[compost_tea] Re: *bump* chlorine and chloramine removal with aquarium- AmQuel

From: Tom Jaszewski <tom_at_livesoil.com>
Date: Sat, 27 Nov 2004 17:06:10 -0000

AmQuelŽ - How It Works
AmQuel was the first,
and is still the safest and most reliable substance for controlling
ammonia and chloramines in aquariums and ponds. Before AmQuel came
along, aquarists had to use fairly complicated methods for
controlling ammonia in fresh water, and its control in salt water
remained a problem.

The active ingredient in AmQuel is known chemically as sodium
hydroxymethanesulfonate, HOCH2SO3Na. The active part of the molecule
can be graphically represented as 
The hydroxymethane- end of the molecule reacts with ammonia to form
a non-toxic, stable water-soluble substance which is acted upon by
biological filtration.
This reaction effectively removes the toxic ammonia from solution.
Even in water of low pH (<7.0) the above reaction proceeds to
completion. This is because even at pHs below 7.0 there is always
some "free" ammonia (NH3) and the AmQuel will scavenge it from th= e
water. This is why AmQuel works faster at higher pH's and in saline
waters.



The substance formed is stable, and testing has shown that even
after weeks in an aquarium without a biological filter, the ammonia
is not released back into the water. Also, unreacted AmQuel is
stable, and unless removed with water changes or granular activated
carbon it will be available to react with ammonia until it is
exhausted in the water to which it was added. This is why AmQuel has
proven so useful in shipping fishes.

The -sulfonate end of the AmQuel molecule reacts with both free-
available chlorine, known properly as hypochlorites (OCl-) and
combined-available chlorine (chloramines). In the first instance
nothing more than harmless chloride ions (Cl- ) are produced, and in
the latter instance chloride ions are formed and the freed ammonia
instantly reacts with the hydroxy-methane end of the molecule.

For additional information on AmQuel, click here: AmQuel KPD-51

U.S. Patent No. 4666610 - European Patent No. 0203741 - Canadian
Patent No. 1300286 - Japanese Patent 1850992







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Received on Sat Nov 27 2004 - 14:17:35 EST

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