue Files.

21. See below, Ch. II.

22. Field Marshal the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, Normandy to the Baltic (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), pp 86, 108; see also Field Marshal the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, Despatch (New York: The British Information Services, 1946), p. 6.

23. Montgomery to Eisenhower, M-30, 25 Jun, SGS SHAEF File 381, OVERLORD, I (a); Eisenhower to Montgomery, 25 Jun, Pogue Files.

24. Montgomery, Normandy to the Baltic, p. 94.

25. Montgomery, Normandy to the Baltic, pp. 94, 97, 101; see below, Ch. II.

26. Montgomery to Eisenhower, M-30, 25 Jun, SHAEF Incoming Msgs.

27. 21 AGp Dirs, M-502 and M-504, 18 and 19 Jun, Pogue Files; Pogue Intervs.

28. Pogue Intervs; Memo, Eisenhower for Pogue, 10 Mar 47; 21 AGp CinC Notes, 15 Jun 44; 21 AGp Dirs, M-502, 18 Jun, M-505, 30 Jun; Photostatic copy of Gen Montgomery's address, Brief Summary of Opn OVERLORD, 7 Apr 44; Statement concerning British manpower strength, no title, n.d., in folder labeled CALA Docs, Cables and Dirs, etc. All six in Pogue Files. Montgomery, Normandy to the Baltic, pp. 21-24; Chester Wilmot, The Struggle for Europe (New York: Harper &Brothers, 1952), pp. 336-41; Harrison Cross-Channel Attack, p. 181; Pogue, Supreme Command, pp. 183ff; Omar N. Bradley, A Soldier's Story (New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc., 1951), pp. 325-26.

29. Robert Patry, St.-Lô (St. Lô, 1948), page 14 of Eugene Turboult's English translation.