Footnotes
1 Mishnah, Aboth, chap.
v.: "At five years the age is reached for the study of the Scripture, at
ten for the study of the Mishnah, at thirteen for the fulfilment of the
commandments, at fifteen for the study of the Talmud, at eighteen for marriage,
at twenty for seeking a livelihood."
2 Josh. i. 8.
3 According to the latest
statistics less than one-fifth of the Jewish school children in greater
London attend Jewish elementary schools, namely, 7184 out of a total of
37,236 (Jewish Year Book, 1912, p.49).
4 Ruppin, Die
Juden der Gegenwart, p.123.
5 Ibid., p.121.
6 The Immigrant Jew in
America, p.190, edited by Dr. Edmund J. James (New York, 1907).
7 Die Juden der Gegenwart,
p.126.
8 Ibid., p. 126.
9 Die Juden in Oesterreich,
by Dr. J. Thon, p.98 (Berlin, 1908).
10 The Immigrant Jew
in America.
11 According to
an investigation by the late Professor Morris Loeb (1904-05), Jews
formed 39 per cent of the 1871 medical students in New York City, in which
the Jews constitute 20 per cent of the population (Dr. M. Fishberg, The
Jews, p.377).
12 Die Juden in Oesterreich,
p.102.
13 See p. 284.
14 Die Juden in Oesterreich,
p. 81.
15 Ibid., p.81.
16 Dr. Siegmund Fleischer,
in Jüdische Statistik, p.230.
17 Economic Conditions
of the Jews in Russia, Bulletin of the Bureau of Labour, p.580 (Washington,
1907).
18 Immigration, by
Prescott F. Hall (New York, 1907), p. 81.
19 Educaton in Russia,
Board of Education Special Report, p.193 (London, 1909). The Jewish
colonization Association estimated the number of Chedarim at 24,620
(Die sozialen Verhältnisse der Juden in Russland, p.47,
Berlin, 1906).
20 Die sozialen Verhältnisse
der Juden in Russland, pp.52-53 (Berlin, 1996).
21 Ibid., p.55.
22 In the early months
of 1913 a serious agitation broke out among German students against the
presence of Russian Jews at the universities, the result of which is a
restriction of their admission to the universities of Berlin, Koenigsberg,
Munich, Leipzig, Halle, and several other seats of learning. A similar
agitation followed in Paris (see Jewish Chronicle, 11th
April 1913), though without any practical effect, and also at several Austrian
universities (Vienna, Prague, Grata, etc.), where a restriction similar
to that in Germany was infroduced. The consequence has been that many Jewish
students have migrated to Italy.
23 This Seminary was closed
in June 1913. Cf. p.213.
24 Dr. J. Segall, Die
beruflichen und sozialen Verhältnisse der Juden in Deutschland,
p. 57 (Berlin, 1912). |