D D """""D"""""""" D D mmmmDmmmm """D"""""D""" D"""""""""D mmmmmmmDmmmmmmm mmDmm "m m" mmmDmmmmmDmmm D"""""""""D m D D D"""""""D D D D D"""""""""D "m m" D D D D """D"""D"""D""" """D""""""" "m m" mmD"" D ""D"" D mDmmmDmmmDm mD"""""D" "m" D D D"""D D mmmmmmDmmmmmmm "" "mmm" m" "m D D DmmmD D D mmm"" ""mmm mmm"" ""mmm mD D m" Introduction to Hua2 Xia4 Wen3 Zhai1 -- A CND Chinese Article Transmission Service Table of Contents: No. of Lines ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Objectives ....................................................... 09 2. Sources and Contributions ........................................ 22 3. Standard and Software ............................................ 32 3. Subscription ..................................................... 17 5. Archives ......................................................... 28 Appendix A1.How to use anonymous ftp and retrieve viewers and utils via ftp .. 58 A2.How to uudecode/encode and How to contribute to CND-CM ........... 47 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.Objectives: ...................................................... 09 Hua Xia Wen Zhai is a branch of China News Digest(CND). Its English name is CND Chinese Magazine(CND-CM). The objective of CND-CM is to promote Chinese culture and Chinese computing in oversea Chinese community. Editors of CND-CM are from the same group of volunteers who edit China News Digest (various English language news services). CND-CM distributes selected Chinese articles to computer networks on a weekly basis. 2.Sources and Contributions: ........................................ 22 CND-CM is a digest-type service. Most articles are selected from readers contributions or diskettes contributed from oversea Chinese magazines. A few Chinese magazines and organizations have already contributed their past or even current issues of their publications to CND. Among them are Square, China Spring, Beijing Spring, IFCSS Newsletter, Press Freedom Guardian. All the articles selected will be properly credited to their original authors and publishers (contributors). We will enlarge our sources by contacting more magazines in Mainland China, Taiwan and Hongkong in the future. CND netters are encouraged to contribute Chinese articles directly to CND-CM(see Appendix 2 for technical details). The articles can be either the works of your own, or from a well-established magazine. In the latter case, we will ask the permissions from the original author and publisher to distribute the Chinese articles on academic computing network. Editors will try their best to select quality articles based on the criteria of Zhi1 Shi4 Xing4, Qu4 Wei4 Xing4, and Zi1 Liao4 Xing4 (being informative, educational, of common interest, and collectable.). There is no implication that any selected article necessarily reflect the point of view of the editors. Readers are urged to exercise their own discretion to judge the truthfulness and value of the articles. 3. Standard and Software ............................................. 32 There are two different standards in Chinese Computing, GuoBiao(GB), and BIG-5. GuoBiao, as the Chinese term implies, is national standard, whereas BIG-5 is a popular code in Taiwan and Hongkong. GB code is adopted in many systems, such as CCDOS and Macintosh Chinese Operating System 6.0x. There are two coding protocols derived from GB, 'zW' and 'HZ' which allow mixing of Chinese text and ASCII (English) text. Currently, HXWZ publishes both GB version and HZ version at the same time with the same contents. The practical differences between a GB format article and a HZ format article is in that the former is needed to be encoded during transmisson through e-mail network and has to decode it again before reading it after receiving from e-mail network, while the latter (HZ) does not need such encode/decode process. GB files are binary ones. Network mail only supports ASCII(text) transmission. Chinese GB article must be converted to plain text file at distributor's end before transmission, and be converted back to binary file at recipient's site. UUENCODE/UUDECODE is a very popular scheme to convert file between binary and text. It is available on all Unix machines. There are also UUENCODE/DECODE versions for DOS and many other systems(See Appendix 1).CND-CM will use UUENCODE standard to distribute Chinese articles. Readers can use UUDECODE to convert text file back to Chinese file in GB. The whole process is shown below: Editor | Done by CND-CM | Done by listserv | Done by Readers | Viewer Chinese ------> GB --------> mail text ---------> GB -------> Chinese input/edit | uuencode | distribute | uudecode | display 4. Subscription ...................................................... 17 Subscription and distribution are dealt by list server. To subscribe CND-CM, send mail to listserv@psuvm.bitnet or listserv@psuvm.psu.edu. The subject line is optional, the following listserv command should be in the first line of the mail body: sub cmpsu-l To unsubscribe the list, send mail containing 'signoff cmpsu-l' listserv command to the same address. Do NOT write anything else in the mail containing the listserv commands. People who use Bitnet can also send commands to listserv by interactive message. 5. Archives .......................................................... 28 Uuencoded GB articles of CND-CM are available from listserv database system at uga.bitnet. To get a list of available files, send the following command to listserv: index ccman-l The command to retrieve certain file is: get filename Again, the request should be send to listserv@uga.bitnet or listserv@psuvm. psu.edu with command placed at mail body. ============== A P P E N D I X ============== A1: What is anonymous FTP? How to get viewers and utilities via FTP? ..58 To read CND-CM, the first thing you do is to get viewer and utilities via anonymous ftp and install them on your system. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a subsystem to allow users to transfer files between the local system and remote systems. On internet, there are many public file servers that archive data files and software of various topics. People can login these accounts as 'anonymous' (anonymous must be in lower case for those servers on unix system) and retrieve files from or contribute to these 'anonymous' accounts.Most system accept 'ftp' as login name too. To login anonymous server on a remote machine, type in the following line at your system prompt: ftp domain.name. (eg, ftp ifcss.org ) At login prompt, enter 'anonymous' as user name. Password can be anything, but your real id on your local machine is preferred. After login, use 'dir' to list available files in the current directory, use 'cd' to change directory (eg, cd pub). 'get' is a command to retrieve files from remote machine. Before retrieving files, you may need to specify the mode by commands 'bin' and 'asc'. For example, GB files and .exe files are binary ones. You need to transfer them in binary mode. So before issuing 'get' command, type in 'bin' to tell machine to transfer files in binary mode. Many files in anonymous ftp are compressed ones. You need to uncompress before installing them on your system. A common compression format for MSDOS is .zip. You need unzip utility to retrieve files. The one we provided in ifcss.org is pkunzip.exe. There are many software packages in ifcss.org's ~ftp/software directory which to use view, edit and print the Chinese text file. Unix compressed file has an extension '.Z'. It can be uncompressed by 'uncompress' command on Unix. '.tar.Z' is compressed unix tape archive. To extract files from such an archive file, uncompress first, then untar the '.tar' file. Example: uncompress b2g.tar.Z tar -xf b2g.tar The following are two anonymous ftp sites that archive China-related software and documents. (1)ifcss.org [IP: 129.107.1.155] (2)cnd.org [IP: 132.249.229.100] You are encouraged to browse these anonymous ftp servers and get the software that are useful for your system. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A2: How to uudecode mails distributed by CND-CM? How to contribute a Chinese article to CND-CM? ........................................ 47 (1) Installing UUDECODE: If you are on a Unix system or a system that has uudecode on-line, you do not need to do anything. If your system has not installed uudecode, get it from anonymous ftp. There are several versions out there. DOS and VMS versions are available at ifcss.org. The program for DOS are uudecode.exe in ~ftp/software/dos/utils directory. For the .zip file, you need to ftp in binary mode, then unzip with the utility pkunzip.exe. VMS user can get it from /software/vms subdirectory. It is a compiled version. Use binary mode to get it to your system. Add following line in your login.com file: $ uudecode:==$Userdisk:[userdir]uudecode.exe Example: $ uudecode:==$disk1:[zhang]uudecode.exe (2) Uudecoding: To uudecode, the first step is to save CND-CM mail to a file. In unix mail, type: s 'filename' or w 'filename'. In vms mail, type: extract 'filename'. All the uudecode programs provided in ahkcus anonymous server will can the mail header and tailer automatically. But some uudecode versions may not have this function. In that case, you need to edit the file you saved, cut mail header and all the messages before '----- cut here -----' line. At system prompt, type uudecode 'filename' Then, the original GB binary file will be generated on your disk in seconds. This file can be viewed/edited by Chinese viewer/editor. If you need to transfer or download GB files, Don't forget use binary transfer mode. You can also download the text file to your PC first in text(ascii) mode, and uudecode the uuencoded text on your PC. (3)uuencoding and Contributing Articles to CND-CM 1) Write the article in GB formatted Chinese (We also welcome BIG5 or HZ formatted Chinese articles); 2) Encode the GB or BIG5 formatted Chinese file using uuencode, e.g., uuencode contrib.gb contrib.gb > 1 on unix 3) E-mail the uudecoded file to HXWZ, e.g., mail -s Contribution hxwz@library.uta.edu < 1 on unix If your file is HZ formatted, you can send the file directly through e-mail without encoding. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ End of File enclosed two: printing help Hua Xia Wen Zhai (CND-CM) Printing Help File Table of Contents: Line No. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What are needed to print GB code?................................. 22 2. Basic concept to print a GB file ................................. 42 3. How to print GB files on IBM-PC .................................. 62 4. How to print GB files on Macintosh ............................... 75 5. How to print GB files on UNIX .................................... 87 6. How to print GB files on VAX/VMS ................................. 99 7. How to print out HXWZ PostScript Version .........................108 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Author: Chen Jian 5/5/1991 Last revised : Jan 8, 1995 [On multiple-user printers, please try to avoid printing HXWZ during the working hours. Thank you for being considerate to other users.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What are needed to print GB code? ------------------------------------------------------------------------- HXWZ uses GB (Guo2 Biao1) code as its file format. Basically, printing a GB code file is the same as to print an ASCII file. But the GB code files are not very polular in the current computer system, so for the GB code users, they have to use some special program to translate GB code to the printer acceptable code. We only discuss GB code file in current help file. There are several other coding schemes for Chinese characters today, like Hz, zW, BIG5 etc. Like displaying Chinese character on the screen, some basic hardware and software are required. For the hardware, one of the following printer is required: 9 pin dot printer, 24 pin dot printer, HP laser printer laser printer with Postscript capability. For the software, at least two files are required. One is GB code file that you want to print out, e.g. cm9501a.gb. The other is the driver program, e.g. dayin24, cpl-11, gb2ps. Usually, the driver program does not contain Ziku (Chinese fonts) files, so the Ziku files are required to support the driver program. Examples of Ziku files are ziku24.1, ziku24.2, csong24.plib. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Basic concept to print a GB file ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This topic is only for a user who wants to write his own driver program. The element of GB code is a two-bytes binary code. One GB element represents one Chinese character. Each Chinese character is a "drawing", it can be drawn by bitmap or vector (matrix). 24x24 is a very popular size for bitmap Chinese character font, that means each character is formed by 24x24 points. Ziku file contains all these (6768 characters for the whole GuoBiao Code Table) drawing of Chinese characters. The order of the Chinese characters in the Ziku file is fixed. The order can be arranged according to a particular coding scheme and is thus associated sometimes with names like GB, Big5, etc. Actually, one GB element represents an address of the character in the Ziku file. So the basic functions of the driver program are to 1)read a GB code, 2)find the character's address, 3)take out the character "drawing" from Ziku; 4) send the "drawing" to printer. All the above processor is the same as with the ASCII printing. Almost all the GB code printing processor is done by software, but ASCII code can be done by hardware. Different machine has to have different driver program, but Ziku can be the same. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. How to print GB files on IBM-PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Printer drivers for dot-matrix printers, HP laser jets and Postscript printers are available for PC users. They are in src/pc/ directory at ifcss.org or cnd.org for ftp(see FTP help file). BYX byxprn1.exe, byxprn2.exe and byxprn3.exe support the 9 pin and 24 pin dot printer program. Program cpl-11 and hz24 support HP laser printer. If the user has C compiler in his machine, he can get gb2ps.c in the src/unix to transfer GB code files to PostScript files. The output files have to send to PostScript acceptable laser printer. A few reasonably complete Chinese software packages have printing capability built in (e.g. NJstar and XLBR). Shareware versions of those software, and quite a few others, are available in the above two ftp sites. You may simple use those programmes to view and print HXWZ magazine. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. How to print GB files on Macintosh ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Not too many FREE Chinese Word Processors are available for Macintosh right now. Program MacHanzi and Qread can display GB code file on screen and send the file to printer when print command in pull down menu is clicked at. (Please be patient, it will take a little bit longer time to get a hardcopy.) Please check the Macintosh help file to get detail information about Macintosh printing feature in src/mac/ directory at cnd.org for ftp (see FTP help file). ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. How to print GB files on UNIX ------------------------------------------------------------------------- There is only one PostScript driver program for the UNIX system. The source code program is in anonymous@cnd.org src/unix (see FTP help file). There are two source code files there right now. One is GB2PS, the other is HZ2PS. The detail information has been included in the package. Another program can help reader transfer GB file to PostScript, called ChTeX. Interested readers can anonymous ftp to uhunix2.uhcc.hawaii.edu (128.171.44.7) to get those programs, directory name is /pub/TeX/ChTeX. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6. How to print GB files on VAX/VMS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- For the VMS system, we only have one program available right now, it is GB2PS. The executable program is in anonymous@cnd.org, src/vms. Please get the gb2ps.readme as well as gb2ps.exe. gb2ps.readme gives all the information about setting define, running, and printing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. How to print out HXWZ PostScript Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------- CND-CM group (HXWZ editorial board) supplies HXWZ PostScript (PS) version to the readers. The file is in anonymous@cnd.org under pub/hxwz subdirectory. Only current issue of HXWZ is available. The file will be updated on Friday morning. For the detail information, please read HXWZ_PS.TXT in the same directory. Normally, it will take about 30 minutes to print out one issue of HXWZ. If you don't have your own laser printer, please do not print the HXWZ PS version in the working hours. It could cause inconvenience to other users.